{"id":1105,"date":"2025-03-04T16:09:47","date_gmt":"2025-03-04T12:09:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/socialresearchjournal.az\/?p=1105"},"modified":"2025-07-29T01:18:09","modified_gmt":"2025-07-28T21:18:09","slug":"isgaldan-azad-edilen-regionlarda-musterek-biznesin-inkisaf-perspektivleri","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/socialresearchjournal.az\/index.php\/2025\/03\/04\/isgaldan-azad-edilen-regionlarda-musterek-biznesin-inkisaf-perspektivleri\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0130\u015e\u011eALDAN AZAD ED\u0130L\u018fN REG\u0130ONLARDA M\u00dc\u015eT\u018fR\u018fK B\u0130ZNES\u0130N \u0130NK\u0130\u015eAF PERSPEKT\u0130VL\u018fR\u0130"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Ma\u015fallah S\u018fF\u018fROV<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em>Bak\u0131 D\u00f6vl\u0259t Universitetinin doktorant\u0131<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(Bak\u0131, Az\u0259rbaycan)<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>E-mail: masallah.safarov.roman@bsu.edu.az<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>ORCID: 0000-0001-5718-9754<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>UOT\/UDC: 33 <\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>X\u00fclas\u0259.<\/strong> Az\u0259rbaycan Respublikas\u0131 Prezidentinin 02 fevral 2021-ci il tarixli s\u0259r\u0259ncam\u0131 il\u0259 t\u0259sdiq edilmi\u015f \u201cAz\u0259rbaycan 2030: sosial iqtisadi inki\u015fafa dair\u201d Milli Prioritetl\u0259rd\u0259 qeyd olunmu\u015f 5 \u0259sas m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259d\u0259n biri d\u0259 i\u015f\u011faldan azad edilmi\u015f regionlara qay\u0131d\u0131\u015f\u0131n stimulla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, h\u0259min \u0259razil\u0259rd\u0259 milli iqtisadiyyat\u0131n sah\u0259vi inki\u015faf potensial\u0131n\u0131n realla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131ndan ibar\u0259tdir. Qeyd olunmal\u0131d\u0131r ki, 44 g\u00fcnl\u00fck V\u0259t\u0259n m\u00fcharib\u0259sinin z\u0259f\u0259rl\u0259 ba\u015fa \u00e7atmas\u0131ndan d\u0259rhal sonra Qaraba\u011f regionunda b\u0259rpa v\u0259 quruculuq i\u015fl\u0259ri ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Perspektiv k\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcn t\u0259min edilm\u0259si v\u0259 sahibkarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n inki\u015faf etdirilm\u0259si m\u0259qs\u0259dil\u0259 yol-infrastruktur layih\u0259l\u0259ri realla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, telekommunikasiya x\u0259tl\u0259rinin b\u0259rpas\u0131na yer verilmi\u015fdir.<\/p>\n<p>M\u0259qal\u0259d\u0259 m\u00fc\u015ft\u0259r\u0259k biznesin mahiyy\u0259ti a\u00e7\u0131qlanmaqla i\u015f\u011faldan azad edil\u0259n \u0259razil\u0259rd\u0259 m\u00fc\u015ft\u0259r\u0259k biznesin inki\u015faf prioritetl\u0259ri, hans\u0131 t\u0259s\u0259rr\u00fcfat sah\u0259l\u0259rinin m\u00fc\u015ft\u0259r\u0259k biznes\u0259 c\u0259lb edil\u0259 bilm\u0259si m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259ri, eyni zamanda alternativ v\u0259 innovativ maliyy\u0259 m\u0259nb\u0259l\u0259rinin h\u0259min \u0259razil\u0259rd\u0259 m\u00fc\u015ft\u0259r\u0259k biznes\u0259 c\u0259lb edilm\u0259si yollar\u0131 ara\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, m\u00fc\u015ft\u0259r\u0259k sahibkarl\u0131q f\u0259aliyy\u0259tinin h\u0259min \u0259razil\u0259rd\u0259 inki\u015faf\u0131n\u0131n PESTLE analizi apar\u0131lm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><strong>A\u00e7ar s\u00f6zl\u0259r: <\/strong>sahibkarl\u0131q f\u0259aliyy\u0259ti, m\u00fc\u015ft\u0259r\u0259k, milli iqtisadiyyat, i\u015f\u011faldan azad edilmi\u015f \u0259razil\u0259r, alternativ maliyy\u0259l\u0259\u015fm\u0259<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Giri\u015f<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u0130\u015f\u011faldan azad olunmu\u015f Qaraba\u011f regionuna v\u0259t\u0259nda\u015flar\u0131n k\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcr\u00fclm\u0259si h\u0259l\u0259 2018-ci ilin may ay\u0131ndan etibar\u0259n C\u0259bray\u0131l rayonunun Cocuq M\u0259rcanl\u0131 k\u0259ndin\u0259 olan k\u00f6\u00e7l\u0259 start g\u00f6t\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015fd\u00fcr. 2016-c\u0131 il Aprel d\u00f6y\u00fc\u015fl\u0259rinin m\u0259ntiqi davam\u0131 olan 44 g\u00fcnl\u00fck V\u0259t\u0259n m\u00fcharib\u0259si ba\u015fa \u00e7atd\u0131qdan sonra da Qaraba\u011f v\u0259 \u015e\u0259rqi Z\u0259ng\u0259zur iqtisadi rayonlar\u0131n\u0131n dir\u00e7\u0259ldilm\u0259si \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn Az\u0259rbaycan d\u00f6vl\u0259ti b\u00f6y\u00fckmiqyasl\u0131 b\u0259rpa-tikinti i\u015fl\u0259rin\u0259 start vermi\u015fdir. He\u00e7 bir xarici maliyy\u0259 v\u0259saitl\u0259rini c\u0259lb etm\u0259d\u0259n v\u0259 beyn\u0259lxalq maliyy\u0259 institutlar\u0131ndan borc almadan realla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lmaqda olan yenid\u0259nqurma layih\u0259l\u0259ri \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn d\u00f6vl\u0259t b\u00fcdc\u0259sind\u0259n t\u0259kc\u0259 2021-ci ild\u0259 2,2 mld. manat v\u0259sait ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. 2022-ci ild\u0259 bu v\u0259sait 2,7 mld. manat, 2023-c\u00fc ild\u0259 is\u0259 4,8 mld. manat olmu\u015fdur [2, 3, 4]. Az\u0259rbaycan Respublikas\u0131 Maliyy\u0259 Nazirliyinin illik hesabat\u0131na \u0259sas\u0259n, 2021-ci ild\u0259 d\u00f6vl\u0259t b\u00fcdc\u0259sind\u0259n ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015f v\u0259saitin 99 %-\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259ri (2,178 mld. manat) aidiyy\u0259ti \u00fczr\u0259 icra edilmi\u015fdir. Bel\u0259 ki, postkonflikt d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259 1,6 mld. manat v\u0259sait avtomobil yollar\u0131n\u0131n layih\u0259l\u0259ndirilm\u0259si, tikintisi, b\u0259rpas\u0131, 261,1 mln. manat v\u0259sait is\u0259 d\u0259mir yolu x\u0259tl\u0259rinin b\u0259rpas\u0131 v\u0259 tikintisi \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn x\u0259rcl\u0259nmi\u015fdir [7, s.37].<\/p>\n<p>\u0130\u015f\u011faldan azad edilmi\u015f regionlar\u0131n sosial-iqtisadi c\u0259h\u0259td\u0259n dir\u00e7\u0259ldilm\u0259si v\u0259 oraya yeni n\u0259f\u0259sin g\u0259tirilm\u0259si \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn d\u00f6vl\u0259timizin qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda duran aktual m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259n biri h\u0259min \u0259razil\u0259rin minalardan t\u0259mizl\u0259nm\u0259si olmu\u015fdur. M\u0259hz bununla \u0259laq\u0259dar olaraq 2021-ci ild\u0259 d\u00f6vl\u0259t b\u00fcdc\u0259sind\u0259n ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015f 97,6 mln. manat v\u0259sait ilkin x\u0259rc kateqoriyas\u0131 kimi h\u0259min \u0259razil\u0259rin minalardan t\u0259mizl\u0259nm\u0259si \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn aidiyy\u0259ti \u00fczr\u0259 istifad\u0259 edilmi\u015fdir. Habel\u0259 kadastr xidm\u0259ti v\u0259 m\u0259hsuldar torpaqlar\u0131n qiym\u0259tl\u0259ndirilm\u0259si \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn 67,2 mln. manat v\u0259sait x\u0259rcl\u0259nmi\u015fdir [7, s.37]. 2021-ci ilin sadalanan x\u0259rcl\u0259ri il\u0259 m\u00fcqayis\u0259d\u0259 2023-c\u00fc ilin m\u00fcvafiq transfertl\u0259ri t\u0259qrib\u0259n iki d\u0259f\u0259 art\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r ki, bunun da \u0259sas\u0131n\u0131 yol-infrastruktur layih\u0259l\u0259rinin icras\u0131, \u015f\u0259h\u0259rsalma v\u0259 abadla\u015fd\u0131rma i\u015fl\u0259rinin s\u00fcr\u0259tl\u0259ndirilm\u0259si, alternativ avtomobil yollar\u0131n\u0131n sal\u0131nmas\u0131, \u201cA\u011f\u0131ll\u0131 k\u0259nd\u201d layih\u0259l\u0259rinin geni\u015fl\u0259ndirilm\u0259si v\u0259 m\u0259\u015f\u011fullu\u011fun t\u0259min edilm\u0259si, demoqrafik balans\u0131n yarad\u0131lmas\u0131 istiqam\u0259tind\u0259 biznes subyektl\u0259rinin \u00e7oxald\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn stimulla\u015fd\u0131rma t\u0259bdirl\u0259rin\u0259 y\u00f6nl\u0259ndirilmi\u015fdir [7, s.37].