Sosial T\u0259dqiqatlar M\u0259rk\u0259zinin sektor m\u00fcdiri, Bak\u0131 D\u00f6vl\u0259t <\/em>Universitetinin Sosiologiya kafedras\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fc\u0259llimi<\/em><\/p>\n (Bak\u0131, Az\u0259rbaycan)<\/em><\/p>\n \u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n E-mail: ilyasdiplomat@gmail.com<\/em><\/p>\n ORCID: 0000-0002-1061-7990<\/em><\/p>\n \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n X\u00fclas\u0259.<\/strong> M\u0259qal\u0259d\u0259 beyn\u0259lxalq n\u0259qliyyat d\u0259hlizl\u0259ri kontekstind\u0259 Z\u0259ng\u0259zur d\u0259hlizinin \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tin\u0259 n\u0259z\u0259r sal\u0131n\u0131r. Qeyd edilir ki, m\u00fcasir d\u00f6vrd\u0259 beyn\u0259lxalq n\u0259qliyyat d\u0259hlizl\u0259rinin \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259ti daha da art\u0131b v\u0259 qlobal g\u00fcc m\u0259rk\u0259zl\u0259ri n\u0259qliyyat ax\u0131nlar\u0131na n\u0259zar\u0259ti \u0259lind\u0259 saxlama\u011fa \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rlar. V\u0259t\u0259n m\u00fcharib\u0259sind\u0259n v\u0259 lokal xarakterli antiterror t\u0259dbirl\u0259rind\u0259n sonra \u0259razi b\u00fct\u00f6vl\u00fcy\u00fcn\u00fc v\u0259 suverenliyini t\u0259min ed\u0259n Az\u0259rbaycan \u00f6z geostrateji imkanlar\u0131ndan istifad\u0259 ed\u0259r\u0259k C\u0259nubi Qafqaz v\u0259 M\u0259rk\u0259zi Asiya b\u00f6lg\u0259si aras\u0131nda \u0259m\u0259kda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 t\u0259\u015fviq edir v\u0259 n\u0259qliyyat-kommunikasiya ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131 m\u00fcst\u0259visind\u0259 \u0259laq\u0259l\u0259rin b\u00f6y\u00fck potensial\u0131ndan yararlanma\u011fa \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Bununla yana\u015f\u0131, \u015e\u0259rq v\u0259 Q\u0259rb aras\u0131nda enerji v\u0259 n\u0259qliyyat sah\u0259sind\u0259 \u0259m\u0259kda\u015fl\u0131q b\u00f6y\u00fck co\u011frafiyada s\u00fclh\u00fcn, t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259sizliyin, sabitliyin v\u0259 dayan\u0131ql\u0131 inki\u015faf\u0131n formala\u015fmas\u0131na xidm\u0259t ed\u0259c\u0259kdir. V\u0259t\u0259n m\u00fcharib\u0259sind\u0259n sonra C\u0259nubi Qafqazda inki\u015faf v\u0259 t\u0259r\u0259qqi \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn yax\u015f\u0131 imkanlar meydana g\u0259lib v\u0259 \u201c3+3\u201d format\u0131nda t\u0259maslar regional m\u00fcst\u0259vid\u0259 m\u0259sl\u0259h\u0259tl\u0259\u015fm\u0259l\u0259ri ehtiva edir. Bu x\u00fcsusda Z\u0259ng\u0259zur d\u0259hlizinin a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 C\u0259nubi Qafqaz\u0131n t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259sizlik arxitekturas\u0131n\u0131 daha da m\u00f6hk\u0259ml\u0259ndir\u0259c\u0259kdir. M\u0259qal\u0259d\u0259 m\u00fc\u0259llif Rusiya-Ukrayna m\u00fcharib\u0259si n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 Rusiyaya qar\u015f\u0131 t\u0259tbiq olunan sanksiya v\u0259 m\u0259hdudiyy\u0259tl\u0259rin v\u0259 Yax\u0131n \u015e\u0259rqd\u0259 geni\u015f co\u011frafiyan\u0131 \u0259hat\u0259 ed\u0259n m\u00fcharib\u0259l\u0259r, ticar\u0259t g\u0259mil\u0259rin\u0259 davaml\u0131 h\u00fccumlar n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 t\u0259dar\u00fck z\u0259ncirinin q\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 v\u0259 logistikada yaranan gecikm\u0259l\u0259rin Orta D\u0259hlizin v\u0259 Z\u0259ng\u0259zur d\u0259hlizinin \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tin\u0259 nec\u0259 t\u0259sir etdiyini n\u00fcmun\u0259l\u0259r v\u0259 faktlarla izah edir.<\/p>\n A\u00e7ar s\u00f6zl\u0259r: <\/strong>n\u0259qliyyat d\u0259hlizl\u0259ri, Z\u0259ng\u0259zur d\u0259hlizi, \u015e\u0259rq-Q\u0259rb n\u0259qliyyat ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131, n\u0259qliyyat-kommunikasiya \u0259laq\u0259l\u0259ri, n\u0259qliyyat arteriyalar\u0131, Nax\u00e7\u0131van Muxtar Respublikas\u0131, \u0130ran, Erm\u0259nistan, T\u00fcrkiy\u0259, Orta D\u0259hliz, \u00c7in, \u201cBir k\u0259m\u0259r bir yol\u201d t\u0259\u015f\u0259bb\u00fcs\u00fc<\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n Giri\u015f<\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n m\u0259qs\u0259dy\u00f6nl\u00fc siyas\u0259tinin t\u0259rkib hiss\u0259si kimi h\u0259m daxili n\u0259qliyyat infrastrukturunun inki\u015faf\u0131, h\u0259m d\u0259 \u00f6lk\u0259nin Avrasiyan\u0131n n\u0259qliyyat qov\u015fa\u011f\u0131na \u00e7evirilm\u0259si istiqam\u0259tind\u0259 m\u00fcvafiq add\u0131mlar at\u0131l\u0131r. \u00d6lk\u0259d\u0259 beyn\u0259lxalq n\u0259qliyyat d\u0259hlizl\u0259ri \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 yerl\u0259\u015f\u0259n magistral avtomobil yollar\u0131 birinci texniki d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259 s\u0259viyy\u0259sind\u0259 yenid\u0259n qurulur. Eyni zamanda, d\u0259mir yolunda daimi c\u0259r\u0259yandan d\u0259yi\u015f\u0259n c\u0259r\u0259yana ke\u00e7idin t\u0259min edilm\u0259si, infrastrukturun \u0259sasl\u0131 \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 yenid\u0259n qurulmas\u0131, h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259t t\u0259rkibinin yenil\u0259nm\u0259si, idar\u0259etm\u0259 sisteml\u0259rinin t\u0259kmill\u0259\u015fdirilm\u0259si i\u015fl\u0259ri davam etdirilir.<\/p>\n Prezident \u0130lham \u018fliyevin r\u0259hb\u0259rliyi il\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan Silahl\u0131 Q\u00fcvv\u0259l\u0259ri \u0259razi b\u00fct\u00f6vl\u00fcy\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fc b\u0259rpa etdikd\u0259n d\u0259rhal sonra i\u015f\u011faldan azad edilmi\u015f \u0259razil\u0259rd\u0259 bir s\u0131ra m\u00fch\u00fcm infrastruktur layih\u0259l\u0259rinin icras\u0131na ba\u015flan\u0131lm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Bel\u0259 layih\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259n biri Horadiz-A\u011fb\u0259nd d\u0259mir yolu x\u0259ttinin yenid\u0259n qurulmas\u0131d\u0131r. S\u00f6z\u00fcged\u0259n d\u0259mir yolu x\u0259tti \u00f6lk\u0259miz \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn h\u0259m strateji, h\u0259m d\u0259 ciddi iqtisadi \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259t\u0259 malik olmaqla yana\u015f\u0131 Z\u0259ng\u0259zur d\u0259hlizinin \u0259sas elementl\u0259rind\u0259n biri olacaq.<\/p>\n Regionda kommunikasiyalar\u0131n, yollar\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131, eyni zamanda, yeni n\u0259qliyyat-kommunikasiya infrastrukturunun yarad\u0131lmas\u0131 Az\u0259rbaycan d\u00f6vl\u0259tinin strateji prioritetl\u0259ri s\u0131ras\u0131ndad\u0131r. 2021-ci ilin fevral\u0131n 14-d\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan Respublikas\u0131n\u0131n Prezidenti \u0130lham \u018fliyev Horadiz-A\u011fb\u0259nd d\u0259mir yolu x\u0259ttinin t\u0259m\u0259lini qoymu\u015fdur. Qeyd ed\u0259k ki, uzunlu\u011fu 100 kilometr olan bu d\u0259mir yolu x\u0259ttinin strateji \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259ti olduqca b\u00f6y\u00fckd\u00fcr. \u00c7\u00fcnki bu n\u0259qliyyat infrastrukturu Az\u0259rbaycan v\u0259t\u0259nda\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n azad olunmu\u015f torpaqlara gedi\u015f-g\u0259li\u015finin t\u0259minat\u0131nda \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tli rol oynayacaq v\u0259 \u0259n m\u00fch\u00fcm m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n \u0259sas hiss\u0259si il\u0259 Nax\u00e7\u0131van Muxtar Respublikas\u0131 aras\u0131nda birba\u015fa d\u0259mir yolu n\u0259qliyyat \u0259laq\u0259sinin yaranmas\u0131na b\u00f6y\u00fck t\u00f6hf\u0259 ver\u0259c\u0259k. D\u00f6vl\u0259t ba\u015f\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 \u00f6z \u00e7\u0131x\u0131\u015f\u0131nda bildirmi\u015fdir ki, uzun fasil\u0259d\u0259n sonra Az\u0259rbaycan v\u0259 onun ayr\u0131lmaz hiss\u0259si olan Nax\u00e7\u0131van Muxtar Respublikas\u0131 d\u0259mir yolu il\u0259 bir-birin\u0259 ba\u011flanacaq v\u0259 bel\u0259likl\u0259, bizim h\u0259m strateji, h\u0259m iqtisadi, h\u0259m d\u0259 siyasi m\u0259qs\u0259dl\u0259rimiz h\u0259yata ke\u00e7iril\u0259c\u0259k. \u201cB\u00f6lg\u0259mizin uzunm\u00fcdd\u0259tli inki\u015faf\u0131, sabitliyin t\u0259min edilm\u0259si v\u0259 m\u00fcharib\u0259 riskl\u0259rinin s\u0131f\u0131ra endirilm\u0259si \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn b\u00f6lg\u0259d\u0259 n\u0259qliyyat layih\u0259l\u0259rinin x\u00fcsusi rolu vard\u0131r v\u0259 burada i\u015ftirak ed\u0259n b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259r ancaq xeyir g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u0259c\u0259k, fayda g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u0259c\u0259k. Az\u0259rbaycan Nax\u00e7\u0131vanla, T\u00fcrkiy\u0259 il\u0259 birl\u0259\u015fir. Eyni zamanda, Rusiyadan Erm\u0259nistana d\u0259mir yolu x\u0259tti a\u00e7\u0131la bil\u0259r. Bu x\u0259tt yaln\u0131z Az\u0259rbaycan \u0259razisind\u0259n ke\u00e7\u0259 bil\u0259r. H\u0259m\u00e7inin Rusiya il\u0259 \u0130ran aras\u0131nda Nax\u00e7\u0131van \u0259razisi il\u0259 d\u0259mir yolu ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131 olacaq\u201d [21]. Layih\u0259 n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 \u0130ran il\u0259 Erm\u0259nistan v\u0259 T\u00fcrkiy\u0259 il\u0259 Rusiya aras\u0131nda d\u0259mir yolu ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131 olacaq. \u018fsas m\u0259qs\u0259d b\u00fct\u00fcn b\u00f6lg\u0259 \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rinin yeni formala\u015facaq n\u0259qliyyat \u0259laq\u0259sind\u0259n xeyir g\u00f6t\u00fcrm\u0259sidir.<\/p>\n Horadiz-A\u011fb\u0259nd d\u0259mir yolu x\u0259tti 1993-c\u00fc ild\u0259 Erm\u0259nistan silahl\u0131 birl\u0259\u015fm\u0259l\u0259ri t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n torpaqlar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n i\u015f\u011fal edilm\u0259sind\u0259n sonra da\u011f\u0131d\u0131lm\u0131\u015f v\u0259 f\u0259aliyy\u0259tini dayand\u0131rm\u0131\u015fd\u0131. 27 ildir ki, qatarlar\u0131n son dayanaca\u011f\u0131 F\u00fczuli rayonunun Horadiz stansiyas\u0131d\u0131r. Lakin d\u00fc\u015fm\u0259n \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 qazand\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z q\u0259l\u0259b\u0259 il\u0259 bu yol da ayd\u0131nl\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131x\u0131r.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n Haz\u0131rda d\u00fcnyada ged\u0259n m\u00fch\u00fcm prosesl\u0259r, geosiyasi d\u0259yi\u015fiklikl\u0259r y\u00fckda\u015f\u0131malar\u0131n, logistik ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131n v\u0259 n\u0259qliyyat d\u0259hlizl\u0259rinin \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tini b\u00fcruz\u0259 verir. Beyn\u0259lxalq \u0259m\u0259kda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n inki\u015faf\u0131 v\u0259 s\u0259naye \u0259m\u0259kda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n d\u0259rinl\u0259\u015fm\u0259si \u015f\u0259raitind\u0259 beyn\u0259lxalq n\u0259qliyyat d\u0259hlizl\u0259ri \u015f\u0259b\u0259k\u0259sinin formala\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 m\u0259rk\u0259zi rol oynay\u0131r. D\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259raras\u0131 n\u0259qliyyat-iqtisadi, m\u0259d\u0259ni v\u0259 dig\u0259r \u0259laq\u0259l\u0259rin geni\u015fl\u0259ndirilm\u0259si, vahid texniki parametrl\u0259r\u0259 malik v\u0259 milli n\u0259qliyyat sisteml\u0259rinin d\u00fcnya n\u0259qliyyat sistemin\u0259 inteqrasiyas\u0131n\u0131n \u0259sas\u0131 kimi vahid n\u0259qliyyat texnologiyas\u0131n\u0131n t\u0259tbiqini t\u0259min ed\u0259n beyn\u0259lxalq n\u0259qliyyat infrastrukturunun yarad\u0131lmas\u0131 il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 n\u0259qliyyat probleml\u0259rinin h\u0259llind\u0259 onlara x\u00fcsusi yer verilir.