{"id":1082,"date":"2025-03-04T15:43:59","date_gmt":"2025-03-04T11:43:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/socialresearchjournal.az\/?p=1082"},"modified":"2025-03-04T16:02:34","modified_gmt":"2025-03-04T12:02:34","slug":"1082","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/socialresearchjournal.az\/index.php\/2025\/03\/04\/1082\/","title":{"rendered":"BOLQARISTAN T\u00dcRKL\u018fR\u0130N\u0130N M\u018fTBUATI\u00a0M\u0130LL\u0130 M\u00dcBAR\u0130Z\u018fN\u0130N APARICI VAS\u0130T\u018fS\u0130\u00a0 K\u0130M\u0130 (1944-2010-cu ill\u0259r)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Sabir<\/strong> <strong>M<\/strong><strong>\u018f<\/strong><strong>MM<\/strong><strong>\u018f<\/strong><strong>DL<\/strong><strong>\u0130,<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em>BDU, Beyn\u0259lxalq jurnalistika v\u0259 informasiya siyas\u0259ti <\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>kafedras\u0131, siyasi elml\u0259r doktoru, professor<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(Bak\u0131, Az\u0259rbaycan)<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>E-mail: sabir.rm@mail. ru<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>ORCID ID: 0000-0001-9176-2569<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>UOT 070<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>UOT 32<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>UOT 323.1<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>X\u00fclas\u0259.<\/strong> M\u0259qal\u0259d\u0259 geni\u015f faktoqrafik materiallar \u0259as\u0131nda Bolqar\u0131stan t\u00fcrkl\u0259rinin milli ideallar u\u011frunda m\u00fcbariz\u0259si \u0259ks olunur. 1944-c\u00fc ild\u0259 \u00f6lk\u0259d\u0259 \u201cDimitrov konstitusiyas\u0131&#8221;na uy\u011fun olaraq bir m\u00fcdd\u0259t b\u0259zi demokratik prinsipl\u0259r h\u00f6km s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015fd\u00fcr. T\u00fcrk ziyal\u0131lar\u0131 m\u00f6vcud \u015f\u0259raiti milli m\u0259kt\u0259bl\u0259rin a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131, ana dilinin inki\u015faf\u0131, do\u011fma dild\u0259 radioyay\u0131m\u0131n t\u0259\u015fkili \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn istifad\u0259 etmi\u015fl\u0259r. \u201cVatan\u201d, \u201c\u0130\u015f\u0131k\u201d, \u201cDostluk\u201d n\u0259\u015frl\u0259ri meydana g\u0259lmi\u015fdir. M\u00fc\u0259llif qeyd edir ki, 1958-ci ild\u0259n ba\u015flayaraq Bolqar\u0131stan h\u00f6kum\u0259ti t\u00fcrk \u0259halisin\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 m\u0259hdudiyy\u0259tl\u0259r t\u0259tbiq etm\u0259y\u0259 ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f, milli t\u0259sisatlar\u0131 ba\u011flam\u0131\u015f v\u0259 t\u00fcrkl\u0259ri \u201cbolqarla\u015fd\u0131rma\u011fa\u201d \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. M\u0259qal\u0259d\u0259 \u201cRodop m\u00fccadilesi\u201d, \u201cTuna dergisi\u201d, \u201cHalk davas\u0131\u201d v\u0259 dig\u0259r m\u0259tbuat orqanlar\u0131 timsal\u0131nda Bolqar\u0131stan t\u00fcrkl\u0259rinin m\u0259tbuat\u0131n\u0131n milli d\u0259y\u0259rl\u0259r u\u011frunda m\u00fcbariz\u0259si \u0259ks olunmu\u015fdur.<\/p>\n<p>X\u00fcsusi olaraq vur\u011fulan\u0131r ki, 1980-ci ill\u0259rin sonlar\u0131nda sosialist sistemi iflasa u\u011frad\u0131qdan sonra Bolqar\u0131stan t\u00fcrkl\u0259rinin milli dir\u00e7\u0259li\u015fi \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6st\u0259rm\u0259y\u0259 ba\u015flam\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Milli h\u0259r\u0259kat formala\u015fm\u0131\u015f, \u00e7ox sayda m\u00fcst\u0259qil, demokratik m\u0259tbuat orqanlar\u0131 meydana g\u0259lmi\u015fdir. Bolqar\u0131stan t\u00fcrkl\u0259rinin \u201cHak v\u0259 \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck\u201d h\u0259r\u0259kat\u0131 \u00f6lk\u0259 parlamentind\u0259 t\u0259msil olunur, onun n\u00fcmay\u0259nd\u0259l\u0259ri koalisyon h\u00f6kum\u0259td\u0259 f\u0259aliyy\u0259t g\u00f6st\u0259rir v\u0259 milli maraqlara xidm\u0259t edirl\u0259r.<\/p>\n<p><strong>A\u00e7ar s\u00f6sl\u0259r:<\/strong> Bolqar\u0131stan t\u00fcrkl\u0259ri, m\u0259tbuat, milli m\u00fcbariz\u0259, q\u0259zet, ana dili<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Giri\u015f<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>T\u00fcrkl\u0259r haz\u0131rk\u0131 Bolqar\u0131stan \u0259razil\u0259rind\u0259 XIV \u0259srd\u0259n yerl\u0259\u015fm\u0259y\u0259 ba\u015flam\u0131\u015flar. Balkanlar\u0131n Osmanl\u0131 imperiyas\u0131n\u0131n t\u0259rkibin\u0259 daxil edilm\u0259sind\u0259n sonra \u015f\u0259h\u0259r v\u0259 b\u00f6lg\u0259 m\u0259rk\u0259zl\u0259rind\u0259 t\u00fcrkl\u0259rin say\u0131 getdikc\u0259 artm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Be\u015f \u0259srd\u0259n art\u0131q bir d\u00f6vr, y\u0259ni 1396-1908-ci ill\u0259r \u0259rzind\u0259 Bolqar\u0131stan Osmanl\u0131 imperiyas\u0131n\u0131n t\u0259rkibind\u0259 olmu\u015fdur. Rus-t\u00fcrk m\u00fcharib\u0259l\u0259ri v\u0259 Bolqar\u0131stan\u0131n \u00f6z m\u00fcst\u0259qilliyini elan etm\u0259si n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 t\u00fcrk \u0259halisinin xeyli hiss\u0259si T\u00fcrkiy\u0259y\u0259 k\u00f6\u00e7 etmi\u015fdir. Miqrasiya prosesi m\u00f6vcud siyasi, iqtisadi v\u0259 sosial durumla ba\u011fl\u0131 olmu\u015f v\u0259 bir ne\u00e7\u0259 dal\u011fa \u015f\u0259klind\u0259 ba\u015f vermi\u015fdir. 2001-ci ild\u0259 ke\u00e7irilmi\u015f siyah\u0131yaalman\u0131n n\u0259tic\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259, Bolqar\u0131standa 746.664 t\u00fcrk mill\u0259tind\u0259n olan v\u0259t\u0259nda\u015f ya\u015fay\u0131r [8].<\/p>\n<p>Bolqar\u0131stan t\u00fcrkl\u0259ri olduqca z\u0259ngin bir m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259t miras\u0131na sahibdirl\u0259r. M\u00fcxt\u0259lif d\u00f6vrl\u0259rd\u0259 n\u0259\u015fr olunan q\u0259zet v\u0259 d\u0259rgil\u0259r bu m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259t miras\u0131n\u0131n \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tli bir hiss\u0259sini t\u0259\u015fkil edir. Bolqar\u0131stan t\u00fcrkl\u0259rinin ilk m\u0259tbu orqan\u0131n\u0131n n\u0259\u015fri Osmanl\u0131 imperiyas\u0131 d\u00f6vr\u00fcn\u0259, 1865-ci il\u0259 t\u0259sad\u00fcf edir. H\u0259min d\u00f6vrd\u0259n ba\u015flayaraq bu g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r t\u00fcrk ziyal\u0131lar\u0131 says\u0131z-hesabs\u0131z q\u0259zet v\u0259 jurnal n\u0259\u015fr etdirib b\u00f6y\u00fck bir tarixi salnam\u0259 yaratm\u0131\u015flar. Tarixin b\u00fct\u00fcn ke\u00e7m\u0259ke\u015fli yollar\u0131na, qar\u015f\u0131la\u015fd\u0131qlar\u0131 \u00e7\u0259tinlikl\u0259r\u0259 v\u0259 m\u0259hrumiyy\u0259tl\u0259r\u0259 baxmayaraq Bolqar\u0131stan t\u00fcrkl\u0259ri, t\u0259dqiqat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n hesablamalar\u0131na g\u00f6r\u0259, yaln\u0131z 1880-1960-c\u0131 ill\u0259r \u0259rzind\u0259 186 q\u0259zet v\u0259 36 jurnal n\u0259\u015fr etdirmi\u015fl\u0259r [2].<\/p>\n<p>T\u00fcrk ziyal\u0131lar\u0131 h\u0259mi\u015f\u0259 hesab etmi\u015fl\u0259r ki, q\u0259zet c\u0259miyy\u0259t \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn maarifl\u0259ndirici v\u0259 t\u0259\u015fkilatland\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 bir vasit\u0259 olmaqla yana\u015f\u0131 h\u0259m d\u0259 i\u015f\u0131q da\u015f\u0131yan, \u0259halini \u00fcr\u0259kl\u0259ndir\u0259n s\u00f6nm\u0259z bir m\u0259\u015fh\u0259ldir. Onu da n\u0259z\u0259r\u0259 almaq laz\u0131md\u0131r ki, q\u0259zet v\u0259 jurnallar yaln\u0131z \u00f6lk\u0259nin paytaxt\u0131 Sofiyada deyil, h\u0259m d\u0259 m\u00fcxt\u0259lif \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259rd\u0259 v\u0259 b\u00f6lg\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 n\u0259\u015fr olunmu\u015fdur. Yaln\u0131z K\u0131rcal\u0131 b\u00f6lg\u0259sind\u0259 t\u00fcrk ziyal\u0131lar\u0131 1880-1970-ci ill\u0259r \u0259rzind\u0259 16 q\u0259zet v\u0259 3 jurnal n\u0259\u015fr etdirm\u0259y\u0259 m\u00fcv\u0259ff\u0259q olmu\u015flar [2].<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u018fsas hiss\u0259 <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong> 1947-ci konstitusiyas\u0131 \u0259sas\u0131nda <\/strong><strong>t\u00fcrk m\u0259tbuat\u0131n\u0131n dir\u00e7\u0259li\u015fi<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>1944-c\u00fc ild\u0259 sovet qo\u015funlar\u0131n\u0131n Bolqar\u0131stana daxil olmas\u0131 il\u0259 \u0259laq\u0259dar olaraq \u00f6lk\u0259d\u0259 sovet hakimiyy\u0259ti qurulmu\u015fdur. \u201cDimitrov konstitusiyas\u0131&#8221;na uy\u011fun olaraq etnik azl\u0131qlar\u0131n h\u00fcquqlar\u0131 m\u00fcdafi\u0259 olunur, onlara ana dilind\u0259 t\u0259hsil almaq, milli m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259tl\u0259rini inki\u015faf etdirm\u0259k h\u00fcququ elan olunmu\u015fdu. Bolqar\u0131standa ilkin vaxtlar bir ne\u00e7\u0259 y\u00fcz t\u00fcrk m\u0259kt\u0259bi, gimnaziyalar\u0131 f\u0259aliyy\u0259t g\u00f6st\u0259rirdi. \u00d6lk\u0259d\u0259 t\u00fcrk dilind\u0259 radioyay\u0131m da t\u0259\u015fkil olunmu\u015fdur.<\/p>\n<p>K\u00f6kl\u00fc d\u0259yi\u015fiklikl\u0259r t\u00fcrk m\u0259tbuat\u0131nda da m\u00fc\u015fahid\u0259 olunurdu. Yeni rejimin mahiyy\u0259tin\u0259 uy\u011fun olaraq t\u00fcrk dilind\u0259 n\u0259\u015fr olunan xeyli sayda q\u0259zet v\u0259 jurnallar meydana g\u0259ldi. 1945-1985-ci ill\u0259r aras\u0131 onlar\u0131n say\u0131 39-a \u00e7atm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Bu n\u0259\u015frl\u0259rin ham\u0131s\u0131 lat\u0131n qrafikas\u0131 \u0259sas\u0131nda \u00e7ap olunurdu. N\u0259z\u0259r\u0259 almaq laz\u0131md\u0131r ki, \u00f6lk\u0259d\u0259 yay\u0131mlanan b\u00fct\u00fcn n\u0259\u015frl\u0259r d\u00f6vl\u0259tin n\u0259zar\u0259ti alt\u0131nda idi v\u0259 kommunist ideologiyas\u0131na xidm\u0259t edirdi [9].