{"id":1107,"date":"2025-03-04T16:11:49","date_gmt":"2025-03-04T12:11:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/socialresearchjournal.az\/?p=1107"},"modified":"2025-07-29T01:17:43","modified_gmt":"2025-07-28T21:17:43","slug":"ehalinin-mutereddid-miqrasiyasinin-nezeri-aspektleri","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/socialresearchjournal.az\/index.php\/2025\/03\/04\/ehalinin-mutereddid-miqrasiyasinin-nezeri-aspektleri\/","title":{"rendered":"\u018fHAL\u0130N\u0130N \u201cM\u00dcT\u018fR\u018fDD\u0130D\u201d M\u0130QRAS\u0130YASININ N\u018fZ\u018fR\u0130 ASPEKTL\u018fR\u0130"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Aqil<\/strong><strong> \u018f<\/strong><strong>HM<\/strong><strong>\u018f<\/strong><strong>DOV<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em>AMEA A.A.Bak\u0131xanov ad\u0131na Tarix \u0130nstitutunun <\/em><em>Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n beyn\u0259lxalq \u0259laq\u0259l\u0259r tarixi \u015f\u00f6b\u0259sinin<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>apar\u0131c\u0131 elmi i\u015f\u00e7isi, tarix \u00fczr\u0259 f\u0259ls\u0259f\u0259 doktoru, dosent<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(Bak\u0131, Az\u0259rbaycan)<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>E-mail: agilahma@gmail.com<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>ORC\u0130D: 0000-0002-9212-5147 <\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>X\u00fclas\u0259. <\/strong>D\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259rin daxili v\u0259 xarici siyas\u0259tind\u0259, milli t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259sizliyinin qorunmas\u0131nda miqrasiya kimi h\u0259ssas v\u0259 qlobal prosesl\u0259r m\u00fch\u00fcm rol oynay\u0131r. Bu bax\u0131mdan, m\u0259qal\u0259 m\u00fcasir beyn\u0259lxalq m\u00fcnasib\u0259tl\u0259r tarixind\u0259 z\u0259if \u00f6yr\u0259nil\u0259n, \u0259halinin \u201cm\u00fct\u0259r\u0259ddid\u201d, yaxud \u201cr\u0259qqas formal\u0131\u201d miqrasiyas\u0131n\u0131n n\u0259z\u0259ri aspektl\u0259rin\u0259 v\u0259 praktik \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tin\u0259 h\u0259sr olunmu\u015fdur. Bu m\u0259qs\u0259dl\u0259 yerli v\u0259 xarici m\u00fct\u0259x\u0259ssisl\u0259rin \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259rin\u0259 m\u00fcraci\u0259t olunaraq, faktoloji materiallar \u0259sas\u0131nda qeyd olunan miqrasiya n\u00f6v\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00fcmumi m\u0259nz\u0259r\u0259si t\u0259hlil edilmi\u015fdir. Elmi t\u0259dqiqat i\u015find\u0259 miqrantlar\u0131n yax\u0131n m\u0259nt\u0259q\u0259l\u0259r aras\u0131nda m\u00fcnt\u0259z\u0259m h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259tliliyi v\u0259 \u015f\u0259h\u0259r aqlomerasiyas\u0131nda, el\u0259c\u0259 d\u0259 q\u0259s\u0259b\u0259 v\u0259 k\u0259ndl\u0259rd\u0259 prosesl\u0259rin davam etdiyi g\u00f6st\u0259rilmi\u015fdir. M\u00f6vcud sah\u0259d\u0259 regional v\u0259 beyn\u0259lxalq t\u0259cr\u00fcb\u0259nin \u00f6yr\u0259nilm\u0259si, t\u0259tbiq olunmas\u0131n\u0131n \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259ti, sosial-iqtisadi faydalar\u0131 geni\u015f \u015f\u0259rh olunmu\u015fdur. X\u00fcsusil\u0259 inki\u015faf etmi\u015f b\u0259zi Q\u0259rbi Avropa d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259rinin adlar\u0131 \u00e7\u0259kil\u0259r\u0259k, onlar\u0131n \u201cr\u0259qqas formal\u0131\u201d miqrasiya sah\u0259sind\u0259 \u0259ld\u0259 etdikl\u0259ri u\u011furlara diqq\u0259t yetirilmi\u015fdir. T\u0259dqiq olunan miqrasiya formas\u0131 il\u0259 yana\u015f\u0131, dig\u0259r 12 miqrasiya n\u00f6v\u00fcn\u00fcn adlar\u0131 qeyd olunaraq ara\u015fd\u0131rmada elmi-n\u0259z\u0259ri \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259ti \u0259sasland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. H\u0259m\u00e7inin, Az\u0259rbaycan Respublikas\u0131n\u0131n miqrasiya siyas\u0259ti sah\u0259sind\u0259 qazand\u0131\u011f\u0131 m\u00fct\u0259r\u0259qqi t\u0259cr\u00fcb\u0259y\u0259 d\u0259 toxunulmu\u015fdur.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><strong>A\u00e7ar s\u00f6zl\u0259r: <\/strong>miqrasiya, tarix, regional, beyn\u0259lxalq, miqrant, d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259r, sosial, siyas\u0259t<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Giri\u015f<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>M\u00fchacir\u0259t, dig\u0259r ad\u0131 il\u0259 miqrasiyalar XXI \u0259sr insan\u0131n\u0131n h\u0259yat\u0131nda m\u00fch\u00fcm rol oynayan h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259tlilik kimi populyarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rma\u011fa davam edir. Bu bax\u0131mdan, beyn\u0259lxalq v\u0259 regional olmaqla, qloballa\u015fan d\u00fcnyada miqrasiyan\u0131n n\u0259z\u0259ri aspektl\u0259ri v\u0259 praktik (sosial-iqtisadi) \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259ti aktual olaraq qal\u0131r. Bir s\u0131ra forma v\u0259 n\u00f6vl\u0259ri t\u0259dqiqat\u00e7\u0131lar t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n ara\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lan bu prosesd\u0259 m\u0259cazi m\u0259nada i\u015fl\u0259n\u0259n \u201cm\u00fct\u0259r\u0259ddid\u201d, dig\u0259r ad\u0131 il\u0259 \u201cr\u0259qqas formal\u0131\u201d miqrasiya insanlar\u0131n m\u00fcnt\u0259z\u0259m qar\u015f\u0131la\u015fd\u0131\u011f\u0131 v\u0259 s\u0131xl\u0131qla m\u00fc\u015fahid\u0259 olunan h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259tlilik kimi diqq\u0259t \u00e7\u0259kir.<\/p>\n<p>\u018fr\u0259b dilind\u0259 \u201ct\u0259r\u0259dd\u00fcd ed\u0259n\u201d m\u0259nas\u0131nda i\u015fl\u0259dil\u0259n \u201cm\u00fct\u0259r\u0259ddid\u201d miqrasiya v\u0259 bu prosesd\u0259 i\u015ftirak ed\u0259n miqrantlar\u0131n m\u00fcnt\u0259z\u0259m h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259tliliyi sanki yekdil q\u0259rar ver\u0259m\u0259kd\u0259 \u00e7\u0259tinlik \u00e7\u0259k\u0259n \u015f\u0259xs kimi gedib yenid\u0259n geri qay\u0131dana b\u0259nz\u0259dilir. \u0130ngilis dilind\u0259 \u201cpendulum migration\u201d, rus dilind\u0259 is\u0259 \u201c\u043c\u0430\u044f\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u044f \u043c\u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f\u201d adlan\u0131r v\u0259 eyni kontekstd\u0259 istifad\u0259 olunur. Burada s\u00f6hb\u0259t yax\u0131n m\u0259nt\u0259q\u0259l\u0259r aras\u0131nda, h\u0259r g\u00fcn miqrantlar\u0131n evd\u0259n \u00e7\u0131x\u0131b i\u015f\u0259 getm\u0259si v\u0259 geri qay\u0131tmas\u0131, n\u0259tic\u0259 etibaril\u0259 bunun intensiv xarakter almas\u0131ndan gedir. Y\u0259ni daimi gedi\u015f v\u0259 qay\u0131d\u0131\u015f \u201ct\u0259r\u0259dd\u00fcd ed\u0259nl\u0259\u201d yana\u015f\u0131, h\u0259m\u00e7inin \u201cr\u0259qs ed\u0259n\u201d insana da b\u0259nz\u0259dilmi\u015fdir.<\/p>\n<p>Miqrasiyan\u0131n m\u00f6vcud n\u00f6v\u00fc m\u00fcasir beyn\u0259lxalq m\u00fcnasib\u0259tl\u0259r tarixind\u0259, el\u0259c\u0259 d\u0259 regional v\u0259 d\u00f6vl\u0259tdaxili sosial-iqtisadi, siyasi prosesl\u0259rd\u0259 z\u0259if t\u0259dqiq olunan istiqam\u0259tl\u0259rd\u0259n biri olub, m\u00fcasir insan\u0131n h\u0259yat\u0131nda az \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259t da\u015f\u0131m\u0131r. Qeyd edil\u0259n miqrasiya n\u00f6v\u00fcn\u0259 yax\u0131n olan dig\u0259r formalar \u2013 \u201cq\u0259rars\u0131z\u201d, \u201cget-g\u0259l\u201d, \u201ck\u0259fkirli\u201d miqrasiyalar da eyni mahiyy\u0259t k\u0259sb edir, g\u00fcnd\u0259lik gedi\u015f-g\u0259li\u015fl\u0259rl\u0259 m\u00fc\u015fahid\u0259 olunur. G\u00f6r\u00fcnd\u00fcy\u00fc kimi, g\u00f6st\u0259ril\u0259n terminl\u0259r \u201cm\u00fct\u0259rddid\u201d, y\u0259ni \u201cr\u0259qqas formal\u0131\u201d miqrasiyan\u0131n qeyd olunan sinoniml\u0259rini \u0259hat\u0259 edir. Burada \u201ck\u0259fkirli\u201d saat k\u0259fkirin\u0259 b\u0259nz\u0259dilir v\u0259 davaml\u0131 h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259td\u0259dir, g\u00fcnd\u0259lik i\u015f\u0259 gedi\u015f v\u0259 geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fc simvoliz\u0259 edir. \u00dcmumilikd\u0259 \u201cm\u00fct\u0259r\u0259ddid\u201d miqrasiya n\u00f6v\u00fc s\u0259rh\u0259dl\u0259r aras\u0131nda da ba\u015f verm\u0259kd\u0259dir. H\u0259r g\u00fcn i\u015f\u0259 gedi\u015f v\u0259 qay\u0131d\u0131\u015f uzunm\u00fcdd\u0259tli olsa da, b\u0259zi hallarda h\u0259ft\u0259lik d\u0259 ba\u015f ver\u0259 bil\u0259r.<\/p>\n<p>H\u0259r g\u00fcn yenil\u0259n\u0259n, innovativ xarakter da\u015f\u0131yan qlobal prosesd\u0259 qeyd olunan miqrasiya n\u00f6v\u00fc bununla m\u0259hdudla\u015fm\u0131r. H\u0259m\u00e7inin, miqrasiya prosesl\u0259rind\u0259 regional v\u0259 beyn\u0259lxalq h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259tlilik m\u00fc\u015fahid\u0259 edilir. Bu h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259tlilik v\u0259 s\u0131xl\u0131\u011f\u0131 t\u0259dqiq etm\u0259k, \u00f6l\u00e7m\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn dig\u0259r miqrasiya formalar\u0131n\u0131 da n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259n ke\u00e7irm\u0259k t\u0259dqiqat i\u015finin elmi-n\u0259z\u0259ri, el\u0259c\u0259 d\u0259 praktik \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tinin d\u0259y\u0259rl\u0259ndirilm\u0259sind\u0259 faydal\u0131 ola bil\u0259r.<\/p>\n<p>Bu m\u0259qs\u0259dl\u0259 miqrasiya n\u00f6vl\u0259rinin a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dak\u0131 kimi sisteml\u0259\u015fdirilm\u0259si geni\u015f yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>daxili;<\/li>\n<li>xarici;<\/li>\n<li>biristiqam\u0259tli (geri d\u00f6nm\u0259yi n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259 tutmayan);<\/li>\n<li>daimi ya\u015fay\u0131\u015f yerin\u0259 emiqrasiya;<\/li>\n<li>m\u00fcv\u0259qq\u0259ti (qay\u0131d\u0131\u015f\u0131 n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259 tutan);<\/li>\n<li>uzunm\u00fcdd\u0259tli (6 aydan \u00e7ox m\u00fcdd\u0259td\u0259 davam ed\u0259n);<\/li>\n<li>m\u00f6vs\u00fcmi;<\/li>\n<li>k\u00f6\u00e7\u0259rilik v\u0259 ziyar\u0259t m\u0259qs\u0259dli;<\/li>\n<li>epizodik;<\/li>\n<li>tranzit (s\u0259rh\u0259dyan\u0131);<\/li>\n<li>m\u0259cburi (obyektd\u0259n as\u0131l\u0131 olmayan s\u0259b\u0259bl\u0259rd\u0259n ba\u015f ver\u0259n miqrasiya);<\/li>\n<li>\u0259ks istiqam\u0259tli, d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f m\u0259qs\u0259dli miqrasiya (\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn v\u0259 ya d\u00f6vl\u0259tin t\u0259\u015f\u0259bb\u00fcs\u00fc il\u0259 d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fc n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259 tutan miqrasiya n\u00f6v\u00fc) [2, s. 14-15].<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>D\u00fcnyan\u0131n d\u00f6rd bir t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259 m\u00fc\u015fahid\u0259 edil\u0259n miqrasiya m\u00fcasir d\u00f6vrd\u0259 miqyas\u0131n\u0131 geni\u015fl\u0259ndirmi\u015f, n\u0259z\u0259ri v\u0259 praktik aspektl\u0259rinin \u00f6yr\u0259nilm\u0259si onun n\u00f6vl\u0259rinin meydana \u00e7\u0131xmas\u0131n\u0131 \u015f\u0259rtl\u0259ndirmi\u015fdir. Yuxar\u0131da sadalanan miqrasiya n\u00f6vl\u0259ri t\u0259dqiqat obyektin\u0259 \u00e7evril\u0259n haz\u0131rk\u0131 m\u00f6vzu kimi, praktikada geni\u015f yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015f v\u0259 \u0259m\u0259k miqrasiyas\u0131na qo\u015fulmu\u015f miqrantlar\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn hallarda prosesl\u0259rd\u0259 uzun v\u0259 q\u0131sam\u00fcdd\u0259tli yax\u0131ndan i\u015ftirak\u0131, daimi gedi\u015f v\u0259 qay\u0131d\u0131\u015f\u0131 n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259 tutan \u201cm\u00fct\u0259r\u0259ddid\u201d, \u201cr\u0259qqas formal\u0131\u201d miqrasiyan\u0131n ba\u015f verdiyini t\u0259sdiq edir. Haqq\u0131nda t\u0259dqiqat apard\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z miqrasiyan\u0131n d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259rin daxili siyas\u0259tind\u0259 daha \u00e7ox rast g\u0259lindiyini g\u00f6st\u0259rm\u0259kl\u0259, sosial-iqtisadi v\u0259 milli t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259sizlik kimi m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259r d\u0259 m\u00f6vcud \u015f\u0259raitd\u0259 elmi diskussiyaya yol a\u00e7\u0131r. Miqrasiyalar\u0131n \u00e7e\u015fidliliyi onlar\u0131n xarakterini \u00fcz\u0259 \u00e7\u0131xar\u0131r v\u0259 nisb\u0259t\u0259n b\u00f6y\u00fck \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259rd\u0259 v\u0259 ya q\u0259s\u0259b\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 f\u0259rqli t\u0259zah\u00fcr etdiyini \u0259ks etdirir.