<\/p>\n<p>Qeyd olundu\u011fu kimi, i\u015f\u011faldan azad edilmi\u015f regionlarda, o c\u00fcml\u0259d\u0259n Qaraba\u011f v\u0259 \u015e\u0259rqi Z\u0259ng\u0259zur iqtisadi rayonlar\u0131nda sosial-iqtisadi h\u0259yat\u0131n dir\u00e7\u0259ldilm\u0259si fonunda \u00f6z\u0259l sahibkarl\u0131q fa\u0259liyy\u0259tinin \u0259v\u0259zsiz rolu olacaqd\u0131r. T\u0259dqiqat i\u015finin predmetin\u0259 m\u00fcvafiq olaraq i\u015f\u011faldan azad edilmi\u015f regionlarda sahibkarl\u0131q m\u00fchitinin formala\u015fmas\u0131 il\u0259 m\u00fc\u015ft\u0259r\u0259k (ortaql\u0131) biznesin inki\u015faf\u0131na da \u0259laveri\u015fli \u015f\u0259rait yaranacaqd\u0131r. Yuxar\u0131da qeyd edilmi\u015f statistik g\u00f6st\u0259ricil\u0259r v\u0259 eyni zamanda proqnozla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f f\u0259aliyy\u0259tl\u0259r m\u0259\u015f\u011fullu\u011fun art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, i\u015fsizliyin azald\u0131lmas\u0131 v\u0259 h\u0259min \u0259razil\u0259rd\u0259 m\u00fc\u015ft\u0259r\u0259k biznes subyektl\u0259rinin perspektivl\u0259rinin y\u00fcks\u0259ldilm\u0259si \u00e7\u0259r\u00e7iv\u0259sind\u0259 apar\u0131lm\u0131\u015f t\u0259dqiqat i\u015finin aktuall\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6st\u0259rir.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>M\u00fc\u015ft\u0259r\u0259k biznes strukturlar\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>M\u00fc\u015ft\u0259r\u0259k biznesd\u0259n dan\u0131\u015f\u0131lark\u0259n ilk n\u00f6vb\u0259d\u0259 \u201cm\u00fc\u015ft\u0259r\u0259k m\u00fc\u0259ssis\u0259\u201d anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131na diqq\u0259t yetirm\u0259k laz\u0131md\u0131r. \u00d6lk\u0259mizd\u0259 v\u0259 Q\u0259rb \u0259d\u0259biyyatlar\u0131nda bu tip m\u00fc\u0259ssis\u0259l\u0259rin (joint ventures) xarakteristikas\u0131 m\u00fcxt\u0259lif meyarlar \u00fczr\u0259 m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259nl\u0259\u015fdirilmi\u015fdir. Bel\u0259 ki, m\u00fc\u015ft\u0259r\u0259k m\u00fc\u0259ssis\u0259 dedikd\u0259, beyn\u0259lxalq biznes \u0259laq\u0259l\u0259rinin \u00e7oxt\u0259r\u0259fli istiqam\u0259tl\u0259r\u0259 daxil olan, t\u0259s\u0259rr\u00fcfat\u0131n t\u0259\u015fkilinin spesifik h\u00fcquqi formas\u0131 ba\u015fa d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcl\u00fcr v\u0259 o, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dak\u0131 x\u00fcsusiyy\u0259tl\u0259r\u0259 malikdir [7, s.101]:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>M\u00fc\u015ft\u0259r\u0259k m\u00fc\u0259ssis\u0259l\u0259r iki v\u0259 daha \u00e7ox t\u0259s\u0259rr\u00fcfat subyektinin aktivl\u0259rinin m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n q\u0259d\u0259r b\u00f6l\u00fc\u015fd\u00fcr\u00fclm\u0259si yolu il\u0259 v\u0259 ya m\u00fc\u0259ssis\u0259d\u0259 pay\u00e7\u0131 olan h\u0259r k\u0259sin kapital qoyulu\u015fu etm\u0259si il\u0259 yarad\u0131l\u0131r;<\/li>\n<li>Bu tip m\u00fc\u0259ssis\u0259l\u0259r istehsal, m\u0259hsul (i\u015f, xidm\u0259t) sat\u0131\u015f\u0131, maliyy\u0259, elmi-t\u0259dqiqat i\u015fl\u0259rinin apar\u0131lmas\u0131 sah\u0259sind\u0259 f\u0259aliyy\u0259t g\u00f6st\u0259r\u0259 bil\u0259r;<\/li>\n<li>T\u0259r\u0259fda\u015flar s\u0259lahiyy\u0259t\u0259 malik olmaqla h\u0259m d\u0259 m\u00fc\u0259ssis\u0259nin idar\u0259 edilm\u0259sind\u0259 \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tli d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259d\u0259 m\u0259suliyy\u0259t da\u015f\u0131y\u0131rlar;<\/li>\n<li>Nizamnam\u0259 kapital\u0131n\u0131n qoyulu\u015fu uzunm\u00fcdd\u0259tli d\u00f6vr \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259 tutulur;<\/li>\n<li>M\u00fc\u015ft\u0259r\u0259k sahibkarl\u0131q f\u0259aliyy\u0259ti t\u0259r\u0259fda\u015flar\u0131n m\u0259suliyy\u0259tl\u0259rinin v\u0259 s\u0259lahiyy\u0259tl\u0259rinin b\u00f6l\u00fc\u015fd\u00fcr\u00fclm\u0259si il\u0259 birg\u0259 h\u0259r bir i\u015ftirak\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n f\u0259aliyy\u0259tinin yaln\u0131z bir hiss\u0259sini \u00f6z\u00fcnd\u0259 ehtiva edir;<\/li>\n<li>M\u00fc\u0259ssis\u0259nin m\u0259nf\u0259\u0259tind\u0259 v\u0259 z\u0259r\u0259rind\u0259 t\u0259r\u0259fda\u015flar\u0131n pay\u0131 m\u00fc\u0259ssis\u0259d\u0259 i\u015ftirak pay\u0131na m\u00fct\u0259nasib \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 b\u00f6l\u00fc\u015fd\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcr [7, s.101].<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>M\u00fc\u015ft\u0259r\u0259k m\u00fc\u0259ssis\u0259l\u0259rin yaranmas\u0131 v\u0259 formala\u015fmas\u0131 tarixi \u00e7ox q\u0259dim ke\u00e7mi\u015f\u0259 malik olsa da, onlar\u0131n t\u0259rifi v\u0259 m\u0259naland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 yekdil fikir m\u00f6vcud deyildir. \u00dcmumiyy\u0259tl\u0259, \u201cm\u00fc\u015ft\u0259r\u0259k m\u00fc\u0259ssis\u0259\u201d anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 ilk d\u0259f\u0259 XIX \u0259srd\u0259 Q\u0259rb iqtisad\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131 t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n elm\u0259 g\u0259tirilmi\u015fdir, XX \u0259srd\u0259n ba\u015flayaraq elmi \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259rd\u0259 geni\u015f \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 istifad\u0259 edilm\u0259y\u0259 ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r [1, s.2]. Bununla bel\u0259, m\u00fc\u015ft\u0259r\u0259k m\u00fc\u0259ssis\u0259l\u0259rin a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dak\u0131 \u0259sas t\u0259rifl\u0259rini qeyd ed\u0259r\u0259k onlar\u0131n m\u0259zmununu daha da a\u00e7a bil\u0259rik.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; M\u00fc\u015ft\u0259r\u0259k m\u00fc\u0259ssis\u0259 investisiya yat\u0131r\u0131m\u0131nda i\u015ftirak ed\u0259n yerli v\u0259 xarici biznes subyektl\u0259ri aras\u0131nda ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015f sazi\u015f \u0259sas\u0131nda apar\u0131lan ticar\u0259t, g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u0259n i\u015f v\u0259 g\u00f6st\u0259ril\u0259n xidm\u0259tl\u0259rin m\u0259cmusunu \u0259hat\u0259 edir ki, bu da milli iqtisadiyyat\u0131n inki\u015faf\u0131na z\u0259min yarad\u0131r;<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; M\u00fc\u015ft\u0259r\u0259k m\u00fc\u0259ssis\u0259l\u0259r nizamnam\u0259 kapitallar\u0131 yerli v\u0259 beyn\u0259lxalq kapital\u0131n i\u015ftirak\u0131 il\u0259 yaranan v\u0259 ya formala\u015fan t\u0259s\u0259rr\u00fcfat subyektl\u0259ridir;<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; M\u00fc\u015ft\u0259r\u0259k m\u00fc\u0259ssis\u0259l\u0259r idar\u0259etm\u0259 formas\u0131 ortaql\u0131\u011fa \u0259saslanan, birg\u0259 maliyy\u0259l\u0259\u015fm\u0259 mexanizmi \u0259sas\u0131nda f\u0259aliyy\u0259t g\u00f6st\u0259r\u0259n, m\u0259nf\u0259\u0259t v\u0259 z\u0259r\u0259rin i\u015ftirak\u00e7\u0131lar aras\u0131nda b\u00f6l\u00fc\u015fd\u00fcr\u00fclm\u0259sini n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259 tutan t\u0259s\u0259rr\u00fcfat subyektidir [7, s.103].<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Dar m\u0259nada (funksional olaraq) m\u00fc\u015ft\u0259r\u0259k m\u00fc\u0259ssis\u0259 dedikd\u0259, iki v\u0259 daha art\u0131q \u00f6lk\u0259nin t\u0259r\u0259fda\u015f \u015firk\u0259tl\u0259rinin yat\u0131rd\u0131qlar\u0131 investisiyaya v\u0259 sazi\u015fl\u0259r\u0259 m\u00fcvafiq olaraq planla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lan, t\u0259\u015fkil edil\u0259n, yarad\u0131lan v\u0259 n\u0259zar\u0259t edil\u0259n h\u00fcquqi m\u00fcst\u0259qil t\u0259s\u0259rr\u00fcfat subyekti ba\u015fa d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>\n<p>Onu da qeyd etm\u0259liyik ki, m\u00fc\u015ft\u0259r\u0259k m\u00fc\u0259ssis\u0259l\u0259r birzavodlu (fabrikli) v\u0259 ya \u00e7oxzavodlu ola bil\u0259r [7, s.103]. Birzavodlu m\u00fc\u0259ssis\u0259l\u0259r qrupuna ki\u00e7ik, orta v\u0259 iri sahibkarl\u0131q subyektl\u0259rini daxil ediriks\u0259, \u00e7oxzavodlu m\u00fc\u015ft\u0259r\u0259k m\u00fc\u0259ssis\u0259l\u0259r qrupuna is\u0259 trestl\u0259r, konsernl\u0259r, konqlomeratlar v\u0259 s.-ni aid ed\u0259 bil\u0259rik. M\u00fc\u015ft\u0259r\u0259k m\u00fc\u0259ssis\u0259l\u0259rin sosial-iqtisadi m\u0259zmununu ifad\u0259 ed\u0259rk\u0259n t\u0259r\u0259fda\u015flar\u0131n texnoloji v\u0259 emosional \u0259m\u0259kda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259rini d\u0259 vur\u011fulamaq yerin\u0259 d\u00fc\u015f\u0259rdi. \u00c7\u00fcnki m\u00fc\u015ft\u0259r\u0259k m\u00fc\u0259ssis\u0259d\u0259 pay ortaql\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u015ftirak\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n yum\u015faq v\u0259 s\u0259rt bacar\u0131qlar\u0131 bazar iqtisadiyyat\u0131nda r\u0259qab\u0259tqabiliyy\u0259tliliyin v\u0259 \u201csa\u011f qalma\u011f\u0131n\u201d vacib \u015f\u0259rtl\u0259rind\u0259n biridir v\u0259 m\u00fc\u015ft\u0259r\u0259k m\u00fc\u0259ssis\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 t\u0259r\u0259fda\u015fl\u0131q \u0259laq\u0259l\u0259rinin bu istiqam\u0259tl\u0259ri d\u00fczg\u00fcn icra edilm\u0259lidir.