<\/p>\n<p>Kommunist d\u00f6n\u0259mind\u0259 t\u00fcrk dilind\u0259 f\u0259aliyy\u0259t\u0259 ba\u015flayan ilk n\u0259\u015fr V\u0259t\u0259n\u00a0 C\u0259bh\u0259si komit\u0259sinin orqan\u0131 olan \u201cV\u0430t\u0430n\u201d q\u0259zeti idi. Bu q\u0259zetin yaln\u0131z bir n\u00f6mr\u0259si i\u015f\u0131q \u00fcz\u00fc g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015fd\u00fc, onun \u0259v\u0259zin\u0259 1945-ci ild\u0259n \u201c\u0130\u015f\u0131k\u201d q\u0259zeti yay\u0131mlanma\u011fa ba\u015flam\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. 1947-ci ild\u0259 ba\u015fqa bir t\u00fcrk q\u0259zeti \u2013 \u201cDostluk\u201d \u00f6z n\u0259\u015frin\u0259 ba\u015flam\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Bu n\u0259\u015fr \u0259slind\u0259 Q\u0131z\u0131l Ordu t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n \u00e7\u0131xar\u0131lan \u201cDrujba\u201d q\u0259zetinin t\u00fcrk dilin\u0259 t\u0259rc\u00fcm\u0259si idi. \u201cDostluk\u201d q\u0259zetinin redaktoru A.K\u0259rim adl\u0131 az\u0259rbaycanl\u0131 idi [5].<\/p>\n<p>Qeyd olunan \u201c\u0130\u015f\u0131k\u201d q\u0259zeti Bolqar\u0131stan Kommunist Partiyas\u0131n\u0131n m\u0259tbu orqan\u0131 kimi f\u0259aliyy\u0259tini uzun m\u00fcdd\u0259t davam etdirmi\u015fdir. Sonrak\u0131 ill\u0259r \u0259rzind\u0259 bu q\u0259zet iki dild\u0259 (t\u00fcrk v\u0259 bolqar) \u00e7ap olunmu\u015f, h\u0259tta iki adda \u00e7\u0131xm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r: \u201cYeni i\u015f\u0131k\u201d \u2013 \u201cNova svetlina\u201d. Q\u0259zetin t\u00fcrkc\u0259 olan n\u0259\u015fri 1985-ci il\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r \u00f6z f\u0259aliyy\u0259tini davam etdirmi\u015fdir.<\/p>\n<p>Uzun\u00f6m\u00fcrl\u00fc q\u0259zetl\u0259r s\u0131ras\u0131nda 1948-ci ild\u0259n \u00f6z f\u0259aliyy\u0259tin\u0259 ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f \u201cHalk gencli\u011fi\u201d n\u0259\u015fri d\u0259 olmu\u015fdur. \u201cHalk gencli\u011fi\u201d Dimitrov\u00e7u Kommunist G\u0259ncl\u0259r Birliyi M\u0259rk\u0259zi Komit\u0259sinin m\u0259tbu orqan\u0131 idi, h\u0259ft\u0259d\u0259 bir d\u0259f\u0259 yay\u0131mlan\u0131rd\u0131, 1970-ci ild\u0259 \u201cYeni i\u015f\u0131k\u201d q\u0259zeti il\u0259 birl\u0259\u015fdirm\u0259k b\u0259han\u0259sini il\u0259 hakimiyy\u0259t orqanlar\u0131 onu ba\u011flam\u0131\u015flar.<\/p>\n<p>T\u00fcrk \u0259halisi aras\u0131nda marksizm ideologiyas\u0131n\u0131 yaymaq v\u0259 ya\u015fatmaq m\u0259qs\u0259dil\u0259 Kommunist Partiyas\u0131 ilk n\u00f6vb\u0259d\u0259 yeni n\u0259slin n\u00fcmay\u0259nd\u0259l\u0259rini \u00f6z t\u0259siri alt\u0131na salma\u011fa \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rd\u0131. Bunun \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u201cEyl\u00fclc\u00fc \u00e7ocuk\u201d q\u0259zetini n\u0259\u015fr etdirm\u0259y\u0259 ba\u015flam\u0131\u015fd\u0131lar. Bu q\u0259zet 1946-1960-c\u0131 ill\u0259rd\u0259 yay\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Eyni m\u0259qs\u0259d\u0259 xidm\u0259t ed\u0259n bir jurnal \u2013 \u201cPiyoner\u201d d\u0259 n\u0259\u015fr olunurdu. Amma onun \u00f6mr\u00fc \u00e7ox q\u0131sa olmu\u015fdur. Jurnal 1959-cu ild\u0259 i\u015f\u0131q \u00fcz\u00fc g\u00f6rs\u0259 d\u0259, c\u0259mi bir ild\u0259n sonra ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. \u201cEyl\u00fclc\u00fc \u00e7ocuk\u201d q\u0259zetinin v\u0259 \u201cPiyoner\u201d jurnal\u0131n\u0131n n\u0259\u015frinin dayand\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 \u0259slind\u0259 Bolqar\u0131standa b\u00fct\u00fcn t\u00fcrk m\u0259kt\u0259bl\u0259rinin ba\u011flanmas\u0131 il\u0259 birba\u015fa \u0259laq\u0259dar idi. H\u0259l\u0259 bundan bir m\u00fcdd\u0259t \u0259vv\u0259l t\u0259drisi t\u00fcrk dilind\u0259 aparan b\u00fct\u00fcn liseyl\u0259r v\u0259 institutlar ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>1960-c\u0131 ild\u0259 hakimiyy\u0259t dair\u0259l\u0259ri s\u00f6z vermi\u015fdil\u0259r ki, \u201cEyl\u00fclc\u00fc \u00e7ocuk\u201d ba\u011fland\u0131qdan sonra onun funksiyas\u0131 \u201cHalk gencli\u011fi\u201dn\u0259 veril\u0259c\u0259kdir. \u201cHalk gencli\u011fi\u201d q\u0259zetin\u0259 \u201cFiliz\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131ql\u0131 s\u0259hif\u0259 \u0259lav\u0259 olunmu\u015fdur. 1968-ci ild\u0259 \u201cFiliz\u201d ayr\u0131ca q\u0259zet kimi f\u0259aliyy\u0259tini davam etdirmi\u015fdir. Ayda iki n\u00f6mr\u0259si \u00e7apdan \u00e7\u0131x\u0131rd\u0131. H\u0259min ilin sonunda \u201cFiliz\u201din d\u0259 n\u0259\u015fri dayand\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>1954-c\u00fc ild\u0259 \u00f6lk\u0259nin paytaxt\u0131 Sofyada t\u00fcrk dilind\u0259 \u201cYeni Hayat\u201d adl\u0131 bir jurnal i\u015f\u0131q \u00fcz\u00fc g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015fd\u00fcr. Jurnal sosial, siyasi, \u0259d\u0259bi v\u0259 inc\u0259s\u0259n\u0259t xarakterli bir n\u0259\u015fr idi. Bir ne\u00e7\u0259 ild\u0259n sonra bu jurnalda x\u00fcsusi olaraq \u0259d\u0259biyyat b\u00f6lm\u0259si f\u0259aliyy\u0259t\u0259 ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f, amma q\u0131sa m\u00fcdd\u0259td\u0259n sonra bu hiss\u0259 jurnal s\u0259hif\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259n \u00e7\u0131xar\u0131lm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Sonralar \u201cYeni hayat\u201d\u0131n \u201c\u015eafak\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131ql\u0131 \u0259d\u0259biyyat v\u0259 inc\u0259s\u0259n\u0259t \u0259lav\u0259si burax\u0131lm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Burada kommunist ideologiyas\u0131na uy\u011fun \u0259d\u0259biyyat v\u0259 s\u0259n\u0259t \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259ri \u00e7ap olunmu\u015fdur.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cYeni Hayat\u201d jurnal\u0131n\u0131n ayr\u0131ca u\u015faqlar \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn s\u0259hif\u0259si d\u0259 var idi \u2013 \u201c\u00c7ocuklara ait sayfa\u201d. 1976-c\u0131 ild\u0259n bu s\u0259hif\u0259y\u0259 \u201cAr\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k\u201d ad\u0131 verilmi\u015f, amma sonralar yaln\u0131z bolqar dilind\u0259 \u00e7ap olunurdu.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ol start=\"2\">\n<li><strong> Bolqar\u0131stan t\u00fcrkl\u0259ri kommunistl\u0259rin <\/strong><strong>etnosid siyas\u0259tin\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fcbariz\u0259d\u0259<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>1958-ci ild\u0259 Bolqar\u0131stan Kommunist Partiyas\u0131 t\u00fcrk \u0259halisin\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 y\u00f6n\u0259lmi\u015f bir s\u0131ra x\u00fcsusi q\u0259rarlar q\u0259bul etmi\u015fdir. Bu q\u0259rarlar\u0131n mahiyy\u0259tind\u0259 t\u00fcrkl\u0259rin t\u0259hsil almalar\u0131na, milli m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259tl\u0259rinin inki\u015faf\u0131na, sosial h\u0259yat quruculu\u011funa m\u0259hdudiyy\u0259tl\u0259rin t\u0259tbiqi m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259ri \u00f6z \u0259ksini tapm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r [4]. \u00d6lk\u0259d\u0259 b\u00fct\u00fcn t\u00fcrk m\u0259kt\u0259bl\u0259ri ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015f v\u0259 bununla yana\u015f\u0131, Bolqar\u0131stan h\u00f6kum\u0259ti yaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131lar v\u0259 q\u0259zet, jurnal redaktorlar\u0131 qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda x\u00fcsusi t\u0259l\u0259b qoymu\u015fdur ki, m\u0259tbuatda v\u0259 yarad\u0131c\u0131l\u0131q prosesind\u0259 says\u0131z-hesabs\u0131z t\u00fcrk s\u00f6zl\u0259ri bolqar v\u0259 rus s\u00f6zl\u0259ri il\u0259 \u0259v\u0259z edilsin. Bunun \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn h\u0259tta \u0259v\u0259zl\u0259n\u0259c\u0259k s\u00f6zl\u0259rin siyah\u0131s\u0131 haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. H\u0259min qaydalar\u0131 pozan yaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131 v\u0259 redaktorlar \u00e7\u0259zaland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r v\u0259 b\u00fct\u00fcn materiallara qar\u015f\u0131 s\u0259rt senzura t\u0259tbiq edilirdi [7].<\/p>\n<p>Bolqar\u0131stan kommunistl\u0259ri faktiki olaraq t\u00fcrk \u0259halisini \u201cbolqarla\u015fd\u0131rmaq\u201d m\u0259qs\u0259dini g\u00fcd\u00fcrd\u00fc. Bu siyasi x\u0259tt getdikc\u0259 s\u0259rtl\u0259\u015fmi\u015f v\u0259 1971-ci il konstitusiyas\u0131n\u0131n qeyri-demokratik madd\u0259l\u0259ri il\u0259 qanunil\u0259\u015fdirilmi\u015fdir. Bolqar\u0131standa ya\u015fayan b\u00fct\u00fcn etnik azl\u0131qlar\u0131n h\u00fcquqlar\u0131 tamamil\u0259 tapdalanm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Bu azm\u0131\u015f kimi 1984-c\u00fc ild\u0259 bolqar h\u00f6kum\u0259ti m\u0259cburi \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 t\u00fcrk v\u0259t\u0259nda\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n adlar\u0131n\u0131n d\u0259yi\u015fdirilm\u0259si v\u0259 onlar\u0131n m\u0259cburi qaydada bolqar ad v\u0259 soyad almalar\u0131 haqq\u0131nda q\u0259rar q\u0259bul etmi\u015fdir [11]. Bu qeyri-insani f\u0259aliyy\u0259t t\u00fcrk \u0259halisi aras\u0131nda b\u00f6y\u00fck naraz\u0131l\u0131q do\u011furmu\u015fdur. Y\u00fcz minl\u0259rl\u0259 Bolqar\u0131stan t\u00fcrk\u00fc \u00f6lk\u0259d\u0259n k\u00f6\u00e7 etm\u0259y\u0259 m\u0259cbur olmu\u015f v\u0259 bunun n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 300 000 &#8211; 400 000 t\u00fcrk v\u0259t\u0259nda\u015f\u0131 s\u0259rh\u0259d qap\u0131lar\u0131na ax\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f v\u0259 T\u00fcrkiy\u0259d\u0259 s\u0131\u011f\u0131nacaq tapm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>H\u00f6kum\u0259t t\u00fcrk dilind\u0259n ictimai yerl\u0259rd\u0259 istifad\u0259 edilm\u0259sin\u0259 qada\u011fa qoymu\u015f, bu qaydan\u0131 pozanlara qar\u015f\u0131 b\u00f6y\u00fck m\u0259bl\u0259\u011fd\u0259 c\u0259rim\u0259 t\u0259tbiq etmi\u015fdir. \u00d6lk\u0259 \u00fczr\u0259 milli t\u00fcrk ad\u0259t-\u0259n\u0259n\u0259l\u0259ri tamamil\u0259 yasaqlanm\u0131\u015f, dini ibad\u0259t qada\u011fan edilmi\u015fdir.