<\/p>\n<p>M\u00f6vzu il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 tarixi, sosioloji, siyasi, iqtisadi, h\u00fcquqi ara\u015fd\u0131rmalara XX \u0259srin ortalar\u0131ndan daha \u00e7ox m\u00fcraci\u0259t olunma\u011fa ba\u015flan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, \u0259sas\u0259n sovet d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259 m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259y\u0259 elmi-n\u0259z\u0259ri yana\u015fma t\u0259l\u0259b ed\u0259n t\u0259dqiqatlar\u00a0 yerin\u0259 yetirilmi\u015fdir. T\u0259dqiqat\u0131n tarix\u015f\u00fcnasl\u0131\u011f\u0131na n\u0259z\u0259r salaraq, m\u00f6vzuya yax\u0131n ara\u015fd\u0131rma aparan aliml\u0259rin g\u0259ldikl\u0259ri q\u0259na\u0259tl\u0259r v\u0259 elmi n\u0259tic\u0259l\u0259r \u201cm\u00fct\u0259r\u0259ddid\u201d, \u201cr\u0259qqas formal\u0131\u201d miqrasiya prosesl\u0259rinin g\u00f6st\u0259ril\u0259n n\u0259z\u0259ri aspektl\u0259rinin v\u0259 praktik \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tinin ayd\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131 bax\u0131m\u0131ndan m\u00fch\u00fcm rola malikdir.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cM\u00fct\u0259r\u0259ddid\u201d \u0259hali miqrasiyas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6yr\u0259nilm\u0259sin\u0259 h\u0259sr olunmu\u015f ilk \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259r sovet d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259 1960-c\u0131 ill\u0259rin ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131, 1970-ci ill\u0259rin \u0259vv\u0259ll\u0259rind\u0259 ortaya \u00e7\u0131xm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Bel\u0259likl\u0259, \u201cm\u00fct\u0259r\u0259ddid\u201d miqrasiyan\u0131n iqtisadi v\u0259 demoqrafik aspektl\u0259ri A.G.Vi\u015fnevski, M.V.Kurman, V.N.Lixoded, \u0130.M.Taborisskayan\u0131n \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259rind\u0259 \u00f6z \u0259ksini tapm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. N\u0259qliyyat v\u0259 m\u0259skunla\u015fman\u0131n qar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ql\u0131 t\u0259sirind\u0259ki rolu G.A.Goltz v\u0259 \u0130.G.Hasdan t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n g\u00f6st\u0259rilmi\u015fdir. \u201cM\u00fct\u0259r\u0259ddid\u201d, yaxud \u201cr\u0259qqas formal\u0131\u201d miqrasiyan\u0131n co\u011frafi aspektl\u0259ri, ke\u00e7mi\u015f SSR\u0130-nin \u015f\u0259h\u0259r m\u0259skunla\u015fma sisteminin formala\u015fmas\u0131 prosesl\u0259ri B.S.Xorev v\u0259 A.X.Markso t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n ara\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r [25, s.57]. G\u00f6r\u00fcnd\u00fcy\u00fc kimi, yax\u0131n tarixd\u0259 m\u00f6vzu il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 yerin\u0259 yetiril\u0259n t\u0259dqiqatlar ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z m\u00fcasir d\u00f6vrd\u0259 d\u0259 aktuall\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 qorumu\u015f, m\u00f6vcud sah\u0259y\u0259 maraq azalmam\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Burada az\u0259rbaycanl\u0131 aliml\u0259rd\u0259n M.S\u0259rdarov, F.Abdullayev, E.N\u0259sibov, A.Aslanova, t\u00fcrk t\u0259dqiqat\u00e7\u0131lardan S.\u00c7a\u011flayan, E.Da\u011fa\u015fan, K.Kolba\u015f\u0131, el\u0259c\u0259 d\u0259 ingilisdilli g\u0259nc t\u0259dqiqat\u00e7\u0131lardan H.Haas, Y.Voloshyna v\u0259 dig\u0259rl\u0259rinin \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259rind\u0259 \u201cm\u00fct\u0259r\u0259ddid\u201d, \u201cr\u0259qqas formal\u0131\u201d miqrasiya il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 qeydl\u0259r\u0259 rast g\u0259linir.<\/p>\n<p>Apar\u0131lan t\u0259dqiqatlarda co\u011frafi, iqtisadi, demoqrafik, \u015f\u0259h\u0259r m\u0259skunla\u015fmas\u0131 v\u0259 n\u0259qliyyat aspektl\u0259ri \u0259sas al\u0131nm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Sovet m\u0259kan\u0131nda, ard\u0131nca postsovet v\u0259 M\u00fcst\u0259qil D\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259r Birliyi d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259, h\u0259m\u00e7inin regional v\u0259 beyn\u0259lxlaq s\u0259viyy\u0259d\u0259 \u201cm\u00fct\u0259r\u0259ddid\u201d miqrasiya istiqam\u0259tind\u0259 apar\u0131lan t\u0259dqiqatlar m\u00f6vcud miqrasiya n\u00f6v\u00fc il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 yeni m\u0259lumatlar\u0131n v\u0259 t\u0259dqiqatlar\u0131n yaranmas\u0131na m\u00fcsb\u0259t t\u0259sir g\u00f6st\u0259rir. Tarixi, sosial-iqtisadi v\u0259 demoqrafik aspektl\u0259rin \u00f6yr\u0259nilm\u0259si biz\u0259 imkan verir ki, \u201cm\u00fct\u0259r\u0259ddid\u201d miqrasiya daha yax\u015f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131ls\u0131n, m\u00f6vcud kontekstd\u0259 m\u00fcxt\u0259lif sah\u0259l\u0259ri t\u0259dqiq ed\u0259n aliml\u0259rin fikirl\u0259rinin elmi diskussiya \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn faydal\u0131 olmas\u0131 m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n edilsin.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong> \u201cM\u00fct\u0259r\u0259ddid\u201d miqrasiyan\u0131n <\/strong><strong>m\u0259nt\u0259q\u0259l\u0259raras\u0131 h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259tliliyi<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>1.1 Probleml\u0259r v\u0259 t\u0259hlil<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u201cM\u00fct\u0259r\u0259ddid\u201d miqrasiyan\u0131n m\u0259nt\u0259q\u0259- l\u0259raras\u0131 h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259tliliyinin v\u0259 ya gedi\u015f-g\u0259li\u015fl\u0259r zaman\u0131 \u0259hali s\u0131xl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclm\u0259si m\u00fcnt\u0259z\u0259m ba\u015f ver\u0259n prosesd\u0259 yarana bil\u0259c\u0259k probleml\u0259rin, h\u0259m\u00e7inin m\u00f6vzu il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 dig\u0259r m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259rin t\u0259hlilinin vacib oldu\u011funu g\u00f6st\u0259rir. Burada n\u0259z\u0259ri aspektl\u0259r v\u0259 praktik \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tin \u015f\u0259h\u0259r, q\u0259s\u0259b\u0259, k\u0259nd, yaxud s\u0259rh\u0259dl\u0259raras\u0131 h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259tlilikd\u0259 f\u0259rqli \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 t\u0259zah\u00fcr etdiyi m\u0259lum olur. Bel\u0259 oldu\u011fu t\u0259qdird\u0259, miqrasiya prosesl\u0259rind\u0259 demoqrafik faktor, y\u0259ni \u0259halinin say t\u0259rkibinin n\u0259z\u0259r\u0259 al\u0131nmas\u0131 t\u0259dqiqata i\u015f\u0131q tutur.<\/p>\n<p>Miqrasiya demoqrafik inki\u015faf\u0131n \u0259n vacib amilidir. M\u00fcasir d\u00fcnyada k\u0259miyy\u0259t v\u0259 keyfiyy\u0259t parametrl\u0259rind\u0259, habel\u0259 miqrasiya ax\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n istiqam\u0259tind\u0259ki vektorlarda d\u0259yi\u015fiklikl\u0259r, onlar\u0131n yeni n\u00f6vl\u0259rinin meydana \u00e7\u0131xmas\u0131 (elmi kadrlar\u0131n, korporativ menecerl\u0259rin miqrasiyas\u0131) m\u00fc\u015fahid\u0259 olunur [22, s.206]. Demoqrafiya v\u0259 miqrasiya bir-biril\u0259 v\u0259hd\u0259t t\u0259\u015fkil edir. \u018fhalinin s\u0131xl\u0131\u011f\u0131 il\u0259 m\u00fc\u015fahid\u0259 olunan gedi\u015f v\u0259 g\u0259li\u015fl\u0259r daxili miqrasiya prosesl\u0259rind\u0259 \u201cm\u00fct\u0259r\u0259ddid\u201d, y\u0259ni \u201cr\u0259qqas formal\u0131\u201d miqrasiyan\u0131n m\u00fcsb\u0259t inki\u015faf tendensiyas\u0131 kimi t\u0259dqiqat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n diqq\u0259tind\u0259n yay\u0131nm\u0131r. Burada h\u0259m k\u0259miyy\u0259t, h\u0259m d\u0259 keyfiyy\u0259t m\u00f6vcuddur. Keyfiyy\u0259t k\u0259miyy\u0259td\u0259n h\u0259r zaman \u00f6nd\u0259 g\u0259lm\u0259kl\u0259 miqrasiya n\u00f6vl\u0259rinin meydana \u00e7\u0131xmas\u0131na k\u00f6m\u0259k edir. \u018fhalinin say t\u0259rkibinin \u00f6yr\u0259nilm\u0259si paralel olraq i\u015f yerl\u0259ri aras\u0131nda intensiv hal alan h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259tin s\u00fcr\u0259tini m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259nl\u0259\u015fdirir.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cM\u00fct\u0259r\u0259ddid\u201d \u0259m\u0259k miqrasiyas\u0131 \u0259halinin bir b\u00f6lg\u0259d\u0259n dig\u0259rin\u0259 g\u00fcnd\u0259lik gedi\u015f-g\u0259li\u015fini t\u0259msil etm\u0259kl\u0259, haz\u0131rda meqapolisl\u0259rin, ona biti\u015fik \u0259razi il\u0259 birlikd\u0259 b\u00f6y\u00fck \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259rin iqtisadiyyat\u0131nda m\u00fch\u00fcm rol oynay\u0131r ki, bu da m\u00f6vcud t\u0259dqiqat\u0131n aktuall\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6st\u0259rir [28, s.99]. D\u00fcnyan\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259rind\u0259, x\u00fcsusil\u0259 b\u00f6y\u00fck paytaxtlarda \u201cm\u00fct\u0259r\u0259ddid\u201d miqrasiya ya\u015fan\u0131r. \u015e\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259r\u0259 biti\u015fik \u0259razi v\u0259 q\u0259s\u0259b\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 d\u0259 nisb\u0259t\u0259n z\u0259if prosesl\u0259r davam edir v\u0259 bu hal h\u0259r g\u00fcn gedi\u015f v\u0259 g\u0259li\u015fl\u0259rl\u0259, izdihamla m\u00fc\u015fahid\u0259 olunur.<\/p>\n<p>T\u0259dqiqat i\u015find\u0259 t\u0259klif olunan yana\u015fman\u0131n \u0259sas\u0131, b\u00fct\u00f6vl\u00fckd\u0259 \u0259m\u0259k ehtiyatlar\u0131n\u0131n h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259tliliyi v\u0259 x\u00fcsusil\u0259 \u201cr\u0259qqas formal\u0131\u201d miqrasiyan\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7 \u0259sas amil il\u0259 m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n edildiyi f\u0259rziyy\u0259sidir: i\u015f\u00e7il\u0259rin g\u0259lir s\u0259viyy\u0259si (\u0259m\u0259k haqq\u0131); ya\u015fay\u0131\u015f d\u0259y\u0259ri; ya\u015fay\u0131\u015f v\u0259 i\u015f yerl\u0259ri aras\u0131nda s\u0259yah\u0259t x\u0259rcl\u0259ri [29, s.151]. H\u0259r \u00fc\u00e7 amil \u201cm\u00fct\u0259r\u0259ddid\u201d, y\u0259ni \u201cr\u0259qqas formal\u0131\u201d miqrasiyan\u0131n s\u00fcr\u0259tl\u0259nm\u0259sind\u0259 m\u00fch\u00fcm rol oynayan detallard\u0131r. Burada h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259tliliyin g\u00fcnd\u0259lik v\u0259 q\u0131sa m\u0259saf\u0259l\u0259r aras\u0131nda ba\u015f verm\u0259si prosesin m\u0259suliyy\u0259tini v\u0259 infrastruktur \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tini art\u0131r\u0131r. \u018fm\u0259k\u00e7i miqrantlar\u0131n g\u0259lir s\u0259viyy\u0259sinin \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclm\u0259si, h\u0259yat\u0131na veril\u0259n d\u0259y\u0259r v\u0259 s\u0259yah\u0259t x\u0259rcl\u0259rinin hesablanmas\u0131 kimi sosial-iqtisadi faktorlar \u0259slind\u0259 d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259rin iqtisadi siyas\u0259tind\u0259 yer alan \u0259sas m\u0259qamlardan biri kimi \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 d\u0259yi\u015fir v\u0259 h\u0259r d\u0259f\u0259 yeni t\u0259dqiqatlar\u0131n apar\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 z\u0259ruri edir.<\/p>\n<p>M\u0259lum oldu\u011fu kimi, miqrasiya m\u00fcxt\u0259lif elml\u0259r t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n q\u0259bul olunur. Onun yaln\u0131z iqtisadi s\u0259b\u0259bl\u0259rl\u0259 deyil, h\u0259m d\u0259 insanlara xas olan t\u0259l\u0259bat, maraq v\u0259 s\u0259yl\u0259rl\u0259 d\u0259 s\u0131x ba\u011fl\u0131 oldu\u011fu a\u015fkar olunur [8, s.6]. M\u00fcxt\u0259lif s\u0259b\u0259bl\u0259r insanlar\u0131n miqrasiya prosesl\u0259rin\u0259 qat\u0131laraq, h\u0259yat \u015f\u0259raitinin yax\u015f\u0131la\u015fmas\u0131na xidm\u0259t etm\u0259kl\u0259, sosial t\u0259minat\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fcks\u0259lm\u0259sin\u0259 \u0259lveri\u015fli \u015f\u0259rait yarad\u0131r. M\u00f6vcud miqrasiyan\u0131n elmi-n\u0259z\u0259ri \u0259saslar\u0131n\u0131n i\u015fl\u0259nib haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131 bu bax\u0131mdan diqq\u0259t \u00e7\u0259kir. \u0130nsanlar\u0131n g\u00fcnd\u0259lik rastla\u015fd\u0131qlar\u0131 \u0259m\u0259k miqrasiyas\u0131 Az\u0259rbaycan tarix\u015f\u00fcnasl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda az m\u00fcraci\u0259t olunan \u201cm\u00fct\u0259r\u0259ddid\u201d, yaxud \u201cr\u0259qqas formal\u0131\u201d miqrasiyan\u0131n \u00f6yr\u0259nilm\u0259sini z\u0259ruri edir. H\u0259r g\u00fcn y\u00fcz minl\u0259rl\u0259 insan\u0131n yax\u0131ndan i\u015ftirak etdiyi h\u0259min miqrasiya n\u00f6v\u00fc miqrant h\u00fcquqlar\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fcdafi\u0259si v\u0259 d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259rin sosial-iqtisadi siyas\u0259tinin miqrasiya prosesl\u0259rin\u0259 m\u00fcsb\u0259t t\u0259sirini v\u0259 inki\u015faf dinamikas\u0131n\u0131n t\u0259dqiqini aktualla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>1.2 Prosesd\u0259 \u015f\u0259h\u0259r v\u0259 q\u0259s\u0259b\u0259l\u0259rin <\/strong><strong>i\u015ftirak\u0131, infrastruktur vasit\u0259l\u0259r<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Prosesd\u0259 \u0259sas\u0259n b\u00f6y\u00fck \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259r, q\u0259s\u0259b\u0259l\u0259r v\u0259 ya k\u0259ndl\u0259rin i\u015ftirak\u0131 n\u0259qliyyat vasit\u0259l\u0259rinin h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259ti il\u0259 birba\u015fa ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Bu, onu g\u00f6st\u0259rir ki, \u201cr\u0259qqas formal\u0131\u201d miqrasiya h\u0259yat t\u0259rzi kimi miqrantlar\u0131n sosial-iqtisadi t\u0259minat\u0131n\u0131n qarant\u0131na \u00e7evrilmi\u015fdir. \u015e\u0259h\u0259r v\u0259 q\u0259s\u0259b\u0259l\u0259r aras\u0131nda h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259tliliyin \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclm\u0259sind\u0259 \u201cm\u0259nt\u0259q\u0259l\u0259raras\u0131 m\u0259saf\u0259l\u0259r\u201dl\u0259 yana\u015f\u0131 dig\u0259r m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259r \u2013 b\u00f6y\u00fck s\u0259naye \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259rinin, q\u0259s\u0259b\u0259 v\u0259 k\u0259ndl\u0259rin yax\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131, infrastrukturun \u0259lveri\u015fli olub-olmamas\u0131, iqlim \u015f\u0259raiti, h\u0259tta miqrantlar\u0131n ald\u0131qlar\u0131 m\u0259vacib \u00fcmumi proses\u0259 m\u00fcsb\u0259t, yaxud m\u0259nfi t\u0259sir g\u00f6st\u0259r\u0259n amill\u0259rdir.