<\/p>\n<p>Xarici investisiyalar\u0131n milli iqtisadiyyata c\u0259lb edilm\u0259sini, eyni zamanda \u00f6lk\u0259d\u0259 m\u00fc\u015ft\u0259r\u0259k (ortaql\u0131) biznes m\u00fchitinin stimulla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 \u015f\u0259rtl\u0259ndir\u0259n amill\u0259ri amerikal\u0131 iqtisad\u00e7\u0131 S.Kuznets a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dak\u0131 \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 t\u0259sbit etmi\u015fdir:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Maliyy\u0259 v\u0259saitl\u0259rin\u0259 q\u0259na\u0259tin h\u0259cminin az olmas\u0131 milli iqtisadiyyata \u0259lav\u0259 xarici investisiyalar\u0131n c\u0259lb edilm\u0259sini \u015f\u0259rtl\u0259ndirir. Bel\u0259 ki, inki\u015faf etm\u0259kd\u0259 olan \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 q\u0259na\u0259t\u0259 meyil o q\u0259d\u0259r a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 s\u0259viyy\u0259d\u0259dir ki, iqtisadi inki\u015faf v\u0259 iqtisadi art\u0131ma t\u0259kan ver\u0259 bil\u0259c\u0259k fondlar\u0131n yarad\u0131lmas\u0131 prosesi l\u0259ngiyir;<\/li>\n<li>\u0130nki\u015faf etm\u0259kd\u0259 olan \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 istehlak m\u0259hsullar\u0131 istehsal\u0131na s\u0259rf edil\u0259n resurslar (istehsal amill\u0259ri) c\u0259miyy\u0259tin m\u0259hsuldar istehsal\u0131na s\u0259rf edil\u0259n resurslardan qat-qat azd\u0131r. Ba\u015fqa s\u00f6zl\u0259, istehsal amill\u0259rin\u0259 real q\u0259na\u0259t\u0259 meyillilik c\u0259miyy\u0259tin n\u00fcmay\u0259nd\u0259l\u0259ri aras\u0131nda a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 s\u0259viyy\u0259d\u0259dir. Bu bax\u0131mdan da m\u0259hsuldar istehsala (iqtisadiyyat\u0131n real sektoru \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn) yat\u0131r\u0131lan investisiyan\u0131n b\u00f6y\u00fck hiss\u0259si xarici maliyy\u0259 v\u0259saitl\u0259ri hesab\u0131na t\u0259min edilir;<\/li>\n<li>B\u0259zi inki\u015faf etm\u0259kd\u0259 olan d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259rd\u0259 xarici resurslar\u0131n c\u0259lb edilm\u0259si \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn xarici valyuta ehtiyatlar\u0131n\u0131n azl\u0131\u011f\u0131 m\u00fc\u015fahid\u0259 edilir. Bu bax\u0131mdan h\u0259min aktivl\u0259rin \u0259ld\u0259 edilm\u0259si \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn xarici portfel investisiyalara \u00f6n\u0259m duyulur [7, s.106].<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Yuxar\u0131da sadalanan faktorlar\u0131n fonunda bel\u0259 n\u0259tic\u0259y\u0259 g\u0259lm\u0259k olar ki, \u00f6lk\u0259d\u0259 xarici investisiyalar\u0131n pay\u0131n\u0131n artmas\u0131, bununla da m\u00fc\u015ft\u0259r\u0259k biznesin formala\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n \u0259sas s\u0259b\u0259bl\u0259rini q\u0131sa \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 istehlaka meyillilik, iqtisadiyyat\u0131n real sektoruna yerli yat\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n az olmas\u0131 (\u00dcDM-in azl\u0131\u011f\u0131) v\u0259 xarici d\u00f6n\u0259rli valyutaya ehtiyac kimi qiym\u0259tl\u0259ndir\u0259 bil\u0259rik.<\/p>\n<p>\u0130\u015f\u011faldan azad edilmi\u015f regionlarda m\u00fc\u015ft\u0259r\u0259k biznesin formala\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n z\u0259ruri \u015f\u0259rtl\u0259rind\u0259n biri h\u0259min \u0259razil\u0259r\u0259 xarici investisiyalar\u0131n c\u0259lb edilm\u0259sidir. \u0130ngilis iqtisad\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 K.Leyton \u00f6z \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259rind\u0259 vur\u011fulay\u0131r ki, bazar iqtisadiyyat\u0131na yenic\u0259 daxil olmu\u015f v\u0259 ya ke\u00e7id iqtisadi sistemind\u0259 f\u0259aliyy\u0259t g\u00f6st\u0259r\u0259n inki\u015faf etm\u0259kd\u0259 olan \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259r beyn\u0259lxalq \u0259m\u0259k b\u00f6lg\u00fcs\u00fcnd\u0259 i\u015ftirak etm\u0259k ist\u0259yirl\u0259rs\u0259, xarici iqtisadi \u0259laq\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 onlar\u0131n geni\u015f sur\u0259td\u0259 i\u015ftirak\u0131 vacibdir [7, s.105]. Az\u0259rbaycan d\u00f6vl\u0259tinin m\u00fcst\u0259qillik qazand\u0131qdan sonra beyn\u0259lxalq maliyy\u0259 institutlar\u0131 il\u0259 birg\u0259 \u0259m\u0259kda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 icra etdiyi m\u00fcxt\u0259lif irih\u0259cmli layih\u0259l\u0259rin \u0259sas\u0131nda da bu tip \u0259laq\u0259l\u0259r durur. M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, Qaraba\u011f v\u0259 \u015e\u0259rqi Z\u0259ng\u0259zur iqtisadi rayonlar\u0131n\u0131n b\u00f6y\u00fck h\u0259cmd\u0259 ya\u015f\u0131l enerji resurslar\u0131 m\u00f6vcuddur. Bel\u0259 ki, hesablamalara g\u00f6r\u0259, i\u015f\u011faldan azad edilmi\u015f regionlarda alternativ enerji resurslar\u0131n\u0131n h\u0259cmi 4500 meqavatdan \u00e7oxdur. Bununla \u0259laq\u0259dar olaraq m\u00fcxt\u0259lif transmilli korporasiyalar, o c\u00fcml\u0259d\u0259n \u0130ngilt\u0259r\u0259nin BP \u015firk\u0259ti C\u0259bray\u0131l-Z\u0259ngilan \u0259razisind\u0259 g\u00fcn\u0259\u015f enerjisind\u0259n istifad\u0259 il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 layih\u0259 t\u0259klifi formas\u0131n\u0131 aidiyy\u0259ti qurumlara t\u0259qdim etmi\u015fdir v\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan Respublikas\u0131 Energetika Nazirliyi il\u0259 BP aras\u0131nda bu m\u00f6vzuda m\u00fczakir\u0259l\u0259r m\u00fcsb\u0259t istiqam\u0259td\u0259 davam etm\u0259kd\u0259dir [9, s.4].<\/p>\n<p>Qaraba\u011fda investisiya layih\u0259l\u0259rinin realla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 prosesinda yax\u0131ndan i\u015ftirak ed\u0259n \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259n biri kimi qarda\u015f T\u00fcrkiy\u0259nin \u201cZiraat Bank\u201d \u015firk\u0259ti art\u0131q \u015eu\u015fa \u015f\u0259h\u0259rind\u0259 filial a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131 il\u0259 \u0259laq\u0259dar \u00f6lk\u0259mizin bank sektoru n\u00fcmay\u0259nd\u0259l\u0259ri il\u0259 raz\u0131l\u0131\u011fa g\u0259lmi\u015fdir [9, s.11]. O c\u00fcml\u0259d\u0259n T\u00dcMK\u0130AD-\u0131n (T\u00fcm Kalk\u0131nma ve Giri\u015fimci \u0130\u015f \u0130nsanlar\u0131 Derne\u011fi) \u0130dar\u0259 Hey\u0259tinin s\u0259dri regionda tekstil sah\u0259sinin inki\u015faf etdirilm\u0259si \u00e7\u0259r\u00e7iv\u0259sind\u0259 50 milyon dollar investisiya yat\u0131rma\u011f\u0131 planla\u015fd\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 da a\u00e7\u0131qlam\u0131\u015fd\u0131r [9, s.11].<\/p>\n<p>Qaraba\u011f regionunda m\u00fc\u015ft\u0259r\u0259k biznesin inki\u015faf prioritetl\u0259rind\u0259n biri d\u0259 s\u0259naye sah\u0259l\u0259rinin fasil\u0259siz f\u0259aliyy\u0259tinin t\u0259min edilm\u0259si, \u0259n\u0259n\u0259vi sah\u0259l\u0259rin iqtisadi h\u0259yata geri qaytar\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r. Bel\u0259 ki, \u201cAz\u0259rbaycan 2030: sosial-iqtisadi inki\u015fafa dair\u201d Milli Prioritetl\u0259rd\u0259 i\u015f\u011faldan azad edilmi\u015f regionlarda s\u0259naye parklar\u0131n\u0131n, iri m\u00fc\u0259ssis\u0259l\u0259rin yarad\u0131lmas\u0131 da iqtisadi canlanman\u0131n m\u00fch\u00fcm t\u0259kanverici elementi say\u0131la bil\u0259r. Dig\u0259r t\u0259r\u0259fd\u0259n, \u00f6lk\u0259mizd\u0259 qeyri-neft sektorunun potensial\u0131n\u0131n 50%-\u0259 \u00e7atd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn s\u0259naye sah\u0259l\u0259rinin inki\u015faf\u0131nda Qaraba\u011f v\u0259 \u015e\u0259rqi Z\u0259ng\u0259zur iqtisadi rayonlar\u0131n\u0131n \u0259lveri\u015fli relyefi, z\u0259ngin faydal\u0131 qaz\u0131nt\u0131 yataqlar\u0131 m\u00f6vcuddur [9, s.5]. Bu yataqlar\u0131n istismar\u0131, hasilat v\u0259 emal s\u0259nayesinin f\u0259aliyy\u0259tinin b\u0259rpas\u0131 regionda iqtisadi canlanmaya v\u0259 eyni zamanda m\u00fc\u015ft\u0259r\u0259k m\u00fc\u0259ssis\u0259l\u0259rin d\u0259 yarad\u0131lmas\u0131na s\u0259b\u0259b olacaqd\u0131r. 1988-ci ilin r\u0259smi statistik m\u0259lumatlar\u0131na \u0259sas\u0259n, Az\u0259rbaycan SSR-in s\u0259naye m\u0259hsullar\u0131 istehsal\u0131n\u0131n 4,8 %-i m\u0259hz M\u0259rk\u0259zi Qaraba\u011f (h\u0259min d\u00f6vr \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn) iqtisadi rayonunun pay\u0131na d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015fd\u00fcr. Bel\u0259 ki, I Qaraba\u011f m\u00fcharib\u0259sin\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r