<\/p>\n Haz\u0131rda getdikc\u0259 ayd\u0131nla\u015f\u0131r ki, n\u0259qliyyat v\u0259 logistika geosiyas\u0259ti d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259rin siyasi doktrinas\u0131n\u0131n geosiyas\u0259t v\u0259 geoiqtisadiyyat kimi m\u00fch\u00fcm t\u0259rkib hiss\u0259sidir. Logistika, b\u0259lk\u0259 d\u0259, m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n iqtisadi v\u0259 siyasi q\u0259rarlar\u0131n q\u0259bul edilm\u0259sinin iqtisadi m\u0259qs\u0259d\u0259uy\u011funlu\u011funda \u0259sas amildir v\u0259 beyn\u0259lxalq n\u0259qliyyat d\u0259hlizl\u0259ri inteqrasiyan\u0131n inki\u015faf\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn m\u00fch\u00fcm h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259tverici q\u00fcvv\u0259y\u0259 \u00e7evrilir [31].<\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n Yeni \u0259m\u0259kda\u015fl\u0131q konfiqurasiyas\u0131n\u0131n yarad\u0131lmas\u0131 v\u0259 onun funksionall\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n t\u0259min edilm\u0259si C\u0259nubi Qafqazda sabitliyin m\u00fch\u00fcm \u015f\u0259rtl\u0259rind\u0259n biridir. Az\u0259rbaycan da m\u0259hz bu m\u00f6vqed\u0259n \u00e7\u0131x\u0131\u015f edir. Perspektivd\u0259 s\u00f6z\u00fcged\u0259n d\u0259mir yolu infrastrukturu Nax\u00e7\u0131vandan ke\u00e7m\u0259kl\u0259 T\u00fcrkiy\u0259y\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r uzanacaq v\u0259 bel\u0259likl\u0259, Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131 T\u00fcrkiy\u0259 il\u0259 birl\u0259\u015fdir\u0259n ikinci d\u0259mir yolu \u015f\u0259b\u0259k\u0259si yarad\u0131lacaq. Xat\u0131rladaq ki, bundan \u0259vv\u0259l Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n moderatorlu\u011fu il\u0259 in\u015fa olunan Bak\u0131-Tbilisi-Qars (BTQ) d\u0259mir yolu istismara verilib. BTQ-nin in\u015fas\u0131 il\u0259 tarixd\u0259 ilk d\u0259f\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan v\u0259 T\u00fcrkiy\u0259 d\u0259mir yolu x\u0259tti il\u0259 birl\u0259\u015fdi. Bel\u0259likl\u0259, Bak\u0131-Tbilisi-Qars d\u0259mir yolundan sonra b\u00f6lg\u0259d\u0259 ikinci d\u0259mir yolunun \u00e7\u0259kilm\u0259si \u00e7ox m\u00fch\u00fcm strateji \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259t\u0259 malikdir. D\u00f6vl\u0259t ba\u015f\u00e7\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n vur\u011fulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 kimi Bak\u0131-Tbilisi-Qars d\u0259mir yolunun istismara verilm\u0259si tarixi nailiyy\u0259t idi. \u201c\u0130ndi is\u0259 ikinci d\u0259mir yolu \u00e7\u0259kil\u0259c\u0259k v\u0259 eyni zamanda, bu yoldan b\u00fct\u00fcn b\u00f6lg\u0259 \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259ri istifad\u0259 ed\u0259 bil\u0259rl\u0259r. B\u00f6lg\u0259 \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259ri bu yolun tikintisin\u0259 d\u0259 b\u00f6y\u00fck maraqla yana\u015f\u0131rlar. Dem\u0259k olar ki, bizim b\u00f6lg\u0259mizd\u0259 yerl\u0259\u015f\u0259n \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259r bu layih\u0259y\u0259 \u00f6z m\u00fcsb\u0259t qiym\u0259tini vermi\u015fl\u0259r\u201d.<\/p>\n B\u00f6lg\u0259 \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259ri n\u0259qliyyat \u0259laq\u0259sinin b\u0259rpas\u0131na, avtomobil v\u0259 d\u0259mir yolunun tikintisin\u0259 d\u0259 b\u00f6y\u00fck maraqla yana\u015f\u0131rlar. Yeni geosiyasi konfiqurasiyada Nax\u00e7\u0131van Muxtar Respublikas\u0131n\u0131n b\u00f6lg\u0259 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn siyasi, iqtisadi v\u0259 t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259sizlik n\u00f6qteyi-n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259n \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259ti bir q\u0259d\u0259r d\u0259 art\u0131r. B\u0259zi yerli v\u0259 xarici ekspertl\u0259r Nax\u00e7\u0131van Muxtar Respublikas\u0131n\u0131n n\u0259qliyyat qov\u015fa\u011f\u0131na \u00e7evril\u0259c\u0259yi il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 m\u00fcxt\u0259lif proqnozlar verirl\u0259r.<\/p>\n Onu da \u0259lav\u0259 ed\u0259k ki, 2023-c\u00fc ilin sentyabr\u0131n 25-d\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan v\u0259 T\u00fcrkiy\u0259 prezidentl\u0259rinin Nax\u00e7\u0131vanda ke\u00e7iril\u0259n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc strateji \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tli m\u00f6vzular aras\u0131nda Z\u0259ng\u0259zur d\u0259hlizinin a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259sini d\u0259 ictimai g\u00fcnd\u0259m\u0259 g\u0259tirib. G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fd\u0259n sonra prezidentl\u0259r m\u0259tbuata birg\u0259 b\u0259yanatla \u00e7\u0131x\u0131\u015f edibl\u0259r. Prezident \u0130lham \u018fliyev bildirib ki, \u201cAz\u0259rbaycan\u0131 Nax\u00e7\u0131van v\u0259 T\u00fcrkiy\u0259 il\u0259 birl\u0259\u015fdir\u0259n d\u0259mir yolunun in\u015fas\u0131 da u\u011furla gedir. Az\u0259rbaycan \u0259razisind\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259r b\u00f6y\u00fck ehtimalla 2024-c\u00fc ilin sonunda ba\u015fa \u00e7atmal\u0131d\u0131r\u201d.<\/p>\n H\u0259m\u00e7inin Prezident Nax\u00e7\u0131van\u0131n tarixi \u0259dal\u0259tsizlik n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 blokaya d\u00fc\u015fm\u0259sinin s\u0259b\u0259bl\u0259rini vur\u011fulay\u0131b: \u201c\u018ffsuslar olsun ki, 1920-ci ild\u0259 sovet hakimiyy\u0259ti t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n Q\u0259rbi Z\u0259ng\u0259zur Az\u0259rbaycandan ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r v\u0259 bel\u0259likl\u0259, Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n \u0259sas hiss\u0259si il\u0259 Nax\u00e7\u0131van aras\u0131nda co\u011frafi ba\u011flant\u0131 k\u0259silmi\u015fdir. Erm\u0259nistan Az\u0259rbaycana qar\u015f\u0131 i\u015f\u011fal\u00e7\u0131l\u0131q siyas\u0259tini aparma\u011fa ba\u015flayanda Nax\u00e7\u0131vana qar\u015f\u0131 da onlar\u0131n \u0259razi iddialar\u0131 var idi. Burada da \u015fidd\u0259tli d\u00f6y\u00fc\u015fl\u0259r gedirdi v\u0259 m\u0259hz o vaxt Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n b\u00f6y\u00fck o\u011flu Heyd\u0259r \u018fliyevin r\u0259hb\u0259rliyi il\u0259, – o zaman o, Nax\u00e7\u0131van\u0131n ba\u015f\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 idi, – Nax\u00e7\u0131van d\u00fc\u015fm\u0259ni yerin\u0259 oturtdu v\u0259 \u00f6z \u0259razisini qoruya bildi\u201d.<\/p>\n Prezident R.T.\u018frdo\u011fan da Nax\u00e7\u0131van\u0131n tarix\u0259n strateji \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259ti il\u0259 iki \u00f6lk\u0259 aras\u0131nda x\u00fcsusi yer\u0259 sahib oldu\u011funu vur\u011fulam\u0131\u015fd\u0131r: \u201cNax\u00e7\u0131van bu g\u00fcn d\u0259 iqtisadiyyat, n\u0259qliyyat v\u0259 enerji x\u0259tl\u0259ri bax\u0131m\u0131ndan b\u00f6y\u00fck potensiala malikdir. Regional n\u0259qliyyat x\u0259tl\u0259rinin yarad\u0131lmas\u0131 il\u0259 birlikd\u0259 bu potensial\u0131 tam m\u0259nas\u0131nda h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irm\u0259k imkan\u0131na sahib olaca\u011f\u0131q\u201d [10].<\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u018fvv\u0259lc\u0259 \u00f6lk\u0259mizin n\u0259qliyyat-kommunikasiya potensial\u0131n\u0131n geni\u015fl\u0259ndirilm\u0259si v\u0259 g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f i\u015fl\u0259r\u0259 q\u0131saca n\u0259z\u0259r salaq. 1998-ci ild\u0259 Bak\u0131 \u015f\u0259h\u0259rind\u0259 q\u0259dim ticar\u0259t mar\u015frutunu yenid\u0259n b\u0259rpa etm\u0259k v\u0259 c\u0259lb olunan \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259r il\u0259 g\u0259l\u0259c\u0259k \u0259m\u0259kda\u015fl\u0131q imkanlar\u0131n\u0131n \u0259saslar\u0131n\u0131 qoymaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u201cQ\u0259dim \u0130p\u0259k Yolu\u201d adl\u0131 beyn\u0259lxalq kon-frans ke\u00e7irilmi\u015fdir. Q\u0259dim \u0130p\u0259k Yolundan istifad\u0259 ed\u0259n tacirl\u0259rin Avropa il\u0259 Asiya aras\u0131nda s\u0259yah\u0259ti aylar v\u0259 b\u0259z\u0259n ill\u0259r boyu davam edirdi v\u0259 M\u0259rk\u0259zi Avrasiya m\u0259rk\u0259zl\u0259ri kritik regional logistika v\u0259 paylama m\u0259rk\u0259zl\u0259ri rolunu oynay\u0131rd\u0131. \u00dcmummilli lider Heyd\u0259r \u018fliyevin t\u0259\u015f\u0259bb\u00fcs\u00fc il\u0259 1998-ci il sentyabr\u0131n 7-8-d\u0259 Bak\u0131 \u015f\u0259h\u0259rind\u0259 9 \u00f6lk\u0259nin (Az\u0259rbaycan, T\u00fcrkiy\u0259, G\u00fcrc\u00fcstan, Ukrayna, Moldova, Rum\u0131niya, Bolqar\u0131stan, \u00d6zb\u0259kistan, Q\u0131r\u011f\u0131z\u0131stan) d\u00f6vl\u0259t ba\u015f\u00e7\u0131s\u0131, 13 beyn\u0259lxalq t\u0259\u015fkilat\u0131n v\u0259 32 d\u00f6vl\u0259tin n\u00fcmay\u0259nd\u0259 hey\u0259tinin i\u015ftirak\u0131 il\u0259 tarixi \u0130p\u0259k Yolunun b\u0259rpas\u0131na h\u0259sr olunmu\u015f beyn\u0259lxalq konfrans ke\u00e7irilmi\u015fdir. Bu konfrans\u0131n yekununda Avropa \u0130ttifaq\u0131n\u0131n TRASEKA proqram\u0131 \u0259sas\u0131nda \u201cAvropa\u2212Qafqaz\u2212Asiya d\u0259hlizinin inki\u015faf\u0131 \u00fczr\u0259 beyn\u0259lxalq n\u0259qliyyat haqq\u0131nda \u018fsas \u00c7oxt\u0259r\u0259fli Sazi\u015f\u201d imzaland\u0131 v\u0259 Bak\u0131 B\u0259yannam\u0259si q\u0259bul edildi.<\/p>\n \u018fsas \u00c7oxt\u0259r\u0259fli Sazi\u015fin m\u00fcdd\u0259alar\u0131na uy\u011fun olaraq, TRASEKA H\u00f6kum\u0259tl\u0259raras\u0131 Komissiyas\u0131n\u0131n Daimi Katibliyinin Bak\u0131 \u015f\u0259h\u0259rind\u0259 yerl\u0259\u015fdirilm\u0259si q\u0259rara al\u0131nd\u0131 v\u0259 2001-ci il fevral\u0131n 21-d\u0259 r\u0259smi a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131 oldu. Bel\u0259likl\u0259, Az\u0259rbaycan tarixi \u0130p\u0259k Yolunun b\u0259rpa edilm\u0259sin\u0259 \u00f6z t\u00f6hf\u0259sini verm\u0259kl\u0259, \u0259sas inki\u015faf trayektoriyas\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259nl\u0259\u015fdirilm\u0259sind\u0259 m\u00fch\u00fcm rol oynad\u0131.<\/p>\n Dig\u0259r t\u0259r\u0259fd\u0259n, Az\u0259rbaycan \u00c7inin t\u0259\u015f\u0259bb\u00fcs\u00fc il\u0259 ger\u00e7\u0259kl\u0259\u015f\u0259n \u201c\u0130p\u0259k Yolu \u0130qtisadi K\u0259m\u0259ri\u201d layih\u0259sinin i\u015ftirak\u00e7\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r. 2015-ci ilin dekabr\u0131nda Prezident \u0130lham \u018fliyevin \u00c7in\u0259 d\u00f6vl\u0259t s\u0259f\u0259ri \u00e7\u0259r\u00e7iv\u0259sind\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan Respublikas\u0131 H\u00f6kum\u0259ti il\u0259 \u00c7in Xalq Respublikas\u0131 H\u00f6kum\u0259ti aras\u0131nda \u201c\u0130p\u0259k Yolu \u0130qtisadi K\u0259m\u0259ri\u201dnin yarad\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n birg\u0259 t\u0259\u015fviqi haqq\u0131nda Anla\u015fma Memorandumu\u201d imzaland\u0131 [2].<\/p>\n Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n Ba\u015f naziri \u018fli \u018fs\u0259dov 2023-c\u00fc ilin oktyabr\u0131n 26-da ba\u015f tutan 4-c\u00fc Tbilisi \u0130p\u0259k Yolu Forumunun a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u015f m\u0259rasimind\u0259ki \u00e7\u0131x\u0131\u015f\u0131nda Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n geni\u015f n\u0259qliyyat imkanlar\u0131, h\u0259m\u00e7inin \u00f6lk\u0259mizin B\u00f6y\u00fck \u0130p\u0259k Yolunun b\u0259rpa edilm\u0259si konsepsiyas\u0131n\u0131n realla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131nda lap \u0259vv\u0259ld\u0259n t\u0259r\u0259fda\u015f d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259rl\u0259 birlikd\u0259 y\u00fcks\u0259k f\u0259all\u0131q n\u00fcmayi\u015f etdirdiyini diqq\u0259t\u0259 \u00e7atd\u0131r\u0131b. Ba\u015f nazir vur\u011fulay\u0131b ki, Az\u0259rbaycan v\u0259 G\u00fcrc\u00fcstan tarix\u0259n Avropa il\u0259 Asiya aras\u0131nda iqtisadi-ticari \u0259laq\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 oynad\u0131qlar\u0131 k\u00f6rp\u00fc rolunu bu g\u00fcn d\u0259 davam etdirm\u0259kd\u0259dir [11].<\/p>\n <\/p>\n 4.