<\/p>\n<p>Miqrasiya, s\u00f6z\u00fcn geni\u015f m\u0259nas\u0131nda, h\u0259m \u00f6lk\u0259 daxilind\u0259, h\u0259m d\u0259 xaricind\u0259 insanlar\u0131n h\u0259r hans\u0131 bir h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259ti il\u0259 \u0259laq\u0259l\u0259ndirilir. Bu konsepsiyan\u0131n daha dar m\u0259nas\u0131nda \u201cm\u00fct\u0259r\u0259ddid\u201d, \u201cr\u0259qqas formal\u0131\u201d miqrasiya b\u00f6y\u00fck \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259rin \u015f\u0259h\u0259r zonalar\u0131na yax\u015f\u0131 m\u0259lumdur. Bu tip miqrasiya insanlar\u0131n bir ya\u015fay\u0131\u015f m\u0259nt\u0259q\u0259sind\u0259n dig\u0259rin\u0259, bir qayda olaraq, i\u015f v\u0259 ya t\u0259hsil almaq v\u0259 geri qay\u0131tmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn m\u00fcnt\u0259z\u0259m h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259tdir. Bu m\u0259cburi proses \u015f\u0259h\u0259r v\u0259 q\u0259s\u0259b\u0259 aras\u0131ndak\u0131 f\u0259rqin h\u0259r zamank\u0131ndan daha \u00e7ox hiss olundu\u011fu vaxt, urbanizasiya d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259 inki\u015faf edir. Son ill\u0259rd\u0259 n\u0259qliyyat infrastrukturunun inki\u015faf\u0131 v\u0259 avtomobilizasiya \u201cr\u0259qqas formal\u0131\u201d miqrasiyan\u0131n s\u00fcr\u0259tl\u0259 geni\u015fl\u0259nm\u0259sin\u0259 k\u00f6m\u0259k edir [23, s.186]. \u00d6lk\u0259nin daxilind\u0259 oldu\u011fu kimi xaricind\u0259 d\u0259 m\u00fc\u015fahid\u0259 edil\u0259n sosial-iqtisadi prosesl\u0259rd\u0259 \u201cr\u0259qqas formal\u0131\u201d miqrasiyan\u0131n daha \u00e7ox meqapolisl\u0259rd\u0259 hiss olunmas\u0131 i\u015f yerl\u0259rinin h\u0259min m\u0259kanlarda daha geni\u015f yay\u0131lmas\u0131 il\u0259 izah olunur. Burada b\u00f6y\u00fck q\u0259s\u0259b\u0259l\u0259r d\u0259 miqrantlar\u0131 \u00f6z\u00fcn\u0259 c\u0259lb edir. M\u00fcnt\u0259z\u0259m h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259tlilik \u00f6z\u00fc il\u0259 yana\u015f\u0131 probleml\u0259r d\u0259 g\u0259tir\u0259 bil\u0259r. Bunlar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda dayanan ba\u015fl\u0131ca amil n\u0259qliyyat vasit\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259n istifad\u0259 il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130ctimai v\u0259 \u00f6z\u0259l n\u0259qliyyat sisteminin m\u00f6vcud miqrasiya prosesl\u0259rind\u0259 yax\u0131ndan i\u015ftirak\u0131 problemin t\u0259dqiq olunmas\u0131nda az \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259t da\u015f\u0131m\u0131r. M\u0259cburi v\u0259 ya insanlar\u0131n qazanc \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn m\u0259cbur olduqlar\u0131 gedi\u015f v\u0259 g\u0259li\u015fl\u0259r b\u00f6y\u00fck \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259rd\u0259 iqtisadi inki\u015faf\u0131n g\u00f6st\u0259ricisi kimi m\u00f6vzuya mara\u011f\u0131 bir q\u0259d\u0259r d\u0259 art\u0131rm\u0131\u015f olur.<\/p>\n<p>Daxili miqrasiya prosesi dedikd\u0259, insanlar\u0131n eyni \u00f6lk\u0259nin h\u00fcdudlar\u0131 daxilind\u0259 bir \u0259razid\u0259n dig\u0259r \u0259raziy\u0259 k\u00f6\u00e7m\u0259si ba\u015fa d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcl\u00fcr. Bu miqrasiyan\u0131n k\u0259nd (k\u0259nd-\u015f\u0259h\u0259r), \u015f\u0259h\u0259r (\u015f\u0259h\u0259r-k\u0259nd), \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259raras\u0131 (\u015f\u0259h\u0259r-\u015f\u0259h\u0259r) v\u0259 k\u0259ndl\u0259raras\u0131 (k\u0259nd-k\u0259nd) istiqam\u0259tl\u0259ri f\u0259rql\u0259ndirilir [6, s.9]. Bu bax\u0131mdan, \u00f6lk\u0259 s\u0259rh\u0259dl\u0259ri daxilind\u0259 m\u00fc\u015fahid\u0259 olunan \u201cr\u0259qqas formal\u0131\u201d miqrasiyan\u0131n geni\u015f sosial imkanlar\u0131 var. K\u0259nd v\u0259 \u015f\u0259h\u0259r, yaxud k\u0259nd v\u0259 q\u0259s\u0259b\u0259 aras\u0131nda ba\u015f ver\u0259n \u201cm\u00fct\u0259r\u0259ddid\u201d miqrasiya populyarl\u0131q v\u0259 demoqrafik bax\u0131mdan f\u0259rqli yana\u015fmalar t\u0259l\u0259b edir. Bu, xarici, beyn\u0259lxalq miqrasiya amilin\u0259 nisb\u0259tl\u0259 daha geni\u015f yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015f v\u0259 daha \u0259l\u00e7atan proses kimi insanlar\u0131n h\u0259yat\u0131nda vacib yer tutur. Xarici miqrasiyada insanlar \u00f6lk\u0259 s\u0259rh\u0259dl\u0259rini a\u015faraq h\u0259r g\u00fcn yeni probleml\u0259rl\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131la\u015fa bil\u0259r, t\u0259r\u0259dd\u00fcd ed\u0259n insana b\u0259nz\u0259r bu miqrasiya n\u00f6v\u00fc maddi bax\u0131mdan y\u00fcks\u0259k g\u0259lirl\u0259rin \u0259ld\u0259 olunmas\u0131na m\u00fcsb\u0259t t\u0259sir g\u00f6st\u0259rm\u0259k iqtidar\u0131ndad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>H\u0259r bir \u015f\u0259h\u0259r \u015f\u0259h\u0259r\u0259traf\u0131 ya\u015fay\u0131\u015f m\u0259nt\u0259q\u0259l\u0259ri il\u0259 \u0259hat\u0259 olunmu\u015fdur, onlar\u0131n aras\u0131nda daimi qar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ql\u0131 rabit\u0259 m\u00f6vcuddur. Bu qar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ql\u0131 \u0259laq\u0259nin vacib amill\u0259rind\u0259n biri insanlar\u0131n ya\u015fay\u0131\u015f m\u0259nt\u0259q\u0259l\u0259ri aras\u0131nda h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259t etm\u0259sidir. Bu h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259tl\u0259r h\u0259m m\u0259rk\u0259zd\u0259nqa\u00e7ma, h\u0259m d\u0259 m\u0259rk\u0259z\u0259qa\u00e7ma aspektl\u0259rin\u0259 malikdir [16, s.22]. Miqrant\u0131n ya\u015fay\u0131\u015f yeri il\u0259 i\u015f yeri aras\u0131nda m\u0259saf\u0259nin \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclm\u0259si \u015f\u0259h\u0259r aqlomerasiyas\u0131nda vacib rol oynay\u0131r. Ad\u0259t\u0259n, m\u0259rk\u0259z\u0259 \u00fcz tutma\u011fa meyilli olan i\u015f axtaranlar h\u0259r iki hal il\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131la\u015fm\u0131\u015f olurlar. Burada n\u0259qliyyat vasit\u0259l\u0259rinin \u0259l\u00e7atan olmas\u0131, ictimai v\u0259 \u00f6z\u0259l n\u0259qliyyat\u0131n f\u0259aliyy\u0259ti d\u0259 m\u00fcnt\u0259z\u0259m miqrasiya prosesl\u0259rin\u0259 t\u0259sir ed\u0259n m\u00fch\u00fcm amill\u0259rd\u0259n biridir.<\/p>\n<p>Hal-haz\u0131rda \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259rin b\u00f6y\u00fcm\u0259si prosesi v\u0259 onsuz da geni\u015f olan meqapolisl\u0259rin inki\u015faf\u0131 m\u00fc\u015fahid\u0259 olunur. Bu s\u0259b\u0259bd\u0259n, \u015f\u0259h\u0259r aqlomerasiyas\u0131n\u0131n formala\u015fmas\u0131 v\u0259 inki\u015faf\u0131na t\u0259sir g\u00f6st\u0259r\u0259n amill\u0259rd\u0259n biri \u201cr\u0259qqas formal\u0131\u201d miqrasiyan\u0131n populyarla\u015fmas\u0131 il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r [20, s.25]. B\u0259z\u0259n insanlar f\u0259rqind\u0259 olmadan \u201cr\u0259qqas formal\u0131\u201d miqrasiya prosesl\u0259rin\u0259 qo\u015fulur, haqq\u0131nda m\u0259lumatlarl\u0131 olmasa da, qazanclar\u0131ndan m\u0259mnun qald\u0131qlar\u0131 halda h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259tliliyi art\u0131rm\u0131\u015f olurlar, bel\u0259likl\u0259 d\u0259, \u201cq\u0259rars\u0131z qalan\u201d insana b\u0259nz\u0259r gedi\u015f-g\u0259li\u015fl\u0259r s\u00fcr\u0259tl\u0259nmi\u015f olur. Proses \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259rin h\u0259r g\u00fcn b\u00f6y\u00fcm\u0259si, dolub-bo\u015falmas\u0131, \u015f\u0259h\u0259r aqlomerasiyas\u0131n\u0131n inki\u015faf\u0131 v\u0259 t\u0259dric\u0259n formala\u015fmas\u0131 il\u0259 n\u0259tic\u0259l\u0259nir.<\/p>\n<p>Ya\u015fay\u0131\u015f m\u0259nt\u0259q\u0259l\u0259ri aras\u0131nda qar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ql\u0131 \u0259laq\u0259l\u0259rin y\u00fcks\u0259k intensivliyi, xarici s\u0259rh\u0259dl\u0259ri v\u0259 daxili qurulu\u015fu, buna g\u00f6r\u0259 d\u0259 sosial m\u0259kan\u0131n birliyi il\u0259 xarakteriz\u0259 olunan m\u0259skunla\u015fma formas\u0131 kimi \u015f\u0259h\u0259r aqlomerasiyalar\u0131n\u0131n t\u0259dqiqi, bir qayda olaraq, ya\u015fay\u0131\u015f m\u0259nt\u0259q\u0259l\u0259rinin aqlomerasiyaya daxil olma meyarlar\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259nl\u0259\u015fdirilm\u0259si problemin\u0259 t\u0259sir g\u00f6st\u0259rir [21, s. 205].<\/p>\n<p>\u201cR\u0259qqas formal\u0131\u201d, yaxud \u201cm\u00fct\u0259r\u0259ddid\u201d miqrasiya prosesl\u0259rind\u0259 h\u0259ssas m\u0259qamlardan biri ya\u015fay\u0131\u015f m\u0259nt\u0259q\u0259l\u0259ri aras\u0131nda m\u00f6vcud olan m\u0259saf\u0259l\u0259rin \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclm\u0259si v\u0259 intensivliyi il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Bu s\u0259b\u0259bd\u0259n \u015f\u0259h\u0259r m\u0259skunla\u015fmas\u0131nda \u015f\u0259h\u0259r aqlomerasiyas\u0131n\u0131n formala\u015fma imkanlar\u0131n\u0131n n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259n ke\u00e7irilm\u0259si t\u0259dqiqat i\u015find\u0259 diqq\u0259t yetiril\u0259n vacib detallardan biridir. B\u00fct\u00fcn hallarda insan v\u0259 n\u0259qliyyat ax\u0131nlar\u0131, h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259tliliyin s\u0131xla\u015fmas\u0131 m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259y\u0259 m\u00fcsb\u0259t v\u0259 m\u0259nfi \u00e7alarlar qatm\u0131\u015f olur.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ol start=\"2\">\n<li><strong> T\u0259cr\u00fcb\u0259l\u0259r v\u0259 n\u0259z\u0259riyy\u0259l\u0259r<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>2.1 Regional v\u0259 beyn\u0259lxalq\u00a0<\/strong><strong>t\u0259cr\u00fcb\u0259nin \u00f6yr\u0259nilm\u0259si<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u00dcmumilikd\u0259 m\u00f6vcud sah\u0259d\u0259 regional v\u0259 beyn\u0259lxalq t\u0259cr\u00fcb\u0259l\u0259rin \u00f6yr\u0259nilm\u0259si miqrasiya idar\u0259\u00e7iliyinin t\u0259nziml\u0259nm\u0259si, qanunvericiliyin t\u0259kmill\u0259\u015fm\u0259si bax\u0131m\u0131ndan z\u0259ruridir. H\u0259min sah\u0259d\u0259 \u0259sas\u0259n iqtisadi v\u0259 demokratik t\u0259r\u0259qqi yolu ke\u00e7mi\u015f d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259rin miqrasiya siyas\u0259ti, daxild\u0259 prosesl\u0259rin nizamlanmas\u0131nda \u0259ld\u0259 olunan m\u00fcsb\u0259t n\u0259tic\u0259l\u0259r pozitiv n\u00fcmun\u0259 t\u0259\u015fkil ed\u0259 bil\u0259r. Konkret olaraq Almaniya, \u0130sve\u00e7r\u0259, Norve\u00e7 v\u0259 dig\u0259r Q\u0259rbi Avropa d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259rinin innovativ miqrasiya idar\u0259\u00e7iliyi sah\u0259sind\u0259 qazand\u0131\u011f\u0131 m\u00fct\u0259r\u0259qqi t\u0259cr\u00fcb\u0259 miqrasiyan\u0131n \u201cm\u00fct\u0259r\u0259ddid\u201d, \u201cr\u0259qqas\u201d formas\u0131n\u0131n t\u0259nziml\u0259nm\u0259sind\u0259 inki\u015faf etmi\u015f miqrasiya qanunvericilikl\u0259rin\u0259 diqq\u0259t yetirilm\u0259sini vacib edir.