adamba\u015f\u0131na d\u00fc\u015f\u0259n s\u0259naye m\u0259hsuluna g\u00f6r\u0259 Bak\u0131-Sumqay\u0131t v\u0259 G\u0259nc\u0259-Qazax iqtisadi rayonlar\u0131ndan sonra 3-c\u00fc yerd\u0259 q\u0259rarla\u015fan M\u0259rk\u0259zi Qaraba\u011f iqtisadi rayonunda apar\u0131c\u0131 s\u0259naye sah\u0259l\u0259ri, \u0259sas\u0259n, elektrotexnika, ip\u0259k\u00e7ilik, \u00fcz\u00fcm\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fck v\u0259 a\u011fac emal\u0131 sah\u0259l\u0259ri olmu\u015fdur [14]. H\u0259tta i\u015f\u011fal d\u00f6vr\u00fcn\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r iqtisadi rayonun \u0259sas m\u0259rk\u0259zi olan X\u0259nk\u0259ndid\u0259 (45%-\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r) k\u0259la\u011fay\u0131 ip\u0259yinin toxunma zavodlar\u0131 m\u00f6vcud idi. Eyni zamanda regionun yerli \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tli istehsal sah\u0259l\u0259ri, o c\u00fcml\u0259d\u0259n ma\u015f\u0131nqay\u0131rma v\u0259 tikinti materiallar\u0131 hasilat\u0131 v\u0259 emal\u0131 da m\u00fch\u00fcm yer tutmu\u015fdur. Postkonflikt d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259 h\u0259min \u0259razil\u0259rin t\u0259bii iqlim \u015f\u0259raiti v\u0259 relyefini, t\u0259bii ehtiyatlar\u0131n\u0131 n\u0259z\u0259r\u0259 alaraq yuxar\u0131da sadalanm\u0131\u015f sah\u0259l\u0259rin yenid\u0259n canlanmas\u0131na nail olmaq m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n<p>Bununla ba\u011fl\u0131 olaraq 2021-ci ild\u0259 t\u0259rkibind\u0259 bir ne\u00e7\u0259 MMC-ni, o c\u00fcml\u0259d\u0259n AMEA-n\u0131n (indi Elm v\u0259 T\u0259hsil Nazirliyinin n\u0259zdind\u0259 f\u0259aliyy\u0259t g\u00f6st\u0259r\u0259n) \u0130dar\u0259etm\u0259 Sisteml\u0259ri \u0130nstitutunu birl\u0259\u015fdir\u0259n m\u00fc\u015ft\u0259r\u0259k m\u00fc\u0259ssis\u0259 olan \u201cB\u00f6y\u00fck Qay\u0131d\u0131\u015f\u201d konsorsiumu h\u0259min \u0259razil\u0259rd\u0259 k\u0259nd t\u0259s\u0259rr\u00fcfat\u0131n\u0131n m\u00f6vcud v\u0259ziyy\u0259tinin t\u0259hlilinin apar\u0131lmas\u0131 v\u0259 g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u0259c\u0259k i\u015fl\u0259rin strateji bax\u0131mdan qiym\u0259tl\u0259ndirilm\u0259si istiqam\u0259tind\u0259 m\u00fch\u00fcm add\u0131mlar atm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r [10]. \u201cB\u00f6y\u00fck Qay\u0131d\u0131\u015f\u201d konsorsiumu eyni zamanda F\u00fczuli rayonunun Horadiz q\u0259s\u0259b\u0259sind\u0259 sal\u0131nacaq \u201cA\u011f\u0131ll\u0131 k\u0259nd\u201d layih\u0259sinin icras\u0131n\u0131 da \u00fcz\u0259rin\u0259 g\u00f6t\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015fd\u00fcr. S\u0259naye parklar\u0131n\u0131n yarad\u0131lmas\u0131, elmi-texniki yenilikl\u0259rin t\u0259tbiqini n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259 tutan layih\u0259d\u0259 h\u0259m d\u0259 \u00f6lk\u0259 \u00fczr\u0259 demoqrafik disbalans\u0131n aradan qald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn b\u00f6y\u00fck z\u0259min yaranm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Qaraba\u011f regionunda turizmin inki\u015faf\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn d\u0259 b\u00f6y\u00fck \u015f\u0259rait m\u00f6vcuddur. Ki\u00e7ik Qafqaz s\u0131ra da\u011flar\u0131n\u0131n m\u00f6vcudlu\u011fu, \u0259lveri\u015fli iqlimi v\u0259 \u0259srar\u0259ngiz t\u0259bi\u0259ti il\u0259 g\u00f6z ox\u015fayan regionun turizm potensial\u0131 maksimum d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259d\u0259 istifad\u0259 edilm\u0259lidir. Qeyd olunan \u0259razil\u0259rin d\u0259niz s\u0259viyy\u0259sind\u0259n 1000-2000 metr y\u00fcks\u0259klikd\u0259 olmas\u0131, m\u00fclayim-soyuq iqlimin, da\u011f\u0259t\u0259yi \u0259razil\u0259rd\u0259 is\u0259 nisb\u0259t\u0259n isti iqlimin m\u00f6vcudlu\u011fu, m\u00f6vs\u00fcmi ya\u011f\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n 500-900 mm-\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r olmas\u0131 bu regionu da\u011f v\u0259 ekoturizmin inki\u015faf\u0131 bax\u0131m\u0131ndan dig\u0259r iqtisadi rayonlardan f\u0259rql\u0259ndirir [8, s.4]. Bundan \u0259lav\u0259, kurort-sa\u011flaml\u0131q turizminin inki\u015faf\u0131 da istisna edilmir.<\/p>\n<p>Ekoturizmin inki\u015faf etdirilm\u0259sinin \u0259sas meyarlar\u0131ndan biri kimi Qaraba\u011f v\u0259 \u015e\u0259rqi Z\u0259ng\u0259zur iqtisadi rayonlar\u0131nda t\u0259bii g\u00f6ll\u0259rin m\u00f6vcudlu\u011fudur. H\u0259min \u0259razil\u0259rd\u0259 yerl\u0259\u015f\u0259n 7 g\u00f6l\u00fcn (B\u00f6y\u00fck Alag\u00f6l, Ki\u00e7ik Alag\u00f6l, Qarag\u00f6l, Zalxag\u00f6l, \u0130\u015f\u0131ql\u0131 Qarag\u00f6l, Canl\u0131 g\u00f6l, T\u0259rt\u0259r \u00e7ay\u0131n\u0131n qolu say\u0131lan Tora\u011fa\u00e7ayda Qarag\u00f6l) susuz qalm\u0131\u015f ya\u015f\u0131ll\u0131qlar\u0131n yenid\u0259n dir\u00e7\u0259ldilm\u0259sind\u0259 istifad\u0259 edilm\u0259si, \u015firin su ehtiyatlar\u0131n\u0131n qar\u015f\u0131lanmas\u0131 bax\u0131m\u0131ndan \u00f6n\u0259mi dan\u0131lmazd\u0131r [6, s.15]. 1976-c\u0131 ild\u0259 T\u0259rt\u0259r \u00e7ay\u0131 \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 in\u015fa edilmi\u015f S\u0259rs\u0259ng su anbar\u0131n\u0131n tutumunun 560 mln. kub metr olmas\u0131n\u0131 v\u0259 90-c\u0131 ill\u0259r\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r 79 min ha-dan \u00e7ox \u0259razini su il\u0259 t\u0259min etm\u0259sini n\u0259z\u0259r\u0259 alaraq i\u015f\u011fal d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259n sonrak\u0131 da\u011f\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n b\u0259rpas\u0131 da d\u00f6vl\u0259timizin k\u0259nd t\u0259s\u0259rr\u00fcfat\u0131 v\u0259 turizm sektorlar\u0131n\u0131n yenid\u0259n \u015f\u0259kill\u0259ndirilm\u0259si bax\u0131m\u0131ndan \u0259sas prioritet m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259n biri say\u0131l\u0131r [8, s.3]<\/p>\n<p>COVID-19 pandemiyas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6lk\u0259mizd\u0259 t\u0259s\u0259rr\u00fcfat\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn sah\u0259l\u0259ri kimi turizm sektoruna da m\u0259nfi t\u0259sir etm\u0259si bu sah\u0259y\u0259 yat\u0131r\u0131lan investisiyalar\u0131n azalmas\u0131na s\u0259b\u0259b olmu\u015fdur. M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, q\u0259bul edilmi\u015f v\u0259 g\u00f6nd\u0259rilmi\u015f turistl\u0259r \u00fczr\u0259 2019-cu ill\u0259 m\u00fcqayis\u0259d\u0259 2020-ci ild\u0259 58,9 %-\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r azalma olmu\u015fdur ki, bu da turizm v\u0259 \u00fcmumilikd\u0259 ictimai ia\u015f\u0259 obyektl\u0259rinin f\u0259aliyy\u0259tinin stimulla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 istiqam\u0259tind\u0259 821 milyon manat yat\u0131r\u0131m dem\u0259kdir [14]. Postpandemiya v\u0259 postkonflikt d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259 i\u015f\u011faldan azad edilmi\u015f regionlarda turizmin inki\u015faf\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u201cAz\u0259rbaycan 2030: sosial-iqtisadi inki\u015fafa dair\u201d Milli Prioritetl\u0259rd\u0259 d\u0259 qeyd olunmu\u015f reinteqrasiya v\u0259 davaml\u0131 m\u0259skunla\u015fma m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259rinin \u00f6n plana \u00e7\u0131xmas\u0131 h\u0259min \u0259razil\u0259r\u0259 yax\u0131n v\u0259 uzaq perspektivd\u0259 b\u00f6y\u00fck yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n olaca\u011f\u0131ndan x\u0259b\u0259r verir.<\/p>\n<p>\u00dcmumilikd\u0259, Qaraba\u011f v\u0259 \u015e\u0259rqi Z\u0259ng\u0259zur iqtisadi rayonlar\u0131n\u0131n dir\u00e7\u0259ldilm\u0259sind\u0259, orada sahibkarl\u0131q m\u00fchitinin formala\u015fmas\u0131nda, reinteqrasiya prosesinin yenid\u0259n \u015f\u0259kill\u0259ndirilm\u0259sind\u0259 vergi, sosial \u00f6d\u0259ni\u015f g\u00fcz\u0259\u015ftl\u0259rinin v\u0259 azadolmalar\u0131n\u0131n t\u0259tbiqi d\u0259 \u0259sas motiv kimi qeyd edil\u0259 bil\u0259r. Bel\u0259 ki, Ki\u00e7ik v\u0259 Orta Biznesin \u0130nki\u015faf\u0131 Agentliyinin (KOB\u0130A) h\u0259min \u0259razil\u0259r \u00fczr\u0259 strateji plan\u0131na m\u00fcvafiq olaraq Agentlik r\u0259smi \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 f\u0259rdi sahibkarlara v\u0259 h\u00fcquqi \u015f\u0259xsl\u0259r\u0259 birg\u0259 f\u0259aliyy\u0259t \u00fczr\u0259 \u0259m\u0259kda\u015fl\u0131q t\u0259klif etmi\u015fdir. T\u0259klifin \u0259hat\u0259 etdiyi biznes predmetl\u0259ri hotel, ictimai ia\u015f\u0259, aptek, avtomobil servis m\u0259rk\u0259zl\u0259ri, avtoyuma m\u0259rk\u0259zl\u0259ri, \u00e7ama\u015f\u0131rxana v\u0259 quru t\u0259mizl\u0259m\u0259, t\u0259mizlik v\u0259 y\u00fckda\u015f\u0131ma xidm\u0259tl\u0259ri, in\u015faat mallar\u0131 ma\u011fazas\u0131 v\u0259 s. y\u00f6n\u00fcnd\u0259 olmu\u015fdur [12].