<\/p>\n<p>Bolqar\u0131stan\u0131n kommunist hakimiyy\u0259ti h\u0259r f\u00fcrs\u0259td\u0259n istifad\u0259 ed\u0259r\u0259k t\u00fcrk \u0259halisinin assimilyasiya olmas\u0131na \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r, milli kimliyini unutdurmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn b\u00fct\u00fcn vasit\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259n istifad\u0259 edirdi. Bu m\u0259qs\u0259dl\u0259 x\u00fcsusi t\u0259l\u0259bl\u0259r \u0259sas\u0131nda m\u0259tbuatda v\u0259 b\u00fct\u00f6vl\u00fckd\u0259 \u00e7ap m\u0259hsullar\u0131nda t\u00fcrk s\u00f6zl\u0259ri bolqar ifad\u0259l\u0259ri il\u0259 \u0259v\u0259z olunur, t\u00fcrk \u0259halisin\u0259 ana dilind\u0259n istifad\u0259 edilm\u0259sin\u0259 mane\u0259l\u0259r yarad\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. \u201cYeni hayat &#8211; Nov jivot\u201d jurnal\u0131nda d\u0259rc olunan materiallar\u0131n 70 faizi bolqar dilind\u0259, 30 faizi t\u00fcrkc\u0259 verilirdi. Bolqarla\u015fd\u0131rma siyas\u0259tinin n\u0259tic\u0259si olaraq bu jurnal 1985-ci ild\u0259n tamamil\u0259 bolqar dilind\u0259 \u00e7ap olunurdu, \u00fcst\u0259lik h\u0259r n\u00f6mr\u0259sind\u0259 bolqar olman\u0131n n\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r b\u00f6y\u00fck \u015f\u0259r\u0259f oldu\u011fu t\u0259bli\u011f olunurdu.<\/p>\n<p>Bolqar\u0131standa kommunistl\u0259rin hakimiyy\u0259td\u0259 oldu\u011fu d\u00f6vrd\u0259 (1944-1990) t\u00fcrk \u0259halisin\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 assimilyasiya siyas\u0259ti b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00f6lk\u0259 \u00fczr\u0259 durmadan h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irilirdi. B\u00f6lg\u0259 m\u0259rk\u0259zl\u0259rind\u0259 n\u0259\u015fr olunan q\u0259zet v\u0259 jurnallar h\u00f6kum\u0259tin bu \u0259m\u0259ll\u0259rini yerl\u0259rd\u0259 davam etdirirdi.<\/p>\n<p>Qeyd etm\u0259k laz\u0131md\u0131r ki, kommunistl\u0259rin hakimiyy\u0259t\u0259 g\u0259ldikl\u0259ri ilk d\u00f6vrl\u0259rd\u0259 b\u0259zi rayon m\u0259rk\u0259zl\u0259rind\u0259 bolqar dilind\u0259 \u00e7\u0131xan q\u0259zetl\u0259rin bir ne\u00e7\u0259 s\u0259hif\u0259si t\u00fcrkc\u0259 \u00e7ap olunurdu. Zaman ke\u00e7dikc\u0259 bunlar\u0131n b\u0259zil\u0259ri ayr\u0131ca olaraq t\u00fcrk dilind\u0259 n\u0259\u015fr olunan q\u0259zetl\u0259r\u0259 \u00e7evrimi\u015fdi. Bunlardan \u015eumnuda \u201cKolarovgrat sava\u015f\u0131\u201d (1951-1956), Rus\u00e7ukda \u201cTuna ger\u00e7egi\u201d (1955-1959), Varnada \u201cStalin bayra\u011f\u0131\u201d (1956-1959), Hask\u00f6yd\u0259 \u201cRodop m\u00fccadilesi\u201d kimi q\u0259zetl\u0259ri qeyd etm\u0259k olar. Bu q\u0259zetl\u0259rin t\u00fcrk dilind\u0259 n\u0259\u015fr olunmas\u0131 haqq\u0131nda q\u0259rar\u0131 Bolqar\u0131stan KP Siyasi B\u00fcrosu t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n 1954-c\u00fc ild\u0259 verilmi\u015fdir. Qeyd olunan q\u0259zetl\u0259r sonrak\u0131 ill\u0259rd\u0259 hakim partiyan\u0131n siyasi \u015f\u0259rtl\u0259rin\u0259 uy\u011fun olaraq m\u00fcxt\u0259lif adlarla n\u0259\u015fr olunmu\u015fdur.<\/p>\n<p>Bununla bel\u0259, h\u0259min yerli q\u0259zetl\u0259r d\u0259 uzun\u00f6m\u00fcrl\u00fc olmam\u0131\u015fd\u0131. T\u00fcrk m\u0259kt\u0259bl\u0259rinin ba\u011flanmas\u0131 il\u0259 yana\u015f\u0131, \u0259ks\u0259r q\u0259zetl\u0259rin d\u0259 n\u0259\u015frin\u0259 son verilmi\u015fdir. 1960-c\u0131 ild\u0259 Bolqar\u0131stan h\u00f6kum\u0259tinin t\u00fcrk v\u0259t\u0259nda\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n adlar\u0131n\u0131n d\u0259yi\u015fdirilm\u0259si haqq\u0131nda q\u0259rar\u0131 t\u00fcrk \u0259halisinin durumunu \u00e7\u0259tinl\u0259\u015fdirmi\u015f v\u0259 bu v\u0259ziyy\u0259t yerli \u0259halinin s\u0259rt t\u0259pkisin\u0259, etiraz\u0131na s\u0259b\u0259b olmu\u015fdur. Onlar T\u00fcrkiy\u0259 s\u0259firliyin\u0259 \u0259riz\u0259 il\u0259 m\u00fcraci\u0259t etmi\u015f, k\u00fctl\u0259vi \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 Bolqar\u0131standan k\u00f6\u00e7m\u0259k ist\u0259dikl\u0259rini bildirmi\u015fdil\u0259r. \u0130lkin vaxtlar Kommunist Partiyas\u0131n\u0131n r\u0259hb\u0259rliyi t\u00fcrk \u0259halisinin ciddi etiraz\u0131 qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda geri \u00e7\u0259kilm\u0259y\u0259 m\u0259cbur olmu\u015f v\u0259 q\u0259bul etdiyi q\u0259rar\u0131 l\u0259\u011fv etmi\u015fdir. M\u0259tbuata qar\u015f\u0131 az da olsa m\u00fclayim m\u00fcnasib\u0259t b\u0259sl\u0259nmi\u015fdir. Q\u0259zet v\u0259 jurnallarda bolqar k\u0259lm\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259n v\u0259 s\u00f6zl\u0259rind\u0259n istifad\u0259 etm\u0259k t\u0259zyiqi aradan qald\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. H\u00f6kum\u0259t h\u0259tta t\u00fcrk dilind\u0259 t\u0259hsilin b\u0259rpa edilm\u0259si v\u0259dini d\u0259 verm\u0259li olmu\u015fdur.<\/p>\n<p>\u018fvv\u0259ll\u0259r n\u0259\u015fri dayand\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f b\u0259zi q\u0259zetl\u0259r 1964-1965-ci ill\u0259rd\u0259 yenid\u0259n yay\u0131mlanma\u011fa ba\u015flam\u0131\u015fd\u0131r: \u018fskicum\u0259d\u0259 \u201cKommunizm bayra\u011f\u0131\u201d (1964), Silistr\u0259d\u0259 \u201cZiya\u201d (1965), Razqradda \u201cDostluq\u201d, Varnada \u201cHalk davas\u0131\u201d (1965), Kolarovqradda \u201cKolarovqrat sava\u015f\u0131\u201d (1966) v\u0259 s. K\u0131rcal\u0131da \u00e7ap olunma\u011fa ba\u015flayan \u201cYeni h\u0259yat\u201d q\u0259zeti 1974-c\u00fc il\u0259d\u0259k varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 qoruyub saxlam\u0131\u015fd\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Amma kommunist r\u0259hb\u0259rliyinin t\u00fcrk \u0259halisin\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 g\u00f6st\u0259rdiyi bu m\u00fclayiml\u0259\u015fm\u0259 siyas\u0259ti \u00e7ox q\u0131sa vaxt \u0259rzind\u0259 \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6st\u0259rmi\u015fdir. 1970-ci ill\u0259rin \u0259vv\u0259ll\u0259rind\u0259n ba\u015flayaraq Bolqar\u0131standa t\u00fcrk v\u0259t\u0259nda\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6z adlar\u0131n\u0131 d\u0259yi\u015fdirm\u0259y\u0259 yenid\u0259n m\u0259cbur etm\u0259y\u0259 ba\u015flad\u0131lar [14]. T\u00fcrk \u0259halisinin etiraz\u0131na cavab olaraq h\u00f6kum\u0259t q\u00fcvv\u0259l\u0259ri amans\u0131z davrand\u0131lar v\u0259 n\u0259tic\u0259d\u0259 qanl\u0131 hadis\u0259l\u0259r ba\u015f verdi. Belene \u00f6l\u00fcm d\u00fc\u015f\u0259rg\u0259si, h\u0259bsxanalar t\u00fcrk \u0259silli insanlarla a\u015f\u0131b-da\u015f\u0131rd\u0131. Yar\u0131 t\u00fcrkc\u0259 &#8211; yar\u0131 bolqarca n\u0259\u015fr olunan \u201cYeni \u0131\u015f\u0131k&#8221; (Nova svetlina\u201d) q\u0259zetind\u0259n v\u0259 \u201cYeni hayat&#8221; (&#8220;Nov jivot\u201d jurnal\u0131ndan ba\u015fqa b\u00fct\u00fcn t\u00fcrk m\u0259tbuat orqanlar\u0131n\u0131n f\u0259aliyy\u0259ti dayand\u0131l\u0131m\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. 1985-ci ild\u0259n sonra qeyd olunan bu n\u0259\u015frl\u0259rin t\u00fcrkc\u0259 \u00e7\u0131xan s\u0259hif\u0259l\u0259ri d\u0259 l\u0259\u011fv edilmi\u015fdir, onlar art\u0131q yaln\u0131z bolqar dilind\u0259 \u00e7ap olunurdu.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ol start=\"3\">\n<li><strong> Sosialist sisteminin iflas\u0131 v\u0259 <\/strong><strong>Bolqar\u0131stan t\u00fcrkl\u0259rinin milli dir\u00e7\u0259li\u015fi<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>1980-ci ill\u0259rin sonlar\u0131nda \u015e\u0259rqi Avropa \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 m\u00fc\u015fahid\u0259 olunan ictimai-siyasi d\u0259yi\u015fiklikl\u0259r Bolqar\u0131stan t\u00fcrkl\u0259rinin h\u0259yat\u0131na birba\u015fa t\u0259sir etm\u0259y\u0259 ba\u015flam\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Sovet \u0130ttifaq\u0131nda ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f \u201cyenid\u0259nqurma\u201d siyas\u0259ti n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 kommunist rejiml\u0259rinin dayaqlar\u0131 sars\u0131lm\u0131\u015f v\u0259 bu \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259r \u00f6z mahiyy\u0259tini azad d\u00fcnyaya a\u00e7ma\u011fa m\u0259cbur olmu\u015flar. T\u00fcrkiy\u0259 h\u00f6kum\u0259ti Bolqar\u0131standa t\u00fcrkl\u0259rin \u00fczl\u0259\u015fdiyi faci\u0259vi m\u0259hrumiyy\u0259tl\u0259rl\u0259 \u0259laq\u0259dar BMT, Avropa \u015euras\u0131, \u0130slam Konfrans\u0131 T\u0259\u015fkilat\u0131 v\u0259 Avropa Parlamentind\u0259 ard\u0131c\u0131l olaraq m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259r qald\u0131rm\u0131\u015f v\u0259 onlar\u0131n m\u00fczakir\u0259sin\u0259 nail olmu\u015fdur. N\u0259tic\u0259d\u0259 NATO v\u0259 AB\u015e Bolqar\u0131standa t\u00fcrkl\u0259rin d\u00f6z\u00fclm\u0259z v\u0259ziyy\u0259tin\u0259 dair siyasi b\u0259yanat q\u0259bul etm\u0259li olmu\u015fdular v\u0259 yaranm\u0131\u015f v\u0259ziyy\u0259ti qeyri-insani \u015f\u0259rait kimi d\u0259y\u0259rl\u0259ndirib, k\u00fctl\u0259vi \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 insan h\u00fcquqlar\u0131n\u0131n pozulmas\u0131n\u0131n qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n al\u0131nmas\u0131na s\u0259sl\u0259mi\u015fdir.<\/p>\n<p>1989-cu ild\u0259 Bolqar\u0131standa kommunist rejimi devrilmi\u015f v\u0259 q\u0131sa m\u00fcdd\u0259t \u0259rzind\u0259 x\u00fcsusi q\u0259rarla t\u00fcrkl\u0259rin \u0259vv\u0259lki ad v\u0259 soyadlar\u0131n\u0131n q\u0259bul edilm\u0259sin\u0259 icaz\u0259 verilmi\u015fdir. Bir il \u0259rzind\u0259 600.000 Bolqar\u0131stan t\u00fcrk\u00fc bu m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259 il\u0259 \u0259laq\u0259dar h\u00f6kum\u0259t idar\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 m\u00fcraci\u0259t etmi\u015fdir [12]. T\u00fcrkiy\u0259y\u0259 m\u00fchacir\u0259t etmi\u015f t\u00fcrkl\u0259rin 150.000-d\u0259n \u00e7ox hiss\u0259si geriy\u0259 d\u00f6nm\u00fc\u015fd\u00fcr. 1991-ci il konstitusiyas\u0131na uy\u011fun olaraq t\u00fcrkl\u0259r\u0259 v\u0259 ba\u015fqa milli azl\u0131qlara geni\u015f h\u00fcquqlar verilmi\u015f v\u0259 \u00f6z milli m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259tl\u0259rini inki\u015faf etdirm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn z\u0259man\u0259t verilmi\u015fdir.