\u00c7in il\u0259 A\u0130 aras\u0131nda iqtisadi d\u00f6vriyy\u0259<\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u00c7in v\u0259 A\u0130 \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259ri aras\u0131nda qlobal ticar\u0259tin h\u0259cmi son 5 ild\u0259 sabit art\u0131m n\u00fcmayi\u015f etdirib. Bel\u0259 ki, 2016-c\u0131 ild\u0259ki 441,5 milyard avrodan bu r\u0259q\u0259m 2020-ci ild\u0259 t\u0259xmin\u0259n 23% artaraq 586 milyard avroya \u00e7at\u0131b. Eyni zamanda, ticar\u0259tin strukturunda y\u00fcks\u0259k \u0259lav\u0259 d\u0259y\u0259r\u0259 malik s\u0259naye mallar\u0131 \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck t\u0259\u015fkil edir v\u0259 dem\u0259k olar ki, 97%-ni t\u0259\u015fkil edir.<\/p>\n D\u00fcnya ticar\u0259tind\u0259 \u00c7in v\u0259 A\u0130 \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rinin \u00fcmumi bazar pay\u0131 t\u0259qrib\u0259n 31%-dir. \u00c7in v\u0259 A\u0130 \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259ri aras\u0131nda y\u00fckda\u015f\u0131malar\u0131n\u0131n h\u0259cminin dinamikas\u0131nda da art\u0131m hiss olunur. 2016-c\u0131 ild\u0259ki 108,6 milyon tondan 2020-ci ild\u0259 116,9 milyon tona q\u0259d\u0259r art\u0131m (+7%) c\u00fczi d\u0259 olsa \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tli hesab oluna bil\u0259r [32].<\/p>\n Konteyner da\u015f\u0131malar\u0131 bax\u0131m\u0131ndan A\u0130 \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259ri v\u0259 \u00c7inin g\u00f6st\u0259ricil\u0259ri y\u00fckl\u0259rin konteynerl\u0259\u015fdirilm\u0259sinin artmas\u0131 istiqam\u0259tind\u0259 qlobal tendensiyan\u0131 \u0259ks etdirir. B\u0259zi qiym\u0259tl\u0259ndirm\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259, A\u0130 \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 konteynerl\u0259\u015fm\u0259 s\u0259viyy\u0259si \u00c7ini (5-10%) \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tli d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259d\u0259 \u00fcst\u0259l\u0259yir v\u0259 20-41%-\u0259 \u00e7at\u0131r. Bel\u0259likl\u0259, 2019-cu ilin sonunda konteyner da\u015f\u0131malar\u0131n\u0131n h\u0259cmi A\u0130-d\u0259 2016-c\u0131 ild\u0259n 2019-cu il\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r orta illik art\u0131mla 4% olmaqla 115,3 milyon TEU, \u00c7ind\u0259 is\u0259 242 milyon TEU (ild\u0259 +7%) t\u0259\u015fkil edib.<\/p>\n A\u0130 \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 v\u0259 \u00c7ind\u0259 konteynerl\u0259\u015fm\u0259 s\u0259viyy\u0259sinin \u00fcmumi art\u0131m\u0131 \u0259vv\u0259ll\u0259r hava v\u0259 d\u0259niz yolu il\u0259 g\u00f6nd\u0259ril\u0259n y\u00fckl\u0259rin d\u0259mir yolu il\u0259 da\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131na ke\u00e7idl\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Bu, koronavirus pandemiyas\u0131 s\u0259b\u0259bind\u0259n s\u0259rh\u0259dl\u0259rini ba\u011flayan ilk \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259n biri olan \u00c7in il\u0259 hava n\u0259qliyyat\u0131n\u0131n dayand\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, habel\u0259 d\u0259niz n\u0259qliyyat\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn daha y\u00fcks\u0259k qiym\u0259tl\u0259r v\u0259 daha uzun \u00e7atd\u0131r\u0131lma m\u00fcdd\u0259tl\u0259ri s\u0259b\u0259bind\u0259n ba\u015f verdi. N\u0259tic\u0259d\u0259, b\u00f6hran \u015f\u0259raitind\u0259 d\u0259mir yolu n\u0259qliyyat\u0131 dig\u0259r n\u0259qliyyat n\u00f6vl\u0259rin\u0259 nisb\u0259t\u0259n daha ucuz v\u0259 s\u00fcr\u0259tli alternativ\u0259 \u00e7evrildi.<\/p>\n Qlobal b\u00f6hrandan sonra d\u00fcnya iqtisadiyyat\u0131n\u0131n yenid\u0259n qurulmas\u0131, Avropa \u0130ttifaq\u0131n\u0131n vahid n\u0259qliyyat m\u0259kan\u0131n\u0131n yeni m\u0259rh\u0259l\u0259sin\u0259 ke\u00e7m\u0259si d\u0259mir yolu n\u0259qliyyat\u0131na t\u0259l\u0259bat\u0131n strukturuna v\u0259 h\u0259cmin\u0259, el\u0259c\u0259 d\u0259 b\u00fct\u00fcn n\u0259qliyyat bazar\u0131n\u0131n i\u015fin\u0259 \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tli d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259d\u0259 t\u0259sir etdi.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n Beyn\u0259lxalq n\u0259qliyyat d\u0259hlizl\u0259ri (BNQ) s\u0259rni\u015finl\u0259rin v\u0259 y\u00fckl\u0259rin, o c\u00fcml\u0259d\u0259n hava, d\u0259niz, d\u0259mir yolu v\u0259 avtomobil kommunikasiyalar\u0131n\u0131n da\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn multimodal mar\u015frutlard\u0131r. N\u0259qliyyat d\u0259hlizl\u0259ri qlobal logistika bazar\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn i\u015ftirak\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn proqnozla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131la bil\u0259n v\u0259 \u015f\u0259ffaf mar\u015frutlar yaratmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259 tutulub.<\/p>\n Tarix\u0259n \u0259n m\u00fch\u00fcm istiqam\u0259t \u015e\u0259rq v\u0259 Q\u0259rb – \u00c7in v\u0259 Avropa \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259ri aras\u0131nda h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259t idi, lakin zaman ke\u00e7dikc\u0259 \u015eimal v\u0259 C\u0259nub aras\u0131nda dig\u0259r mar\u015frutlar da inki\u015faf etm\u0259y\u0259 ba\u015flad\u0131. M\u00fcasir n\u0259qliyyat d\u0259hlizl\u0259rinin birba\u015fa logistik c\u0259h\u0259td\u0259n \u0259laq\u0259li mar\u015frutlar\u0131 yoxdur v\u0259 daha \u00e7ox formal olaraq bir ne\u00e7\u0259 n\u0259qliyyat n\u00f6v\u00fcn\u00fcn ayr\u0131-ayr\u0131 mar\u015frutlar\u0131n\u0131 birl\u0259\u015fdirir. \u00c7in v\u0259 A\u0130 aras\u0131nda \u0259n populyar y\u00fck mar\u015frutu S\u00fcvey\u015f kanal\u0131ndan ke\u00e7\u0259n d\u0259niz yoludur. Bu mar\u015frut logistika x\u0259rcl\u0259rini azaltma\u011fa imkan verir, lakin da\u015f\u0131nma m\u00fcdd\u0259tini \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tli d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259d\u0259 art\u0131r\u0131r. Bir t\u0259r\u0259f\u0259 t\u0259xmin\u0259n 40-45 g\u00fcn \u0259rzind\u0259 y\u00fckl\u0259rin da\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131 ba\u015f verir. Bununla bel\u0259, bu mar\u015frut \u00fczr\u0259 y\u00fck ax\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n art\u0131m\u0131 infrastrukturun inki\u015faf tempini xeyli \u00fcst\u0259l\u0259yir. Bel\u0259 ki, 2021-ci ilin mart ay\u0131nda 224 min ton y\u00fckg\u00f6t\u00fcrm\u0259 qabiliyy\u0259tin\u0259 malik 400 metrlik Ever Given konteyner g\u0259misi \u00c7ind\u0259n Niderlanda ged\u0259rk\u0259n S\u00fcvey\u015f kanal\u0131n\u0131n 151-ci kilometrind\u0259 quruya \u00e7\u0131rp\u0131laraq, dem\u0259k olar ki, bir h\u0259ft\u0259 kanal boyunca n\u0259qliyyat\u0131n h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259tini dayand\u0131rd\u0131. Gecikm\u0259 vaxt\u0131n\u0131n qeyri-m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259nliyi s\u0259b\u0259bind\u0259n y\u00fckg\u00f6nd\u0259r\u0259nl\u0259r Afrikadan yan ke\u00e7\u0259r\u0259k mar\u015frutu 8 min km v\u0259 \u00e7atd\u0131r\u0131lma m\u00fcdd\u0259tini 10-12 g\u00fcn art\u0131ran alternativ mar\u015frutdan istifad\u0259 etm\u0259y\u0259 m\u0259cbur oldular.<\/p>\n D\u00fcnya ticar\u0259tinin 12%-i, t\u0259xmin\u0259n bir milyon barel neft v\u0259 mayel\u0259\u015fdirilmi\u015f t\u0259bii qaz\u0131n t\u0259xmin\u0259n 8%-i h\u0259r g\u00fcn S\u00fcvey\u015f kanal\u0131ndan ke\u00e7ir. S\u00fcvey\u015f kanal\u0131ndan ke\u00e7ilm\u0259z v\u0259ziyy\u0259td\u0259 qalan Ever Given meqakonteyner g\u0259misi, \u201cLloyd’s List\u201d-in m\u0259lumat\u0131na g\u00f6r\u0259, h\u0259r g\u00fcn t\u0259xmin\u0259n 9,6 milyard dollar (7 milyard funt sterlinq) d\u0259y\u0259rind\u0259 mal\u0131n ke\u00e7idini saxlay\u0131rd\u0131. Bu, saatda 400 milyon dollara v\u0259 3,3 milyon ton y\u00fck\u0259 v\u0259 ya d\u0259qiq\u0259d\u0259 6,7 milyon dollara b\u0259rab\u0259rdir. Dig\u0259r t\u0259r\u0259fd\u0259n, \u201cMoody’s\u201d-in m\u0259lumat\u0131na g\u00f6r\u0259, pandemiyadan \u0259vv\u0259l S\u00fcvey\u015f kanal\u0131ndan ke\u00e7\u0259n ticar\u0259t Misirin \u00dcDM-nin 2%-ni t\u0259\u015fkil edirdi [38].<\/p>\n Bu g\u00fcn d\u00fcnyada davam ed\u0259n m\u00fcharib\u0259l\u0259r, terror h\u00fccumlar\u0131 da d\u00fcnya ticar\u0259tin\u0259 v\u0259 y\u00fckl\u0259rin da\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131na m\u0259nfi t\u0259sir g\u00f6st\u0259rir. Rusiya-Ukrayna m\u00fcharib\u0259si s\u0259b\u0259bind\u0259n Rusiya \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259n Avropaya g\u0259l\u0259n b\u00fct\u00fcn y\u00fckl\u0259rin alternativ mar\u015frutla \u0259v\u0259zl\u0259nm\u0259si, diversifikasiya yollar\u0131 axtar\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n A\u0130-nin Ukrayna il\u0259 h\u0259mr\u0259yliyi m\u00fcst\u0259visind\u0259 Rusiyaya qar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7oxsayl\u0131 iqtisadi sanksiyalar t\u0259tbiq edilib v\u0259 m\u0259hdudla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 t\u0259dbirl\u0259r g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcb. Rusiya s\u0259nayesinin \u0259sas mallar\u0131 \u0259ld\u0259 etm\u0259k imkanlar\u0131n\u0131 m\u0259hdudla\u015fd\u0131rmaq v\u0259 onun yol, aviasiya v\u0259 d\u0259niz s\u0259nayesini z\u0259ifl\u0259tm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn A\u0130 qada\u011fanedici add\u0131mlar\u0131 Rusiyan\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn n\u0259qliyyat sah\u0259sini \u0259hat\u0259 edib [33].<\/p>\n Rusiya il\u0259 Ukrayna aras\u0131nda davam ed\u0259n m\u00fcharib\u0259 s\u0259b\u0259bind\u0259n regionda ba\u015f ver\u0259n geosiyasi prosesl\u0259r \u015e\u0259rql\u0259 Q\u0259rb aras\u0131nda tranzit y\u00fckda\u015f\u0131malar\u0131ndan da yan ke\u00e7m\u0259yib. Q\u0259rbin Rusiyaya qar\u015f\u0131 t\u0259tbiq etdiyi sanksiyalar n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 \u015e\u0259rql\u0259 Q\u0259rb aras\u0131nda Rusiyan\u0131n \u0259razisind\u0259n ke\u00e7\u0259n \u0259n\u0259n\u0259vi mar\u015frutlarda ciddi probleml\u0259r ya\u015fan\u0131b. Ba\u015fqa s\u00f6zl\u0259, sanksiyalara g\u00f6r\u0259, y\u00fckl\u0259rin bu \u00f6lk\u0259nin \u0259razisind\u0259n da\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131 \u00e7\u0259tinl\u0259\u015fib. Bu s\u0259b\u0259bd\u0259n son vaxtlar Az\u0259rbaycan \u0259razisind\u0259n ke\u00e7\u0259n d\u0259hlizl\u0259r vasit\u0259sil\u0259 tranzit y\u00fckda\u015f\u0131malar\u0131n h\u0259cmind\u0259 k\u0259skin art\u0131mlar m\u00fc\u015fahid\u0259 olunub. Bel\u0259 ki, 2021-ci ill\u0259 m\u00fcqayis\u0259d\u0259 2022-ci ild\u0259 respublikam\u0131z\u0131n \u0259razisind\u0259n ke\u00e7\u0259n d\u0259mir yolu, d\u0259niz v\u0259 avtomobil yollar\u0131 il\u0259 tranzit y\u00fckda\u015f\u0131malar\u0131n \u00fcmumi h\u0259cmi 75 faiz artaraq 10,7 milyon tona \u00e7at\u0131b [28].<\/p>\n Dig\u0259r t\u0259r\u0259fd\u0259n, Y\u0259m\u0259n husil\u0259ri 2023-c\u00fc ilin pay\u0131z\u0131ndan b\u0259ri AB\u015e v\u0259 Britaniya g\u0259mil\u0259rin\u0259, el\u0259c\u0259 d\u0259 \u0130sraill\u0259 \u0259laq\u0259li oldu\u011funa inand\u0131qlar\u0131 g\u0259mil\u0259r\u0259 h\u00fccum edir. Va\u015finqton v\u0259 London beyn\u0259lxalq koalisiyan\u0131n d\u0259st\u0259yi il\u0259 Y\u0259m\u0259nd\u0259ki husi h\u0259d\u0259fl\u0259rini vurmaqla cavab verir.<\/p>\n \u00dcmumilikd\u0259 Q\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 d\u0259niz mar\u015frutlar\u0131 qlobal ticar\u0259tin t\u0259xmin\u0259n 12 faizini v\u0259 Asiya il\u0259 Avropa aras\u0131nda ticar\u0259tin 40 faizini t\u0259\u015fkil edir, bel\u0259likl\u0259, fasil\u0259l\u0259rin davam etm\u0259si Avropan\u0131n strateji maraqlar\u0131n\u0131 t\u0259hdid edir [39].<\/p>\n Qeyd ed\u0259k ki, Bab\u00fcl-M\u0259nd\u0259b bo\u011faz\u0131ndan g\u00fcnd\u0259 7 milyon barel neft v\u0259 neft m\u0259hsullar\u0131 ke\u00e7ir. Alternativ mar\u015frutlar \u00fczr\u0259 y\u00fckda\u015f\u0131malar 2 h\u0259ft\u0259 daha \u00e7ox vaxt apar\u0131r [34].