<\/p>\n<p>Yuxar\u0131da qeyd etdiyimiz azadolma v\u0259 g\u00fcz\u0259\u015ftl\u0259rin i\u015f\u011faldan azad edilmi\u015f regionlarda m\u00fc\u015ft\u0259r\u0259k biznesi stimulla\u015fd\u0131rmaqla xarici investorlar\u0131n, TMK-l\u0259rin f\u0259al \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 t\u0259s\u0259rr\u00fcfat prosesin\u0259 c\u0259lb edilm\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 imkan ver\u0259c\u0259yi istisna edilmir. Bel\u0259 ki, postkonflikt d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259 Vergi M\u0259c\u0259ll\u0259sin\u0259 edil\u0259n \u0259lav\u0259 v\u0259 d\u0259yi\u015fiklikl\u0259r fonunda \u201c\u0130\u015f\u011faldan azad edilmi\u015f \u0259razil\u0259rd\u0259 t\u0259tbiq edil\u0259n vergitutma x\u00fcsusiyy\u0259tl\u0259ri\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131ql\u0131 XIX f\u0259sild\u0259 azadolman\u0131n \u015famil olundu\u011fu f\u0259aliyy\u0259t istiqam\u0259tl\u0259ri \u00f6z \u0259ksini tapm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. H\u0259min f\u0259slin 227-ci madd\u0259sind\u0259 vergiy\u0259 c\u0259lb edilm\u0259y\u0259n g\u0259lirl\u0259rin, renta v\u0259 dividentl\u0259rin hans\u0131 m\u00fcdd\u0259t\u0259 bu g\u00fcz\u0259\u015ftl\u0259r\u0259 daxil edilm\u0259si d\u0259 qeyd edilmi\u015fdir:<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; \u0130\u015f\u011faldan azad edilmi\u015f \u0259razinin rezidentl\u0259ri 2023-c\u00fc il yanvar\u0131n 1-d\u0259n etibar\u0259n 10 il m\u00fcdd\u0259tind\u0259 m\u0259nf\u0259\u0259t (g\u0259lir), \u0259mlak, torpaq v\u0259 sad\u0259l\u0259\u015fdirilmi\u015f vergid\u0259n azadd\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; \u018fDV-nin m\u0259qs\u0259dl\u0259ri \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn qeydiyyatda olan rezidentl\u0259r siyah\u0131s\u0131 t\u0259sdiq edilmi\u015f iqtisadi f\u0259aliyy\u0259t sah\u0259l\u0259ri v\u0259 mal nomenklaturalar\u0131 \u00fczr\u0259 texnikan\u0131n, texnoloji avadanl\u0131qlar\u0131n v\u0259 qur\u011fular\u0131n, habel\u0259 xammal v\u0259 materiallar\u0131n idxal\u0131na g\u00f6r\u0259 2023-c\u00fc il yanvar\u0131n 1-d\u0259n etibar\u0259n 10 (on) il m\u00fcdd\u0259tind\u0259 \u018fDV-d\u0259n azadd\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; \u0130\u015f\u011faldan azad edilmi\u015f \u0259razinin rezidenti olan h\u00fcquqi \u015f\u0259xsl\u0259rin s\u0259hmdarlar\u0131n\u0131n (pay\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n) dividend g\u0259lirl\u0259ri 2023-c\u00fc il yanvar\u0131n 1-d\u0259n etibar\u0259n 10 il m\u00fcdd\u0259tind\u0259 vergid\u0259n azadd\u0131r [12].<\/p>\n<p>Bel\u0259likl\u0259, i\u015f\u011faldan azad edilmi\u015f regionlarda t\u0259s\u0259rr\u00fcfat\u0131n m\u00fcxt\u0259lif sah\u0259l\u0259rinin inki\u015faf\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn d\u00f6vl\u0259t t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n stimulla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 t\u0259dbirl\u0259rin g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u0259si d\u0259 investisiyalar\u0131n art\u0131m\u0131na, h\u0259min \u0259razil\u0259rd\u0259 \u015f\u0259rikli biznesin yarad\u0131lmas\u0131 v\u0259 inki\u015faf\u0131na \u00f6z t\u00f6hf\u0259sini ver\u0259c\u0259kdir. Eyni zamanda \u00f6lk\u0259mizd\u0259 maliyy\u0259 bazarlar\u0131n\u0131n inkl\u00fcziv inki\u015faf\u0131 v\u0259 innovativ m\u0259hsullar\u0131n inteqrasiyas\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn 31 yanvar 2024-c\u00fc ild\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan Respublikas\u0131n\u0131n M\u0259rk\u0259zi Bank\u0131 t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n q\u0259bul edilmi\u015f \u201cX\u00fcsusi t\u0259nziml\u0259m\u0259 rejiminin t\u0259tbiq edilm\u0259si Qaydas\u0131\u201d \u00f6lk\u0259d\u0259 h\u0259l\u0259lik pilot layih\u0259 kimi alternativ maliyy\u0259l\u0259\u015fm\u0259 m\u0259nb\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 \u00e7\u0131x\u0131\u015f\u0131n t\u0259min edilm\u0259sind\u0259 apar\u0131c\u0131 rola malik olacaqd\u0131r. Bel\u0259 ki, h\u0259min Qayda M\u0259rk\u0259zi Bank\u0131n \u0130dar\u0259 Hey\u0259ti t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n t\u0259sdiq edilmi\u015f \u201c2024-2026-c\u0131 ill\u0259rd\u0259 maliyy\u0259 sektorunun inki\u015faf Strategiyas\u0131\u201d \u0259sas\u0131nda i\u015ftirak\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n M\u0259rk\u0259zi Banka innovativ m\u0259hsullar t\u0259qdim etm\u0259sin\u0259, onu realla\u015fd\u0131rmas\u0131na v\u0259 maliyy\u0259 institutlar\u0131n\u0131n \u015f\u0259ffaf \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 f\u0259aliyy\u0259tin\u0259 t\u0259kan ver\u0259c\u0259kdir. Bununla da \u00f6lk\u0259 \u0259razisind\u0259, o c\u00fcml\u0259d\u0259n i\u015f\u011faldan azad edilmi\u015f regionlarda alternativ maliyy\u0259 m\u0259hsullar\u0131n\u0131n t\u0259tbiqi investisiya layih\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 \u0259l\u00e7atanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 t\u0259min ed\u0259c\u0259kdir.<\/p>\n<p>Strategiyada \u0259riz\u0259\u00e7il\u0259r t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n t\u0259qdim edil\u0259 bil\u0259c\u0259k innovativ maliyy\u0259 m\u0259hsullar\u0131ndan biri d\u0259 \u0130slam maliyy\u0259 al\u0259ti say\u0131lan sukuk (\u0130slam qiym\u0259tli ka\u011f\u0131z\u0131) \u00f6z \u0259ksini tapm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r [13]. Sukuk al\u0259tinin \u0259sas\u0131n\u0131 \u015f\u0259rikli maliyy\u0259 prinsipl\u0259ri il\u0259 qiym\u0259tli ka\u011f\u0131z\u0131n emissiyas\u0131, al\u0131n\u0131b-sat\u0131lmas\u0131 t\u0259\u015fkil edir. Sukuk f\u0259rdi, yaxud \u00fcmumi kapitalda i\u015ftiraka dair pay s\u0259n\u0259didir [15]. Sukuk il\u0259 \u0259ld\u0259 edil\u0259n pay g\u0259lirl\u0259ri dig\u0259r \u0259n\u0259n\u0259vi qiym\u0259tli ka\u011f\u0131zlardan (m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, istiqraz, s\u0259hm) f\u0259rqli olaraq yaln\u0131z \u0130slam h\u00fcququ il\u0259 t\u0259sbitini tapm\u0131\u015f m\u0259hsullar (real sektor) \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259n \u0259ld\u0259 edil\u0259 bil\u0259r. H\u0259m\u00e7inin sukuk innovativ m\u0259hsul olmaqla i\u015ftirak\u00e7\u0131l\u0131q bax\u0131m\u0131ndan s\u0259hm\u0259, g\u0259lirg\u0259tirm\u0259 bax\u0131m\u0131ndan is\u0259 istiqraza b\u0259nz\u0259yir. \u0130\u015f\u011faldan azad edilmi\u015f regionlarda bu tip innovativ maliyy\u0259 al\u0259tl\u0259rinin t\u0259tbiqi g\u0259l\u0259c\u0259kd\u0259 alternativ bazara \u00e7\u0131x\u0131\u015f imkanlar\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn b\u00f6y\u00fck rol oynayacaqd\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>T\u0259dqiqat i\u015fimizl\u0259 \u0259laq\u0259dar olaraq \u201c\u0130\u015f\u011faldan azad edilmi\u015f regionlarda m\u00fc\u015ft\u0259r\u0259k m\u00fc\u0259ssis\u0259l\u0259rin f\u0259aliyy\u0259t perspektivl\u0259ri\u201d ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda sor\u011fu ke\u00e7irilmi\u015f, sor\u011fuya 70 n\u0259f\u0259r t\u0259dqiqat\u00e7\u0131, t\u0259l\u0259b\u0259 v\u0259 m\u00fc\u0259llim c\u0259lb edilmi\u015fdir. Onlayn \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 icra edil\u0259n sor\u011fuda nisb\u0259t\u0259n ki\u015fi respondentl\u0259rin say\u0131 \u00e7ox olmaqla, ortalama ya\u015f 30 olaraq m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n edilmi\u015fdir.