<\/p>\n<p>Bolqar\u0131stan\u0131n Sovet \u0130ttifaq\u0131n\u0131n t\u0259sir dair\u0259sind\u0259n \u00e7\u0131xmas\u0131ndan sonra \u00f6lk\u0259d\u0259 k\u00f6kl\u00fc demokratikl\u0259\u015fm\u0259 prosesi m\u00fc\u015fahid\u0259 olunurdu v\u0259 bunun \u00f6n\u00fcnd\u0259, s\u00f6zs\u00fcz ki, media v\u0259 jurnalistika gedirdi. Bolqar\u0131stan t\u00fcrkl\u0259rinin yaratd\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201cH\u00fcquq v\u0259 azadl\u0131qlar u\u011frunda h\u0259r\u0259kat\u201d\u0131n [6] m\u0259tbuat orqan\u0131 kimi \u201cHak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck\u201d q\u0259zeti n\u0259\u015fr olunma\u011fa ba\u015flam\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Q\u0259zetin n\u00fcmun\u0259 olaraq \u00e7ap olunan n\u00fcsx\u0259si 1990-c\u0131 ilin dekabr ay\u0131nda i\u015f\u0131q \u00fcz\u00fc g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015fd\u00fcr. Q\u0259zetd\u0259 \u201cDemokratiya v\u0259 milli v\u0259zif\u0259l\u0259r\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131ql\u0131 \u018fhm\u0259d Do\u011fan\u0131n m\u0259qal\u0259si d\u0259rc olunmu\u015fdur.<\/p>\n<p>Sistemli olaraq \u201cHak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck\u201d q\u0259zeti 1991-ci ilin fevral ay\u0131ndan n\u0259\u015fr olunma\u011fa ba\u015flam\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Q\u0259zet 16 s\u0259hif\u0259d\u0259 t\u00fcrk dilind\u0259 \u00e7\u0131x\u0131rd\u0131. Bu n\u0259\u015fr \u201cPrava i svobidi\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 il\u0259 bolqar dilind\u0259 d\u0259 yay\u0131mlan\u0131rd\u0131. \u201cHak v\u0259 \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck\u201d sonralar 8 s\u0259hif\u0259 h\u0259cmind\u0259 \u00f6z n\u0259\u015frini davam etdirdi, amma maliyy\u0259 \u00e7\u0259tinlikl\u0259rli il\u0259 \u0259laq\u0259dar ilk d\u0259f\u0259 1994-c\u00fc ild\u0259, sonra is\u0259 1996-c\u0131 ild\u0259 bir m\u00fcdd\u0259t \u00f6z n\u0259\u015frini dayand\u0131rmal\u0131 olmu\u015fdur. Sonralar n\u0259\u015frini b\u0259rpa ets\u0259 d\u0259, q\u0259zet 1998-ci ild\u0259 \u00f6z yay\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 tamam\u0259n dayand\u0131rm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r [5].<\/p>\n<p>\u201cHak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck\u201d q\u0259zeti Bolqar\u0131stan t\u00fcrkl\u0259rini maraqland\u0131ran b\u00fct\u00fcn ciddi iqtisadi, siyasi, sosial probleml\u0259ri i\u015f\u0131qland\u0131r\u0131r, oxucular\u0131 daxili v\u0259 xarici x\u0259b\u0259rl\u0259rl\u0259 tan\u0131\u015f edir, etnik azl\u0131qlar\u0131n h\u00fcquqlar\u0131n\u0131 m\u00fcdafi\u0259 edirdi. Q\u0259zet t\u00fcrk \u0259halisinin din, dil, t\u0259hsil, ad\u0259t-\u0259n\u0259n\u0259, ibad\u0259t, b\u00fct\u00f6vl\u00fckd\u0259 m\u0259d\u0259ni v\u0259 ictimai probleml\u0259rini m\u00fczakir\u0259y\u0259 \u00e7\u0131xar\u0131r v\u0259 onlar\u0131n h\u0259llinin vacibliyini vur\u011fulay\u0131rd\u0131. Eyni zamanda q\u0259zet oxucular\u0131n\u0131 T\u00fcrkiy\u0259d\u0259 v\u0259 b\u00fct\u00fcn t\u00fcrk d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda ba\u015f ver\u0259n hadis\u0259l\u0259rl\u0259 tan\u0131\u015f edir, onlarda h\u0259mr\u0259ylik hissi formala\u015fd\u0131rma\u011fa \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>Demokratik h\u0259r\u0259kat dal\u011fas\u0131nda Bolqar\u0131stan t\u00fcrkl\u0259rinin ana dilind\u0259 t\u0259hsil almaq h\u00fcququnun ger\u00e7\u0259kl\u0259\u015fdirilm\u0259si m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259si ictimai g\u00fcnd\u0259m\u0259 g\u0259tirilmi\u015fdi. Apar\u0131c\u0131 t\u00fcrk siyas\u0259t\u00e7il\u0259ri bolqar m\u0259kt\u0259bl\u0259rind\u0259 oxuyan t\u00fcrk u\u015faqlar\u0131n\u0131n ayr\u0131ca bir f\u0259nn kimi ana dili d\u0259rsinin t\u0259dris proqram\u0131na sal\u0131nmas\u0131na \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rd\u0131lar. M\u0259lum oldu\u011fu kimi 1959\/60-c\u0131 t\u0259dris ilind\u0259n ba\u015flayaraq Bolqar\u0131standa t\u00fcrk dilind\u0259 olan b\u00fct\u00fcn m\u0259kt\u0259bl\u0259r ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015f v\u0259 bundan sonra he\u00e7 bir t\u00fcrk m\u0259kt\u0259bi a\u00e7\u0131lmam\u0131\u015fd\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cH\u00fcquq v\u0259 azadl\u0131qlar u\u011frunda h\u0259r\u0259kat\u201d\u0131n t\u0259msil\u00e7il\u0259ri ilk n\u00f6vb\u0259d\u0259 t\u00fcrk dilinin t\u0259drisi m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259sini \u00f6lk\u0259 parlamentinin g\u00fcnd\u0259min\u0259 da\u015f\u0131ya bildil\u0259r v\u0259 n\u0259tic\u0259 olaraq b\u0259zi m\u0259kt\u0259bl\u0259rd\u0259 s\u0259rb\u0259st se\u00e7m\u0259 f\u0259nn kimi t\u00fcrk dilinin t\u0259dris olunmas\u0131 h\u00fcququna nail oldular. Bu partiyan\u0131n t\u0259\u015fkilat\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 v\u0259 r\u0259hb\u0259rliyi il\u0259 h\u0259r bir sinif \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn t\u00fcrk dili d\u0259rsliyi haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>At\u0131lan add\u0131mlar\u0131 daha da inki\u015faf etdirm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn yeni demokratik \u015f\u0259rait\u0259 uy\u011fun olaraq bir u\u015faq v\u0259 yeniyetm\u0259 q\u0259zetinin yarad\u0131lmas\u0131na b\u00f6y\u00fck ehtiyac duyulurdu. \u201cHak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck\u201d q\u0259zetinin be\u015finci say\u0131ndan ba\u015flayaraq ona \u0259lav\u0259 kimi \u201cFiliz\u201d s\u0259hif\u0259si \u00e7ap olunma\u011fa ba\u015flad\u0131, sonralar is\u0259 eyni adda m\u00fcst\u0259qil u\u015faq q\u0259zeti kimi \u00f6z yay\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 davam etdirmi\u015fdir. \u201cFiliz\u201d q\u0259zeti m\u00fcst\u0259qil olaraq \u00f6z f\u0259aliyy\u0259tin\u0259 1992-ci ild\u0259n ba\u015flam\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Maliyy\u0259 \u00e7\u0259tinliyi ucbat\u0131ndan q\u0259zetin n\u0259\u015frin\u0259 b\u0259z\u0259n ara verilmi\u015fdir, amma 1996-c\u0131 ilin dekabr ay\u0131ndan \u201cFiliz\u201d ayda iki d\u0259f\u0259 \u00e7\u0131xmaqla \u00f6z n\u0259\u015frini indiy\u0259d\u0259k davam etdirir. Haz\u0131rda bu q\u0259zet \u201cFiliz V\u0259kfi\u201dnin n\u0259\u015fri kimi yay\u0131mlanmakdad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>\u00d6lk\u0259nin siyasi h\u0259yat\u0131nda ba\u015f ver\u0259n d\u0259yi\u015fiklikl\u0259rl\u0259 ayaqla\u015fma\u011fa \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan q\u0259zetl\u0259rd\u0259n biri d\u0259 \u201cI\u015f\u0131k-Svetlina\u201d oldu. Q\u0259zet 1991-ci ilin \u0259vv\u0259ll\u0259rind\u0259n \u00e7\u0131xma\u011fa ba\u015flam\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. N\u0259\u015fr t\u00fcrk \u0259halisinin h\u00fcquqlar\u0131n\u0131 m\u00fcdafi\u0259 edir, ciddi siyasi m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259ri g\u00fcnd\u0259m\u0259 da\u015f\u0131y\u0131rd\u0131. N\u0259z\u0259r\u0259 almaq laz\u0131md\u0131r ki, eyni adda \u0259vv\u0259ll\u0259r d\u0259 bel\u0259 bir q\u0259zet n\u0259\u015fr olunurdu. Oxucular\u0131n b\u00f6y\u00fck hiss\u0259si yeni \u201cI\u015f\u0131k-Svetlina\u201dn\u0131 \u0259vv\u0259lkinin davam\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 hesab edirdi, halbuki, bunlar\u0131n aras\u0131nda he\u00e7 bir ba\u011flant\u0131 yox idi v\u0259 tamamil\u0259 f\u0259rqli n\u0259\u015fr\u0259r idi. Amma oxucular bu yeni n\u0259\u015fr\u0259 he\u00e7 c\u00fcr al\u0131\u015fa bilm\u0259dil\u0259r. Onlar\u0131n etimad\u0131n\u0131 qazanmaq m\u0259qs\u0259dil\u0259 \u201cI\u015f\u0131k-Svetlina\u201d ad\u0131n\u0131 d\u0259yi\u015fm\u0259li oldu, amma he\u00e7 bir m\u00fcsb\u0259t n\u0259tic\u0259 \u0259ld\u0259 edilm\u0259di v\u0259 n\u0259tic\u0259d\u0259 ba\u011fland\u0131. Bu n\u0259\u015frl\u0259 m\u00fcqayis\u0259d\u0259 \u201cHak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck\u201d q\u0259zeti daha oxunaql\u0131 v\u0259 n\u00fcfuzlu m\u0259tbu orqan hesab olunurdu.<\/p>\n<p>\u201c\u0130\u015f\u0131k-Svetlina\u201d q\u0259zeti ba\u011fland\u0131qdan sonra 1992-ci ilin aprel ay\u0131ndan \u201cG\u00fcven-Doveriye\u201d q\u0259zeti \u00e7\u0131xma\u011fa ba\u015flad\u0131. Bu q\u0259zet bir m\u00fcdd\u0259t \u201c\u0130\u015f\u0131k-Svetlina\u201d n\u0259\u015frinin t\u00fcrkc\u0259-bolqarca \u00e7ap olunan yaz\u0131lar\u0131na b\u0259nz\u0259r t\u0259rtibat formas\u0131ndan istifad\u0259 etdi. \u201cG\u00fcv\u0259n-Doveriye\u201d parallel olaraq h\u0259m d\u0259 u\u015faqlar \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u201cC\u0131rc\u0131r-\u015eturets\u201d \u0259lav\u0259sini n\u0259\u015fr etdirdi. H\u0259min \u0259lav\u0259 d\u0259 iki dild\u0259 yay\u0131mlan\u0131rd\u0131. 