<\/p>\n Avrasiya qit\u0259sind\u0259 d\u0259mir yollar\u0131n\u0131n uzunlu\u011fu 500 min km-d\u0259n art\u0131qd\u0131r, h\u0259r il 3 milyon vaqon v\u0259 80 min lokomotiv istismar olunur, 7 milyarda q\u0259d\u0259r y\u00fck v\u0259 13 milyard s\u0259rni\u015fin da\u015f\u0131n\u0131r [29].<\/p>\n Bel\u0259 olan halda, t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259sizlik v\u0259 iqtisadi s\u0259m\u0259r\u0259lilik n\u00f6qteyi-n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259n Orta D\u0259hlizin aktuall\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir q\u0259d\u0259r d\u0259 art\u0131r. Transx\u0259z\u0259r \u015e\u0259rq-Q\u0259rb Beyn\u0259lxalq N\u0259qliyyat D\u0259hlizi (Orta D\u0259hliz) \u00c7in Xalq Respublikas\u0131n\u0131 M\u0259rk\u0259zi Asiya, Qafqaz, T\u00fcrkiy\u0259 vasit\u0259sil\u0259 Avropa \u0130ttifaq\u0131 il\u0259 birl\u0259\u015fdir\u0259n v\u0259 \u015eimal mar\u015frutuna (\u00c7in-Qazax\u0131stan-Rusiya-Belarus-Avropa), el\u0259c\u0259 d\u0259 S\u00fcvey\u015f kanal\u0131 vasit\u0259sil\u0259 d\u0259niz yoluna alternativ olan multimodal n\u0259qliyyat d\u0259hlizidir. Orta D\u0259hliz \u0259sas etibaril\u0259 d\u0259mir yolundan (4256 km) v\u0259 d\u0259nizd\u0259n ke\u00e7\u0259n hiss\u0259d\u0259n (508 km) ibar\u0259tdir v\u0259 \u00c7in-Qazax\u0131stan s\u0259rh\u0259dind\u0259n ba\u015flayaraq, Qazax\u0131standan ke\u00e7m\u0259kl\u0259 X\u0259z\u0259r d\u0259nizi vasit\u0259sil\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan v\u0259 G\u00fcrc\u00fcstanad\u0259k davam edir. G\u00fcrc\u00fcstandan is\u0259 bu d\u0259hliz iki istiqam\u0259td\u0259 \u2212 T\u00fcrkiy\u0259 vasit\u0259sil\u0259 Avropaya, Qara d\u0259niz vasit\u0259sil\u0259 is\u0259 Ukrayna, Rum\u0131niya v\u0259 Bolqar\u0131stana q\u0259d\u0259r uzan\u0131r.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n Avropa v\u0259 Asiya aras\u0131nda \u0259lveri\u015fli co\u011frafi m\u00f6vqed\u0259 yerl\u0259\u015f\u0259n Az\u0259rbaycan \u00f6lk\u0259 \u0259razisind\u0259n ke\u00e7\u0259n Orta D\u0259hlizin r\u0259qab\u0259t qabiliyy\u0259tliliyinin art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 istiqam\u0259tind\u0259 bir s\u0131ra layih\u0259l\u0259r h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irib. 2007-ci il fevral\u0131n 7-d\u0259 Tbilisid\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan Respublikas\u0131n\u0131n Prezidenti \u0130lham \u018fliyevin t\u0259\u015f\u0259bb\u00fcs\u00fc il\u0259 Avrasiyan\u0131n n\u0259qliyyat x\u0259rit\u0259sinin \u00f6n\u0259mli hiss\u0259si olan Bak\u0131-Tbilisi-Qars d\u0259mir yolunun tikintisin\u0259 dair Sazi\u015f imzalan\u0131b. El\u0259 h\u0259min ilin noyabr\u0131nda G\u00fcrc\u00fcstan\u0131n Marabda m\u0259nt\u0259q\u0259sind\u0259 d\u0259mir yolu x\u0259ttinin t\u0259m\u0259li qoyulub. 2008-ci ilin iyulunda is\u0259 Qars \u015f\u0259h\u0259rind\u0259 Qars-G\u00fcrc\u00fcstan s\u0259rh\u0259di hiss\u0259sinin tikintisinin t\u0259m\u0259lqoyma m\u0259rasimi ke\u00e7irilib. \u00dcmumi uzunlu\u011fu t\u0259xmin\u0259n 850 kilometr olan Bak\u0131-Tbilisi-Qars d\u0259mir yolu x\u0259ttinin 504 kilometrlik hiss\u0259si Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n \u0259razisin\u0259 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr. D\u0259mir yolu x\u0259ttinin 263 kilometri G\u00fcrc\u00fcstan, 79 kilometri is\u0259 T\u00fcrkiy\u0259 \u0259razisind\u0259n ke\u00e7ir [1].<\/p>\n 2017-ci il oktyabr\u0131n 30-da istifad\u0259y\u0259 verilmi\u015f Bak\u0131-Tbilisi-Qars d\u0259mir yolu Orta D\u0259hlizin bir hiss\u0259si kimi \u015e\u0259rql\u0259 Q\u0259rb aras\u0131nda n\u0259qliyyat ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 t\u0259min etm\u0259kl\u0259, q\u0259dim \u0130p\u0259k Yolunun polad magistrallar \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 b\u0259rpas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n Bak\u0131-Tbilisi-Qars d\u0259mir yolu \u00c7ind\u0259n Avropaya y\u00fckl\u0259rin Orta D\u0259hliz il\u0259 \u00e7atd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 m\u00fcdd\u0259tinin d\u0259niz da\u015f\u0131malar\u0131na nisb\u0259t\u0259n iki d\u0259f\u0259d\u0259n \u00e7ox azald\u0131lmas\u0131na imkan yarad\u0131r. Regionda sabitliy\u0259 v\u0259 t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259sizliy\u0259 xidm\u0259t ed\u0259n Bak\u0131-Tbilisi-Qars d\u0259mir yolu x\u0259ttinin y\u00fcka\u015f\u0131rma qabiliyy\u0259tinin art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 xarici ticar\u0259t \u0259laq\u0259l\u0259rinin d\u0259rinl\u0259\u015fm\u0259si v\u0259 iqtisadi inki\u015faf bax\u0131m\u0131ndan b\u00f6y\u00fck imkanlar v\u0259d edir.<\/p>\n Bu layih\u0259nin tarixi \u0130p\u0259k Yolu \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irilm\u0259si onun region \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259ri \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn c\u0259lbediciliyini art\u0131r\u0131r, eyni zamanda, M\u0259rk\u0259zi Asiya \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rinin \u2212 T\u00fcrkm\u0259nistan, Qazax\u0131stan, \u00d6zb\u0259kistan, Q\u0131r\u011f\u0131z\u0131stan v\u0259 Tacikistan\u0131n, h\u0259m\u00e7inin \u018ffqan\u0131stan\u0131n Avropa v\u0259 d\u00fcnya bazarlar\u0131na \u00e7\u0131x\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 asanla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131r, ticar\u0259t \u0259laq\u0259l\u0259rinin inki\u015faf\u0131nda v\u0259 qlobal iqtisadiyyata inteqrasiyas\u0131n\u0131n d\u0259rinl\u0259\u015fm\u0259sind\u0259 m\u00fch\u00fcm \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259t da\u015f\u0131y\u0131r. Bak\u0131-Tbilisi-Qars layih\u0259sinin \u0259sas \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fckl\u0259rind\u0259n biri d\u0259 odur ki, Az\u0259rbaycan G\u00fcrc\u00fcstan \u0259razisind\u0259n ke\u00e7m\u0259kl\u0259 T\u00fcrkiy\u0259 il\u0259 birba\u015fa d\u0259mir yolu \u0259laq\u0259sin\u0259 sahib olur. Bu is\u0259 \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259r aras\u0131nda m\u00fcnasib\u0259tl\u0259rin daha da m\u00f6hk\u0259ml\u0259nm\u0259sin\u0259 xidm\u0259t edir.<\/p>\n G\u00fccl\u00fc infrastruktura malik olan Az\u0259rbaycan n\u0259qliyyat \u015f\u0259b\u0259k\u0259l\u0259rinin inki\u015faf\u0131na b\u00f6y\u00fck s\u0259rmay\u0259 qoyaraq bu strateji \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fcy\u00fcn\u00fc daha da m\u00f6hk\u0259ml\u0259ndirm\u0259kl\u0259 m\u00fch\u00fcm n\u0259qliyyat qov\u015fa\u011f\u0131na \u00e7evrilir. Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n tranzit v\u0259 n\u0259qliyyat-logistika imkanlar\u0131n\u0131n davaml\u0131 inki\u015faf etdirilm\u0259si m\u0259qs\u0259dil\u0259 2018-ci ild\u0259 Qarada\u011f rayonunun \u018fl\u0259t q\u0259s\u0259b\u0259sind\u0259 \u00f6lk\u0259nin \u0259sas d\u0259mir yollar\u0131 v\u0259 avtomobil yollar\u0131 \u015f\u0259b\u0259k\u0259sinin k\u0259si\u015fdiyi \u0259razid\u0259 yerl\u0259\u015f\u0259n Bak\u0131 Beyn\u0259lxalq D\u0259niz Ticar\u0259t Liman\u0131 istifad\u0259y\u0259 verilib [25].<\/p>\n Bak\u0131 Beyn\u0259lxalq D\u0259niz Ticar\u0259t Liman\u0131 X\u0259z\u0259r d\u0259nizi regionunda d\u0259niz ticar\u0259tini asanla\u015fd\u0131ran v\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n logistik imkanlar\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131ran \u0259sas y\u00fckda\u015f\u0131ma m\u0259rk\u0259zin\u0259 \u00e7evrilib. O, \u00f6lk\u0259mizin \u0259razisind\u0259n ke\u00e7\u0259n \u015e\u0259rq-Q\u0259rb Beyn\u0259lxalq N\u0259qliyyat D\u0259hlizinin tam g\u00fcc\u00fc il\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259m\u0259sin\u0259 \u0259lveri\u015fli imkanlar yaratm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r.<\/p>\n Bak\u0131n\u0131n Qarada\u011f rayonunun \u018fl\u0259t q\u0259s\u0259b\u0259sind\u0259 yarad\u0131lm\u0131\u015f \u018fl\u0259t Azad \u0130qtisadi Zonas\u0131 Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n Avropa-Asiya logistika z\u0259ncirl\u0259rind\u0259 apar\u0131c\u0131 rolunu g\u00fccl\u0259ndirir [17]. \u018fl\u0259t Azad \u0130qtisadi Zonas\u0131n\u0131n yarad\u0131lmas\u0131nda \u0259sas m\u0259qs\u0259d y\u00fcks\u0259k \u0259lav\u0259 d\u0259y\u0259rli v\u0259 ixracy\u00f6n\u00fcml\u00fc istehsal\u0131 t\u0259min etm\u0259k, innovativ texnologiyalardan istifad\u0259 ed\u0259r\u0259k xidm\u0259tl\u0259r g\u00f6st\u0259r\u0259n investorlar\u0131 c\u0259lb etm\u0259k, bu \u0259sasda milli iqtisadiyyat\u0131n dayan\u0131ql\u0131 inki\u015faf\u0131na v\u0259 \u00f6lk\u0259d\u0259 m\u0259\u015f\u011fullu\u011fun artmas\u0131na t\u00f6hf\u0259 verm\u0259kdir. O, beyn\u0259lxalq y\u00fckda\u015f\u0131malarda m\u00fch\u00fcm rol oynamaqla yana\u015f\u0131, \u00f6lk\u0259nin regional ticar\u0259t qov\u015fa\u011f\u0131na \u00e7evrilm\u0259k perspektivini d\u0259st\u0259kl\u0259yir v\u0259 yerli istehsal\u0131n t\u0259\u015fviqini, habel\u0259 \u201cMade in Azerbaijan\u201d brendinin d\u00fcnyada tan\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 t\u0259min edir.<\/p>\n Prezident \u0130lham \u018fliyevin r\u0259hb\u0259rliyi il\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycanda qeyri-neft sektorunun inki\u015faf\u0131n\u0131n t\u0259min olunmas\u0131, iqtisadiyyat\u0131n m\u00fcxt\u0259lif sah\u0259l\u0259rinin \u015fax\u0259l\u0259ndirilm\u0259si, \u00f6lk\u0259mizin ixrac potensial\u0131n\u0131n art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, xarici investisiyan\u0131n c\u0259lb edilm\u0259si, biznes v\u0259 investisiya m\u00fchitinin daha da yax\u015f\u0131la\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 istiqam\u0259tind\u0259 \u00e7ox vacib layih\u0259l\u0259r icra olunub. Pandemiyan\u0131n d\u00fcnyada yaratd\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00f6y\u00fck iqtisadi v\u0259 maliyy\u0259 \u00e7\u0259tinlikl\u0259rin\u0259 baxmayaraq, Az\u0259rbaycanda bu prosesl\u0259r u\u011furla davam edir. \u018fl\u0259t Azad \u0130qtisadi Zonas\u0131n\u0131n yarad\u0131lmas\u0131 bunun bariz n\u00fcmun\u0259sidir. Bu layih\u0259nin icras\u0131 Az\u0259rbaycana b\u00f6y\u00fck iqtisadi dividendl\u0259r qazand\u0131rmaqla yana\u015f\u0131, \u00f6lk\u0259mizin regionda m\u00f6vqel\u0259rini daha da g\u00fccl\u0259ndir\u0259c\u0259k, \u015e\u0259rq-Q\u0259rb v\u0259 \u015eimal-C\u0259nub tranzit-n\u0259qliyyat d\u0259hlizl\u0259rind\u0259 m\u00fch\u00fcm rolu olan respublikam\u0131z\u0131n strateji \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tini daha da art\u0131racaq. Bu iqtisadi zonan\u0131n yarad\u0131lmas\u0131 d\u00f6vl\u0259t g\u0259lirl\u0259rinin v\u0259 b\u00fcdc\u0259y\u0259 daxil olan v\u0259saitin artmas\u0131na, yeni investisiyalar\u0131n c\u0259lb edilm\u0259sin\u0259 \u015f\u0259rait yaradacaq [19].<\/p>\n Bununla yana\u015f\u0131, i\u015f\u011faldan azad edilmi\u015f \u0259razil\u0259rd\u0259 yeni n\u0259qliyyat-kommunikasiya infrastrukturunun qurulmas\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn h\u0259yata ke\u00e7iril\u0259n iri layih\u0259l\u0259r h\u0259min \u0259razil\u0259rin beyn\u0259lxalq n\u0259qliyyat-logistika m\u0259rk\u0259zin\u0259 \u00e7evirm\u0259sin\u0259 v\u0259 burada Orta D\u0259hlizin inki\u015faf\u0131na \u0259lveri\u015fli \u015f\u0259rait yarad\u0131r.