<\/p>\n<p>Sor\u011fuda 2 \u0259sas m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259 \u2013 m\u00fc\u015ft\u0259r\u0259k m\u00fc\u0259ssis\u0259l\u0259r bar\u0259d\u0259 i\u015ftirak\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n m\u0259lumatl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 v\u0259 t\u0259s\u0259vv\u00fcr\u00fc, m\u00fc\u015ft\u0259r\u0259k m\u00fc\u0259ssis\u0259l\u0259rin v\u0259 m\u00fc\u015ft\u0259r\u0259k biznesin Qaraba\u011f v\u0259 \u015e\u0259rqi Z\u0259ng\u0259zur iqtisadi rayonlar\u0131nda hans\u0131 t\u0259s\u0259rr\u00fcfat sah\u0259l\u0259ri \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u0259lveri\u015fli ola bilm\u0259si m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259ri diqq\u0259t\u0259 al\u0131nm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Sor\u011fuda i\u015ftirak ed\u0259nl\u0259rin \u0259ks\u0259riyy\u0259ti (73,2 %) m\u00fc\u015ft\u0259r\u0259k biznesi \u201ciki v\u0259 daha art\u0131q \u015f\u0259xsin bilik v\u0259 bacar\u0131qlar\u0131n\u0131, maliyy\u0259 imkanlar\u0131n\u0131 bir araya g\u0259tir\u0259r\u0259k qurduqlar\u0131 biznes\u201d kimi qiym\u0259tl\u0259ndirmi\u015fl\u0259r. Qaraba\u011f regionunda m\u00fc\u015ft\u0259r\u0259k biznesin \u0259sas\u0259n hans\u0131 sah\u0259d\u0259 formala\u015fa v\u0259 inki\u015faf etdiril\u0259 bilm\u0259si il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 sual\u0131m\u0131za sor\u011fu i\u015ftirak\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n b\u00f6y\u00fck hiss\u0259si \u201ck\u0259nd t\u0259s\u0259rr\u00fcfat\u0131&#8221;n\u0131 v\u0259 &#8220;turizmi\u201d qeyd etmi\u015fl\u0259r. Qeyd edildiyi kimi, \u00f6lk\u0259mizin da\u011fl\u0131q v\u0259 da\u011f\u0259t\u0259yi regionlar\u0131nda, x\u00fcsusil\u0259 i\u015f\u011faldan azad edilmi\u015f regionlarda ad\u0131\u00e7\u0259kil\u0259n sah\u0259l\u0259rin inki\u015faf perspektivl\u0259ri daha y\u00fcks\u0259kdir:<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>T\u0259dqiqat i\u015fimizd\u0259 qeyd edildiyi ki, Qaraba\u011fda biznes m\u00fchitinin yenid\u0259n \u015f\u0259kill\u0259ndirilm\u0259si v\u0259 reinteqrasiyan\u0131n s\u00fcr\u0259tl\u0259ndirilm\u0259si \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn vacib \u015f\u0259rtl\u0259rd\u0259n biri d\u0259 d\u00f6vl\u0259tin darald\u0131c\u0131 fiskal siyas\u0259t yerid\u0259r\u0259k azadolma v\u0259 g\u00fcz\u0259\u015ftl\u0259r t\u0259tbiq etm\u0259sidir. Sor\u011fu i\u015ftirak\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131ndan 47 n\u0259f\u0259rin fikrinc\u0259, Qaraba\u011f regionunda iqtisadiyyat\u0131n \u00e7i\u00e7\u0259kl\u0259nm\u0259si \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn d\u00f6vl\u0259t qurumlar\u0131n\u0131n, agentlikl\u0259rin f\u0259al i\u015ftirak\u0131, yeni qanun layih\u0259l\u0259rinin, pilot layih\u0259l\u0259rin icras\u0131 \u00f6n\u0259mlidir. A\u015fa\u011f\u0131dak\u0131 qrafikd\u0259n d\u0259 g\u00f6r\u00fcnd\u00fcy\u00fc kimi, regionda m\u00fc\u015ft\u0259r\u0259k biznes m\u00fchitinin formala\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn banklar\u0131n g\u00fcz\u0259\u015ftli, faizsiz kreditl\u0259rinin d\u0259 prioritet ola bil\u0259c\u0259yini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u0259n \u015f\u0259xsl\u0259r \u00e7oxluq t\u0259\u015fkil edir.<\/p>\n<p>Sor\u011fu i\u015ftirak\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131na \u00fcnvanlanan suallardan biri d\u0259 regionda k\u0259nd t\u0259s\u0259rr\u00fcfat\u0131 sah\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259n hans\u0131lar\u0131n inki\u015faf etdiril\u0259 bilm\u0259si il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Respondentl\u0259rin 42 n\u0259f\u0259ri meyv\u0259-t\u0259r\u0259v\u0259z\u00e7ilik t\u0259s\u0259rr\u00fcfat\u0131n\u0131n v\u0259 52 n\u0259f\u0259ri is\u0259 heyvandarl\u0131q t\u0259s\u0259rr\u00fcfat\u0131n\u0131n k\u0259nd t\u0259s\u0259rr\u00fcfat\u0131nda \u00f6n\u0259mli yer\u0259 malik oldu\u011funu qeyd etmi\u015fl\u0259r. Bundan \u0259lav\u0259, texniki bitki\u00e7ilik v\u0259 me\u015f\u0259 t\u0259s\u0259rr\u00fcfat\u0131 sah\u0259l\u0259ri d\u0259 sor\u011fu i\u015ftirak\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n r\u0259yl\u0259ri s\u0131ras\u0131nda \u00fcst s\u0131ralarda yer tutur:<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><strong>Metodologiya<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0130\u015f\u011faldan azad edilmi\u015f regionlarda m\u00fc\u015ft\u0259r\u0259k biznes f\u0259aliyy\u0259ti il\u0259 m\u0259\u015f\u011ful olacaq \u015f\u0259xsl\u0259rin, investorlar\u0131n qar\u015f\u0131la\u015fa bil\u0259c\u0259kl\u0259ri m\u0259nfi v\u0259 m\u00fcsb\u0259t amill\u0259rin n\u0259z\u0259r\u0259 al\u0131nmas\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn t\u0259r\u0259fimizd\u0259n PESTLE (Political, Economic, Social, Technical, Legal, Ecological) analizi apar\u0131lm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Analizin n\u0259tic\u0259sinin \u0259trafl\u0131 izah\u0131na t\u0259dqiqat i\u015fimizin &#8220;N\u0259tic\u0259&#8221; b\u00f6lm\u0259sind\u0259 yer ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>C\u0259dv\u0259l 1. Qaraba\u011f v\u0259 \u015e\u0259rqi Z\u0259ng\u0259zur iqtisadi rayonlar\u0131nda f\u0259aliyy\u0259t g\u00f6st\u0259r\u0259c\u0259k birg\u0259 m\u00fc\u0259ssis\u0259l\u0259rin qar\u015f\u0131la\u015fa bil\u0259c\u0259yi m\u0259nfi v\u0259 m\u00fcsb\u0259t amill\u0259r:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>M\u0259nb\u0259: M\u00fc\u0259llif t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n t\u0259rtib edilmi\u015fdir<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>PESTLE analizind\u0259n g\u00f6r\u00fcnd\u00fcy\u00fc kimi, dig\u0259r b\u00fct\u00fcn faktorlar, \u0259sas\u0259n, iqtisadi, siyasi v\u0259 h\u00fcquqi m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259rin h\u0259llini \u015f\u0259rtl\u0259ndirir. Bu bax\u0131mdan investisiya layih\u0259l\u0259rinin realla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131nda diqq\u0259t\u0259 al\u0131nacaq \u0259sas amill\u0259r iqtisadi, siyasi v\u0259 h\u00fcquqi amill\u0259rdir. Y\u0259ni bu 3 amilin m\u00fcsb\u0259t t\u0259r\u0259fl\u0259ri \u00f6n plana \u00e7\u0131xarmaqla m\u0259nfi t\u0259r\u0259fl\u0259rin h\u0259lli istiqam\u0259tind\u0259 m\u00fch\u00fcm n\u0259tic\u0259l\u0259r \u0259ld\u0259 olunmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>N\u0259tic\u0259<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>30 illik i\u015f\u011faldan sonra \u0259razi b\u00fct\u00f6vl\u00fcy\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fcn v\u0259 suverenliyimizin b\u0259rpas\u0131 onu dem\u0259y\u0259 \u0259sas verir ki, \u00f6lk\u0259mizin siyasi irad\u0259si, d\u00f6vl\u0259t ba\u015f\u00e7\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n u\u011furlu strateji gedi\u015fl\u0259ri, xalq olaraq d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259 b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u0259\u015fm\u0259yimiz v\u0259 milli \u015f\u00fcurun oyanmas\u0131 iqtisadi art\u0131m\u0131n k\u0259miyy\u0259t v\u0259 keyfiyy\u0259t g\u00f6st\u0259ricil\u0259rin\u0259 d\u0259 \u00f6z t\u00f6hf\u0259sini vermi\u015fdir. \u0130\u015f\u011faldan azad edilmi\u015f regionlara yeni alternativ yollar\u0131n \u00e7\u0259kilm\u0259si, k\u00f6hn\u0259 magistral v\u0259 d\u0259mir yollar\u0131n\u0131n b\u0259rpas\u0131, s\u00fcr\u0259tl\u0259ndirilmi\u015f yenid\u0259nqurma i\u015fl\u0259ri, F\u00fczuli, A\u011fdam rayonlar\u0131nda hava limanlar\u0131n\u0131n tikintisi ondan x\u0259b\u0259r verir ki, yax\u0131n g\u0259l\u0259c\u0259kd\u0259 d\u00f6vl\u0259t institutlar\u0131n\u0131n f\u0259aliyy\u0259tinin t\u0259min edilm\u0259si il\u0259 birg\u0259 \u00f6z\u0259l sektorun i\u015ftirak\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131 da iqtisadiyyat\u0131n dir\u00e7\u0259lm\u0259sind\u0259 m\u00fch\u00fcm pay sahibi olacaqlar.<\/p>\n<p>M\u0259qal\u0259mizin \u0259sas hiss\u0259sind\u0259n d\u0259 g\u00f6r\u00fcnd\u00fcy\u00fc kimi, bu i\u015ftirak\u0131n \u0259sas motivl\u0259ri biznes \u015f\u00fcuruna malik \u0259halinin olmas\u0131, d\u00f6vl\u0259t-\u00f6z\u0259l sahibkar t\u0259r\u0259fda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n (D\u00d6ST) \u00e7ox\u015fax\u0259li inki\u015faf\u0131, beyn\u0259lxalq t\u0259cr\u00fcb\u0259nin regiona inteqrasiya edilm\u0259sind\u0259n ibar\u0259tdir. Eyni zamanda t\u0259dqiqat\u0131m\u0131z \u00e7\u0259r\u00e7iv\u0259sind\u0259 sor\u011fuya c\u0259lb edilmi\u015f respondentl\u0259rin b\u00f6y\u00fck \u0259ks\u0259riyy\u0259tinin h\u0259min \u0259razil\u0259rd\u0259 k\u0259nd t\u0259s\u0259rr\u00fcfat\u0131, turizm v\u0259 da\u011f-m\u0259d\u0259n s\u0259nayesi kimi sah\u0259l\u0259rin inki\u015faf\u0131n\u0131 qeyd etm\u0259l\u0259ri intellektual k\u00fctl\u0259 t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n orada \u0259n\u0259n\u0259vi istehsal\u0131n davam etdirilm\u0259sin\u0259 \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fcy\u00fcn verilm\u0259si dem\u0259kdir.<\/p>\n<p>Qeyd olunan regionlarda h\u0259m\u00e7inin yeni maliyy\u0259 al\u0259tl\u0259rinin, o c\u00fcml\u0259d\u0259n M\u0259rk\u0259zi Bank\u0131n t\u0259sbit etdiyi sukuk (\u0130slami bondlar) al\u0259tind\u0259n istifad\u0259nin, t\u00f6r\u0259m\u0259 qiym\u0259tli ka\u011f\u0131zlarla investorlar\u0131n c\u0259lb edilm\u0259sinin d\u0259 regionun \u00e7i\u00e7\u0259kl\u0259nm\u0259sin\u0259 \u00f6z t\u00f6hf\u0259sini ver\u0259c\u0259yini g\u00fcman edirik.