1996-c\u0131 ild\u0259 q\u0259zetin n\u0259\u015fri dayanm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Bolqar\u0131standa 1994-c\u00fc ild\u0259 u\u015faqlar \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u201cBalon\u201d adl\u0131 jurnal n\u0259\u015fr olunma\u011fa ba\u015flam\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Ayl\u0131q jurnal olmas\u0131na baxmayaraq bu n\u0259\u015fr b\u0259z\u0259n \u00f6z d\u00f6vriliyini qorumaqda \u00e7\u0259tinlik \u00e7\u0259kirdi. \u0130lkin saylar\u0131 32 s\u0259hif\u0259d\u0259 \u00e7ap olunurdu, sonralar jurnal\u0131n h\u0259cmi h\u0259tta 48 s\u0259hif\u0259y\u0259 \u00e7atm\u0131\u015fd\u0131. On ild\u0259n art\u0131q bir m\u00fcdd\u0259td\u0259 n\u0259\u015fr olunan bu jurnal\u0131n na\u015firi Kaz\u0131m Memi\u015f olmu\u015fdur. Sonralar jurnal \u00f6z yay\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 dayand\u0131rm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Bundan sonra Kaz\u0131m Memi\u015f g\u0259ncl\u0259r \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u201cG\u00f6n\u00fcl\u201d adl\u0131 bir jurnal da n\u0259\u015fr etm\u0259y\u0259 ba\u015flam\u0131\u015fd\u0131r, amma t\u0259\u0259ss\u00fcfl\u0259r olsun ki, bu n\u0259\u015frin \u00f6mr\u00fc uzun olmam\u0131\u015fd\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>1995-ci ilin iyun ay\u0131ndan ba\u015flayaraq Bolqar\u0131stan\u0131n paytaxt\u0131 Sofyada 48 s\u0259hif\u0259lik maarifl\u0259ndirici jurnal olan \u201c\u00dcmit\u201d i\u015f\u0131q \u00fcz\u00fc g\u00f6rd\u00fc. Jurnal ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u201cayl\u0131q m\u0259d\u0259ni v\u0259 t\u0259hsil jurnal\u0131\u201d ifad\u0259si il\u0259 \u00e7ap olunurdu. \u201c\u00dcmit\u201d jurnal\u0131n\u0131n birinci say\u0131nda vur\u011fulan\u0131rd\u0131 ki, bu n\u0259\u015fr Balkan T\u0259hsil v\u0259 M\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259t V\u0259kfi t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n yay\u0131mlan\u0131r. H\u0259m v\u0259kfin, h\u0259m d\u0259 jurnal\u0131n \u0259sas m\u0259qs\u0259di \u201cyeddid\u0259n yetmi\u015f\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r olan insanlar\u0131m\u0131z aras\u0131nda t\u0259hsil v\u0259zif\u0259sini y\u00fcr\u00fctm\u0259k, m\u0259d\u0259ni d\u0259y\u0259rl\u0259ri yaymaq olacaqd\u0131r\u2026 Amac\u0131m\u0131z son 50 ilin m\u0259n\u0259vi h\u0259yat\u0131m\u0131za g\u0259tirdiyi t\u0259xribat\u0131 aradan qald\u0131rmaq, insanlara \u00f6z kimliyini, m\u0259nliyini tapmaqda yard\u0131m\u00e7\u0131 olmaq, totalitarizmin, materializmin yaratd\u0131\u011f\u0131 bo\u015flu\u011fu doldurmaq, unudulmu\u015f, a\u015f\u0131nmaya m\u0259ruz qalm\u0131\u015f inanclar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 canland\u0131rmaq v\u0259 t\u0259z\u0259l\u0259yib d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnc\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 yerl\u0259\u015fdirm\u0259kdir. \u201c\u00dcmit\u201d jurnal\u0131 tamamil\u0259 t\u0259r\u0259fsiz, b\u00fct\u00fcn partiyalardan eyni m\u0259saf\u0259d\u0259 olmaqla yana\u015f\u0131, b\u00fct\u00fcn ideoloji istiqam\u0259tl\u0259rd\u0259n k\u0259nar ayl\u0131q bir m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259t d\u0259rgisi olacakd\u0131r. Dedi-qodudan, da\u011f\u0131d\u0131c\u0131l\u0131q fikirl\u0259rind\u0259n, b\u00f6l\u00fcc\u00fcl\u00fckd\u0259n uzaq olaca\u011f\u0131q. \u018fksin\u0259 birl\u0259\u015fdirici, toparlay\u0131c\u0131 olma\u011fa \u00e7al\u0131\u015faca\u011f\u0131q\u2026 Bel\u0259 m\u0259qs\u0259dl\u0259rl\u0259 v\u0259 g\u00f6z\u0259l niyy\u0259tl\u0259rl\u0259 yola \u00e7\u0131xan jurnal\u0131m\u0131z oxucular t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n sevincl\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131lanma\u011f\u0131na inan\u0131r\u0131q\u201d [5]. Ara\u015fd\u0131rma\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n qeyd etdiyi kimi, \u201c\u00dcmit\u201d \u00f6z yolunu tapm\u0131\u015f bir jurnal idi.<\/p>\n<p>T\u00fcrkiy\u0259d\u0259 yerl\u0259\u015f\u0259n \u201cZaman\u201d q\u0259zeti bir \u00e7ox \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 oldu\u011fu kimi Bolqar\u0131standa da yay\u0131mlan\u0131rd\u0131. Q\u0259zet 1992-ci ilin dekabr ay\u0131ndan Sofyada \u00e7\u0131xma\u011fa ba\u015flam\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Bu q\u0259zet t\u00fcrk dilind\u0259 n\u0259\u015fr olunan ba\u015fqa m\u0259tbu orqanlar\u0131 \u00e7\u0131xmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 vaxtlarda v\u0259 h\u0259m\u00e7inin ucuz oldu\u011fu \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn geni\u015f oxucu auditoriyas\u0131 \u0259ld\u0259 ed\u0259 bilmi\u015fdir. \u201cZaman-Bolqar\u0131stan\u201d q\u0259zeti yerli \u0259haliy\u0259 t\u00fcrk d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda ba\u015f ver\u0259n hadis\u0259l\u0259r haqq\u0131nda ard\u0131c\u0131l olaraq m\u0259lumat verir v\u0259 b\u00fct\u00f6vl\u00fckd\u0259 milli t\u0259\u0259ss\u00fcbke\u015flik probleml\u0259rin\u0259 dair materiallarla \u00e7\u0131x\u0131\u015f edirdi. Q\u0259zet h\u0259ft\u0259d\u0259 bir d\u0259f\u0259 &#8211; c\u00fcm\u0259 ax\u015fam\u0131 \u00e7\u0131x\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cM\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u201d q\u0259zeti Bolqar\u0131stan Respublikas\u0131 Ba\u015fm\u00fcftiliyinin m\u0259tbu orqan\u0131 olaraq 1990-c\u0131 ild\u0259n t\u00fcrk v\u0259 bolqar dilind\u0259 n\u0259\u015fr olunurdu. 1995-ci ild\u0259 \u00f6lk\u0259d\u0259 ikinci Ba\u015fm\u00fcftilik \u0130dar\u0259sinin yaranmas\u0131 il\u0259 \u0259laq\u0259dar c\u0259miyy\u0259td\u0259 ictimai dart\u0131\u015fma m\u00fc\u015fahid\u0259 olunmu\u015fdur. Ke\u00e7mi\u015f Bolqar\u0131stan Sosialist Partiyas\u0131n\u0131n hakimiyy\u0259t\u0259 g\u0259lm\u0259si il\u0259 \u0259laq\u0259dar Nedin Gencev \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc Ali Dini \u015euran\u0131n r\u0259hb\u0259ri v\u0259 Ba\u015fm\u00fcfti elan etmi\u015fdi. Maraql\u0131d\u0131r ki, \u201cM\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u201d q\u0259zeti eyni adla iki Ba\u015fm\u00fcftilik t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n iki f\u0259rqli n\u0259\u015fr kimi yay\u0131mlan\u0131rd\u0131. \u018fvv\u0259lki Ba\u015fm\u00fcftilik q\u0259zeti \u201cqara\u201d \u201cM\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u201d, yeni Ba\u015fm\u00fcftilik is\u0259 \u201cya\u015f\u0131l\u201d \u201cM\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u201d adland\u0131r\u0131rd\u0131. H\u0259r iki n\u0259\u015fr he\u00e7 bir maliyy\u0259 s\u0131x\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131 olmadan \u00e7ap olunurdu.<\/p>\n<p>2000-ci ild\u0259 tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f Bolqar\u0131stan t\u00fcrk ziyal\u0131s\u0131, \u015fairi, publisisti v\u0259 t\u0259dqiqat\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 S\u0259bri Alag\u00f6z \u201cKaynak\u201d adl\u0131 g\u00f6z\u0259l bir jurnal t\u0259sis etmi\u015fdir. Jurnal\u0131n \u0259sas qay\u0259si t\u00fcrk tarixini, m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259tini, \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131n\u0131 v\u0259 inc\u0259s\u0259nitini t\u0259bli\u011f etm\u0259k idi. Sabri Alag\u00f6z jurnal\u0131n v\u0259zif\u0259l\u0259rini bu c\u00fcr dil\u0259 g\u0259tirmi\u015fdir: \u201cBolqar\u0131stan t\u00fcrkl\u0259ri b\u00f6y\u00fck tarixi d\u0259y\u0259rl\u0259r\u0259 sahibdirl\u0259r, onlar\u0131n ke\u00e7mi\u015fini, bug\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fc v\u0259 sabah\u0131n\u0131 d\u0259rk etm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn, bundan z\u00f6vq almaq niyy\u0259til\u0259\u2026 oxucular\u0131m\u0131za \u201cKaynak\u201d ad\u0131 verdiyimiz jurnal\u0131n birinci say\u0131n\u0131 t\u0259qdim edirik. Jurnal\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n yegan\u0259 m\u0259qs\u0259di xalq\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n i\u00e7in\u0259 getm\u0259k, ana dilimizi, m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259timizi Siz\u0259 t\u0259qdim etm\u0259kdir. \u00c7\u00fcnki varl\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc ya\u015fadan \u00f6z m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259timizdir. \u00d6z m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259tind\u0259n qopan n\u0259 mill\u0259tin\u0259, n\u0259 d\u0259 d\u00f6vl\u0259tin\u0259 yararl\u0131 ola bil\u0259r. O, yox olub getm\u0259y\u0259, tarixd\u0259n silinm\u0259y\u0259 m\u0259hkumdur\u201d. \u201cKaynak\u201d jurnal\u0131 iki aydan-bir i\u015f\u0131q \u00fcz\u00fc g\u00f6r\u00fcrd\u00fc v\u0259 t\u0259dqiqat\u00e7\u0131lar \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn h\u0259qiq\u0259t\u0259n bir qaynaq rolu oynay\u0131rd\u0131. Amma maddi s\u0131x\u0131nt\u0131lar ucbat\u0131ndan \u201cKaynak\u201d jurnal\u0131n\u0131n d\u00f6vriyy\u0259si he\u00e7 d\u0259 stabil olmam\u0131\u015fd\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>XXI \u0259srin \u0259vv\u0259ll\u0259rind\u0259 t\u00fcrkl\u0259rin s\u0131x ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00f6lg\u0259 m\u0259rk\u0259zl\u0259rind\u0259 d\u0259 d\u0259rgil\u0259r n\u0259\u015fr olunurdu. Bunlardan biri Razqrat \u015f\u0259h\u0259rind\u0259 D\u0259liorman \u0259d\u0259biyyat d\u0259rn\u0259yinin d\u0259st\u0259yi il\u0259 \u00e7ap olunan \u201cHo\u015fg\u00f6r\u00fc\u201d jurnal\u0131 idi. D\u0259rgi 32 s\u0259hif\u0259 h\u0259cmind\u0259, \u00fc\u00e7 ayda-bir \u00e7\u0131x\u0131rd\u0131 v\u0259 oxucular\u0131 m\u00fch\u00fcm x\u0259b\u0259rl\u0259r, jurnalist ara\u015fd\u0131rmalar\u0131 v\u0259 \u0259trafl\u0131 t\u0259hlill\u0259rl\u0259 t\u0259min edirdi.<\/p>\n<p>\u015eumnu \u015f\u0259h\u0259rind\u0259 d\u0259 bir jurnal n\u0259\u015fr olunurdu. Bu \u201cMozaik\u201d jurnal\u0131 idi. \u00dcz qab\u0131\u011f\u0131nda qeyd olunurdu ki, \u015eumnu M\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259t Evi t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n yay\u0131mlan\u0131r, u\u015faq v\u0259 g\u0259ncl\u0259r \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259 tutulub, m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259t, s\u0259n\u0259t v\u0259 t\u0259hsil probleml\u0259rini \u0259hat\u0259 edir. \u201cMozaik\u201d jurnal\u0131n\u0131n redaktoru v\u0259 m\u0259sul katibi Nurten R\u0259mzi olmu\u015fdur. Jurnal 32 s\u0259hif\u0259d\u0259 \u00e7\u0131x\u0131r v\u0259 h\u0259r s\u0259hif\u0259sind\u0259 r\u0259ngli r\u0259sml\u0259r, fotolar v\u0259 reklam materiallar\u0131 yerl\u0259\u015fdirilirdi.<\/p>\n<p>T\u00fcrk \u0259halisinin \u0259n s\u0131x ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00f6lg\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259n biri olan K\u0131rcal\u0131da 2006-c\u0131 ild\u0259n \u201cBulgar\u0131stan T\u00fcrklerinin Sesi K\u0131rcaal\u0131 Haber\u201d ad\u0131nda q\u0259zet n\u0259\u015fr olunma\u011fa ba\u015flam\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Eyni zamanda buradan \u201cK\u0131rcaal\u0131 haber\u201d adl\u0131 elektron q\u0259zet d\u0259 (www.kircaalihaber.com) internet vasit\u0259sil\u0259 haz\u0131rda yay\u0131mlanmaqda v\u0259 operativ \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 oxuculara yeti\u015fm\u0259kd\u0259dir [3].