<\/p>\n Dig\u0259r t\u0259r\u0259fd\u0259n, Orta D\u0259hlizin s\u0259m\u0259r\u0259liliyinin art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn Az\u0259rbaycan v\u0259 Qazax\u0131stan t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n m\u00fcvafiq add\u0131mlar at\u0131l\u0131r. 2024-c\u00fc il mart\u0131n 11-d\u0259 \u00c7inin Sian terminal\u0131ndan Bak\u0131n\u0131n Ab\u015feron stansiyas\u0131na konteyner qatar\u0131n\u0131n g\u0259li\u015fi m\u0259rasimini Prezident \u0130lham \u018fliyev v\u0259 Prezident Kas\u0131m-Jomart Tokayev videoba\u011flant\u0131 il\u0259 izl\u0259yibl\u0259r. Qeyd ed\u0259k ki, konteyner qatar\u0131n\u0131n \u00c7inin Sian \u015f\u0259h\u0259rind\u0259 istismara verilmi\u015f Qazax\u0131stana m\u0259xsus N\u0259qliyyat-Logistika M\u0259rk\u0259zi t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n yola sal\u0131nmas\u0131 Orta D\u0259hlizin b\u00fct\u00fcn i\u015ftirak\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn b\u00f6y\u00fck \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259t k\u0259sb edir. Altm\u0131\u015f bir konteynerd\u0259n ibar\u0259t qatar uzunlu\u011fu 7 min kilometr olan mar\u015frutu (Siandak\u0131 Qazax\u0131stan terminal\u0131-Aktau-Ab\u015feron stansiyas\u0131) 11 g\u00fcn\u0259 q\u0259t edib. Multimodal da\u015f\u0131ma zaman\u0131 konteynerl\u0259r Qazax\u0131stan liman\u0131nda yenid\u0259n y\u00fckl\u0259n\u0259r\u0259k X\u0259z\u0259r d\u0259nizi il\u0259 Bak\u0131 Beyn\u0259lxalq D\u0259niz Ticar\u0259t Liman\u0131na, oradan is\u0259 Ab\u015feron stansiyas\u0131na \u00e7atd\u0131r\u0131l\u0131b.<\/p>\n Orta D\u0259hlizin inki\u015faf etdirilm\u0259si v\u0259 yeni y\u00fckl\u0259rin c\u0259lb edilm\u0259si bax\u0131m\u0131ndan bu g\u00fcnl\u0259rd\u0259 \u00c7ind\u0259 f\u0259aliyy\u0259t\u0259 ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f Qazax\u0131stan\u0131n N\u0259qliyyat-Logistika M\u0259rk\u0259zi mar\u015frut \u00fczr\u0259 y\u00fckda\u015f\u0131malar\u0131n h\u0259cminin \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tli d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259d\u0259 art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na h\u0259d\u0259fl\u0259nib. \u0130lkin raz\u0131la\u015fmaya \u0259sas\u0259n, bu M\u0259rk\u0259z vasit\u0259sil\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycana ayda 10 konteyner qatar\u0131n yola sal\u0131nmas\u0131 planla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n Bununla yana\u015f\u0131, Orta D\u0259hlizin inki\u015faf\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn birba\u015fa istehlak\u00e7\u0131lara y\u00f6n\u0259lmi\u015f r\u0259q\u0259msal DTC platformas\u0131 yarad\u0131l\u0131b, Az\u0259rbaycan v\u0259 Qazax\u0131stan d\u0259mir yollar\u0131 \u201cTrack and Trace\u201d (\u201cT\u0259qib v\u0259 \u0130zl\u0259m\u0259\u201d) funksiyas\u0131 vasit\u0259sil\u0259 real vaxt rejimind\u0259 mar\u015frut boyunca y\u00fckl\u0259rin izl\u0259nm\u0259si sistemin\u0259 inteqrasiya olunub. Vahid r\u0259q\u0259msal ekosistemin yarad\u0131lmas\u0131 v\u0259 inki\u015faf etdirilm\u0259si Orta D\u0259hlizin \u015f\u0259ffafl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, c\u0259lbediciliyini getdikc\u0259 art\u0131r\u0131r.<\/p>\n Az\u0259rbaycan v\u0259 Qazax\u0131stan d\u0259mir yollar\u0131 idar\u0259l\u0259rinin birg\u0259 s\u0259yl\u0259ri say\u0259sind\u0259 2024-c\u00fc ild\u0259 y\u00fckda\u015f\u0131malar\u0131n h\u0259cminin \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tli d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259d\u0259 art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 planla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. 2024-c\u00fc ilin yanvar-fevral aylar\u0131nda \u201cQazax\u0131stan D\u0259mir Yollar\u0131\u201d S\u0259hmdar C\u0259miyy\u0259ti il\u0259 \u201cAz\u0259rbaycan D\u0259mir Yollar\u0131\u201d Qapal\u0131 S\u0259hmdar C\u0259miyy\u0259ti aras\u0131nda y\u00fckda\u015f\u0131malar\u0131n h\u0259cmi 2023-c\u00fc ilin eyni d\u00f6vr\u00fc il\u0259 m\u00fcqayis\u0259d\u0259 25 faiz artaraq 539,5 min ton t\u0259\u015fkil edib. Xat\u0131rladaq ki, \u0259vv\u0259ll\u0259r \u00c7ind\u0259n Orta D\u0259hliz vasit\u0259sil\u0259 y\u00fckl\u0259rin Qara d\u0259niz limanlar\u0131na \u00e7atd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 t\u0259xmin\u0259n 53 g\u00fcn \u00e7\u0259kirdis\u0259, haz\u0131rda bu m\u00fcdd\u0259t 18 g\u00fcn t\u0259\u015fkil edir [9].<\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n Qeyd ed\u0259k ki, \u0130ran \u0130slam Respublikas\u0131n\u0131n \u0259razisind\u0259n ke\u00e7m\u0259kl\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan Respublikas\u0131n\u0131n \u015e\u0259rqi Z\u0259ng\u0259zur iqtisadi rayonu il\u0259 Nax\u00e7\u0131van Muxtar Respublikas\u0131 aras\u0131nda yeni d\u0259mir yolu, avtomobil yolu \u0259laq\u0259sinin, el\u0259c\u0259 d\u0259 rabit\u0259 v\u0259 enerji t\u0259minat\u0131 x\u0259tl\u0259rinin tikintisi \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn infrastruktur yarad\u0131l\u0131r. Bu \u0259sasda 2022-ci il mart\u0131n 11-d\u0259 \u201cAz\u0259rbaycan Respublikas\u0131 H\u00f6kum\u0259ti il\u0259 \u0130ran \u0130slam Respublikas\u0131 H\u00f6kum\u0259ti aras\u0131nda \u0130ran \u0130slam Respublikas\u0131n\u0131n \u0259razisind\u0259n ke\u00e7m\u0259kl\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan Respublikas\u0131n\u0131n \u015e\u0259rqi Z\u0259ng\u0259zur iqtisadi rayonu il\u0259 Nax\u00e7\u0131van Muxtar Respublikas\u0131 aras\u0131nda yeni kommunikasiya ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n yarad\u0131lmas\u0131 haqq\u0131nda Anla\u015fma Memorandumu\u201d imzalan\u0131b [4].<\/p>\n S\u00f6z\u00fcged\u0259n Anla\u015fma Memorandumu \u00e7\u0259r\u00e7iv\u0259sind\u0259 2023-c\u00fc il oktyabr\u0131n 6-da Z\u0259ngilanda avtomobil k\u00f6rp\u00fcs\u00fc v\u0259 s\u0259rh\u0259d-g\u00f6mr\u00fck infrastrukturunun in\u015fas\u0131, \u0259razid\u0259 sahilb\u0259rkitm\u0259 t\u0259dbirl\u0259ri layih\u0259l\u0259rinin t\u0259m\u0259lqoyma m\u0259rasimi ke\u00e7irilib v\u0259 tikinti i\u015fl\u0259rin\u0259 ba\u015flan\u0131l\u0131b.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u201cGlobal Infrastructure Outlook\u201dun m\u0259lumat\u0131na g\u00f6r\u0259, \u00c7inin 2016-c\u0131 ild\u0259n 2040-c\u0131 il\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r uzunm\u00fcdd\u0259tli d\u00f6vr \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn d\u0259mir yollar\u0131, limanlar v\u0259 avtomobil yollar\u0131n\u0131n inki\u015faf\u0131na \u00fcmumi investisiyas\u0131 t\u0259xmin\u0259n 16,2 trilyon dollar t\u0259\u015fkil ed\u0259 bil\u0259r. Bunun 62,6 faizi avtomobil yollar\u0131n\u0131n, 33,7 faizi d\u0259mir yolu infrastrukturunun, 3,7 faizi is\u0259 limanlar\u0131n pay\u0131na d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr [36]. M\u00fcqayis\u0259 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn Almaniyan\u0131n bu sah\u0259d\u0259 f\u0259aliyy\u0259tin\u0259 d\u0259 n\u0259z\u0259r salaq. Almaniyada 2016-2040-c\u0131 ill\u0259r \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn d\u0259mir yolu v\u0259 d\u0259niz infrastrukturu aras\u0131nda investisiyalar\u0131n nisb\u0259ti 2%-\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 98% t\u0259\u015fkil edir v\u0259 d\u00f6vr \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u00fcmumi h\u0259cmi m\u00fcvafiq olaraq 1,5 trilyon v\u0259 23,4 milyard dollar t\u0259\u015fkil ed\u0259c\u0259k. \u00d6lk\u0259nin n\u0259qliyyat\u0131na qoyulan investisiyalar\u0131n illik h\u0259cmi 78,5 milyard dollar, o c\u00fcml\u0259d\u0259n d\u0259mir yollar\u0131na 58,4 milyard dollar, limanlara is\u0259 0,9 milyard dollar h\u0259cmind\u0259 qiym\u0259tl\u0259ndirilir.<\/p>\n Eyni zamanda, Almaniyada 2016-2040-c\u0131 ill\u0259r \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn hava limanlar\u0131 istisna olmaqla, n\u0259qliyyat s\u0259nayesin\u0259 qoyulan investisiyalar\u0131n \u00fcmumi h\u0259cmi t\u0259xmin\u0259n 2 trilyon AB\u015e dollar\u0131 t\u0259\u015fkil ed\u0259c\u0259k ki, bunun da 74,4 faizi d\u0259mir yollar\u0131, 24,4 faizi avtomobil yollar\u0131, t\u0259xmin\u0259n 1,2 faizi liman infrastrukturunun pay\u0131na d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr [37].<\/p>\n 2023-\u0441\u00fc ilin oktyabr ay\u0131nda Yeni Dehlid\u0259 ke\u00e7iril\u0259n G20-nin sammitind\u0259 elan edil\u0259n iddial\u0131 d\u0259mir yolu v\u0259 d\u0259niz n\u0259qliyyat\u0131 layih\u0259si \u00c7inin iqtisadi t\u0259sirin\u0259 meydan oxumaq kimi q\u0259bul edildi. Hindistan, S\u0259udiyy\u0259 \u018fr\u0259bistan\u0131, Birl\u0259\u015fmi\u015f \u018fr\u0259b \u018fmirlikl\u0259ri, \u0130ordaniya, \u0130srail v\u0259 Avropa \u0130ttifaq\u0131n\u0131n daxil olaca\u011f\u0131 d\u0259hliz ticar\u0259ti art\u0131rma\u011fa, enerji resurslar\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7atd\u0131rma\u011fa v\u0259 r\u0259q\u0259msal \u0259laq\u0259ni yax\u015f\u0131la\u015fd\u0131rma\u011fa k\u00f6m\u0259k ed\u0259c\u0259k. B\u00f6y\u00fck co\u011frafiyan\u0131 \u0259hat\u0259 ed\u0259c\u0259k d\u0259hliz il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 \u201cBu, b\u00f6y\u00fck bir i\u015fdir. Bu, h\u0259qiq\u0259t\u0259n d\u0259 b\u00f6y\u00fck bir i\u015fdir\u201d dey\u0259n Bayden, Va\u015finqtonu G20 qrupunda inki\u015faf etm\u0259kd\u0259 olan \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259r \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn alternativ t\u0259r\u0259fda\u015f v\u0259 investor kimi t\u0259qdim ed\u0259r\u0259k, “Bir k\u0259m\u0259r, bir yol\u201d t\u0259\u015f\u0259bb\u00fcs\u00fc \u00e7\u0259r\u00e7iv\u0259sind\u0259 \u00c7inin qlobal infrastrukturla ba\u011fl\u0131 planlar\u0131na qar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131xma\u011fa \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r [35].<\/p>\n \u0130srailin son ill\u0259r \u0259rzind\u0259 \u0259r\u0259b d\u00fcnyas\u0131 il\u0259 yax\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131ndan sonra, 2023-c\u00fc ilin 7 oktyabr tarixind\u0259 H\u0259mas\u0131n ba\u015f\u00e7\u0131l\u0131q etdiyi f\u0259l\u0259stinli silahl\u0131 qruplar t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n Q\u0259zza zola\u011f\u0131ndan \u0130srail\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 ba\u015flad\u0131lm\u0131\u015f geni\u015fmiqyasl\u0131 h\u00fccum \u0259m\u0259liyyatlar\u0131 (\u201c\u018fl-\u018fqsa f\u0131rt\u0131nas\u0131\u201d) il\u0259 ba\u015flayan m\u00fcharib\u0259 bu layih\u0259nin g\u0259l\u0259c\u0259yini sual alt\u0131nda qoyur.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n Az\u0259rbaycan tranzit potensial\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rmaq v\u0259 \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc m\u00fch\u00fcm logistika m\u0259rk\u0259zl\u0259rind\u0259n biri kimi g\u00f6st\u0259rm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn beyn\u0259lxalq n\u0259qliyyat d\u0259hlizl\u0259rinin inki\u015faf\u0131nda f\u0259al i\u015ftirak edir. Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n beyn\u0259lxalq da\u015f\u0131malarda d\u0259mir yolu da\u015f\u0131malar\u0131 2019-cu ild\u0259ki 40,6 min TEU-dan 2020-ci ild\u0259 75% artaraq 71,2 min TEU-ya \u00e7at\u0131b.<\/p>\n 2019-cu ild\u0259 beyn\u0259lxalq da\u015f\u0131malarda multimodal konteyner da\u015f\u0131malar\u0131n\u0131 inki\u015faf etdirm\u0259k m\u0259qs\u0259dil\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan, T\u00fcrkiy\u0259 v\u0259 Asiya aras\u0131nda tranzit konteyner y\u00fckl\u0259rinin da\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn X\u0259z\u0259r d\u0259nizind\u0259 Bak\u0131 v\u0259 T\u00fcrkm\u0259nba\u015f\u0131 (T\u00fcrkm\u0259nistan) limanlar\u0131n\u0131 birl\u0259\u015fdir\u0259n m\u00fcnt\u0259z\u0259m fider xidm\u0259ti istifad\u0259y\u0259 verilib. Bu g\u00fcn X\u0259z\u0259r vasit\u0259sil\u0259 realla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lan d\u0259niz n\u0259qliyyat\u0131 \u015eimal-C\u0259nub v\u0259 \u015e\u0259rq-Q\u0259rb d\u0259hlizl\u0259rinin m\u00fch\u00fcm seqmentini t\u0259\u015fkil edir. Q\u00fcrurverici hald\u0131r ki, Az\u0259rbaycan 200-d\u0259n \u00e7ox g\u0259mi il\u0259 X\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259 \u0259n b\u00f6y\u00fck da\u015f\u0131ma donanmas\u0131na malikdir. Bu donanma vasit\u0259sil\u0259 h\u0259m respublikam\u0131z\u0131n, h\u0259m sahilyan\u0131 d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259rin, el\u0259c\u0259 d\u0259 dig\u0259r regionlardan olan sifari\u015f\u00e7il\u0259rin y\u00fckl\u0259ri etibarl\u0131 \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 t\u0259yinat yerin\u0259 \u00e7atd\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. Eyni zamanda, haz\u0131rda Az\u0259rbaycan X\u0259z\u0259r D\u0259niz G\u0259mi\u00e7iliyi X\u0259z\u0259r d\u0259nizind\u0259 yegan\u0259 b\u0259r\u0259 operatorudur. Qurumun b\u0259r\u0259l\u0259ri Transx\u0259z\u0259r Beyn\u0259lxalq N\u0259qliyyat Mar\u015frutu \u00fczr\u0259 y\u00fckda\u015f\u0131ma z\u0259ncirinin m\u00fch\u00fcm h\u0259lq\u0259si olmaqla, X\u0259z\u0259rin \u015e\u0259rq v\u0259 Q\u0259rb sahill\u0259rind\u0259ki d\u0259mir yollar\u0131n\u0131 d\u0259niz \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 birl\u0259\u015fdirir, Az\u0259rbaycan \u0259razisind\u0259n tranzit y\u00fckl\u0259rin da\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131na, \u00f6lk\u0259nin \u0259lveri\u015fli co\u011frafi m\u00f6vqeyinin v\u0259 tranzit potensial\u0131n\u0131n realla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na xidm\u0259t edir.