<\/p>\n<p>PESTLE analizinin \u015f\u0259rhin\u0259 g\u0259linc\u0259, Qaraba\u011fda yerli v\u0259 xarici investorlar yat\u0131r\u0131m ed\u0259rk\u0259n a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dak\u0131 \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fckl\u0259ri d\u0259y\u0259rl\u0259ndirm\u0259lidirl\u0259r:<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Biznes subyektl\u0259rinin g\u0259lirl\u0259rinin (m\u0259nf\u0259\u0259tl\u0259rinin) 01 yanvar 2023-c\u00fc il tarixind\u0259n 10 il m\u00fcdd\u0259tin\u0259 m\u0259nf\u0259\u0259t vergisind\u0259n, o c\u00fcml\u0259d\u0259n torpaq vergisi v\u0259 sad\u0259l\u0259\u015fdirilmi\u015f vergid\u0259n azad olmas\u0131;<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; M\u00fc\u015ft\u0259r\u0259k biznesin yarad\u0131lmas\u0131nda turizm, tikinti, da\u011f-m\u0259d\u0259n s\u0259nayesi v\u0259 k\u0259nd t\u0259s\u0259rr\u00fcfat\u0131 sah\u0259l\u0259rinin prioritet q\u0259bul edilm\u0259si, bununla \u0259laq\u0259li olaraq beyn\u0259lxalq \u015firk\u0259tl\u0259rin (T\u00fcrkiy\u0259, \u0130taliya, \u0130spaniya, Pakistan, BB v\u0259 s.) birg\u0259 biznes\u0259 d\u0259st\u0259k verm\u0259l\u0259ri;<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; \u00d6lk\u0259mizd\u0259 yeni v\u0259 alternativ maliyy\u0259l\u0259\u015fm\u0259 m\u0259nb\u0259yi olaraq \u0130slam maliyy\u0259 m\u0259nb\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259n istifad\u0259ni stimulla\u015fd\u0131ran qanun layih\u0259l\u0259rinin icras\u0131 (M\u0259rk\u0259zi Bank\u0131n q\u0259rara ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201cX\u00fcsusi t\u0259nziml\u0259m\u0259 rejiminin t\u0259tbiq edilm\u0259si Qaydas\u0131\u201d, Sahibkarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u0130nki\u015faf\u0131 Fondunun v\u0259 KOB\u0130A-n\u0131n \u0130slam \u0130nki\u015faf Bank\u0131 il\u0259 \u0259m\u0259kda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 v\u0259 s.);<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; A\u011f\u0131ll\u0131 \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259rin yarad\u0131lmas\u0131 istiqam\u0259tind\u0259 beyn\u0259lxalq t\u0259r\u0259fda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n d\u00f6vl\u0259t t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n d\u0259st\u0259kl\u0259nm\u0259si;<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Region sakinl\u0259rinin k\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcr\u00fclm\u0259si prosesi il\u0259 paralel olaraq d\u00f6vl\u0259t m\u0259\u015f\u011fulluq orqanlar\u0131n\u0131n i\u015fsizliyin qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n al\u0131nmas\u0131 v\u0259 m\u0259\u015f\u011fulluq d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259sinin art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 istiqam\u0259tind\u0259 f\u0259aliyy\u0259tl\u0259ri;<\/p>\n<p>PESTLE t\u0259hlilinin m\u0259nfi t\u0259r\u0259fl\u0259ri n\u0259z\u0259r\u0259 al\u0131nmaqla a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dak\u0131 m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259r h\u0259ll edilm\u0259lidir:<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; \u00d6lk\u0259mizin v\u0259t\u0259nda\u015f c\u0259miyy\u0259ti, qeyri-h\u00f6kum\u0259t t\u0259\u015fkilatlar\u0131 il\u0259 Erm\u0259nistan\u0131n m\u00fcvafiq qurumlar\u0131 \u0259laq\u0259l\u0259ndiril\u0259r\u0259k kompromis\u0259 g\u0259linm\u0259li, region \u0259halisinin n\u00fcmay\u0259nd\u0259l\u0259ri aras\u0131nda s\u00fclh\u00fcn b\u0259rq\u0259rar olunmas\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n t\u0259klifl\u0259r paketi haz\u0131rlanmal\u0131d\u0131r;<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; \u0130nvestisiya layih\u0259l\u0259rinin predmeti say\u0131la bil\u0259c\u0259k t\u0259bii s\u0259rv\u0259tl\u0259rin nomenklaturalar\u0131 yenid\u0259n t\u0259hlil edilm\u0259li, n\u0259tic\u0259 is\u0259 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u0259bil\u0259n olmal\u0131d\u0131r;<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Qaraba\u011fda ya\u015fayan etnik erm\u0259nil\u0259r aras\u0131nda \u201cAz\u0259rbaycan\u00e7\u0131l\u0131q\u201d t\u0259f\u0259kk\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn formala\u015fmas\u0131 istiqam\u0259tind\u0259 maarifl\u0259ndirici t\u0259dbirl\u0259r h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irilm\u0259lidir;<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Qaraba\u011fda turizmin inki\u015faf etdirilm\u0259si \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn tarixi memarl\u0131q abid\u0259l\u0259rinin, q\u0259dim ma\u011faralar\u0131n b\u0259rpa olunmas\u0131 vacib \u015f\u0259rtl\u0259rd\u0259n biridir. Bel\u0259 ki, \u0259srar\u0259ngiz t\u0259bi\u0259ti il\u0259 f\u0259rql\u0259n\u0259n bu b\u00f6lg\u0259y\u0259 xarici turistl\u0259rin ax\u0131n\u0131 h\u0259m d\u0259 orada yeni hotel v\u0259 dig\u0259r ictimai ia\u015f\u0259 obyektl\u0259rinin tikintisini, investisiya yat\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcr\u0259tl\u0259ndir\u0259c\u0259kdir;<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Regionda demoqrafik disbalans\u0131n aradan qald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 v\u0259 iqtisadi f\u0259al \u0259halinin say\u0131n\u0131n art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u0259li olan m\u00fch\u00fcm i\u015fl\u0259rd\u0259n biri d\u0259 s\u0259naye parklar\u0131n\u0131n, s\u0259naye subyektl\u0259rinin say\u0131n\u0131n art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, o c\u00fcml\u0259d\u0259n istehsalat-t\u0259cr\u00fcb\u0259 m\u00fc\u0259ssis\u0259l\u0259rinin tikintisidir. Bel\u0259likl\u0259, g\u0259l\u0259c\u0259kd\u0259 Qaraba\u011fda orta ixtisas v\u0259 ali m\u0259kt\u0259bl\u0259rd\u0259 oxuyan t\u0259l\u0259b\u0259l\u0259rin real vaxt \u015f\u0259raitind\u0259 istehsalat t\u0259cr\u00fcb\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 c\u0259lb edilm\u0259si regionun t\u0259s\u0259rr\u00fcfat h\u0259yat\u0131nda ciddi m\u00fcsb\u0259t d\u0259yi\u015fiklikl\u0259r\u0259 g\u0259tirib \u00e7\u0131xaracaqd\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0130ST\u0130FAD\u018f ED\u0130LM\u0130\u015e \u018fD\u018fB\u0130YYAT<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Az\u0259rbaycan dilind\u0259:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Abbasov S. M\u00fc\u015ft\u0259r\u0259k sahibkarl\u0131q beyn\u0259lxalq biznesin t\u0259\u015fkilinin formas\u0131 kimi. \/\/ \u201cAz\u0259rbaycan\u0131n vergi x\u0259b\u0259rl\u0259ri, Bak\u0131, 2011, s. 75-88<\/li>\n<li>\u201cAz\u0259rbaycan Respublikas\u0131n\u0131n 2021-ci il do\u0308vl\u0259t bu\u0308dc\u0259si haqq\u0131nda\u201d Az\u0259rbaycan Respublikas\u0131n\u0131n Qanunu. &#8211; https:\/\/e-qanun.az\/framework\/46590<\/li>\n<li>\u201cAz\u0259rbaycan Respublikas\u0131n\u0131n 2022-ci il do\u0308vl\u0259t bu\u0308dc\u0259si haqq\u0131nda\u201d Az\u0259rbaycan Respublikas\u0131n\u0131n Qanunu. &#8211; https:\/\/e-qanun.az\/framework\/48723<\/li>\n<li>\u201cAz\u0259rbaycan Respublikas\u0131n\u0131n 2023-ci il do\u0308vl\u0259t bu\u0308dc\u0259si haqq\u0131nda\u201d Az\u0259rbaycan Respublikas\u0131n\u0131n Qanunu. &#8211; https:\/\/president.az\/az\/articles\/view\/58483<\/li>\n<li>Az\u0259rbaycan Respublikas\u0131n\u0131n 2021-ci il d\u00f6vl\u0259t b\u00fcdc\u0259sinin icras\u0131na dair illik hesabat, AR Maliyy\u0259 Nazirliyi, Bak\u0131, 2022<\/li>\n<li>Qubadl\u0131 \u00c7. Qubadl\u0131n\u0131n t\u0259bi\u0259ti erm\u0259ni i\u015f\u011fal\u0131ndan \u0259vv\u0259l v\u0259 sonra. Bak\u0131, 2007, -48 s.<\/li>\n<li>Quliyev T.\u018f., \u018fliyev T.N., Ataki\u015fiyev M.C., \u015eahbazov K.A. Biznesin t\u0259\u015fkili v\u0259 idar\u0259 edilm\u0259si, d\u0259rslik, UNEC, Bak\u0131, 2011, -464 s\u0259h.