<\/p>\n<p>Qeyd etm\u0259k laz\u0131md\u0131r ki, \u00f6lk\u0259d\u0259 \u0130nternet \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259n h\u0259m d\u0259 \u201cSes\u201d, \u201cYeni hayat\u201d, \u201cArdinonun s\u0259si\u201d q\u0259zetl\u0259ri yay\u0131mlanmaqdad\u0131r. \u201cBolqaristan Havadis\u201d (www.bulgaristanhavadis.com) x\u0259b\u0259r portal\u0131 da u\u011furla f\u0259aliyy\u0259t g\u00f6st\u0259rir.<\/p>\n<p>N\u0259z\u0259r\u0259 almaq laz\u0131md\u0131r ki, Bolqar\u0131stan\u0131n m\u00fcxt\u0259lif b\u00f6lg\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259n internet \u015f\u0259b\u0259k\u0259sind\u0259n istifad\u0259 etm\u0259kl\u0259 xeyli sayda informasiya saytlar\u0131, x\u0259b\u0259r portallar\u0131 m\u0259lumat v\u0259 m\u00fcxt\u0259lif materiallar yaymaqdad\u0131rlar (bnr.bg\/tr; haberbg.blogspot.bg; dombira.eu; ajansbg.blogspot.com; bizimgazete.bg; bnt.bg; haber.bg; umitdergisi.com; grandmufti.bg\/tr; mestanlihaber.com; thaber.bg; arda-tuna.com; bghaber.org; pomak.eu; pomaknews.com; 24kircaali.blogspot.bg). Bel\u0259 saytlar\u0131n v\u0259 elektron q\u0259zetl\u0259rin say\u0131 s\u00fcr\u0259tl\u0259 d\u0259yi\u015fm\u0259kd\u0259dir. Onlar haqq\u0131nda ilkin m\u0259lumat\u0131 T\u00fcrkiy\u0259nin Bursa \u015f\u0259h\u0259rind\u0259 yerl\u0259\u015f\u0259n Balkan t\u00fcrkl\u0259ri k\u00f6\u00e7k\u00fcn v\u0259 qa\u00e7q\u0131n d\u0259rn\u0259kl\u0259ri federasiyas\u0131n\u0131n sayt\u0131ndan \u0259ld\u0259 etm\u0259k olar (www.balgoc.org.tr ).<\/p>\n<p>Bolqar\u0131standa 1990-c\u0131 ild\u0259n sonra ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015f demokratiyaya ke\u00e7id d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259 t\u00fcrk dilind\u0259 xeyli sayda q\u0259zet v\u0259 jurnallar n\u0259\u015fr olunmu\u015fdur. Ancaq bunlardan yaln\u0131z \u201cFiliz\u201d, \u201cZaman-Bolqaristan\u201d kimi q\u0259zetl\u0259r, \u201c\u00dcmit\u201d v\u0259 \u201cM\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u201d kimi jurnallar istisna olmaqla yerd\u0259 qalan n\u0259\u015frl\u0259r \u00e7ox tez-tez maliyy\u0259 \u00e7\u0259tinlikl\u0259ri il\u0259 \u00fczl\u0259\u015fmi\u015f v\u0259 d\u00f6vriliyini pozmal\u0131 olmu\u015flar. Bununla bel\u0259, ayd\u0131n \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr ki, hakimiyy\u0259t orqanlar\u0131n\u0131n t\u00fcrk m\u0259tbuat vasit\u0259l\u0259ri \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 olan \u0259vv\u0259lki basq\u0131s\u0131 aradan qald\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>\u00dcmumiyy\u0259tl\u0259, 1990-c\u0131 ild\u0259n sonra Bolqar\u0131stan hakim dair\u0259l\u0259rinin yerli t\u00fcrk \u0259halisin\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 olan m\u00fcnasib\u0259tl\u0259rinin k\u00f6k\u00fcnd\u0259n d\u0259yi\u015fm\u0259si \u00f6lk\u0259d\u0259 ged\u0259n demokratikl\u0259\u015fm\u0259 prosesinin n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmu\u015fdur. Bu v\u0259ziyy\u0259t eyni zamanda Bolqar\u0131stan-T\u00fcrkiy\u0259 m\u00fcnasib\u0259tl\u0259rinin yeni m\u0259rh\u0259l\u0259y\u0259 daxil olmas\u0131na, \u00f6lk\u0259nin NATO v\u0259 Avropa t\u0259\u015fkilatlar\u0131na inteqrasiyas\u0131na \u015f\u0259rait yaratm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. 2007-ci ild\u0259 Bolqar\u0131stan h\u0259m d\u0259 Avropa \u0130ttifaq\u0131na \u00fczv olmu\u015f v\u0259 bunun n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 t\u00fcrk \u0259halisinin h\u00fcquqlar\u0131na h\u00f6rm\u0259t ed\u0259c\u0259yin\u0259 beyn\u0259lxalq z\u0259man\u0259ti vermi\u015fdir [10].<\/p>\n<p>\u00d6lk\u0259nin Avropa \u0130ttifaq\u0131na \u00fczv olmas\u0131 Bolqar\u0131stan t\u00fcrkl\u0259ri \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u201cq\u0131z\u0131l \u0259srin\u201d ba\u015flanq\u0131c\u0131 m\u0259nas\u0131na g\u0259lmi\u015fdir. T\u00fcrkl\u0259r \u00f6lk\u0259nin ictimai-siyasi h\u0259yat\u0131nda f\u0259al rol oynay\u0131r, siyasi partiya v\u0259 h\u0259r\u0259katlar\u0131n s\u0131ras\u0131nda birl\u0259\u015firl\u0259r. Haz\u0131rda Bolqar\u0131stan t\u00fcrkl\u0259rinin apar\u0131c\u0131 siyasi t\u0259\u015fkilat\u0131, s\u00f6zs\u00fcz ki, 1990-ci ild\u0259 elan olunmu\u015f \u201cH\u00fcquq v\u0259 azadl\u0131qlar u\u011frunda h\u0259r\u0259kat\u201dd\u0131r. Bu t\u0259\u015fkilata ke\u00e7mi\u015f dissident, b\u00f6y\u00fck intellektual \u018fhm\u0259d Do\u011fan r\u0259hb\u0259rlik edir.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cH\u00fcquq v\u0259 azadl\u0131qlar u\u011frunda h\u0259r\u0259kat\u201d q\u0131sa m\u00fcdd\u0259t \u0259rzind\u0259 h\u0259qiq\u0259t\u0259n t\u00fcrk \u0259halisinin siyasi daya\u011f\u0131na \u00e7evril\u0259 bilmi\u015fdir. H\u0259r\u0259kat m\u0259rk\u0259z\u00e7i liberal ideologiyas\u0131na sahibdir v\u0259 ilk g\u00fcnl\u0259rd\u0259n ba\u015flayaraq Bolqar\u0131stan\u0131n Avropa \u0130ttifaq\u0131na inteqrasiya olmas\u0131 u\u011frunda geni\u015f f\u0259aliyy\u0259t g\u00f6st\u0259rmi\u015fdir [1].<\/p>\n<p>T\u0259\u015fkilat \u00f6lk\u0259d\u0259 ke\u00e7iril\u0259n b\u00fct\u00fcn parlament se\u00e7kil\u0259rind\u0259 f\u0259al i\u015ftirak edir v\u0259 ard\u0131c\u0131l olaraq partiya qrupu il\u0259 parlamentd\u0259 t\u0259msil olunur. \u201cH\u00fcquq v\u0259 azadl\u0131qlar u\u011frunda h\u0259r\u0259kat\u201d\u0131n n\u00fcmay\u0259nd\u0259l\u0259ri Bolqar\u0131standa koalisiya \u015f\u0259klind\u0259 formala\u015fm\u0131\u015f h\u00f6kum\u0259tl\u0259rin t\u0259rkibin\u0259 daxil olmu\u015f, bir ne\u00e7\u0259 nazir v\u0259zif\u0259si tutmu\u015flar [13]. Bolqar\u0131stan\u0131n Avropa \u0130ttifaq\u0131na \u00fczv olmas\u0131ndan sonra bu t\u0259\u015fkilat\u0131n n\u00fcmay\u0259nd\u0259l\u0259ri art\u0131q Avropa Parlamentind\u0259 d\u0259 f\u0259aliyy\u0259t g\u00f6st\u0259rirl\u0259r.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cH\u00fcquq v\u0259 azadl\u0131qlar u\u011frunda h\u0259r\u0259kat\u201d\u0131n r\u0259hb\u0259rliyi il\u0259 t\u00fcrk \u0259halisinin n\u00fcmay\u0259nd\u0259l\u0259ri Bolqar\u0131standa yerli \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcidar\u0259 orqanlar\u0131nda da geni\u015f \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 t\u0259msil olunurlar. 2001-2005-ci ill\u0259r \u0259rzind\u0259 27 \u015f\u0259h\u0259rin meri v\u0259 654 k\u0259nd b\u0259l\u0259diyy\u0259sinin s\u0259dri v\u0259zif\u0259sin\u0259 bu t\u0259\u015fkilat\u0131n \u00fczvl\u0259ri se\u00e7il\u0259 bilmi\u015fdil\u0259r [1].<\/p>\n<p>Qeyd olundu\u011fu kimi \u201cH\u00fcquq v\u0259 azadl\u0131qlar u\u011frunda h\u0259r\u0259kat\u201d\u0131n m\u0259tbu orqan\u0131 olan \u201cHak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck\u201d q\u0259zeti \u00f6z f\u0259aliyy\u0259tini 1998-ci ild\u0259 maliyy\u0259 \u00e7\u0259tinliyi ucbat\u0131ndan dayand\u0131rm\u0131\u015f v\u0259 uzun m\u00fcdd\u0259t \u0259rzind\u0259 bu siyasi t\u0259\u015fkilat\u0131n ayr\u0131ca n\u0259\u015fri olmam\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Bu bo\u015flu\u011fu doldurmaq m\u0259qs\u0259dil\u0259 2011-ci ild\u0259 t\u0259\u015fkilat n\u00fcmay\u0259nd\u0259l\u0259ri \u201cToplum\u201d adl\u0131 q\u0259zet n\u0259\u015fr etm\u0259y\u0259 ba\u015flam\u0131\u015fd\u0131. Q\u0259zetin \u0259sas v\u0259zif\u0259si siyasi t\u0259\u015fkilat\u0131n m\u0259qs\u0259d v\u0259 m\u0259ramlar\u0131n\u0131 \u0259haliy\u0259 \u00e7atd\u0131rmaqdir.<\/p>\n<p>24 s\u0259hif\u0259lik bu q\u0259zetin yar\u0131s\u0131 t\u00fcrkc\u0259, yar\u0131s\u0131 is\u0259 bolqar dilind\u0259 \u00e7ap olunur. N\u0259\u015frin redaktoru Salina Elindir. Partiya yetkilil\u0259ri x\u00fcsusi olaraq vur\u011fulam\u0131\u015flar ki, q\u0259zet siyasi t\u0259\u015fkilat\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn t\u0259dbirl\u0259rini i\u015f\u0131qland\u0131racaq v\u0259 m\u00fcxt\u0259lif m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 dair m\u00f6vqeyini geni\u015f \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 \u0259haliy\u0259 \u00e7atd\u0131racaqd\u0131r [2].<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>N\u0259tic\u0259<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Bolqar\u0131standa t\u00fcrk dilind\u0259 yay\u0131mlanan m\u0259tbuat orqanlar\u0131 bu toplumun, t\u00fcrk mill\u0259tinin hayq\u0131ran s\u0259si, g\u00f6r\u0259n g\u00f6z\u00fc, e\u015fid\u0259n qula\u011f\u0131, dan\u0131\u015fan dili olmu\u015fdur. M\u00fcxt\u0259lif d\u00f6n\u0259ml\u0259rd\u0259, \u0259n \u00e7\u0259tin vaxtlarda m\u0259tbuat orqanlar\u0131 Bolqar\u0131stan t\u00fcrkl\u0259rinin h\u00fcquqlar\u0131n\u0131 m\u00fcdafi\u0259 etmi\u015f, onlar\u0131 maarifl\u0259ndirmi\u015f, t\u0259\u015fkilatland\u0131rm\u0131\u015f, m\u00fct\u0259r\u0259qqi ideyalar \u0259traf\u0131nda birl\u0259\u015fdirib vahid amal u\u011frunda m\u00fcbariz\u0259y\u0259 s\u0259sl\u0259mi\u015fdir. El\u0259 vaxtlar olmu\u015fdur ki, t\u00fcrk m\u0259tbuat\u0131 susdurulmu\u015fdur, amma o, yen\u0259 d\u0259 daxil\u0259n g\u00fcc toplay\u0131b imkan yarand\u0131\u011f\u0131 an yenid\u0259n s\u0259hn\u0259y\u0259 \u00e7\u0131x\u0131b \u00f6z m\u00fct\u0259r\u0259qqi missiyas\u0131n\u0131 h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irm\u0259y\u0259 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Haz\u0131rda Bolqar\u0131stan Avropa \u0130ttifaq\u0131n\u0131n \u00fczv\u00fc olaraq demokratik yol se\u00e7ib inki\u015faf etm\u0259kd\u0259dir, t\u00fcrk m\u0259tbuat\u0131n\u0131n qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda geni\u015f imkanlar a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131b. Amma, bununla bel\u0259, h\u0259l\u0259 h\u0259llini g\u00f6zl\u0259y\u0259n bir \u00e7ox m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259r var ki, ara\u015fd\u0131rma\u00e7\u0131lar onlar\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dak\u0131 kimi