<\/p>\n<p>Miqrasiya prosesl\u0259rinin t\u0259nziml\u0259nm\u0259sind\u0259 beyn\u0259lxalq t\u0259cr\u00fcb\u0259nin \u00f6yr\u0259nilm\u0259si v\u0259 ondan istifad\u0259 olunmas\u0131 \u00f6lk\u0259 daxilind\u0259 miqrasiya qaydalar\u0131n\u0131n beyn\u0259lxalq standartlara uy\u011fun t\u0259kmill\u0259\u015fdirilm\u0259sini, iki v\u0259 \u00e7oxt\u0259r\u0259fli \u0259saslarda beyn\u0259lxalq m\u00fcqavil\u0259l\u0259rin ba\u011flanmas\u0131n\u0131, dig\u0259r \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rl\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ql\u0131 \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 miqrasiya siyas\u0259tinin uzla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 \u015f\u0259rtl\u0259ndirir [5, s.185]. Miqrasiya beyn\u0259lxalq h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259tlilik v\u0259 bundan ir\u0259li g\u0259l\u0259n qlobal proses oldu\u011fu \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn beyn\u0259lxalq n\u0259z\u0259ri aspektl\u0259rinin \u00f6yr\u0259nilm\u0259si, h\u0259m\u00e7inin m\u00fcbadil\u0259si ill\u0259r \u00f6td\u00fckc\u0259 daha da aktualla\u015f\u0131r. Burada beyn\u0259lxalq t\u0259cr\u00fcb\u0259 \u0259sas\u0259n inki\u015faf etmi\u015f d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259rin g\u00fcnd\u0259lik, sosial-siyasi h\u0259yat\u0131nda v\u0259 ya qanunvericilik \u0259sas\u0131nda \u00f6yr\u0259nilm\u0259sinin n\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r vacib oldu\u011funu g\u00f6st\u0259rir. Qar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ql\u0131 t\u0259cr\u00fcb\u0259 proqramlar\u0131n\u0131n i\u015fl\u0259nib haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131, m\u00fcqavil\u0259l\u0259rin ba\u011flanmas\u0131 miqrasiya sah\u0259sind\u0259 \u0259m\u0259kda\u015fl\u0131q \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn yeni \u00fcf\u00fcql\u0259r a\u00e7m\u0131\u015f olur. Bu bax\u0131mdan, \u201cm\u00fct\u0259r\u0259ddid\u201d miqrasiya sah\u0259sind\u0259 \u0259m\u0259kda\u015fl\u0131q \u0259lq\u0259l\u0259rinin yarad\u0131lmas\u0131 m\u00f6vzunun h\u0259yat\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn sah\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 diqq\u0259t m\u0259rk\u0259zind\u0259 oldu\u011funu dem\u0259y\u0259 \u0259sas verir. T\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259siz v\u0259 innovativ miqrasiya idar\u0259\u00e7iliyin\u0259 nail olmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn diplomatik m\u00fcnasib\u0259tl\u0259rd\u0259 miqrasiyan\u0131n ist\u0259nil\u0259n sah\u0259si il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 uzla\u015fma \u0259ld\u0259 etm\u0259k olar. Bu, \u201cm\u00fct\u0259r\u0259ddid\u201d, \u201cr\u0259qqas formal\u0131\u201d miqrasiya prosesl\u0259rinin idar\u0259 olunmas\u0131nda da m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n<p>Beyn\u0259lxalq miqrasiyan\u0131n \u0259sas\u0131nda iqtisadi, milli-m\u0259d\u0259ni v\u0259 sosial amill\u0259r durur. \u0130qtisadi amill\u0259r dedikd\u0259, daha y\u00fcks\u0259k \u0259m\u0259khaqq\u0131, h\u0259yat \u015f\u0259raiti, ya\u015fay\u0131\u015f s\u0259viyy\u0259si v\u0259 s. n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259 tutulur [1, s.21]. \u201cR\u0259qqas formal\u0131\u201d miqrasiya n\u00f6v\u00fcnd\u0259 sosial-iqtisadi amill\u0259r daxili prosesl\u0259rd\u0259 oldu\u011fu kimi beyn\u0259lxalq al\u0259md\u0259 d\u0259 diqq\u0259t \u00e7\u0259k\u0259n m\u00fch\u00fcm m\u0259qamlardan biridir. Xarici t\u0259cr\u00fcb\u0259nin \u00f6yr\u0259nilm\u0259si v\u0259 idar\u0259\u00e7iliyi sah\u0259sind\u0259 h\u0259yata ke\u00e7iril\u0259n \u0259m\u0259kda\u015fl\u0131q \u0259laq\u0259l\u0259ri, imzalanan s\u0259n\u0259dl\u0259r dialoq v\u0259 m\u00fczakir\u0259l\u0259r zaman\u0131 yeni yollar\u0131n yaranmas\u0131, el\u0259c\u0259 d\u0259 d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259raras\u0131 m\u00fcnasib\u0259tl\u0259rin t\u0259nziml\u0259nm\u0259si kimi vacib m\u0259qamlar da \u00fcz\u0259 \u00e7\u0131x\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Beyn\u0259lxalq statistikada m\u00f6vs\u00fcmi miqrantlara \u201cq\u0131sam\u00fcdd\u0259tli immiqrantlar v\u0259 emiqrantlar\u201d, \u201cmiqrant-m\u00f6vs\u00fcmi is\u00e7i\u201d v\u0259 s. terminl\u0259ri uy\u011fundur. M\u00fct\u0259r\u0259ddid (k\u0259fkirli) miqrasiya (m\u0259kik, s\u0259rh\u0259dyan\u0131) bir \u00f6lk\u0259d\u0259n dig\u0259rin\u0259 v\u0259 \u0259ksin\u0259 g\u00fcnd\u0259lik, nadir hallarda h\u0259ft\u0259lik gedib-g\u0259lm\u0259ni \u0259ks etdirir [4, s. 178]. Miqrasiya il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 beyn\u0259lxalq statistik g\u00f6st\u0259ricil\u0259r, immiqrant v\u0259 emiqrantlar\u0131n prosesl\u0259rd\u0259 i\u015ftirak\u0131 m\u00f6vs\u00fcmi v\u0259 daimi olmaqla m\u00fcxt\u0259lif m\u0259rh\u0259l\u0259l\u0259r \u015f\u0259klind\u0259 izah oluna bil\u0259r. H\u0259m\u00e7inin, az t\u0259sad\u00fcf olunan h\u0259ft\u0259lik \u0259m\u0259k miqrasiyalar\u0131 sosial sferan\u0131n geni\u015fl\u0259nm\u0259sind\u0259 az \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259t da\u015f\u0131m\u0131r. Burada m\u00fct\u0259r\u0259ddid miqrasiyan\u0131n eynisi olan \u201ck\u0259fkirli\u201d miqrasiya t\u0259dqiqatlarda az rast g\u0259lin\u0259n m\u0259qamlardand\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Qloballa\u015fma \u015f\u0259raitind\u0259 miqrasiyan\u0131n miqyas\u0131nda \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tli art\u0131m olmu\u015fdur v\u0259 n\u0259tic\u0259d\u0259 miqrasiya prosesl\u0259rinin yeni formalar\u0131 yaranm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. \u0130qtisadi amill\u0259rin miqrasiya ax\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131 \u0259vv\u0259lc\u0259d\u0259n m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n etm\u0259sin\u0259 baxmayaraq, qloballa\u015fma \u015f\u0259raitind\u0259 miqrasiyan\u0131n sosial amill\u0259rinin \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259ti art\u0131r. Qlobal miqrasiyalar m\u00fcasir d\u00fcnya d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259rinin sosial-iqtisadi v\u0259 demoqrafik inki\u015faf\u0131nda m\u00fch\u00fcm amil\u0259 \u00e7evrilmi\u015fdir [9, s.140]. XXI \u0259srd\u0259 h\u0259l\u0259 d\u0259 davam etm\u0259kd\u0259 olan qlobal d\u0259yi\u015fiklikl\u0259rin miqrasiyalara t\u0259siri qa\u00e7\u0131lmazd\u0131r. Bir s\u0131ra s\u0259b\u0259bl\u0259rd\u0259n geni\u015fl\u0259n\u0259n v\u0259 getdikc\u0259 intensivl\u0259\u015f\u0259n \u0259m\u0259k miqrasiyas\u0131n\u0131n v\u0259 onun t\u0259rkib hiss\u0259si olan \u201cr\u0259qqas formal\u0131\u201d miqrasiyan\u0131n g\u0259tirdiyi sosial-iqtisadi \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fckl\u0259r onu dem\u0259y\u0259 \u0259sas verir ki, h\u0259min proses g\u00fcnd\u0259lik oldu\u011fu \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn daha \u00e7ox m\u00fczakir\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 s\u0259b\u0259b yarad\u0131r. Beyn\u0259lxalq v\u0259 regional t\u0259\u015fkilatlar\u0131n qloballa\u015fma v\u0259 miqrasiya potensial\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fcks\u0259lm\u0259si il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 birm\u0259nal\u0131 yana\u015fmamas\u0131 is\u0259 m\u00f6vcud sah\u0259d\u0259 fikir ayr\u0131l\u0131qlar\u0131n\u0131n yaranmas\u0131na s\u0259b\u0259b yaratmaqla, paralel olaraq sosial \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fcy\u00fcn\u00fcn \u0259sas al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 b\u0259yan edir.<\/p>\n<p>Yeni minilliyin ba\u015flan\u011f\u0131c\u0131nda beyn\u0259lxalq inki\u015faf agentlikl\u0259ri v\u0259 h\u00f6kum\u0259tl\u0259r inki\u015faf\u0131 t\u0259\u015fviq etm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn kas\u0131b \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 miqrasiya v\u0259 pul k\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcrm\u0259l\u0259ri potensial\u0131n\u0131 k\u0259\u015ff etdil\u0259r [15, s.8]. Miqrasiya v\u0259 pul k\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcrm\u0259l\u0259ri beyn\u0259lxalq, h\u0259m\u00e7inin regional s\u0259viyy\u0259d\u0259 apar\u0131lan t\u0259dqiqatlarda \u00f6n s\u0131ralarda g\u0259lir. Pul k\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcrm\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 t\u0259\u015fviq, onlayn qaydalar\u0131n t\u0259tbiq olunmas\u0131 \u0259m\u0259k miqrasiyas\u0131n\u0131n geni\u015fl\u0259nm\u0259sin\u0259 m\u00fcsb\u0259t t\u0259sir g\u00f6st\u0259rir. Burada miqrasiyan\u0131n \u201cr\u0259qqas\u201d formas\u0131n\u0131n i\u015ftirak\u0131 m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259si d\u0259 az \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259t da\u015f\u0131m\u0131r. H\u0259m daxild\u0259 b\u00f6lg\u0259l\u0259r aras\u0131nda, h\u0259m d\u0259 xaricd\u0259 \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259r aras\u0131nda ba\u015f tutan valyuta m\u00fcbadil\u0259si bu bax\u0131mdan miqrasiyalar\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn n\u00f6vl\u0259rind\u0259 populyarl\u0131q qazanm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Beyn\u0259lxalq \u0259m\u0259k miqrasiyas\u0131n\u0131n artmas\u0131 il\u0259 sosial m\u00fcavin\u0259tl\u0259rin k\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcr\u00fclm\u0259sinin m\u00fcmk\u00fcnl\u00fcy\u00fc m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259si b\u00fct\u00fcn d\u00fcnyada getdikc\u0259 daha \u00e7ox \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259t k\u0259sb edir v\u0259 BMT-nin Davaml\u0131 \u0130nki\u015faf M\u0259qs\u0259dl\u0259ri aras\u0131nda performans g\u00f6st\u0259ricil\u0259rind\u0259n biri olaraq tan\u0131n\u0131r [13, s.525]. \u018fm\u0259k miqrasiyas\u0131 v\u0259 \u0259m\u0259k\u00e7i miqrantlar m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259sin\u0259 beyn\u0259lxalq t\u0259\u015fkilatlar\u0131n hesabatlar\u0131nda geni\u015f yer verilir. Burada BMT ilk s\u0131rada g\u0259lir v\u0259 ona ba\u011fl\u0131 olaraq f\u0259aliyy\u0259t g\u00f6st\u0259r\u0259n beyn\u0259lxalq, regional miqrasiya qurumlar\u0131 m\u00fcnt\u0259z\u0259m miqrasiya prosesi, gedi\u015f-g\u0259li\u015fli g\u00fcnd\u0259lik i\u015fl\u0259rd\u0259 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan insanlar\u0131n sosial m\u00fcavin\u0259tl\u0259rinin k\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcr\u00fclm\u0259si kimi probleml\u0259ri d\u0259 g\u00fcnd\u0259m\u0259 g\u0259tirm\u0259y\u0259 davam edirl\u0259r.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>2.2 Prosesd\u0259 miqrasiya-miqrant <\/strong><strong>m\u00fcnasib\u0259tl\u0259ri<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Miqrasiya-miqrant m\u00fcnasib\u0259tl\u0259ri t\u0259dqiqat\u0131n yerin\u0259 yetirilm\u0259sind\u0259 \u0259sas aspektl\u0259rd\u0259n biri kimi \u201cm\u00fct\u0259r\u0259ddid\u201d miqrasiya prosesl\u0259rinin n\u0259z\u0259ri t\u0259hlilinin \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tin\u0259 diqq\u0259t \u00e7\u0259kir. Bu bax\u0131mdan, qeyd olunan \u201cmiqrasiya v\u0259 miqrant m\u00fcnasib\u0259tl\u0259ri\u201d m\u00fcr\u0259kk\u0259b v\u0259 ba\u015fa d\u00fc\u015f\u00fclm\u0259si \u00e7\u0259tin, a\u00e7\u0131q bir reall\u0131qd\u0131r. Bununla birlikd\u0259, m\u00fcasir d\u00f6vrd\u0259 ba\u015f ver\u0259n qloballa\u015fma fenomeni bu qar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ql\u0131 m\u00fcnasib\u0259tl\u0259r\u0259 d\u0259 t\u0259sir edir v\u0259 onlar\u0131 daha da inki\u015faf etdirir. S\u00f6z\u00fcged\u0259n m\u00fcr\u0259kk\u0259b qurulu\u015f miqrasiya t\u0259dqiqatlar\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u0259n b\u00f6y\u00fck mane\u0259dir. Bu m\u0259qam h\u0259m d\u0259 d\u0259qiq analiz \u0259ld\u0259 etm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn, t\u0259hlil edilm\u0259si laz\u0131m olan miqrasiya il\u0259 miqrantlar aras\u0131nda f\u0259rq qoyaraq t\u0259dqiqatlar\u0131 \u00f6z\u0259ll\u0259\u015fdirm\u0259kdir [11, s. 68]. Miqrasiya v\u0259 bu prosesl\u0259rd\u0259 i\u015ftirak ed\u0259n miqrantlar\u0131n ist\u0259r xarici \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259, ist\u0259rs\u0259 d\u0259 daxild\u0259 b\u00f6lg\u0259l\u0259raras\u0131 \u201cr\u0259qqas formal\u0131\u201d miqrasiyada i\u015ftirak\u0131 m\u00fcsb\u0259t d\u0259y\u0259rl\u0259ndirilir. Lakin burada probleml\u0259rin yaranmas\u0131 v\u0259 onlar\u0131n h\u0259lli yollar\u0131n\u0131n tap\u0131lmas\u0131 kimi m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259r, tarixi v\u0259 sosioloji aspektd\u0259n yana\u015f\u0131lan m\u00f6vzunun m\u00fcasir d\u00fcnyada daha aktual s\u0259sl\u0259ndiyini \u0259ks etdirir. M\u00f6vcud miqrasiya prosesl\u0259rind\u0259 i\u015ftirak ed\u0259n miqrantlar\u0131n h\u00fcquqlar\u0131n\u0131n qorunmas\u0131 \u00fcmumi qaydalara daxil olmaqla insan \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 m\u0259suliyy\u0259t yaratm\u0131\u015f olur. Miqrasiya yarand\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00fcnd\u0259n m\u00fcr\u0259kk\u0259b qurulu\u015f kimi tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f v\u0259 x\u00fcsusil\u0259 onun \u201cr\u0259qqas\u201d formas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6yr\u0259nilm\u0259sinin \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tini art\u0131rm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Miqrasiya sosial varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n bir \u00e7ox aspektl\u0259rin\u0259 birba\u015fa t\u0259sir etdiyi kimi, bu da \u00f6z m\u00fcr\u0259kk\u0259b dinamikas\u0131n\u0131 inki\u015faf etdir\u0259n bir prosesdir. Bel\u0259likl\u0259, miqrasiya t\u0259dqiqatlar\u0131 mahiyy\u0259t etibaril\u0259 f\u0259nl\u0259raras\u0131 xarakter da\u015f\u0131y\u0131r. Sosiologiya, \u0259d\u0259biyyat, siyasi elm, tarix, iqtisadiyyat, co\u011frafiya, demoqrafiya, psixologiya v\u0259 h\u00fcquq kimi elml\u0259r miqrasiya il\u0259 \u0259laq\u0259li sah\u0259l\u0259rdir [12, s.738]. Geni\u015f m\u0259nada miqrasiya dem\u0259k olar ki, \u0259ks\u0259r elm sah\u0259l\u0259rini \u0259hat\u0259 etm\u0259kl\u0259 miqrasiya-miqrant m\u00fcnasib\u0259tl\u0259rinin m\u00fczakir\u0259sin\u0259 yol a\u00e7\u0131r. Lakin tarixi ke\u00e7mi\u015fd\u0259, yaxud yax\u0131n tarixd\u0259 ba\u015f ver\u0259n miqrasiya prosesl\u0259ri v\u0259 onun \u201cr\u0259qqas\u201d formas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6yr\u0259nilm\u0259si konkret sah\u0259y\u0259 aid olmaqla m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259y\u0259 individual yana\u015fma t\u0259l\u0259b etm\u0259k iqtidar\u0131ndad\u0131r. \u0130nsan sosial v\u0259 tarixi m\u0259lumatlar\u0131 m\u0259nims\u0259mi\u015f varl\u0131q olaraq, davaml\u0131 yer d\u0259yi\u015fir, y\u00fcks\u0259k t\u0259min