<\/p>\n Orta D\u0259hlizin yeni bir qolu olan Bak\u0131\u2212Nax\u00e7\u0131van\u2212Qars d\u0259mir yolu etibarl\u0131 ticar\u0259t mar\u015frutu kimi regional \u0259m\u0259kda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n d\u0259rinl\u0259\u015fm\u0259sin\u0259 v\u0259 h\u0259yat \u015f\u0259raitinin y\u00fcks\u0259lm\u0259sin\u0259 xidm\u0259t ed\u0259c\u0259kdir. 2023-c\u00fc il sentyabr\u0131n 25-d\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan Respublikas\u0131 v\u0259 T\u00fcrkiy\u0259 Respublikas\u0131 d\u00f6vl\u0259t ba\u015f\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n i\u015ftirak\u0131 il\u0259 ke\u00e7iril\u0259n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f zaman\u0131 Qars\u2212Nax\u00e7\u0131van yeni d\u0259mir yolu x\u0259ttinin tikintisin\u0259 dair Niyy\u0259t Protokolu imzalanm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r [23]. Tikilm\u0259si planla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lan d\u0259mir yolu x\u0259ttinin uzunlu\u011fu 224 kilometr olacaq v\u0259 T\u00fcrkiy\u0259 t\u0259r\u0259fi onu 5 il \u0259rzind\u0259 istifad\u0259y\u0259 verm\u0259yi planla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131r. S\u00f6z\u00fcged\u0259n layih\u0259 h\u0259m Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n \u0259sas hiss\u0259si il\u0259 Nax\u00e7\u0131van aras\u0131nda ba\u011flant\u0131, h\u0259m d\u0259 y\u00fckl\u0259rin Avropaya da\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131 istiqam\u0259tind\u0259 tarixi \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tli layih\u0259 olacaqd\u0131r.<\/p>\n \u00d6lk\u0259miz Orta D\u0259hlizin t\u0259\u015fviqi m\u0259qs\u0259dil\u0259 d\u0259hliz boyu \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rl\u0259 s\u0131x \u0259m\u0259kda\u015fl\u0131q h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irir. Qeyd ed\u0259k ki, 2022-ci il noyabr\u0131n 22-d\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan, Qazax\u0131stan, T\u00fcrkiy\u0259 v\u0259 G\u00fcrc\u00fcstan aras\u0131nda Orta D\u0259hlizin inki\u015faf\u0131 \u00fczr\u0259 2022\u22122027-ci ill\u0259ri \u0259hat\u0259 ed\u0259n Yol X\u0259rit\u0259si imzalan\u0131b.<\/p>\n 2023-c\u00fc il noyabr\u0131n 23-d\u0259 t\u0259sdiq edilmi\u015f \u201cAz\u0259rbaycan Respublikas\u0131n\u0131n \u0259razisind\u0259n ke\u00e7\u0259n beyn\u0259lxalq n\u0259qliyyat d\u0259hlizl\u0259rinin tranzit potensial\u0131n\u0131n art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na v\u0259 tranzit y\u00fckda\u015f\u0131malar\u0131n t\u0259\u015fviqin\u0259 dair 2024\u22122026-c\u0131 ill\u0259r \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn F\u0259aliyy\u0259t Plan\u201d\u0131 \u00f6lk\u0259mizin tranzit potensial\u0131ndan daha s\u0259m\u0259r\u0259li istifad\u0259y\u0259 imkanlar yarad\u0131r [6].<\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u015eimal-C\u0259nub Beyn\u0259lxalq N\u0259qliyyat D\u0259hlizi istiqam\u0259tind\u0259 \u00f6lk\u0259mizd\u0259 g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u0259n i\u015fl\u0259r\u0259 d\u0259 n\u0259z\u0259r salsaq, n\u0259qliyyat-kommunikasiya sah\u0259sind\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131m\u0131zdak\u0131 m\u0259nz\u0259r\u0259 daha ayd\u0131n olar v\u0259 t\u0259dqiqat\u0131m\u0131z haqq\u0131nda daha dol\u011fun t\u0259s\u0259vv\u00fcr formala\u015far. Bizim \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u015eimal-C\u0259nub beyn\u0259lxalq n\u0259qliyyat d\u0259hlizinin \u00f6yr\u0259nilm\u0259si bir s\u0131ra aspektl\u0259rd\u0259n \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tlidir. Erm\u0259nistan\u0131n ba\u015f naziri Nikol Pa\u015finyan\u0131n ir\u0259li s\u00fcrd\u00fcy\u00fc utopik \u201cS\u00fclh k\u0259si\u015fm\u0259si\u201d layih\u0259sind\u0259 \u201c\u015eimal-C\u0259nub\u201d mar\u015frutuna daha \u00e7ox diqq\u0259t ayr\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n \u201c\u015eimal-C\u0259nub\u201d Beyn\u0259lxalq N\u0259qliyyat D\u0259hlizi haqq\u0131nda Raz\u0131la\u015fma Rusiya, \u0130ran v\u0259 Hindistan aras\u0131nda imzalan\u0131b v\u0259 2002-ci il may\u0131n 21-d\u0259n q\u00fcvv\u0259y\u0259 minib [30]. Az\u0259rbaycan \u201c\u015eimal-C\u0259nub\u201d Beyn\u0259lxalq N\u0259qliyyat D\u0259hlizi haqq\u0131nda Sazi\u015f\u201d\u0259 2005-ci ild\u0259 qo\u015fulub.<\/p>\n Ad\u0131\u00e7\u0259kil\u0259n n\u0259qliyyat d\u0259hlizi Hindistan, Pakistan, \u0130ran, Az\u0259rbaycan, Rusiya v\u0259 \u015eimali Avropa \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rini birl\u0259\u015fdir\u0259c\u0259k. Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n h\u0259m Rusiya, h\u0259m \u0130ranla quru s\u0259rh\u0259din\u0259 malik olmas\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7t\u0259r\u0259fli regional \u0259m\u0259kda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n inki\u015faf\u0131na \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tli t\u0259sir g\u00f6st\u0259rir. Bununla Az\u0259rbaycan h\u0259r iki transkontinental d\u0259hlizin k\u0259si\u015fm\u0259sind\u0259, Avrasiya co\u011frafiyas\u0131n\u0131n m\u0259rk\u0259zind\u0259 m\u00fch\u00fcm n\u0259qliyyat-logistika qov\u015fa\u011f\u0131na \u00e7evrilir.<\/p>\n Avrasiya materikinin \u015fimal v\u0259 c\u0259nub hiss\u0259l\u0259ri aras\u0131nda m\u00fch\u00fcm rolu olan n\u0259qliyyat-logistika d\u0259hlizinin Az\u0259rbaycan \u0259razisind\u0259n ke\u00e7\u0259n hiss\u0259sind\u0259 infrastruktur \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tli d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259d\u0259 m\u00fcasirl\u0259\u015fdirilib. Bak\u0131 D\u0259niz Ticar\u0259t Liman\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fcka\u015f\u0131rma qabiliyy\u0259ti art\u0131r\u0131l\u0131b, \u018fl\u0259t-Astara avtomobil yolu yenid\u0259n qurulub, \u0130ran il\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan aras\u0131nda yeni d\u0259mir yolu k\u00f6rp\u00fcs\u00fc tikilib. Bu da \u00f6lk\u0259mizin tranzit rolunun xeyli artmas\u0131na v\u0259 onun beyn\u0259lxalq status qazanmas\u0131na s\u0259b\u0259b olub.<\/p>\n \u00d6lk\u0259miz \u201c\u015eimal-C\u0259nub\u201d Beyn\u0259lxalq N\u0259qliyyat D\u0259hlizinin yarad\u0131lmas\u0131nda f\u0259al rol oynay\u0131r. \u201c\u015eimal-C\u0259nub\u201d N\u0259qliyyat D\u0259hlizinin Az\u0259rbaycan \u0259razisind\u0259n ke\u00e7\u0259n d\u0259mir yolu x\u0259ttinin uzunlu\u011fu 511 kilometrdir. Bu d\u0259hlizin \u00f6n\u0259mli hiss\u0259si olan Az\u0259rbaycan-Rusiya s\u0259rh\u0259dind\u0259n Az\u0259rbaycan-\u0130ran s\u0259rh\u0259din\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r d\u0259mir yolu istismara tam haz\u0131r v\u0259ziyy\u0259t\u0259 g\u0259tirilib. \u201c\u015eimal-C\u0259nub\u201d N\u0259qliyyat D\u0259hlizinin inki\u015faf etdirilm\u0259si m\u0259qs\u0259dil\u0259 2022-ci il sentyabr\u0131n 9-da Bak\u0131da \u00fc\u00e7t\u0259r\u0259fli g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f ke\u00e7irilib v\u0259 yekunda Bak\u0131 B\u0259yannam\u0259si imzalan\u0131b. S\u0259n\u0259d\u0259 \u0259sas\u0259n, t\u0259r\u0259fl\u0259r (Az\u0259rbaycan, Rusiya v\u0259 \u0130ran) \u015eimal v\u0259 C\u0259nub d\u0259hlizi \u00fczr\u0259 y\u00fckda\u015f\u0131malar\u0131n 15 milyon tona \u00e7atd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn m\u00fcvafiq t\u0259dbirl\u0259r g\u00f6r\u0259c\u0259kl\u0259r [26].<\/p>\n 2023-c\u00fc il may\u0131n 17-d\u0259 Kazan Forumu \u00e7\u0259r\u00e7iv\u0259sind\u0259 d\u0259hlizin \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmayan seqmenti olan R\u0259\u015ft\u2212Astara d\u0259mir yolu x\u0259ttinin tikintisinin Rusiya t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n maliyy\u0259l\u0259\u015fdirilm\u0259si il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 Rusiya Federasiyas\u0131 v\u0259 \u0130ran \u0130slam Respublikas\u0131 aras\u0131nda kredit sazi\u015fi imzalan\u0131b [13]. Layih\u0259 h\u0259m Avropaya, h\u0259m d\u0259 Rusiya il\u0259 Fars k\u00f6rf\u0259zi \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259ri aras\u0131nda mallar\u0131n s\u00fcr\u0259tli v\u0259 mane\u0259siz tranzitini t\u0259min ed\u0259c\u0259k. Sankt-Peterburqdan Mumbaya mallar\u0131n \u00e7atd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 S\u00fcvey\u015f kanal\u0131 vasit\u0259sil\u0259 \u0259n\u0259n\u0259vi mar\u015frutlar \u00fczr\u0259 30-45 g\u00fcn \u0259v\u0259zin\u0259 t\u0259xmin\u0259n 10 g\u00fcn \u00e7\u0259k\u0259c\u0259k. D\u0259mir yolu il\u0259 tranzit y\u00fckl\u0259rin \u00fcmumi h\u0259cmi \u0259n az\u0131 15 milyon ton t\u0259\u015fkil ed\u0259c\u0259k [27].<\/p>\n G\u0259l\u0259c\u0259kd\u0259 \u015eimal-C\u0259nub v\u0259 Bak\u0131-Tbilisi-Qars n\u0259qliyyat d\u0259hlizl\u0259rinin inteqrasiyas\u0131 n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259 tutulur. Az\u0259rbaycan h\u0259r iki layih\u0259d\u0259 f\u0259al i\u015ftirak\u00e7\u0131d\u0131r. Bel\u0259 ki, Osmanl\u0131-Horadiz-A\u011fb\u0259nd-Nax\u00e7\u0131van-Qars d\u0259mir yolu x\u0259ttinin tikintisi \u00f6lk\u0259mizin tranzit qov\u015faq kimi formala\u015fmas\u0131na v\u0259 \u00f6lk\u0259 \u0259razisind\u0259n ke\u00e7\u0259n h\u0259r iki n\u0259qliyyat d\u0259hlizinin birl\u0259\u015fdirilm\u0259sin\u0259 imkan yaradacaqd\u0131r. Az\u0259rbaycanla yana\u015f\u0131, G\u00fcrc\u00fcstan, T\u00fcrkiy\u0259, Avropa \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259ri, \u00c7in, Qazax\u0131stan v\u0259 dig\u0259r Orta Asiya respublikalar\u0131 bu imkanlardan faydalanacaq.<\/p>\n G\u00f6r\u00fcnd\u00fcy\u00fc kimi, Z\u0259ng\u0259zur d\u0259hlizi v\u0259 Orta d\u0259hliz haz\u0131rda \u00e7ox m\u00fch\u00fcm \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259t\u0259 malik olmaqla yana\u015f\u0131, h\u0259m d\u0259 n\u0259qliyyat ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n \u015fax\u0259l\u0259ndirilm\u0259si layih\u0259si kimi n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259n ke\u00e7irilir. C\u0259nubi Qafqazda yeni n\u0259qliyyat arteriyalar\u0131n\u0131n v\u0259 kommunikasiya \u0259laq\u0259l\u0259rinin f\u0259aliyy\u0259t\u0259 ba\u015flamas\u0131 b\u00f6lg\u0259d\u0259 s\u00fclh\u00fc, t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259sizliyi v\u0259 dayan\u0131ql\u0131 sabitliyi t\u0259\u015fviq ed\u0259c\u0259kdir.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n Art\u0131q uzun m\u00fcdd\u0259tdir ki, vahid n\u0259qliyyat m\u0259kan\u0131n\u0131n v\u0259 vahid n\u0259qliyyat infrastrukturunun yarad\u0131lmas\u0131 ideyas\u0131 milli, d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259raras\u0131 (ittifaqlar \u00e7\u0259r\u00e7iv\u0259sind\u0259), kontinental v\u0259 daha sonra qlobal s\u0259viyy\u0259d\u0259 n\u0259qliyyat\u0131n inki\u015faf\u0131 il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 q\u0259rarlar\u0131n q\u0259bulu \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u0259sas kimi q\u0259bul edilib. Lakin bu ideyan\u0131n praktiki h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irilm\u0259si \u0259ks\u0259r hallarda h\u0259l\u0259 d\u0259 milli infrastrukturun inki\u015faf\u0131 layih\u0259l\u0259rinin \u0259laq\u0259l\u0259ndirilm\u0259si v\u0259 a\u015fkar h\u00fcquqi v\u0259 iqtisadi texnoloji mane\u0259l\u0259rin aradan qald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 il\u0259 m\u0259hdudla\u015f\u0131r. Bu g\u00fcn n\u0259qliyyat sisteml\u0259rinin h\u0259l\u0259 d\u0259 inteqrasiyan\u0131n birinci m\u0259rh\u0259l\u0259sind\u0259 oldu\u011funu iddia etm\u0259k olar.