<\/li>\n<li>Musayev A. Qaraba\u011f v\u0259 \u015e\u0259rqi Z\u0259ng\u0259zur iqtisadi rayonlar\u0131nda turizmin perspektivli investisiya imkanlar\u0131. \/\/ \u201cElm v\u0259 innovativ texnologiyalar\u201d jurnal\u0131, Bak\u0131, 2022, s. 58-77<\/li>\n<li>S\u0259f\u0259rli E., H\u00fcseynov Q. \u0130\u015f\u011faldan azad edilmi\u015f \u0259razil\u0259rd\u0259 davaml\u0131 inki\u015faf m\u0259qs\u0259dli investisiya ehtiyaclar\u0131n\u0131n analizi. \/\/ IV \u0130qtisadiyyat v\u0259 \u0130dar\u0259etm\u0259 Sah\u0259sind\u0259 T\u0259dqiqat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n Beyn\u0259lxalq Elmi Konfrans\u0131n\u0131n materillar\u0131, Bak\u0131, 2022, s.10-23<\/li>\n<li>\u0130\u015f\u011faldan azad edilmi\u015f \u0259razil\u0259rin b\u0259rpa edilm\u0259si \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn investisiya imkanlar\u0131 m\u00fczakir\u0259 olunub. \/30.08.2021\/ &#8211; https:\/\/science.gov.az\/az\/news\/open\/17837<\/li>\n<li>Qaraba\u011fda biznes qurmaq ist\u0259y\u0259nl\u0259r\u0259 m\u00fcraci\u0259t edildi. \/26.12.2023\/ &#8211; https:\/\/report.az\/biznes-xeberleri\/qarabagda-biznes-qurmaq-isteyenlere-muraciet-edildi\/<\/li>\n<li>Az\u0259rbaycan Respublikas\u0131n\u0131n Vergi M\u0259c\u0259ll\u0259si. &#8211; https:\/\/www.taxes.gov.az\/az\/page\/ar-vergi-mecellesi<\/li>\n<li>2024-2026-c\u0131 ill\u0259rd\u0259 maliyy\u0259 sektorunun inki\u015faf Strategiyas\u0131. \/Az\u0259rbaycan Respublikas\u0131n\u0131n M\u0259rk\u0259zi Bank\u0131, 26 yanvar 2024\/ &#8211; https:\/\/www.cbar.az\/pages\/strategy?language=az&amp;fbclid=IwZXh0bgNhZW0CMTAAAR3U7LZaanOtRJkQD2eI4E0ard7Hm0BsVThkaQ7bIN5VQbRRtlCnXIfpNLU_aem_AUIRhcCZEBtVMAY35hwITPsCnRcmKl-TI5CjkebjYpca2Fia8Bn83r1vq7sCriEz6J4oqaYmL3kKEvxdIUoD_DIx<\/li>\n<li>https:\/\/www.stat.gov.az\/source\/industry\/ \/\/D\u00f6vl\u0259t Statistika Komit\u0259sinin s\u0259naye sah\u0259l\u0259rinin iqtisadi rayonlar \u00fczr\u0259 inki\u015faf\u0131 statistikas\u0131 \/14.04.2024\/<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>\u0130ngilis dilind\u0259:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol start=\"15\">\n<li>Mabid Ali Al-Jarhi, Munawar Iqbal. Islamic Banking: answers to some frequently asked questions \/\/ Islamic Development Bank, Jeddah, 2001, &#8211; 83 p.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Mashallah Safarov<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>DEVELOPMENT PERSPECT\u0130VES OF JO\u0130NT BUS\u0130NESS \u0130N REG\u0130ONS <\/strong><strong>L\u0130BERATED FROM ARMEN\u0130AN OCCUPAT\u0130ON<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><strong>Abstract<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>One of the five main issues outlined in the \u201cAzerbaijan 2030: National Priorities for Socio-economic Development,\u201d approved by the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan Ilham Aliyev on February 2, 2021, is the promotion of resettlement in the regions liberated from occupation and the realization of their sectoral development potential within the national economy. It is important to note that restoration and construction efforts began in the Karabakh region immediately after the victorious conclusion of the 44-day Patriotic War (Second Karabakh War). Road infrastructure projects have been implemented to support migration and entrepreneurship, while telecommunication lines have been restored.<\/p>\n<p>This article explores the concept of joint business, outlines the development priorities for joint business ventures in the liberated territories, and identifies which economic sectors can be involved in joint business. Additionally, it examines ways to attract alternative sources of financing for joint business in these regions and presents a PESTEL analysis of the development of joint entrepreneurial activities in these areas.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><strong>Keywords: <\/strong>entrepreneurship, joint ventures, national economy, liberated territories, alternative financing<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u041c\u0430\u0448\u0430\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445 \u0421\u0430\u0444\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0432<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u041f\u0415\u0420\u0421\u041f\u0415\u041a\u0422\u0418\u0412\u042b \u0420\u0410\u0417\u0412\u0418\u0422\u0418\u042f \u0421\u041e\u0412\u041c\u0415\u0421\u0422\u041d\u042b\u0425 \u041f\u0420\u0415\u0414\u041f\u0420\u0418\u042f\u0422\u0418\u0419 \u0412 <\/strong><strong>\u0420\u0415\u0413\u0418\u041e\u041d\u0410\u0425, \u041e\u0421\u0412\u041e\u0411\u041e\u0416\u0414\u0415\u041d\u041d\u042b\u0425 \u041e\u0422 \u0410\u0420\u041c\u042f\u041d\u0421\u041a\u041e\u0419 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\u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u044d\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0432 \u044d\u0442\u0438\u0445 \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044f\u0445.<\/p>\n<p>\u0412\u0430\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0442\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0442\u044c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0432\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u0432 \u041a\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0431\u0430\u0445\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0443 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 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\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d PESTEL-\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438\u044f \u0441\u043e\u0432\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u0435\u044f\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0432 \u044d\u0442\u0438\u0445 \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0445.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><strong>\u041a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430:<\/strong> \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e, \u0441\u043e\u0432\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043f\u0440\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0438\u0435 (\u0421\u041f), \u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0445\u043e\u0437\u044f\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e, \u043e\u0441\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438, \u0430\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0444\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/socialresearchjournal.az\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/JURNAL-STM-2024-meqale-19.pdf\">Download\u00a0 \u00a0<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1291\" src=\"https:\/\/socialresearchjournal.az\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/pdfdown-212x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"38\" height=\"53\" srcset=\"https:\/\/socialresearchjournal.az\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/pdfdown-212x300.jpg 212w, https:\/\/socialresearchjournal.az\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/pdfdown.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 38px) 100vw, 38px\" \/><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00a0 Ma\u015fallah S\u018fF\u018fROV Bak\u0131 D\u00f6vl\u0259t Universitetinin doktorant\u0131 (Bak\u0131, Az\u0259rbaycan) \u00a0 E-mail: masallah.safarov.roman@bsu.edu.az ORCID: 0000-0001-5718-9754 UOT\/UDC: 33 \u00a0 X\u00fclas\u0259. Az\u0259rbaycan Respublikas\u0131 Prezidentinin 02 fevral 2021-ci il tarixli s\u0259r\u0259ncam\u0131 il\u0259 t\u0259sdiq edilmi\u015f \u201cAz\u0259rbaycan 2030: sosial iqtisadi inki\u015fafa dair\u201d Milli Prioritetl\u0259rd\u0259 qeyd olunmu\u015f 5 \u0259sas m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259d\u0259n biri d\u0259 i\u015f\u011faldan azad edilmi\u015f regionlara qay\u0131d\u0131\u015f\u0131n stimulla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, h\u0259min \u0259razil\u0259rd\u0259 milli iqtisadiyyat\u0131n [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1049,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1105","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cild-1--1"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/socialresearchjournal.az\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1105","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/socialresearchjournal.az\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/socialresearchjournal.az\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/socialresearchjournal.az\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/socialresearchjournal.az\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1105"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/socialresearchjournal.az\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1105\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1334,"href":"https:\/\/socialresearchjournal.az\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1105\/revisions\/1334"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/socialresearchjournal.az\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1049"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/socialresearchjournal.az\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1105"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/socialresearchjournal.az\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1105"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/socialresearchjournal.az\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1105"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}