olunmu\u015f h\u0259yat u\u011frunda m\u00fcbariz\u0259 apar\u0131r. Miqyas\u0131ndan as\u0131l\u0131 olmayaraq insanlar m\u00fcnt\u0259z\u0259m miqrasiya etm\u0259y\u0259 meyillidirl\u0259r. Bu, \u00f6lk\u0259nin daxilind\u0259 oldu\u011fu kimi, xaricind\u0259 d\u0259 m\u00fc\u015fahid\u0259 olunur v\u0259 miqrasiya-miqrant m\u00fcnasib\u0259tl\u0259rinin \u00f6yr\u0259nilm\u0259sind\u0259 rol oynay\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>M\u0259lumdur ki, \u0259hali i\u00e7\u0259risind\u0259 ba\u015f ver\u0259n demoqrafik prosesl\u0259rin v\u0259 miqrasiyan\u0131n kort\u0259bii \u015f\u0259kil almas\u0131 b\u00f6y\u00fck probleml\u0259rl\u0259 (acl\u0131q, \u201cdemoqrafik partlay\u0131\u015f\u201d v\u0259 s.) m\u00fc\u015fayi\u0259t olunur. Bunlar\u0131n idar\u0259 edil\u0259 bilm\u0259si demoqrafik prosesl\u0259rin t\u0259nziml\u0259nm\u0259si, m\u00fcvafiq \u0259hali siyas\u0259tinin haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131n\u0131n \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tini daha da art\u0131rm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r [3, s.3-4]. \u018fhalinin s\u0131xl\u0131\u011f\u0131 il\u0259 m\u00fc\u015f\u00fchid\u0259 olunan v\u0259 demoqrafik bax\u0131mdan t\u0259nziml\u0259nm\u0259sind\u0259 fasil\u0259l\u0259r yaranan, yaxud idar\u0259 olunmas\u0131 m\u0259hdudla\u015fan miqrasiya prosesl\u0259rind\u0259 h\u0259yata ke\u00e7iril\u0259n siyas\u0259t d\u00fczg\u00fcn qurulmal\u0131d\u0131r. Qeyd olunan m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259 miqrasiya-miqrant m\u00fcnasib\u0259tl\u0259ril\u0259 birba\u015fa ba\u011fl\u0131 olub analitik t\u0259hlil t\u0259l\u0259b ed\u0259n m\u00fch\u00fcm amildir. Bel\u0259 oldu\u011fu halda, neqativ hallar\u0131n tez bir zamanda aradan qald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na, acl\u0131q v\u0259 demoqrafik a\u015f\u0131nma kimi ciddi probleml\u0259rin t\u0259nziml\u0259nm\u0259sin\u0259 nail olmaq m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n<p>Q\u0259rars\u0131z (g\u0259l-get) miqrasiya insanlar\u0131n g\u00fcnd\u0259lik v\u0259 ya h\u0259ft\u0259lik olaraq h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259t etdikl\u0259ri v\u0259 ya\u015fay\u0131\u015f m\u0259nt\u0259q\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 (m\u00fcxt\u0259lif ya\u015fay\u0131\u015f m\u0259nt\u0259q\u0259l\u0259ri aras\u0131nda) getdikl\u0259ri v\u0259 qay\u0131td\u0131qlar\u0131 prosesl\u0259r\u0259 aiddir. \u015e\u0259h\u0259r v\u0259 k\u0259nd \u0259halisinin \u0259ks\u0259riyy\u0259tini \u0259hat\u0259 ed\u0259n bu miqrasiya formas\u0131 da son yar\u0131m \u0259srd\u0259 olduqca s\u0131xla\u015fm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. BMT-nin statistik qaydalar\u0131na g\u00f6r\u0259, yeni g\u0259ldikl\u0259ri yerd\u0259 6 aydan \u00e7ox ya\u015fayan insanlar miqrant olaraq q\u0259bul edilirl\u0259r. T\u0259dqiqat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n \u0259ks\u0259riyy\u0259tinin q\u0259na\u0259tin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259, turistl\u0259rin, t\u0259til\u0259 \u00e7\u0131xanlar\u0131n, ziyar\u0259t ed\u0259nl\u0259rin v\u0259 dig\u0259r m\u0259qs\u0259dli s\u0259f\u0259rl\u0259rin miqrasiyaya daxil edilm\u0259si m\u00fcbahis\u0259lidir. \u00c7\u00fcnki bu v\u0259ziyy\u0259td\u0259 s\u00f6hb\u0259t daimi ya\u015fay\u0131\u015f yerinin d\u0259yi\u015fdirilm\u0259sind\u0259n getmir. \u201cG\u0259l-get\u201d miqrasiyas\u0131 h\u0259m d\u0259 \u00f6lk\u0259 iqtisadiyyat\u0131n\u0131n \u0259n m\u00fcxt\u0259lif pe\u015f\u0259l\u0259ri, ixtisaslar\u0131 v\u0259 \u0259m\u0259k ehtiyatlar\u0131 hesab\u0131na t\u0259l\u0259bat\u0131n \u00f6d\u0259nilm\u0259si aras\u0131nda tarazl\u0131\u011f\u0131n t\u0259min edilm\u0259sind\u0259 m\u00fch\u00fcm rol oynay\u0131r [10, s.25]. Adlar\u0131 \u00e7\u0259kil\u0259n sah\u0259l\u0259r miqrasiya-miqrant \u0259laq\u0259l\u0259rinin qurulmas\u0131 v\u0259 inki\u015faf\u0131 bax\u0131m\u0131ndan fayda ver\u0259 bil\u0259c\u0259k n\u0259z\u0259ri aspektl\u0259rin m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n olunmas\u0131na \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tli t\u0259sir g\u00f6st\u0259rir. Bu s\u0259b\u0259bd\u0259n \u0259m\u0259k miqrasiyas\u0131nda \u201cr\u0259qqas\u201d n\u00f6v\u00fcn\u00fcn geni\u015f imkanlar\u0131 v\u0259 prosesin g\u00fcnd\u0259lik, m\u00fcnt\u0259z\u0259m v\u0259 h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259tli \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 ba\u015f verm\u0259si, \u015f\u0259h\u0259r v\u0259 k\u0259ndl\u0259rd\u0259 s\u0131xla\u015fma probleminin h\u0259llin\u0259 diqq\u0259t \u00e7\u0259kir. Burada m\u00fcxt\u0259lif kateqoriyadan olan insanlar\u0131n i\u015ftirak\u0131 t\u0259dqiqat\u0131n maraq dair\u0259sini bir q\u0259d\u0259r d\u0259 art\u0131rm\u0131\u015f olur. Onlar\u0131n aras\u0131nda yuxar\u0131da qeyd olunan k\u0259siml\u0259rin miqrant hesab olunmas\u0131 kimi m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259r is\u0259 f\u0259rqli t\u0259dqiqat\u0131n m\u00f6vzusu kimi qar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131x\u0131r. Son ill\u0259r \u201cq\u0259rars\u0131z\u201d, dig\u0259r ad\u0131yla \u201cr\u0259qqas formal\u0131\u201d miqrasiya n\u00f6v\u00fcn\u00fcn ara\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 zaman\u0131 ya\u015fay\u0131\u015f m\u0259nt\u0259q\u0259l\u0259ri aras\u0131nda s\u0131xl\u0131\u011f\u0131n artmas\u0131na g\u0259tirib \u00e7\u0131xaran b\u0259zi m\u0259qamlar t\u0259dqiqat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n diqq\u0259tind\u0259n yay\u0131nmam\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Bu is\u0259 \u00f6z n\u00f6vb\u0259sind\u0259 miqrasiya-miqrant m\u00fcnasib\u0259tl\u0259rinin t\u0259nziml\u0259nm\u0259sind\u0259 m\u00fcr\u0259k\u0259b v\u0259ziyy\u0259tin h\u0259r an yarana bil\u0259c\u0259yind\u0259n x\u0259b\u0259r verir. \u018fhali say\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fcks\u0259lm\u0259si, n\u0259tic\u0259d\u0259 demoqrafik inki\u015faf\u0131n geni\u015fl\u0259nm\u0259si, s\u00f6z\u00fcged\u0259n miqrasiya prosesl\u0259rind\u0259 t\u0259msil olunanlar\u0131n azalmas\u0131na yox, \u0259ksin\u0259 \u00e7oxalmas\u0131na \u015f\u0259rait yaratm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. \u0130qtisadi inki\u015faf\u0131n g\u0259tirdiyi m\u00fcsb\u0259t m\u0259qamlardan biri kimi \u201cr\u0259qqas formal\u0131\u201d miqrasiya prosesl\u0259rind\u0259 insanlar\u0131n i\u015ftirak s\u0259viyy\u0259si d\u0259 xeyli artm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Qeyd etm\u0259k laz\u0131md\u0131r ki, miqrasiya prosesinin, x\u00fcsusil\u0259 daxili miqrasiyan\u0131n t\u0259dqiq edilm\u0259sin\u0259 dair \u00fcmumi q\u0259bul edilmi\u015f vahid metodoloji \u00fcsul yoxdur. Burada m\u00fcxt\u0259lif metodlardan \u2013 beyn\u0259lxalq t\u0259cr\u00fcb\u0259d\u0259 metodologiyan\u0131n haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131nda insanlar\u0131n h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259tliliyi, ev t\u0259s\u0259rr\u00fcfatlar\u0131, kommunal xidm\u0259tl\u0259r\u0259 dair g\u00f6st\u0259ricil\u0259r (i\u015f\u0131q, qaz, su abonentl\u0259ri v\u0259 s.), n\u0259qliyyat vasit\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 istifad\u0259 olunan kart, talon v\u0259 s. d\u0259n istifad\u0259 olunur [7, s.209]. Dem\u0259k olar ki, ictimai elml\u0259r sah\u0259sind\u0259 t\u0259dqiqat \u00fcsullar\u0131 vahid metodologiyaya \u0259saslanm\u0131r. Bizim t\u0259dqiq etdiyimiz m\u00f6vzu daha \u00e7ox tarix v\u0259 sosiologiya y\u00f6n\u00fcml\u00fc oldu\u011fu \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn burada yax\u0131n tarixd\u0259 ba\u015f ver\u0259n miqrasiya prosesl\u0259ri, d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259rin miqrasiya siyas\u0259ti, miqrasiyalar\u0131n sosial-iqtisadi, n\u0259z\u0259ri aspektl\u0259rinin \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclm\u0259si kimi m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259r \u00f6n plana \u00e7\u0131x\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Sadalanan m\u0259qamlar miqrasiya-miqrant m\u00fcnasib\u0259tl\u0259rin\u0259 d\u0259 t\u0259sirsiz \u00f6t\u00fc\u015fm\u00fcr. Elmi-n\u0259z\u0259ri metod h\u0259yata ke\u00e7iril\u0259n\u00a0\u00a0 t\u0259dqiqat\u0131n \u0259sas qay\u0259si olub, m\u00fcasir d\u00f6vrd\u0259 miqrasiyan\u0131n \u201cr\u0259qqas\u201d formas\u0131n\u0131n ara\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259t k\u0259sb etdiyini dem\u0259y\u0259 \u0259sas verir. Bel\u0259 oldu\u011fu t\u0259qdird\u0259, miqrasiya-miqrant m\u00fcnasib\u0259tl\u0259rinin m\u00fcsb\u0259t inki\u015faf dinamikas\u0131 m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259nl\u0259\u015fmi\u015f olur. D\u00f6vl\u0259t m\u00fcst\u0259qilliyinin b\u0259rpas\u0131ndan \u00f6t\u0259n 30 ild\u0259n \u00e7ox vaxt \u0259rzind\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycanda formala\u015fan miqrasiya qanunvericiliyi m\u00f6vcud sah\u0259d\u0259 h\u0259yata ke\u00e7iril\u0259n siyas\u0259tin d\u00fczg\u00fcn quruldu\u011funu \u0259ks etdirir v\u0259 problem\u0259 elmi-analitik yana\u015fman\u0131n z\u0259ruri oldu\u011funu t\u0259sdiq edir. H\u0259r\u0259k\u0259tlilik, infrastruktur \u015f\u0259raitin \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fcy\u00fc, x\u0259rcl\u0259r v\u0259 s. sosial m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259r \u201cr\u0259qqas\u201d miqrasiya n\u00f6v\u00fcn\u00fcn regionda geni\u015f \u0259ks-s\u0259da tapd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6st\u0259rir v\u0259 qeyd olunan m\u00fcnasib\u0259tl\u0259ri t\u0259nziml\u0259yir.<\/p>\n<p>Daxili miqrasiya h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259tl\u0259ri m\u00fcasir Az\u0259rbaycan Respublikas\u0131n\u0131n siyasi v\u0259 sosial h\u0259yat\u0131na t\u0259sir ed\u0259n \u0259n m\u00fch\u00fcm amill\u0259rd\u0259n biridir. [14, s. 467]. Az\u0259rbaycan d\u00f6vl\u0259tinin miqrasiya sah\u0259sind\u0259 \u0259ld\u0259 etdiyi m\u00fcsb\u0259t n\u00fcmun\u0259l\u0259r daxili miqrasiya prosesl\u0259rinin y\u00fcks\u0259l\u0259n x\u0259tl\u0259 inki\u015faf\u0131 il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. T\u0259kmill\u0259\u015fm\u0259kd\u0259 olan v\u0259 m\u00fct\u0259r\u0259qqi t\u0259cr\u00fcb\u0259y\u0259 \u0259saslanan miqrasiya qanunvericiliyi emiqrasiya v\u0259 immiqrasiyalar\u0131n, el\u0259c\u0259 d\u0259 paytaxt Bak\u0131da \u201cr\u0259qqas formal\u0131\u201d miqrasiyan\u0131n sosial v\u0259 ictimai-siyasi h\u0259yata pozitiv t\u0259sir g\u00f6st\u0259rdiyini \u0259ks etdirir.<\/p>\n<p>Miqrasiya Az\u0259rbaycanda 44 g\u00fcnl\u00fck V\u0259t\u0259n m\u00fcharib\u0259sind\u0259n sonra yeni t\u0259r\u0259qqi fazas\u0131na ke\u00e7id alm\u0131\u015f, m\u00f6vcud sah\u0259d\u0259 beyn\u0259lxalq \u0259m\u0259kda\u015fl\u0131q \u0259laq\u0259l\u0259ri geni\u015fl\u0259nmi\u015fdir. N\u0259tic\u0259d\u0259 miqrasiya-miqrant m\u00fcnasib\u0259tl\u0259ri pozitiv inki\u015faf yolu tutmu\u015f v\u0259 milli t\u0259cr\u00fcb\u0259 xarici \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rin diqq\u0259tini \u00e7\u0259kmi\u015fdir.<\/p>\n<p>Ya\u015fay\u0131\u015f yerind\u0259n k\u0259narda, g\u00fcnd\u0259lik ya\u015fay\u0131\u015f yerin\u0259 qay\u0131tmaqla m\u0259\u015f\u011ful olma\u011f\u0131 \u0259hat\u0259 ed\u0259n \u201cm\u00fct\u0259r\u0259ddid\u201d g\u00fcnd\u0259lik \u0259m\u0259k miqrasiyas\u0131, \u015f\u0259h\u0259rd\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259y\u0259n \u015f\u0259h\u0259r\u0259traf\u0131 sakinl\u0259r, rayon m\u0259rk\u0259zl\u0259rind\u0259 \u0259m\u0259k f\u0259aliyy\u0259ti il\u0259 m\u0259\u015f\u011ful olan k\u0259nd sakinl\u0259ri v\u0259 s. \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u0259n xarakterikdir [17, s. 153]. Bu faktor miqrasiya-miqrant m\u00fcnasib\u0259tl\u0259rinin \u00f6yr\u0259nilm\u0259sind\u0259 n\u0259z\u0259ri \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259t k\u0259sb edir. \u015e\u0259h\u0259r\u0259traf\u0131, q\u0259s\u0259b\u0259 v\u0259 k\u0259ndl\u0259rd\u0259n h\u0259r g\u00fcn eyni q\u0131sa m\u0259saf\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 i\u015f\u0259 g\u0259l\u0259n v\u0259 geri qay\u0131dan miqrantlar\u0131n h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259ti, b\u0259zi hallarda s\u0131xl\u0131\u011f\u0131n b\u0259lli saatlarda t\u0131xaclara s\u0259b\u0259b yaradacaq q\u0259d\u0259r y\u00fcks\u0259lm\u0259si, art\u0131q h\u0259yat\u0131n bir par\u00e7as\u0131, h\u0259yat t\u0259rzi kimi qiym\u0259tl\u0259ndiril\u0259 bil\u0259r. Bu xarakterik h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259tlilik insanlar\u0131n sosialla\u015fmas\u0131na m\u00fcsb\u0259t t\u0259sir g\u00f6st\u0259rir v\u0259 m\u00f6vcud m\u00fcnasib\u0259tl\u0259rin m\u00f6hk\u0259ml\u0259nm\u0259sin\u0259 g\u0259tirib \u00e7\u0131xar\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Xarici m\u0259nb\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 cazib\u0259 modeli \u201cm\u00fct\u0259r\u0259ddid\u201d miqrasiyas\u0131n\u0131n qiym\u0259tl\u0259ndirilm\u0259si metodlar\u0131ndan biri hesab olunur, burada parametrl\u0259r iki ya\u015fay\u0131\u015f m\u0259nt\u0259q\u0259si aras\u0131ndak\u0131 m\u0259saf\u0259, onlarda ya\u015fayan \u0259halinin say\u0131 v\u0259 bu ya\u015fay\u0131\u015f m\u0259nt\u0259q\u0259l\u0259rinin iqtisadiyyat\u0131ndak\u0131 \u0259m\u0259k haqq\u0131n\u0131n miqdar\u0131d\u0131r [19, s. 632-633]. Burada cazib\u0259 modeli dedikd\u0259, insanlar\u0131n b\u0259lli miqdarda, diqq\u0259t \u00e7\u0259k\u0259c\u0259k maa\u015fla t\u0259minat\u0131n\u0131n cazib g\u00f6r\u00fcnm\u0259si, el\u0259c\u0259 d\u0259 q\u0131sa m\u0259saf\u0259d\u0259 gedi\u015f-g\u0259li\u015fl\u0259rin adi hal almas\u0131 il\u0259 izah oluna bil\u0259r. H\u0259min metod miqrasiya-miqrant m\u00fcnasib\u0259tl\u0259rin\u0259 pozitiv t\u0259sir g\u00f6st\u0259rm\u0259k, insanlara se\u00e7im etm\u0259k imkan\u0131 verm\u0259kl\u0259, davaml\u0131 diqq\u0259t \u00e7\u0259kir v\u0259 t\u0259min olunmu\u015f h\u0259yat u\u011frunda m\u00fcbariz\u0259d\u0259 \u201cm\u00fct\u0259r\u0259ddid\u201d v\u0259 ya \u201cr\u0259qqas formal\u0131\u201d miqrasiya n\u00f6v\u00fcn\u00fcn sosial faydal\u0131 oldu\u011funu g\u00f6st\u0259rir.