<\/p>\n D\u0259mir yolu il\u0259 y\u00fckda\u015f\u0131malar\u0131 \u00e7\u0259r\u00e7iv\u0259sind\u0259 m\u00fcnasib\u0259tl\u0259ri t\u0259nziml\u0259y\u0259n iki h\u00fcquq sistemi m\u00f6vcuddur:<\/p>\n v Mallar\u0131n Beyn\u0259lxalq Da\u015f\u0131malar\u0131na dair Bern Konvensiyas\u0131 (sonradan D\u0259miryolu il\u0259 Beyn\u0259lxalq Da\u015f\u0131malar haqq\u0131nda Konvensiyaya daxil edilmi\u015fdir) \u201cConvention relative aux Transport international ferroviaires\u201d (COTIF )<\/p>\n v Beyn\u0259lxalq y\u00fck da\u015f\u0131malar\u0131 haqq\u0131nda Sazi\u015f (BYDS). Bu da d\u0259mir yolu il\u0259 y\u00fckl\u0259rin da\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u0259mt\u0259\u0259 qaim\u0259si m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n edir.<\/p>\n COTIF s\u0259n\u0259d\u0259 qo\u015fulmu\u015f v\u0259 onu ratifikasiya etmi\u015f d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259rin \u0259razil\u0259rin\u0259 \u015famil edil\u0259n beyn\u0259lxalq m\u00fcqavil\u0259dir. COT\u0130F \u0259razisind\u0259 y\u00fckl\u0259rin beyn\u0259lxalq da\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131 zaman\u0131 d\u0259mir yolu il\u0259 y\u00fckl\u0259rin da\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131, vaqonlar\u0131n v\u0259 ayr\u0131ca infrastrukturun istifad\u0259si \u00fczr\u0259 xidm\u0259t g\u00f6st\u0259r\u0259n m\u00fcxt\u0259lif \u015firk\u0259tl\u0259rl\u0259 ayr\u0131ca m\u00fcqavil\u0259l\u0259r ba\u011flan\u0131r.<\/p>\n BYDS, \u00f6z n\u00f6vb\u0259sind\u0259, d\u0259mir yolu n\u0259qliyyat\u0131na cavabdeh olan milli nazirlikl\u0259rin i\u015ftirak etdiyi beyn\u0259lxalq m\u00fcqavil\u0259dir. COTIF-d\u0259n f\u0259rqli olaraq, BYDS y\u00fckl\u0259rin da\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131, vaqonlar\u0131n istifad\u0259si v\u0259 d\u0259mir yolu infrastrukturu xidm\u0259tl\u0259rini ay\u0131rm\u0131r, \u00e7\u00fcnki bu xidm\u0259tl\u0259r milli d\u0259mir yolu \u015firk\u0259tl\u0259ri t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n h\u0259rt\u0259r\u0259fli \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 t\u0259qdim olunur.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n Prezident \u0130lham \u018fliyevin r\u0259hb\u0259rliyi alt\u0131nda ke\u00e7irilmi\u015f \u201cD\u0259mir yumruq\u201d \u0259m\u0259liyyat\u0131 n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 regionda yeni geosiyasi reall\u0131qlar formala\u015fd\u0131. 44 g\u00fcn davam ed\u0259n h\u0259rbi \u0259m\u0259liyyatlar n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 r\u0259\u015fad\u0259tli ordumuz BMT T\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259sizlik \u015euras\u0131n\u0131n q\u0259tnam\u0259l\u0259rini yerin\u0259 yetirdi. Birinci Qaraba\u011f m\u00fcharib\u0259si n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 \u00f6z torpaqlar\u0131n\u0131n 20 faizini itir\u0259n Az\u0259rbaycan Respublikas\u0131 1994-c\u00fc ild\u0259 imzalanm\u0131\u015f Bi\u015fkek protokolundan sonra BMT T\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259sizlik \u015euras\u0131n\u0131n i\u015f\u011fal\u00e7\u0131 q\u00fcvv\u0259l\u0259rin qeyd-\u015f\u0259rtsiz Az\u0259rbaycan torpaqlar\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131xar\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259 tutan q\u0259rarlar\u0131n\u0131n icra olunmas\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn Erm\u0259nistan Respublikas\u0131 il\u0259 m\u00fcxt\u0259lif beyn\u0259lxalq qurumlar \u00e7\u0259r\u00e7iv\u0259sind\u0259 uzunm\u00fcdd\u0259tli diplomatik dan\u0131\u015f\u0131qlar apard\u0131. Uzun ill\u0259r \u0259rzind\u0259 AT\u018fT-in Minsk qrupu m\u00fcnaqi\u015f\u0259nin t\u0259nziml\u0259nm\u0259si istiqam\u0259tind\u0259 f\u0259aliyy\u0259t g\u00f6st\u0259rs\u0259 d\u0259, bu, praktiki n\u0259tic\u0259 verm\u0259di. Beyn\u0259lxalq t\u0259\u015fkilatlar\u0131n s\u00fclh platformalar\u0131 il\u0259 yana\u015f\u0131, Az\u0259rbaycan region \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rinin d\u0259 m\u00fcnaqi\u015f\u0259nin h\u0259lli istiqam\u0259tind\u0259ki t\u0259\u015f\u0259bb\u00fcsl\u0259rind\u0259 yax\u0131ndan i\u015ftirak etdi. Lakin uzun ill\u0259r \u0259rzind\u0259 apar\u0131lan s\u00fclh dan\u0131\u015f\u0131qlar\u0131 he\u00e7 bir n\u0259tic\u0259 vermirdi.<\/p>\n 2018-ci ild\u0259 Erm\u0259nistanda hakimiyy\u0259t\u0259 g\u0259l\u0259n Nikol Pa\u015finyan\u0131n \u201cQaraba\u011f Erm\u0259nistand\u0131r v\u0259 n\u00f6qt\u0259\u201d kimi populist b\u0259yanatlar\u0131, Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n i\u015f\u011fal olunmu\u015f \u0259razil\u0259rin\u0259 ard\u0131c\u0131l qanunsuz s\u0259f\u0259rl\u0259ri kimi t\u0259xribat\u00e7\u0131 xarakter da\u015f\u0131yan h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259tl\u0259ri v\u0259 bu t\u0259xribat\u00e7\u0131 \u0259m\u0259ll\u0259rin davam\u0131 qismind\u0259 2019-cu ilin mart ay\u0131nda Erm\u0259nistan\u0131n m\u00fcdafi\u0259 naziri David Tonoyan\u0131n AB\u015e-da r\u0259smi s\u0259f\u0259rd\u0259 olark\u0259n \u201cyeni torpaqlar \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn yeni m\u00fcharib\u0259\u201d \u00e7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131\u015f\u0131 m\u00fcnaqi\u015f\u0259nin s\u00fclh yolu il\u0259 h\u0259lli imkanlar\u0131n\u0131 sars\u0131td\u0131.<\/p>\n 2020-ci ilin iyul ay\u0131nda erm\u0259nil\u0259r Az\u0259rbaycan-Erm\u0259nistan d\u00f6vl\u0259t s\u0259rh\u0259dinin Tovuz istiqam\u0259tind\u0259 \u0259lveri\u015fli m\u00f6vqel\u0259ri \u0259l\u0259 ke\u00e7irm\u0259k m\u0259qs\u0259dil\u0259 artilleriya at\u0259\u015find\u0259n istifad\u0259 ed\u0259r\u0259k h\u00fccuma ke\u00e7m\u0259y\u0259 c\u0259hd g\u00f6st\u0259rs\u0259 d\u0259, buna m\u00fcv\u0259ff\u0259q ola bilm\u0259dil\u0259r [22].<\/p>\n Avqust ay\u0131nda t\u0259mas x\u0259ttinin Goranboy rayonu istiqam\u0259tind\u0259 Erm\u0259nistan Silahl\u0131 Q\u00fcvv\u0259l\u0259rinin diversiya-k\u0259\u015ffiyyat qrupu t\u0259xribat t\u00f6r\u0259tm\u0259y\u0259 c\u0259hd g\u00f6st\u0259rdi, lakin g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u0259n t\u0259dbirl\u0259r n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 diversiya qrupu itki ver\u0259r\u0259k geri \u00e7\u0259kildi v\u0259 qrupun komandiri ba\u015f leytenant Qurgin Alberyan \u0259sir g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc [3].<\/p>\n Birba\u015fa h\u0259rbi t\u0259xribatlarla yana\u015f\u0131, Erm\u0259nistan t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n beyn\u0259lxalq h\u00fcquqi prinsipl\u0259r\u0259 zidd olaraq, Az\u0259rbaycan Respublikas\u0131n\u0131n i\u015f\u011fal alt\u0131ndak\u0131 \u0259razil\u0259rin\u0259 \u00e7ox sayda YPG, PKK terror\u00e7ular\u0131n\u0131n, o c\u00fcml\u0259d\u0259n Beyrut liman\u0131nda ba\u015f tutan partlay\u0131\u015flardan sonra minl\u0259rl\u0259 Livan erm\u0259nil\u0259rinin k\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcr\u00fclm\u0259si m\u00fcnaqi\u015f\u0259ni daha da alovland\u0131rd\u0131. Situasiyan\u0131n g\u0259rginliyi 2020-ci ilin avqust ay\u0131n\u0131n sonlar\u0131nda Erm\u0259nistan ba\u015f nazirinin h\u0259yat yolda\u015f\u0131 Anna Hakobyan\u0131n Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n i\u015f\u011fal alt\u0131ndak\u0131 \u0259razil\u0259rind\u0259 qeyri-leqal olaraq t\u0259\u015fkil olunmu\u015f h\u0259rbi t\u0259limd\u0259 i\u015ftirak\u0131n\u0131 ictimail\u0259\u015fdirm\u0259si il\u0259 pik h\u0259dd\u0259 \u00e7atd\u0131 [15]. Erm\u0259nistan t\u0259r\u0259finin bu q\u0259bild\u0259n olan s\u0259m\u0259r\u0259siz v\u0259 t\u0259hrikedici b\u0259yanatlar\u0131 v\u0259 h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259tl\u0259ri dan\u0131\u015f\u0131qlar prosesind\u0259n tamamil\u0259 imtina edilm\u0259si anlam\u0131na g\u0259lirdi.<\/p>\n 2020-ci il sentyabr\u0131n 25-d\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan Respublikas\u0131n\u0131n Prezidenti \u0130lham \u018fliyevin BMT Ba\u015f Assambleyas\u0131n\u0131n 75-ci sessiyas\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcmumi debatlar\u0131nda videoformatda etdiyi \u00e7\u0131x\u0131\u015f\u0131nda Erm\u0259nistan\u0131n son t\u0259xribatlar\u0131 n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 az\u0259rbaycanl\u0131 h\u0259rb\u00e7il\u0259rin v\u0259 m\u00fclki v\u0259t\u0259nda\u015f\u0131n h\u0259lak olmas\u0131, habel\u0259 m\u00fclki infrastruktura vurulan ciddi ziyan qeyd olunub. O c\u00fcml\u0259d\u0259n, Az\u0259rbaycan Prezidenti iyulun 17-d\u0259n etibar\u0259n sentyabr ay\u0131na q\u0259d\u0259r h\u0259rbi y\u00fck t\u0259yyar\u0259l\u0259ri il\u0259 Erm\u0259nistana min tondan art\u0131q h\u0259rbi avadanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n da\u015f\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bildirib [12].<\/p>\n 2020-ci il sentyabr\u0131n 27-d\u0259 Erm\u0259nistan Silahl\u0131 Q\u00fcvv\u0259l\u0259rinin at\u0259\u015fk\u0259s rejimini kobud \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 pozmas\u0131na cavab olaraq h\u0259min g\u00fcn Az\u0259rbaycan Silahl\u0131 Q\u00fcvv\u0259l\u0259ri erm\u0259ni t\u0259xribatlar\u0131n\u0131n qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 almaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u0259ks-h\u0259ml\u0259 \u0259m\u0259liyyatlar\u0131na ba\u015flad\u0131 [14] v\u0259 respublika \u0259razisind\u0259 h\u0259rbi v\u0259ziyy\u0259t elan olundu. Sentyabr\u0131n 28-d\u0259 \u00f6lk\u0259d\u0259 qism\u0259n s\u0259f\u0259rb\u0259rlik elan edildi [5].<\/p>\n Az\u0259rbaycan Ordusunun sars\u0131d\u0131c\u0131 z\u0259rb\u0259l\u0259ri qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda duru\u015f g\u0259tir\u0259 bilm\u0259y\u0259n i\u015f\u011fal\u00e7\u0131 \u00f6lk\u0259nin ordusunun m\u00fcdafi\u0259 s\u0259ddi q\u0131sa zaman \u0259rzind\u0259 yar\u0131ld\u0131. Ba\u015flan\u011f\u0131cda bir s\u0131ra k\u0259ndl\u0259ri v\u0259 strateji y\u00fcks\u0259klikl\u0259ri i\u015f\u011faldan azad ed\u0259n ordumuz oktyabr\u0131n 4-d\u0259 C\u0259bray\u0131l\u0131, oktyabr\u0131n 17-d\u0259 F\u00fczulini, oktyabr\u0131n 20-d\u0259 Z\u0259ngilan\u0131, oktyabr\u0131n 25-d\u0259 Qubadl\u0131n\u0131 v\u0259 noyabr\u0131n 8-d\u0259 \u015eu\u015fa \u015f\u0259h\u0259rini i\u015f\u011faldan azad etdi. D\u00f6y\u00fc\u015fl\u0259rin gedi\u015fi zaman\u0131 \u00fcmumilikd\u0259 uzun ill\u0259r i\u015f\u011fal alt\u0131nda olmu\u015f 300-d\u0259k ya\u015fay\u0131\u015f m\u0259nt\u0259q\u0259si, o c\u00fcml\u0259d\u0259n T\u0259rt\u0259r, Xocav\u0259nd v\u0259 Xocal\u0131 rayonlar\u0131n\u0131n b\u00f6y\u00fck bir hiss\u0259si d\u00f6y\u00fc\u015f meydan\u0131nda azad edildi.