qrupla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131rlar:<\/p>\n<p>m 1959-1960-c\u0131 ill\u0259rd\u0259 t\u00fcrk m\u0259kt\u0259bl\u0259rinin ba\u011flanmas\u0131 n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259, h\u0259tta sonralar t\u00fcrk u\u015faqlar\u0131na s\u0259rb\u0259st se\u00e7m\u0259 f\u0259nn kimi ana dili d\u0259rsl\u0259rinin t\u0259dris edilm\u0259sin\u0259 icaz\u0259 verils\u0259 d\u0259, t\u00fcrkc\u0259 oxuyub-yazanlar\u0131n say\u0131n\u0131n getdikc\u0259 azalmas\u0131na s\u0259b\u0259b olmu\u015f, bu is\u0259 t\u00fcrk dilind\u0259 n\u0259\u015fr olunan v\u0259 yay\u0131mlanan media vasit\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 mara\u011f\u0131 azaltm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. T\u00fcrk ziyal\u0131lar\u0131 \u00fcmumiyy\u0259tl\u0259 ona \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rlar ki, d\u00f6vl\u0259t m\u0259kt\u0259bl\u0259rind\u0259 t\u00fcrk \u015fagirdl\u0259rin\u0259 ana dili m\u00fctl\u0259q ayr\u0131ca f\u0259nn kimi t\u0259dris edilsin. Ana dilind\u0259 t\u0259dris g\u00f6rm\u0259y\u0259n insanlar t\u00fcrk dilind\u0259 \u00e7\u0131xan m\u0259tbuat orqanalar\u0131na abun\u0259\u00e7i olmur, daimi oxucular siyah\u0131s\u0131na d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fcrl\u0259r;<\/p>\n<p>m bu problem \u00f6z n\u00f6vb\u0259sind\u0259 ba\u015fqa bir m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259ni d\u0259 g\u00fcnd\u0259m\u0259 da\u015f\u0131y\u0131r \u2013 daima t\u00fcrk dilind\u0259 yaz\u0131b-yaradan ziyal\u0131lar\u0131n say\u0131 getdikc\u0259 azal\u0131r. Bu ziyal\u0131lar \u0259sas\u0259n ya\u015fl\u0131 n\u0259slin n\u00fcmay\u0259nd\u0259l\u0259ridir. Onlar\u0131n da say\u0131 g\u00fcnd\u0259n-g\u00fcn\u0259 azal\u0131r, toplumdan qopub, \u0259riyib getm\u0259kd\u0259dir;<\/p>\n<p>m b\u00f6yuk h\u0259v\u0259sl\u0259 q\u0259zet v\u0259 jurnal n\u0259\u015fr etm\u0259y\u0259 ba\u015flayan ziyal\u0131lar ciddi maliyy\u0259 probleml\u0259ri il\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131rlar;<\/p>\n<p>m \u00e7apdan \u00e7\u0131xm\u0131\u015f m\u0259tbuat orqanlar\u0131n\u0131n yay\u0131m\u0131 v\u0259 oxuculara \u00e7atd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ayr\u0131ca b\u00f6y\u00fck bir problemdir, \u00e7\u00fcnki bu m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259nin h\u0259lli b\u00f6y\u00fck maliyy\u0259 v\u0259saiti t\u0259l\u0259b edir;<\/p>\n<p>m \u00f6z n\u00f6vb\u0259sind\u0259 onu da vur\u011fulamaq laz\u0131md\u0131r ki, maliyy\u0259 probleml\u0259ri i\u00e7ind\u0259 ya\u015fayan t\u00fcrk \u0259halisi sistemli \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 q\u0259zet v\u0259 jurnallar\u0131 \u0259ld\u0259 ed\u0259 v\u0259 onlara abun\u0259 ola bilmir;<\/p>\n<p>m yay\u0131mlanan q\u0259zet v\u0259 jurnallar\u0131n tiraj\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. Bir \u00e7ox m\u0259tbuat orqanlar\u0131 \u00fcmumiyy\u0259tl\u0259 \u00f6z tirajlar\u0131 haqq\u0131nda bilgi vermir. \u00dcst\u0259lik ayr\u0131-ayr\u0131 b\u00f6lg\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 n\u0259\u015fr olunan media vasit\u0259l\u0259ri haqq\u0131nda geni\u015f t\u00fcrk ictimaiyy\u0259tinin x\u0259b\u0259ri olmur. Ona g\u00f6r\u0259 d\u0259 m\u0259tbuat orqanlar\u0131 \u00f6z oxucular\u0131n\u0131 tapa bilmir, n\u0259tic\u0259d\u0259 q\u0259zet v\u0259 jurnallar\u0131n tiraj\u0131 artm\u0131r, onlar\u0131n yaln\u0131z bir ne\u00e7\u0259 n\u00f6mr\u0259si \u00e7ap olunur, sonra is\u0259 s\u0259hn\u0259d\u0259n \u00e7\u0131x\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>1992-ci ild\u0259 Bolqar\u0131stan h\u00f6kum\u0259ti h\u0259m d\u0259 t\u00fcrk dilind\u0259 radioyay\u0131m\u0131n t\u0259\u015fkili haqq\u0131nda q\u0259rar q\u0259bul etmi\u015fdir. \u0130lkin vaxtlarda efir vaxt\u0131 yaln\u0131z 30 d\u0259qiq\u0259lik yay\u0131mla m\u0259hdudla\u015f\u0131rd\u0131. \u00d6lk\u0259d\u0259 demokratikl\u0259\u015fm\u0259 prosesinin g\u00fccl\u0259nm\u0259si n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 1998-ci ild\u0259 parlament s\u0259viyy\u0259sind\u0259 t\u00fcrk dilind\u0259 televiziya yay\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fcdd\u0259tsiz olmas\u0131 haqq\u0131nda q\u0259rar q\u0259bul edilmi\u015fdir.<\/p>\n<p>Bununla bel\u0259, indiy\u0259d\u0259k elektron media vasit\u0259l\u0259rinin d\u0259 probleml\u0259ri tam h\u0259ll olunmay\u0131b. T\u00fcrk dilind\u0259 yay\u0131mlanan radio v\u0259 televiziya proqramlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7oxunda ilk n\u00f6vb\u0259d\u0259 T\u00fcrkiy\u0259 yenilikl\u0259ri verilir. Bu o dem\u0259kdir ki, h\u0259min redaksiyalar\u0131n \u00f6zl\u0259rinin efir m\u0259hsulu azl\u0131q t\u0259\u015fkil edir v\u0259 onlar\u0131n m\u00fcxbir m\u0259nt\u0259q\u0259l\u0259rinin say\u0131 yet\u0259rli deyil [4].<\/p>\n<p>Amma b\u00fct\u00fcn bu \u00e7\u0259tinlikl\u0259r\u0259 baxmayaraq Bolqar\u0131standak\u0131 t\u00fcrk ziyal\u0131lar\u0131 b\u00fct\u00fcn varl\u0131qlar\u0131 il\u0259 t\u00fcrk mill\u0259tin\u0259 xidm\u0259t edirl\u0259r; haz\u0131rda ali t\u0259hsil m\u00fc\u0259ssis\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 oxuyan g\u0259ncl\u0259rin say\u0131 artmaqdad\u0131r, onlar t\u00fcrk media \u0259m\u0259kda\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131ralar\u0131n\u0131 geni\u015fl\u0259ndir\u0259c\u0259k, xalq\u0131n m\u0259d\u0259ni, sosial, iqtisadi inki\u015faf\u0131na \u00e7al\u0131\u015facaq v\u0259 t\u00fcrk toplumun h\u00fcquqlar\u0131n\u0131 daima m\u00fcdafi\u0259 ed\u0259c\u0259kl\u0259r.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0130ST\u0130FAD\u018f ED\u0130LM\u0130\u015e \u018fD\u018fB\u0130YYAT <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>T\u00fcrk dilind\u0259:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Hak ve \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckler Hareketi &#8211; https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hak_ve_\u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckler_Hareketi<\/li>\n<li>Hak ve \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckler Hareketi Toplum adl\u0131 gazete \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131yor. &#8211; https:\/\/www.kircaalihaber.com\/?pid=3&amp;id_news=6480<\/li>\n<li>K\u0131rcaali Haber Gazetesi &#8211; Bulgaristan T\u00fcrklerinin Sesi. &#8211; http:\/\/www.kircaalihaber.com\/<\/li>\n<li>Mehmet \u00c7. Y\u00fczy\u0131l Bulgaristan T\u00fcrkleri: Antoloji. Istanbul, Yaylac\u0131k Matbaas\u0131, 1988, s.68-69.<\/li>\n<li>Yenisoy H. Bulgaristan\u2019da T\u00fcrk\u00e7e Bas\u0131n (1865-2010). &#8211; http:\/\/www.kircaalihaber.com\/?pid=8&amp;id_aktualno=296%20class=<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0130ngilis dilind\u0259:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol start=\"6\">\n<li>Do\u011fan A. \u201cSpeech Delivered at Thirthy Sixth National Assembly\u201d in The Spirit and Image of European Dimensions: Selected Speeches of Ahmet Do\u011fan, 1991-2008. Sofia, 2008.<\/li>\n<li>Eminov A. The Nation-State and Minority Languages: Turkish in Bulgaria. Wayne, Nebraska, Wayne State College, 2003<\/li>\n<li>Kutlay M. Europeanization of Minority Rights in Bulgaria: Turks of Bulgaria as a Case Study. &#8211; http:\/\/etd.lib.metu.edu.tr\/upload\/12616121\/index.pdf<\/li>\n<li>Petkova L. The Etnich Turk in Bulgaria: Social Integration and Impact on Bulgarian-Turkish relations, 1947-2000 \/\/ Journal Global Review of Ethnopolitics. Volume 1, no. 4, 2002, p.42-59.<\/li>\n<li>Turan Omer. Turks in Balkans. The Turks. Ankara, Yeni Turkiye publications, 2002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>Rus dilind\u0259:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol start=\"11\">\n<li>\u0421\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0418.\u0410. \u0422\u0443\u0440\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u0411\u043e\u043b\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0438\u044f: \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u044b \u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0441\u043f\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u044b \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0432\u0437\u0430\u0438\u043c\u043e\u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \/\/ \u041c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430. 2016, \u0441.87-102.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>Bolqar dilind\u0259:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol start=\"12\">\n<li>\u041a\u044a\u043d\u0435\u0432 \u041a. \u0417\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u043a\u044a\u043c \u0435\u0442\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0438 \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0433\u0438\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0430\u043b\u0446\u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0432 \u0411\u044a\u043b\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0438\u044f. \/\/ \u041a\u0440\u044a\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0432\u0430 \u0410. (\u0441\u044a\u0441\u0442.) \u041e\u0431\u0449\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0438 \u0438\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0432 \u0411\u044a\u043b\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0438\u044f. \u0421\u043e\u0444\u0438\u044f, 1998, c.67-117.