<\/p>\n<p>V\u0259t\u0259nda\u015flar\u0131n \u0259m\u0259k f\u0259aliyy\u0259ti il\u0259 \u0259laq\u0259li ya\u015fay\u0131\u015f m\u0259nt\u0259q\u0259l\u0259ri aras\u0131nda m\u00fcnt\u0259z\u0259m h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259ti (\u201cm\u00fct\u0259r\u0259ddid\u201d \u0259m\u0259k miqrasiyas\u0131) yerli v\u0259 regional \u0259m\u0259k bazarlar\u0131nda \u0259m\u0259k ehtiyatlar\u0131n\u0131n yenid\u0259n b\u00f6l\u00fc\u015fd\u00fcr\u00fclm\u0259sin\u0259 s\u0259b\u0259b olur. \u018fm\u0259k miqrasiyas\u0131 m\u00fcr\u0259kk\u0259b bir sosial-iqtisadi prosesdir, \u00f6yr\u0259nilm\u0259si f\u0259nl\u0259raras\u0131 yana\u015fma t\u0259l\u0259b edir [18, s.86]. \u018fm\u0259k ehtiyatlar\u0131n\u0131n b\u00f6l\u00fcnm\u0259si m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259si miqrantlar aras\u0131nda r\u0259qab\u0259r m\u00fchiti formala\u015fd\u0131rm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Buna is\u0259 \u201cm\u00fct\u0259r\u0259ddid\u201d miqrasiya formas\u0131nda tez-tez rast g\u0259linir. Bel\u0259 oldu\u011fu t\u0259qdird\u0259, \u0259m\u0259k miqrasiyas\u0131 h\u0259m m\u00fcr\u0259kk\u0259b, h\u0259m d\u0259 anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olan proses kimi sosial \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tini h\u0259r g\u00fcn bir q\u0259d\u0259r d\u0259 art\u0131rm\u0131\u015f olur. \u015e\u0259rh olunan istiqam\u0259tl\u0259r, he\u00e7 \u015f\u00fcbh\u0259siz, miqrasiya-miqrant m\u00fcnasib\u0259tl\u0259rind\u0259 \u00f6z \u0259ksini tap\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>T\u0259l\u0259b v\u0259 t\u0259klif n\u0259z\u0259riyy\u0259si, \u0259sas\u0259n \u0259m\u0259k haqq\u0131 f\u0259rqliliyinin t\u0259siri il\u0259 vasit\u0259\u00e7ilik n\u0259z\u0259riyy\u0259si miqrasiyan\u0131n \u00f6yr\u0259nilm\u0259sind\u0259 klassik bir \u0259n\u0259n\u0259dir. Klassik yana\u015fma artan iqtisadiyyatda \u201cm\u00fct\u0259r\u0259ddid\u201d \u0259m\u0259k miqrasiyas\u0131n\u0131n, \u00fcmumiyy\u0259tl\u0259, daxili miqrasiya kimi, i\u015f\u00e7i q\u00fcvv\u0259sin\u0259 t\u0259l\u0259b v\u0259 t\u0259klifd\u0259ki co\u011frafi f\u0259rql\u0259rd\u0259n qaynaqland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6st\u0259rir [24, s.41]. Burada co\u011frafi f\u0259rql\u0259r m\u00fcxt\u0259lif c\u00fcr t\u0259zah\u00fcr edir. \u018fslind\u0259 problem\u0259 klassik m\u0259ntiql\u0259 yana\u015fma \u0259m\u0259k haqq\u0131 f\u0259rqliliyind\u0259n ir\u0259li g\u0259l\u0259n vasit\u0259\u00e7ilik n\u0259z\u0259riyy\u0259sinin \u00f6yr\u0259nilm\u0259sini z\u0259ruri edir. H\u0259m\u00e7inin, artan iqtisadi t\u0259l\u0259bl\u0259r v\u0259 sosial d\u0259yi\u015fiklikl\u0259r \u201cr\u0259qqas formal\u0131\u201d miqrasiyan\u0131n g\u00fcnd\u0259lik miqrant h\u0259yat\u0131nda ba\u015fl\u0131ca rol oynad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6st\u0259rir. Bu is\u0259 t\u0259hlili g\u0259r\u0259k\u0259n miqrasiya-miqrant m\u00fcnasib\u0259tl\u0259rinin t\u0259nziml\u0259nm\u0259si yollar\u0131n\u0131 \u00fcz\u0259 \u00e7\u0131xar\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cM\u00fct\u0259r\u0259ddid\u201d \u0259m\u0259k miqrantlar\u0131 i\u015f\u00e7il\u0259rin olduqca h\u0259ssas bir kateqoriyas\u0131d\u0131r, \u00e7\u00fcnki h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259tl\u0259rinin x\u00fcsusiyy\u0259tl\u0259ri il\u0259 \u0259laq\u0259dar onlara x\u00fcsusi z\u0259man\u0259t v\u0259 \u0259m\u0259k h\u00fcquqlar\u0131n\u0131n qorunmas\u0131n\u0131 t\u0259min ed\u0259 bil\u0259c\u0259k x\u00fcsusi normativ h\u00fcquqi aktlar yoxdur [26, s. 53]. G\u00fcnd\u0259lik qazanc \u0259ld\u0259 etm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn h\u0259r g\u00fcn eyni yolla m\u0259saf\u0259 q\u0259t ed\u0259r\u0259k geri qay\u0131tmaq miqrantlar\u0131 h\u0259ssas davranma\u011fa s\u00f6vq edir. H\u0259min m\u0259qam t\u0259dqiq olunan miqrasiya-miqrant m\u00fcnasib\u0259tl\u0259rind\u0259 daha tez n\u0259z\u0259r\u0259 \u00e7arp\u0131r. Bu, diqq\u0259tin c\u0259ml\u0259\u015fm\u0259si bax\u0131m\u0131ndan insan\u0131n n\u0259 ist\u0259diyini bilm\u0259si, el\u0259c\u0259 d\u0259 bu yolda yarana bil\u0259c\u0259k sosial probleml\u0259rin h\u0259lli yollar\u0131n\u0131n tap\u0131lmas\u0131 kimi anla\u015f\u0131la bil\u0259r. \u201cR\u0259qqas formal\u0131\u201d miqrasiya il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 h\u00fcquqi bax\u0131mdan konkret qanunlar\u0131n olmamas\u0131 prosesd\u0259 i\u015ftirak ed\u0259n miqrantlar\u0131n sosial m\u00fcdafi\u0259sinin t\u0259min olunmamas\u0131 kimi m\u0259nfi tendensiyalar\u0131 da b\u0259rab\u0259rind\u0259 g\u0259tirmi\u015f olur. H\u0259m\u00e7inin, bel\u0259 h\u0259ssas kateqoriyaya daxil olan insanlar\u0131n psixoloji d\u0259st\u0259kl\u0259rinin m\u0259hdud olmas\u0131 da onlar\u0131n h\u0259ssasl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bir q\u0259d\u0259r qabar\u0131q g\u00f6st\u0259rir. N\u0259tic\u0259d\u0259 h\u0259r iki t\u0259r\u0259f \u2013 miqrasiya v\u0259 miqrant m\u00fcnasib\u0259tl\u0259ri z\u0259ifl\u0259mi\u015f olur.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>N\u0259tic\u0259<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Miqrasiya prosesl\u0259rinin intensiv hal ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 XXI \u0259sr m\u00f6vcud sah\u0259d\u0259 reall\u0131qlar\u0131n g\u0259tirdiyi b\u0259zi m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259rin t\u0259hlilini vacib etmi\u015fdir. Regional, beyn\u0259lxalq v\u0259 d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259rin s\u0259rh\u0259dl\u0259ri daxilind\u0259 ba\u015f ver\u0259n miqrasiya v\u0259 onun n\u0259tic\u0259l\u0259ri m\u00fcsb\u0259t, h\u0259m\u00e7inin m\u0259nfi tendensiyalarla m\u00fc\u015fahid\u0259 olunur. T\u0259dqiq olunan m\u00f6vzu is\u0259 miqrasiyan\u0131n sad\u0259c\u0259 bir probleminin ara\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na, \u0259halinin \u201cm\u00fct\u0259r\u0259ddid\u201d, y\u0259ni \u201cr\u0259qqas formal\u0131\u201d miqrasiyada i\u015ftirak\u0131 v\u0259 faktoloji materiallar \u0259sas\u0131nda analitik t\u0259hlilinin apar\u0131lmas\u0131na h\u0259sr olunmu\u015fdur.<\/p>\n<p>Bir q\u0259d\u0259r\u00a0 d\u0259 d\u0259qiq ifad\u0259 ets\u0259k, t\u0259dqiqat i\u015fi \u201cr\u0259qqas formal\u0131\u201d \u0259m\u0259k miqrasiyas\u0131ndan b\u0259hs edir. Bununla yana\u015f\u0131, \u0259halinin bir hiss\u0259sinin \u2013 \u201cm\u00fct\u0259r\u0259ddid\u201d \u0259m\u0259k miqrantlar\u0131n\u0131n i\u015f v\u0259 ya\u015fay\u0131\u015f yerl\u0259ri aras\u0131nda, bir-birind\u0259n xeyli m\u0259saf\u0259d\u0259 v\u0259 m\u00fcxt\u0259lif t\u0259s\u0259rr\u00fcfat subyektl\u0259rind\u0259 (b\u00f6lg\u0259l\u0259r, \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259r, q\u0259s\u0259b\u0259l\u0259r, obyektl\u0259r v\u0259 s.) g\u00fcnd\u0259lik servis h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259ti kimi ba\u015fa d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcl\u00fcr [27, s. 63]. M\u0259saf\u0259l\u0259rin uzun v\u0259 q\u0131sa olmas\u0131 bu prosesd\u0259 i\u015ftirak ed\u0259n miqrantlar\u0131n h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259tliliyinin m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n olunmas\u0131nda b\u00f6y\u00fck rola malikdir. Bu, \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc qazan\u0131lan \u0259m\u0259k haqlar\u0131nda da g\u00f6st\u0259rm\u0259kl\u0259 \u0259halinin \u201cm\u00fct\u0259r\u0259ddid\u201d miqrasiyada yax\u0131ndan i\u015ftirak\u0131na mane\u0259 yaratm\u0131r. \u018fksin\u0259 d\u00fcnyan\u0131n h\u0259r yerind\u0259, h\u0259r g\u00fcn y\u00fczminl\u0259rl\u0259 insan m\u0259nt\u0259q\u0259l\u0259raras\u0131 m\u0259saf\u0259l\u0259rl\u0259 i\u015f\u0259 gedir v\u0259 geri qay\u0131d\u0131r, aktiv miqrasiya prosesl\u0259rin\u0259 t\u0259kan verirl\u0259r. Miqrantlar\u0131n h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259tind\u0259 b\u00f6y\u00fck \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259rin, b\u00f6lg\u0259, q\u0259s\u0259b\u0259 v\u0259 k\u0259ndl\u0259rin co\u011frafi g\u00f6st\u0259ricil\u0259ri, n\u0259qliyyat vasit\u0259l\u0259rinin rahat v\u0259 problemsiz ir\u0259lil\u0259m\u0259si v\u0259 s. m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259r sonda m\u00f6vzu il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 n\u0259tic\u0259y\u0259 g\u0259lm\u0259y\u0259 \u0259sas verir.<\/p>\n<p>Bu bax\u0131mdan, t\u0259dqiqat\u00e7\u0131lar \u201cr\u0259qqas\u201d formas\u0131na b\u0259nz\u0259r miqrasiyan\u0131 b\u00fct\u00f6vl\u00fckd\u0259 \u201c\u0259razi-\u0259hali h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259ti fenomeni\u201d kimi \u015f\u0259rh edirl\u0259r. Bu, sabit xarakter da\u015f\u0131y\u0131r v\u0259 miqrantlar\u0131n ya\u015fay\u0131\u015f yerinin d\u0259yi\u015film\u0259si il\u0259 \u0259laq\u0259li deyil [30, s.58]. Elm v\u0259 texnologiyalar\u0131n s\u00fcr\u0259tl\u0259 geni\u015fl\u0259ndiyi XXI \u0259srd\u0259 t\u0259m\u0259lind\u0259 tarixi prosesl\u0259r dayanan sosial-iqtisadi faktorlar miqrasiyan\u0131n \u201cm\u00fct\u0259r\u0259ddid\u201d, \u201cr\u0259qqas\u201d formas\u0131n\u0131n intensiv hal ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6st\u0259rir. M\u00f6vcud miqrasiyan\u0131n t\u0259hlilind\u0259 ilk anla\u015f\u0131lan m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259 \u0259razi, \u0259hali v\u0259 h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259t m\u0259hfumlar\u0131d\u0131r. H\u0259min prosesi canl\u0131 tutan h\u0259r g\u00fcn ba\u015f ver\u0259n h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259tlilik v\u0259 dinamik xarakter da\u015f\u0131mas\u0131d\u0131r. Bu s\u0259b\u0259bd\u0259n t\u0259bii \u015f\u0259raitd\u0259 ba\u015f ver\u0259n reall\u0131q sabit \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 \u00f6z varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 davam etdirir. Gedi\u015f-g\u0259li\u015fl\u0259r s\u0131ras\u0131nda \u0259halinin s\u0131xl\u0131\u011f\u0131 is\u0259 aydan-aya d\u0259yi\u015fir, g\u0259lirl\u0259rin azalmas\u0131 v\u0259 ya y\u00fcks\u0259lm\u0259si il\u0259 n\u0259tic\u0259l\u0259nir.<\/p>\n<p>H\u0259yat\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn sah\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmazl\u0131qlar oldu\u011fu kimi bel\u0259 h\u0259ssas m\u00f6vzuda da miqrantlar g\u00fcnd\u0259lik probleml\u0259rl\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131la\u015fmal\u0131 olurlar. Lakin \u201cm\u00fct\u0259r\u0259ddid\u201d miqrasiya il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 qanunlar\u0131n olmamas\u0131, \u0259ksin\u0259 \u00fcmumilikd\u0259 miqrasiya qanunvericiliyinin inki\u015faf etdirilm\u0259si Az\u0259rbaycan daxil olmaqla sosial-iqtisadi, h\u00fcquqi-demokratik t\u0259r\u0259qqi yolu tutmu\u015f d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259rin miqrasiya siyas\u0259tinin t\u0259kmill\u0259\u015fm\u0259sin\u0259 mane\u0259 yaratm\u0131r. H\u0259min miqrasiya formas\u0131n\u0131n inki\u015faf\u0131nda \u0259m\u0259k\u00e7i miqrantlar k\u00fctl\u0259vi h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259t etdiyi \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn nizamlanmas\u0131nda da maraql\u0131 olub, prosesin axar\u0131n\u0131n sabit qalmas\u0131na c\u0259hd etm\u0259li v\u0259 milli t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259sizliy\u0259 f\u0259rd olaraq \u00f6z d\u0259st\u0259kl\u0259rini ifad\u0259 etm\u0259lidirl\u0259r. \u018fslind\u0259 milli t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259sizliyin qorunmas\u0131 h\u0259r birimizin v\u0259t\u0259nda\u015f olaraq konstitusion \u00f6hd\u0259likl\u0259rimizd\u0259n biridir.<\/p>\n<p>M\u0259qal\u0259d\u0259 t\u0259hlil edil\u0259n m\u00fcsb\u0259t m\u0259qamlar\u0131, t\u0259dqiqat i\u015finin elmi yeniliyini v\u0259 n\u0259tic\u0259sini a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dak\u0131 kimi konkret m\u00fcdd\u0259alarla g\u00f6st\u0259rm\u0259k olar:<\/p>\n<p>q XXI \u0259srd\u0259 s\u0259rh\u0259dl\u0259ri a\u015fan miqrasiya v\u0259 onun inki\u015faf dinamikas\u0131nda \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259t da\u015f\u0131yan n\u0259z\u0259ri aspektl\u0259r \u0259halinin \u201cm\u00fct\u0259r\u0259ddid\u201d miqras\u0131yada i\u015ftirak ed\u0259r\u0259k h\u0259yat u\u011frunda m\u00fcbariz\u0259sinin davam etdiyini \u0259ks etdirir;<\/p>\n<p>q Miqrasiya prosesl\u0259rinin inki\u015faf\u0131, m\u00fcsb\u0259t v\u0259 m\u0259nfi \u00e7alarlar\u0131 il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 apar\u0131lan ara\u015fd\u0131rmalar m\u00fcasir d\u00f6vrd\u0259 h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259tliliyin y\u00fcks\u0259lm\u0259sind\u0259n x\u0259b\u0259r verir;<\/p>\n<p>q Bu s\u0259b\u0259bd\u0259n miqrasiyan\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn forma v\u0259 n\u00f6vl\u0259ri problemin ara\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n aktual oldu\u011funu t\u0259sdiq edir;<\/p>\n<p>q \u201cM\u00fct\u0259r\u0259ddid\u201d, yaxud \u201cr\u0259qqas formal\u0131\u201d miqrasiyan\u0131n insan h\u0259yat\u0131nda oynad\u0131\u011f\u0131 rol, n\u0259z\u0259ri aspektl\u0259rinin t\u0259hlili v\u0259 praktik \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tinin \u00fcz\u0259 \u00e7\u0131xar\u0131lmas\u0131 m\u00f6vzunun g\u0259l\u0259c\u0259k prioritetl\u0259rinin m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n olunmas\u0131nda m\u00fch\u00fcm yer tutur;<\/p>\n<p>q Regional, beyn\u0259lxalq v\u0259 d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259rin s\u0259rh\u0259dl\u0259ri daxilind\u0259 h\u0259r g\u00fcn ba\u015f ver\u0259n \u201cr\u0259qqas formal\u0131\u201d miqrasiya m\u00fcsb\u0259t inki\u015fafa s\u0259b\u0259b yaratmaqla yana\u015f\u0131, \u00f6z\u00fc il\u0259 b\u0259rab\u0259r b\u0259zi probleml\u0259r d\u0259 g\u0259tirir;<\/p>\n<p>q Bel\u0259 oldu\u011fu t\u0259qdird\u0259 co\u011frafi, h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259tlilik, s\u0131xl\u0131q, n\u0259qliyyat v\u0259 infrastruktur kimi m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259rin nizamlanmas\u0131 m\u00f6vcud miqrasiya prosesinin s\u00fcr\u0259tl\u0259nm\u0259sin\u0259 g\u0259tirib \u00e7\u0131xarar;<\/p>\n<p>q M\u00fcasir beyn\u0259lxalq m\u00fcnasib\u0259tl\u0259r tarixind\u0259 miqrasiyan\u0131n \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tli par\u00e7as\u0131 kimi qar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131xan \u201cm\u00fct\u0259r\u0259ddid\u201d, \u201cr\u0259qqas formal\u0131\u201d miqrasiya t\u0259dqiqat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 az \u00e7al\u0131\u015fd\u0131\u011f\u0131 m\u00f6vzulardan biri kimi populyarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 davam etdirir;<\/p>\n<p>q Prosesd\u0259 \u015f\u0259h\u0259r, q\u0259s\u0259b\u0259 v\u0259 k\u0259ndl\u0259rin i\u015ftirak\u0131, n\u0259qliyyat vasit\u0259l\u0259rinin d\u0259y\u0259rl\u0259ndirilm\u0259si \u2013 h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259tliliyin v\u0259 m\u0259nt\u0259q\u0259l\u0259raras\u0131 m\u0259saf\u0259l\u0259rin \u00f6\u00e7\u00fclm\u0259sinin t\u0259dqiqatda bir metod oldu\u011funu \u0259ks etdirir;<\/p>\n<p>q Dig\u0259r adlar\u0131 il\u0259 \u201cq\u0259rars\u0131z\u201d, \u201cget-g\u0259l\u201d, \u201ck\u0259fkirli\u201d olub eyni mahiyy\u0259t da\u015f\u0131yan m\u00f6vcud miqrasiya t\u0259dqiqat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n diqq\u0259tini \u00e7\u0259kir v\u0259 g\u0259l\u0259c\u0259kd\u0259 yeni \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259rin yaz\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6st\u0259rir;<\/p>\n<p>q Yerli v\u0259 xarici t\u0259dqiqat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259rind\u0259 m\u00f6vzu il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 v\u0259 ya m\u00f6vzuya yax\u0131n m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259r t\u0259dqiqat obyektin\u0259 \u00e7evril\u0259n miqrasiya n\u00f6v\u00fcn\u00fcn m\u00fcasir \u00e7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131\u015flar etdiyini b\u0259yan edir;<\/p>\n<p>q M\u00f6vzu il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 Az\u0259rbaycan Respublikas\u0131n\u0131n miqrasiya siyas\u0259tind\u0259 m\u00fc\u015fahid\u0259 olunan m\u00fct\u0259r\u0259qqi idar\u0259\u00e7ilik sistemi bu bax\u0131mdan t\u0259dqiqata i\u015f\u0131q tutan m\u0259qamlardan biridir;<\/p>\n<p>q Bununla yana\u015f\u0131, qon\u015fu \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rin m\u00f6vcud sah\u0259d\u0259, x\u00fcsusil\u0259 miqrasiya idar\u0259\u00e7iliyind\u0259 innovativ n\u0259tic\u0259l\u0259r qazanan Q\u0259rbi Avropan\u0131n \u00f6nd\u0259 g\u0259l\u0259n d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259rinin m\u00fcsb\u0259t n\u0259tic\u0259l\u0259ri t\u0259dqiqat\u0131n n\u0259z\u0259ri aspektl\u0259rinin t\u0259hlilind\u0259 vacib \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259t da\u015f\u0131y\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0130ST\u0130FAD\u018f ED\u0130LM\u0130\u015e \u018fD\u018fB\u0130YYAT<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Az\u0259rbaycan dilind\u0259:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Abdullayev F.N. XXI \u0259srin geosiyas\u0259tind\u0259 yeni paradiqma: Miqrasiya (mahiyy\u0259ti, \u00e7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131\u015flar, t\u0259hdidl\u0259r). Bak\u0131: Elm, 2016, 416 s.<\/li>\n<li>Aslanova A.F. Az\u0259rbaycanda miqrasiya prosesl\u0259rinin iqtisadi-demoqrafik aspektl\u0259ri \/ iqt. \u00fczr\u0259 f\u0259ls. dok. diss. Bak\u0131, 2017, 148 s.<\/li>\n<li>H\u0259s\u0259nova L.L. Az\u0259rbaycan \u0259halisi XX y\u00fczilliyin ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131nda (sovet siyah\u0131yaalmalar\u0131 \u0259sas\u0131nda). Bak\u0131: BDU, 2003, 302 s.<\/li>\n<li>\u0130zahl\u0131 statistika terminl\u0259ri l\u00fc\u011f\u0259ti \/ redaktor-\u0259laq\u0259l\u0259ndirici A.H.Mansurov. Bak\u0131: S\u0259da, 2010, 720 s.<\/li>\n<li>Quliyeva S.Z. Az\u0259rbaycanda miqrasiyan\u0131n s\u0259b\u0259b v\u0259 istiqam\u0259tl\u0259ri (XIX-XX \u0259srl\u0259r) \/\/ Bak\u0131 Universitetinin X\u0259b\u0259rl\u0259ri. Humanitar elml\u0259r seriyas\u0131. \u2116 2, 2010, s. 181-187.<\/li>\n<li>Q\u0259ribova E., R\u00fcst\u0259mova R. Az\u0259rbaycanda daxili miqrasiya v\u0259 urbanizasiyan\u0131n sosial aspektl\u0259ri. Analitik hesabat \/\/ \u201cAz\u0259rbaycan barometri\u201d, \u2116 2(6), Fevral 2020, 72 s.<\/li>\n<li>Q\u0259ribova E. Az\u0259rbaycanda urbanizasiya v\u0259 daxili miqrasiya prosesinin k\u0259si\u015fm\u0259sinin sosial v\u0259 demoqrafik m\u0259nz\u0259r\u0259si \/\/ \u201cSosial t\u0259dqiqatlar\u201d elmi-analitik jurnal, \u2116 1, 2021, s. 209-220.<\/li>\n<li>\u201cSovetl\u0259r d\u00f6n\u0259mind\u0259 miqrasiya problemi t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259li, yasaq m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259 say\u0131l\u0131b\u201d. H\u00fcquqi \u0130slahatlara Yard\u0131m M\u0259rk\u0259zinin r\u0259hb\u0259ri F\u0259t\u0259li Abdullayev: \u201cB\u0259\u015f\u0259r tarixi \u201cB\u00f6y\u00fck insan k\u00f6\u00e7\u00fc\u201d kimi tan\u0131nan hadis\u0259l\u0259rl\u0259 z\u0259ngindir\u201d \/\/ \u201c525-ci q\u0259zet\u201d, 15 aprel 2009, s. 6.<\/li>\n<li>Yaqubova N. Miqrasiya prosesl\u0259ri qloballa\u015fma \u015f\u0259raitind\u0259 \/\/ \u201cSivilizasiya\u201d jurnal\u0131, \u2116 1, 2014, s. 135-145.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>T\u00fcrk dilind\u0259:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol start=\"10\">\n<li>Abdulayev F.N. Modern d\u00f6nemde uluslararas\u0131 g\u00f6\u00e7 ve g\u00f6\u00e7 politikas\u0131. \u0130stanbul: Karmen Matbaac\u0131l\u0131k, 2015, 246 s.<\/li>\n<li>\u00c7a\u011flayan S. G\u00f6\u00e7 kuramlar\u0131, g\u00f6\u00e7 ve g\u00f6\u00e7men ili\u015fkisi \/\/ Mu\u011fla \u00dcniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc Dergisi (\u0130LKE). G\u00fcz 2006, Say\u0131 17, s. 67-91.<\/li>\n<li>Da\u011fa\u015fan E., Ayd\u0131n S. Ge\u00e7mi\u015ften g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze g\u00f6\u00e7 \/ edit\u00f6r O.K\u00f6se. Samsun: \u0130lkad\u0131m, 2017, 1456 s.<\/li>\n<li>Kolba\u015f\u0131 K.M. Ulus\u00f6tesi hayatlar: Hollandada ya\u015fayan t\u00fcrk vatanda\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n sosyal g\u00fcvenligi \/\/ T\u00fcrkiyat Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc Dergisi. TAED-72, 2021, s. 523-539.<\/li>\n<li>Yusifsoy A., \u00d6zs\u00fcer E. Azerbaycan\u2019da \u0130\u00e7 G\u00f6\u00e7e Maruz Kalm\u0131\u015f \u0130nsanlar\u0131n Geri D\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f Motivasyonunun De\u011ferlendirilmesi \/\/ VAKAN\u00dcV\u0130S \u2013 Uluslararas\u0131 Tarih Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 Dergisi. Y\u0131l 7, Say\u0131 1, Bahar 2022, s. 467-510.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0130ngilis dilind\u0259:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol start=\"15\">\n<li>Haas H. The Migration and Development Pendulum: A Critical View on Research and Policy \/\/ International Migration Vol. 50 (3) 2012, p. 8-25.<\/li>\n<li>Voloshyna Y. Theoretical and methodical bases of pendulum migrations and analysis of the sources of intra-regional flows of population movements (for example, transcarpathion region, Ukraine) \/\/ International Journal \u2013 VALLIS AUREA. Volume 1, \u2116 2. Croatia, December 2015, p. 21-31.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Rus dilind\u0259:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol start=\"17\">\n<li>\u0410\u043a\u0438\u0448\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u041c.\u041b., \u0424\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0448\u0442\u0438\u043b\u044c \u0410.\u0410. \u0424\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0431\u0430\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0440\u0435\u0441\u0443\u0440\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u0441\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0432 \u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u044f\u0445 \u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430 \u043c\u0430\u044f\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u043c\u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \/\/ \u0412\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043a \u0410\u043b\u0442\u0430\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0433\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0430\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u2116 11 (109), 2013, \u0441. 152-156.<\/li>\n<li>\u0411\u0443\u0433\u0430\u0435\u0432 \u041c.\u0410. \u041c\u0430\u044f\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u043c\u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u044b\u043d\u043a\u0435 \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u0430 \u0421\u0430\u043d\u043a\u0442-\u041f\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0431\u0443\u0440\u0433\u0430 \u0438 \u041b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u043d\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438 \/\/ \u0412\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043a \u0421\u0430\u043d\u043a\u0442-\u041f\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0431\u0443\u0440\u0433\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0423\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0430. \u0421\u0435\u0440. 5, \u0412\u044b\u043f. 4., 2015, \u0441. 86-116.<\/li>\n<li>\u0411\u0435\u0434\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u0415.\u0411., \u041a\u043e\u0437\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u041e.\u0410., \u0418\u0448\u0443\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u0410.\u0410. \u041c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u044b \u043e\u0446\u0435\u043d\u043a\u0438 \u043c\u0430\u044f\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u043c\u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \/\/ Ars Administrandi (\u0418\u0441\u043a\u0443\u0441\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f). 2018. \u0422\u043e\u043c 10, \u2116 4, \u0441. 631-648.<\/li>\n<li>\u0414\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0444\u0435\u0435\u0432\u0430 \u041b.\u0410., \u041a\u0430\u0441\u044c\u044f\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0415.\u0410. \u041c\u0430\u044f\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u044f \u043c\u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u041a\u0440\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u044f\u0440\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0433\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0430\u0433\u043b\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 (\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0415\u043c\u0435\u043b\u044c\u044f\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0439\u043e\u043d\u0430) \/\/ \u0418\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438\u044f \u0418\u0440\u043a\u0443\u0442\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0433\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0430. \u0421\u0435\u0440\u0438\u044f \u00ab\u041d\u0430\u0443\u043a\u0438 \u043e \u0417\u0435\u043c\u043b\u0435\u00bb. 2017. \u0422. 20, \u0441. 25-42.<\/li>\n<li>\u0414\u044c\u044f\u0447\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u041f.\u0410., \u041c\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0435\u043d\u043a\u043e \u041d.