<\/li>\n<li>\u041d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e \u0421\u044a\u0431\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0420\u0435\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0411\u044a\u043b\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0438\u044f &#8211; http:\/\/www.parliament.bg<\/li>\n<li>\u0421\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u043e\u0432 \u0412. \u0422\u0443\u0440\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u0411\u044a\u043b\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0438\u044f \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044e\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0435\u0442\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430 \/\/ The Turkish Population in Bulgaria between the Poles of Ethnic Policy. Sofia, 1998<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><strong>Sabir Mammadli<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>BULGARIAN TURKS\u2019 PRESS AS CRUCIAL INSTRUMENT IN <\/strong><strong>NATIONAL STRUGGLE (1944-2010)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><strong>Abstract<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>This article, based on extensive factographic materials, examines the struggle of Bulgarian Turks for their national ideals from 1944 to 2010. In 1944, certain democratic principles were introduced in Bulgaria under the Dimitrov Constitution, enabling Turkic intellectuals to establish national schools, develop their native language, and organize broadcasts in Turkish. Publications such as Vatan, Ish\u0131k, and Dostluk emerged during this period. However, since 1958, the Bulgarian government began imposing restrictions on the Turkish population, obstructing national education, and implementing policies aimed at bulgarizing the Turks.<\/p>\n<p>The article highlights the role of Turkic press outlets, including Rodop Mucadilesi, Tuna Dergisi, and Halk Davas\u0131, which advocated for national values and resisted these policies. Particular attention is given to the late 1980s, a period marked by the collapse of the socialist system and the national revival of Bulgarian Turks. This era saw the formation of a national movement, the emergence of numerous independent democratic press outlets, and the establishment of the Movement for Rights and Freedoms (MRF), which continues to represent the Turkish population in Bulgaria&#8217;s parliament and coalition government.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Keywords: <\/strong>Bulgarian Turks, press, national struggle, newspaper, native language<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0421\u0430\u0431\u0438\u0440 \u041c\u0435\u043c\u043c\u0435\u0434\u043b\u0438<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u041f\u0420\u0415\u0421\u0421\u0410 \u0411\u041e\u041b\u0413\u0410\u0420\u0421\u041a\u0418\u0425 \u0422\u0423\u0420\u041a\u041e\u0412 \u041a\u0410\u041a \u0421\u0420\u0415\u0414\u0421\u0422\u0412\u041e \u041d\u0410\u0426\u0418\u041e\u041d\u0410\u041b\u042c\u041d\u041e\u0419\u00a0 <\/strong><strong>\u0411\u041e\u0420\u042c\u0411\u042b (1944-2010)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><strong>\u0420\u0435\u0437\u044e\u043c\u0435<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0412 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u0448\u0438\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0444\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0431\u043e\u0440\u044c\u0431\u0430 \u0442\u0443\u0440\u043e\u043a \u0411\u043e\u043b\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0437\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0438\u0434\u0435\u0430\u043b\u044b. \u0412 1944 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u0432 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u0432 \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0438 \u0441 \u00ab\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0446\u0438\u0435\u0439 \u0414\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u00bb \u043d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0434\u0435\u043c\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0446\u0438\u043f\u044b, \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0435 \u0442\u0443\u0440\u0435\u0446\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u043b\u043b\u0438\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0448\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044b, \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a, \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0449\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0443\u0440\u0435\u0446\u043a\u043e\u043c \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0435. \u0412 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0442 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0434 \u043f\u043e\u044f\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u00abVatan\u00bb, \u00ab\u0130\u015f\u0131k\u00bb, \u00abDostluk\u00bb. \u041e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e \u0441 1958 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0411\u043e\u043b\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u043e \u0432\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0442\u0443\u0440\u0435\u0446\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043f\u044f\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043a \u00ab\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438\u00bb \u0442\u0443\u0440\u043e\u043a (\u0412\u043e\u0437\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441).<\/p>\n<p>\u041d\u0430 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435 \u0434\u0435\u044f\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0438\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0439, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u00abRodop m\u00fccadelesi\u00bb, \u00abTuna dergisi\u00bb, \u00abHalk davas\u0131\u00bb \u0438 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0445, \u0432 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0431\u043e\u0440\u044c\u0431\u0430 \u0442\u0443\u0440\u0435\u0446\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0441\u044b \u0437\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0446\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438. \u041e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0447\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0446\u0435 1980-\u0445 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432, \u0432 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0434 \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0445\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b, \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441 \u043d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0440\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0442\u0443\u0440\u043e\u043a \u0411\u043e\u043b\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0438. \u0421\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0434\u0432\u0438\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u043f\u043e\u044f\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043c\u044b\u0435 \u0434\u0435\u043c\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u044b \u043f\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442\u0438. \u0414\u0432\u0438\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0442\u0443\u0440\u043e\u043a \u0411\u043e\u043b\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u00ab\u0417\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0430 \u0438 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0434\u044b\u00bb \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043e \u0432 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u044b, \u0430 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u043e\u0448\u043b\u0438 \u0432 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432 \u043a\u043e\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430, \u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0430\u043c.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u041a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430:<\/strong> \u0442\u0443\u0440\u043a\u0438 \u0411\u043e\u043b\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0438, \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0430, \u043d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0431\u043e\u0440\u044c\u0431\u0430, \u0433\u0430\u0437\u0435\u0442\u0430, \u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Sabir M\u018fMM\u018fDL\u0130, BDU, Beyn\u0259lxalq jurnalistika v\u0259 informasiya siyas\u0259ti kafedras\u0131, siyasi elml\u0259r doktoru, professor (Bak\u0131, Az\u0259rbaycan) \u00a0 E-mail: sabir.rm@mail. ru ORCID ID: 0000-0001-9176-2569 UOT 070 UOT 32 UOT 323.1 &nbsp; X\u00fclas\u0259. M\u0259qal\u0259d\u0259 geni\u015f faktoqrafik materiallar \u0259as\u0131nda Bolqar\u0131stan t\u00fcrkl\u0259rinin milli ideallar u\u011frunda m\u00fcbariz\u0259si \u0259ks olunur. 1944-c\u00fc ild\u0259 \u00f6lk\u0259d\u0259 \u201cDimitrov konstitusiyas\u0131&#8221;na uy\u011fun olaraq bir m\u00fcdd\u0259t b\u0259zi demokratik prinsipl\u0259r [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1008,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1082","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cild-1--1"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/socialresearchjournal.az\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1082","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/socialresearchjournal.az\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/socialresearchjournal.az\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/socialresearchjournal.az\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/socialresearchjournal.az\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1082"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/socialresearchjournal.az\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1082\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1096,"href":"https:\/\/socialresearchjournal.az\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1082\/revisions\/1096"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/socialresearchjournal.az\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1008"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/socialresearchjournal.az\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1082"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/socialresearchjournal.az\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1082"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/socialresearchjournal.az\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1082"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}