\u041b. \u0410\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437 \u043c\u0430\u044f\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u043c\u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0439 \u0432 \u0433\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0430\u0433\u043b\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438: \u0441\u043e\u0446\u0438\u043e-\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u044b \u0438 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \/\/ \u201c\u041c\u0438\u0440 \u044d\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0438 \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u201d, \u0422. 21, \u2116 4, 2021, c. 205-228.<\/li>\n<li>\u0417\u0430\u0431\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u041d.\u0413., \u0425\u0430\u0446\u043a\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0413.\u0410., \u041f\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0446 \u0422.\u0410. \u041c\u0430\u044f\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u044f \u043c\u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0435 \u0431\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0440\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0430\u0433\u043b\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0439 \/\/ \u0411\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0435\u0441. \u0418\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438. \u042d\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043a\u0430. \u2116 5, 2021, \u0441. 205-214.<\/li>\n<li>\u041a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0410.\u0414. \u041c\u0430\u044f\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u043c\u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0433\u0438\u044f \u0443\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0439\u0447\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0439\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0433\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0440\u0430\u0439\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0432 \u0433. \u0425\u0430\u0431\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0430 \/\/ \u201c\u0418\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u0438\u043d\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0438\u201d \u2116 1, 2022, \u0441. 186-195.<\/li>\n<li>\u041c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0446\u0435\u0432\u0430 \u0415.\u0421. \u0420\u0435\u0433\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0440\u044b\u043d\u043e\u043a \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u0430 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u043c\u0430\u044f\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u043c\u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \/\/ \u0412\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043a \u0427\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0446\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0433\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u2116 3, \u0422. 1, 2012, \u0441. 41-44.<\/li>\n<li>\u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0432 \u041d.\u0410. \u041c\u0430\u044f\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u044f \u043c\u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u0433\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0445 \u0420\u0421\u0424\u0421\u0420 \u043f\u043e \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0412\u0441\u0435\u0441\u043e\u044e\u0437\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f 1970 \u0433.: \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440\u044b, \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u0438, \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 \/\/ \u0412\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043a \u0422\u043e\u043c\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0433\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0430. \u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f, \u2116 80, 2022, \u0441. 56-65.<\/li>\n<li>\u0421\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0410.\u0410. \u041c\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0442\u0430\u0431\u044b \u043c\u0430\u044f\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u043c\u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0432 \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0445 \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0438 \/\/ \u201c\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u044b \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438\u044f \u0442\u0435\u0440\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438\u201d. \u0422. 27, \u2116 4, 2023, \u0441. 52-70.<\/li>\n<li>\u0428\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u042e.\u042e. \u041c\u0430\u044f\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u044f \u043c\u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u041c\u043e\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438: \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437 \/\/ \u042d\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0436\u0443\u0440\u043d\u0430\u043b \u0412\u0428\u042d, \u2116 1, 2006, \u0441. 63-79.<\/li>\n<li>\u0428\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u042e.\u042e. \u0412\u043b\u0438\u044f\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0440\u044b\u043d\u043a\u0430 \u0436\u0438\u043b\u044c\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u043c\u0430\u044f\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0443\u044e \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0443\u044e \u043c\u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044e \u0432 \u041c\u043e\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0430\u0433\u043b\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \/\/ \u042d\u041d\u0421\u0420 \u2116 4 (47) 2009, \u0441. 99-107.<\/li>\n<li>\u0428\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u042e.\u042e., \u0428\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u042e.\u0410. \u0410\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437 \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0433\u043e\u0441\u0440\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0444\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432, \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u043c\u0430\u044f\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0443\u044e \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0443\u044e \u043c\u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044e \u0432 \u041f\u043e\u0434\u043c\u043e\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0432\u044c\u0435 \/\/ \u201c\u0422\u0440\u0443\u0434 \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043d\u044f\u0442\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u201d, \u2116 4 (157), 2016, \u0441. 151-162.<\/li>\n<li>\u0428\u043a\u0430\u0440\u0435\u0442 \u0410.\u0410. \u0421\u043e\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0445\u043e\u0434 \u043a \u0438\u0437\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043c\u0430\u044f\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u043c\u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0433\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0411\u0435\u043b\u0433\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0440\u0430\u0439\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0432 \/\/ \u041d\u0430\u0443\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442. \u0422\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0438 \u0431\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0435\u0441\u0430 \u0438 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0430. \u0422.6, \u2116 3, 2020, c. 57-68.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Agil Ahmadov<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>THEORET\u0130CAL ASPECTS OF PENDULUM M\u0130GRAT\u0130ON<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><strong>Abstract<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Migration, as a sensitive and global phenomenon, plays a critical role in shaping the domestic and foreign policies of states and safeguarding their national security. This article explores the theoretical dimensions and practical significance of &#8220;pendulum migration,&#8221; a relatively understudied topic in the history of modern international relations. Drawing on the works of domestic and international scholars, the study provides an analysis of this specific migration pattern using empirical data.<\/p>\n<p>The research highlights the regular mobility of migrants between neighboring settlements, urban agglomerations, towns, and villages. It also examines regional and international experiences, emphasizing their relevance and socio-economic benefits. Special attention is given to the achievements of several highly developed Western European countries in managing pendulum migration.<\/p>\n<p>Additionally, the article identifies 12 other forms of migration, discussing their theoretical and scientific importance. The progressive experience of the Republic of Azerbaijan in migration policy is also briefly addressed, showcasing its contributions to this field.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Keywords: <\/strong>migration, history, regional, international, migration, state, social, policy<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0410\u0433\u0438\u043b\u044c \u0410\u0445\u043c\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0422\u0415\u041e\u0420\u0415\u0422\u0418\u0427\u0415\u0421\u041a\u0418\u0415 \u0410\u0421\u041f\u0415\u041a\u0422\u042b \u041c\u0410\u042f\u0422\u041d\u0418\u041a\u041e\u0412\u041e\u0419 \u041c\u0418\u0413\u0420\u0410\u0426\u0418\u0418 \u041d\u0410\u0421\u0415\u041b\u0415\u041d\u0418\u042f<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0420\u0435\u0437\u044e\u043c\u0435<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u041c\u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u044b\u043c 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href=\"https:\/\/socialresearchjournal.az\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/JURNAL-STM-2024-meqale-18.pdf\">Download\u00a0 \u00a0<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1291\" src=\"https:\/\/socialresearchjournal.az\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/pdfdown-212x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"38\" height=\"53\" srcset=\"https:\/\/socialresearchjournal.az\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/pdfdown-212x300.jpg 212w, https:\/\/socialresearchjournal.az\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/pdfdown.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 38px) 100vw, 38px\" \/><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Aqil \u018fHM\u018fDOV AMEA A.A.Bak\u0131xanov ad\u0131na Tarix \u0130nstitutunun Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n beyn\u0259lxalq \u0259laq\u0259l\u0259r tarixi \u015f\u00f6b\u0259sinin apar\u0131c\u0131 elmi i\u015f\u00e7isi, tarix \u00fczr\u0259 f\u0259ls\u0259f\u0259 doktoru, dosent (Bak\u0131, Az\u0259rbaycan) \u00a0 E-mail: agilahma@gmail.com ORC\u0130D: 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D\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259rin daxili v\u0259 xarici siyas\u0259tind\u0259, milli t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259sizliyinin qorunmas\u0131nda miqrasiya kimi h\u0259ssas v\u0259 qlobal prosesl\u0259r m\u00fch\u00fcm rol oynay\u0131r. Bu bax\u0131mdan, m\u0259qal\u0259 m\u00fcasir beyn\u0259lxalq m\u00fcnasib\u0259tl\u0259r tarixind\u0259 z\u0259if \u00f6yr\u0259nil\u0259n, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1062,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1107","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cild-1--1"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/socialresearchjournal.az\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1107","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/socialresearchjournal.az\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/socialresearchjournal.az\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/socialresearchjournal.az\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/socialresearchjournal.az\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1107"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/socialresearchjournal.az\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1107\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1333,"href":"https:\/\/socialresearchjournal.az\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1107\/revisions\/1333"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/socialresearchjournal.az\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1062"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/socialresearchjournal.az\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1107"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/socialresearchjournal.az\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1107"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/socialresearchjournal.az\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1107"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}