<\/p>\n 2020-ci ilin noyabr\u0131n 10-da Az\u0259rbaycan Prezidenti \u0130lham \u018fliyev, Erm\u0259nistan Respublikas\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015f naziri Nikol Pa\u015finyan v\u0259 Rusiya Federasiyas\u0131n\u0131n Prezidenti Vladimir Putin t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n imzalanm\u0131\u015f \u00fc\u00e7t\u0259r\u0259fli at\u0259\u015fk\u0259s b\u0259yanat\u0131n\u0131n 9-cu b\u0259ndin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259, b\u00f6lg\u0259d\u0259ki b\u00fct\u00fcn iqtisadi v\u0259 n\u0259qliyyat \u0259laq\u0259l\u0259ri b\u0259rpa edilir, Erm\u0259nistan Respublikas\u0131 v\u0259t\u0259nda\u015flar\u0131n, n\u0259qliyyat vasit\u0259l\u0259rinin v\u0259 y\u00fckl\u0259rin h\u0259r iki istiqam\u0259td\u0259 mane\u0259siz h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259tinin t\u0259\u015fkili m\u0259qs\u0259dil\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan Respublikas\u0131n\u0131n q\u0259rb rayonlar\u0131 v\u0259 Nax\u00e7\u0131van Muxtar Respublikas\u0131 aras\u0131nda n\u0259qliyyat \u0259laq\u0259sinin t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259sizliyin\u0259 z\u0259man\u0259t verir. Bununla yana\u015f\u0131, n\u0259qliyyat \u0259laq\u0259si \u00fczr\u0259 n\u0259zar\u0259ti Rusiyan\u0131n Federal T\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259sizlik Xidm\u0259tinin s\u0259rh\u0259d xidm\u0259tinin orqanlar\u0131 h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irir. T\u0259r\u0259fl\u0259rin raz\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u0259sas\u0131nda Nax\u00e7\u0131van Muxtar Respublikas\u0131 il\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n q\u0259rb rayonlar\u0131n\u0131 birl\u0259\u015fdir\u0259n yeni n\u0259qliyyat kommunikasiyalar\u0131n\u0131n in\u015fas\u0131 t\u0259min edil\u0259c\u0259k.<\/p>\n Nax\u00e7\u0131van Muxtar Respublikas\u0131n\u0131n Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n \u0259sas hiss\u0259si il\u0259 \u0259laq\u0259sinin yarad\u0131lmas\u0131 haqq\u0131nda b\u0259ndin b\u0259yanatda t\u0259sbit edilm\u0259si Az\u0259rbaycan Respublikas\u0131n\u0131n Prezidenti \u0130lham \u018fliyevin t\u0259kidli t\u0259l\u0259bi v\u0259 siyasi irad\u0259si say\u0259sind\u0259\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu. 2020-ci ilin noyabr\u0131n 10-da Az\u0259rbaycan Respublikas\u0131n\u0131n Prezidenti \u0130lham \u018fliyev xalqa m\u00fcraci\u0259ti zaman\u0131 bildirdi ki, Nax\u00e7\u0131van Muxtar Respublikas\u0131n\u0131 Az\u0259rbaycanla, Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n \u0259sas hiss\u0259si il\u0259 quru yollarla birl\u0259\u015fdirm\u0259 istiqam\u0259tind\u0259 tarixi add\u0131m at\u0131ld\u0131. \u201cM\u0259nfur d\u00fc\u015fm\u0259n 1990-c\u0131 ill\u0259rin \u0259vv\u0259ll\u0259rind\u0259 v\u0259 ondan da bir q\u0259d\u0259r \u0259vv\u0259l Nax\u00e7\u0131van\u0131 faktiki olaraq m\u00fchasir\u0259y\u0259 alm\u0131\u015fd\u0131. B\u00fct\u00fcn kommunikasiya x\u0259tl\u0259ri k\u0259sildi, – \u00e7\u00fcnki o vaxt Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n \u0259sas hiss\u0259sind\u0259n oraya enerji resurslar\u0131 \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcrd\u00fc, – faktiki olaraq Nax\u00e7\u0131van Muxtar Respublikas\u0131 \u00e7ox a\u011f\u0131r v\u0259ziyy\u0259td\u0259 qalm\u0131\u015fd\u0131. Eyni zamanda, Erm\u0259nistan \u0259razisind\u0259n oraya h\u00fccumlar da edilirdi\u201d [20]. X\u00fcsusil\u0259 vur\u011fulamaq laz\u0131md\u0131r ki, m\u0259hz Ulu \u00f6nd\u0259r Heyd\u0259r \u018fliyevin c\u0259sar\u0259ti v\u0259 f\u0259aliyy\u0259ti n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 Nax\u00e7\u0131van i\u015f\u011fal alt\u0131na d\u00fc\u015fm\u0259di. Erm\u0259ni vandallar\u0131n\u0131n bel\u0259 planlar\u0131 da var idi.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n Bununla yana\u015f\u0131 qeyd ed\u0259k ki, 10 noyabr tarixind\u0259 imzalanm\u0131\u015f b\u0259yanatdan sonra iqtisadi v\u0259 n\u0259qliyyat \u0259laq\u0259l\u0259rinin blokadadan \u00e7\u0131xar\u0131lmas\u0131 istiqam\u0259tind\u0259 ard\u0131c\u0131l v\u0259 prinsipial f\u0259aliyy\u0259t h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irilmi\u015fdir. 11 yanvar 2021-ci il tarixind\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan Respublikas\u0131n\u0131n Prezidenti \u0130lham \u018fliyev, Erm\u0259nistan Respublikas\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015f naziri Nikol Pa\u015finyan v\u0259 Rusiya Federasiyas\u0131n\u0131n Prezidenti Vladimir Putinin i\u015ftirak\u0131 il\u0259 Moskvada ke\u00e7iril\u0259n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fd\u0259 n\u00f6vb\u0259ti b\u0259yanat imzalanm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r [7]. B\u0259yanata \u0259sas\u0259n regionda b\u00fct\u00fcn iqtisadi v\u0259 n\u0259qliyyat \u0259laq\u0259l\u0259rinin b\u0259rpas\u0131n\u0131n realla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131ndan ir\u0259li g\u0259l\u0259n i\u015fl\u0259rin \u0259sas istiqam\u0259tl\u0259rinin siyah\u0131s\u0131 formala\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lacaq, prioritet qismind\u0259 d\u0259mir yolu v\u0259 avtomobil yollar\u0131 m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n edil\u0259c\u0259k. Eyni zamanda, \u0130\u015f\u00e7i qrupunun h\u0259ms\u0259drl\u0259ri bu istiqam\u0259tl\u0259r \u00fczr\u0259 t\u0259r\u0259fl\u0259rin s\u0259lahiyy\u0259tli hakimiyy\u0259t orqanlar\u0131 v\u0259 t\u0259\u015fkilatlar\u0131n\u0131n v\u0259zif\u0259li \u015f\u0259xsl\u0259rind\u0259n ibar\u0259t ekspert yar\u0131mqruplar\u0131n\u0131n t\u0259rkibini t\u0259sdiq ed\u0259c\u0259kl\u0259r. Az\u0259rbaycan Respublikas\u0131 v\u0259 Erm\u0259nistan Respublikas\u0131 \u0259razisind\u0259n h\u0259yata ke\u00e7iril\u0259n beyn\u0259lxalq da\u015f\u0131malar\u0131n, h\u0259m\u00e7inin Az\u0259rbaycan Respublikas\u0131 v\u0259 Erm\u0259nistan Respublikas\u0131 t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n h\u0259yata ke\u00e7iril\u0259n, yerin\u0259 yetirilm\u0259si zaman\u0131 Az\u0259rbaycan Respublikas\u0131n\u0131n v\u0259 Erm\u0259nistan Respublikas\u0131n\u0131n \u0259razil\u0259rinin k\u0259si\u015fm\u0259si t\u0259l\u0259b olunan da\u015f\u0131malar\u0131n t\u0259\u015fkili, yerin\u0259 yetirilm\u0259si v\u0259 t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259sizliyinin t\u0259min edilm\u0259si \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn z\u0259ruri olan yeni n\u0259qliyyat infrastrukturu obyektl\u0259rinin b\u0259rpas\u0131n\u0131 v\u0259 tikilm\u0259sini n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259 tutan t\u0259dbirl\u0259rin siyah\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 v\u0259 realla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 qrafikini T\u0259r\u0259fl\u0259rin y\u00fcks\u0259k s\u0259viyy\u0259d\u0259 t\u0259sdiql\u0259m\u0259si \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn t\u0259qdim ed\u0259c\u0259k.<\/p>\n Daha sonra 11 yanvar 2021-ci il tarixind\u0259 imzalanm\u0131\u015f b\u0259yanat\u0131n 1-ci b\u0259ndind\u0259 qeyd olunmu\u015f \u0130\u015f\u00e7i qrupu Moskvada C\u0259nubi Qafqazda n\u0259qliyyat kommunikasiyalar\u0131n\u0131n in\u015fas\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fczakir\u0259 edilm\u0259si \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn Az\u0259rbaycan, Rusiya v\u0259 Erm\u0259nistan ba\u015f nazirl\u0259rinin m\u00fcavinl\u0259rinin \u00fc\u00e7t\u0259r\u0259fli g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc ke\u00e7irilmi\u015fdir. 2021-ci ilin yanvar\u0131n 30-da ke\u00e7irilmi\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fd\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n \u015eahin Mustafayev, Rusiyadan Aleksey Over\u00e7uk, Erm\u0259nistandan is\u0259 Mher Qriqoryan i\u015ftirak etmi\u015fdir. \u00dc\u00e7t\u0259r\u0259fli i\u015f\u00e7i qrupun iclas\u0131 zaman\u0131 Az\u0259rbaycan Respublikas\u0131 Prezidentinin, Erm\u0259nistan Respublikas\u0131 ba\u015f nazirinin v\u0259 Rusiya Federasiyas\u0131 Prezidentinin 10 noyabr 2020-ci il tarixli B\u0259yanat\u0131n\u0131n 9-cu b\u0259ndinin icras\u0131ndan ir\u0259li g\u0259l\u0259n birg\u0259 \u0259sas i\u015fin istiqam\u0259tl\u0259ri, habel\u0259 11 yanvar 2021-ci il tarixli B\u0259yanat\u0131n 2, 3, 4-c\u00fc b\u0259ndl\u0259ri m\u00fczakir\u0259 edilmi\u015fdir [16].<\/p>\n 2021-ci ilin fevral\u0131n 12-d\u0259 is\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan, Rusiya v\u0259 Erm\u0259nistan ba\u015f nazirl\u0259rinin m\u00fcavinl\u0259rinin videoformatda g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc ke\u00e7irilmi\u015fdir. \u0130clasda Qaraba\u011f v\u0259 onun \u0259traf\u0131nda t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259sizlik, h\u0259m\u00e7inin b\u00f6lg\u0259d\u0259ki kommunikasiya x\u0259tl\u0259rinin a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259ri m\u00fczakir\u0259 edilmi\u015fdir [8].<\/p>\n Horadiz-A\u011fb\u0259nd d\u0259mir yolunun realla\u015fmas\u0131 b\u00fct\u00fcn regionun inki\u015faf\u0131na t\u00f6hf\u0259 ver\u0259c\u0259k. Z\u0259ng\u0259zur d\u0259hlizinin \u0259sas elementl\u0259rind\u0259n biri olacaq bu d\u0259mir yolu x\u0259ttinin qurulmas\u0131 il\u0259 Bak\u0131-Tbilisi-Qarsdan sonra Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131 T\u00fcrkiy\u0259 il\u0259 birl\u0259\u015fdir\u0259n ikinci d\u0259mir yolu \u015f\u0259b\u0259k\u0259si yaranacaq. Art\u0131q d\u0259mir yolunun in\u015fas\u0131 il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 i\u015fl\u0259r s\u00fcr\u0259tl\u0259 davam etm\u0259kd\u0259dir. Haz\u0131rda Horadizd\u0259n ba\u015flayaraq Z\u0259ngilan rayonunun A\u011fb\u0259nd q\u0259s\u0259b\u0259sin\u0259d\u0259k uzanan d\u0259mir yolu x\u0259tti yenid\u0259n tikilir. Qeyd ed\u0259k ki, Horadiz-A\u011fb\u0259nd d\u0259mir yolu x\u0259ttinin ox \u00fczr\u0259 uzunlu\u011fu 110,4 kilometr\u0259 b\u0259rab\u0259rdir. Birx\u0259tli d\u0259mir yolu 8 stansiyadan ibar\u0259t olacaq, h\u0259m\u00e7inin layih\u0259 \u00e7\u0259r\u00e7iv\u0259sind\u0259 \u00fcmumilikd\u0259 300-d\u0259n art\u0131q s\u00fcni m\u00fch\u0259ndis qur\u011fusunun tikintisi planla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. Qeyd ed\u0259k ki, sovet d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259 d\u0259mir yolu x\u0259tti f\u0259aliyy\u0259t g\u00f6st\u0259rirdi. Horadiz stansiyas\u0131 il\u0259 yana\u015f\u0131, dig\u0259r yeddi stansiya – M\u0259rcanl\u0131, Mahmudlu, Soltanl\u0131, Qumlaq, Mincivan, Bartaz v\u0259 A\u011fb\u0259nd stansiyalar\u0131 tamamil\u0259 yenid\u0259n tikil\u0259c\u0259k. D\u0259mir yolu x\u0259tti b\u00fct\u00f6vl\u00fckd\u0259 dron vasit\u0259sil\u0259 topoqrafik plana al\u0131n\u0131b, konseptual plan\u0131 haz\u0131rlan\u0131b. Haz\u0131rda minalardan t\u0259mizl\u0259nmi\u015f 40 kilometrlik hiss\u0259sind\u0259 torpaq yata\u011f\u0131n\u0131n haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131, h\u0259m\u00e7inin s\u00fcni qur\u011fular\u0131n tikintisi h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irilir. Art\u0131q 21 kilometrlik hiss\u0259d\u0259 torpaq yata\u011f\u0131 haz\u0131rlan\u0131b, qaya da\u015f\u0131 v\u0259 \u00e7\u0131nq\u0131l materiallar\u0131 t\u00f6k\u00fcl\u00fcb. 3 kilometr hiss\u0259d\u0259 relsl\u0259r qoyulub. Eyni zamanda, s\u00fcni qur\u011fular\u0131n, o c\u00fcml\u0259d\u0259n k\u00f6rp\u00fc v\u0259 d\u0259mir-beton borular\u0131n tikintisi apar\u0131l\u0131r. Horadiz-A\u011fb\u0259nd d\u0259mir yolu x\u0259ttinin yenid\u0259n qurulmas\u0131 i\u015fl\u0259ri tamamlanmaq \u00fczr\u0259dir. B\u00f6y\u00fck strateji \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259ti olan Horadiz-A\u011fb\u0259nd d\u0259mir yolu x\u0259ttinin in\u015fas\u0131 i\u015f\u011faldan azad edilmi\u015f \u0259razil\u0259rimizin iqtisadi potensial\u0131na b\u00f6y\u00fck t\u00f6hf\u0259 ver\u0259c\u0259k. D\u0259mir yolu i\u015f\u011faldan azad edilmi\u015f torpaqlara h\u0259m v\u0259t\u0259nda\u015flar\u0131n gedi\u015f-g\u0259li\u015fi, h\u0259m d\u0259 y\u00fckl\u0259rin da\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn b\u00f6y\u00fck \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259t\u0259 malik olacaq. Bununla da Az\u0259rbaycan v\u0259 onun ayr\u0131lmaz hiss\u0259si olan Nax\u00e7\u0131van Muxtar Respublikas\u0131 d\u0259mir yolu il\u0259 bir-birin\u0259 ba\u011flanacaq v\u0259 bel\u0259likl\u0259, \u00f6lk\u0259mizin strateji, iqtisadi v\u0259 siyasi m\u0259qs\u0259dl\u0259ri h\u0259yata ke\u00e7iril\u0259c\u0259k.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n N\u0259tic\u0259<\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n Son ill\u0259rd\u0259 C\u0259nubi Qafqazda ba\u015f ver\u0259n dinamika regionda adi g\u00fcc balans\u0131n\u0131 d\u0259yi\u015fib. Qaraba\u011f m\u00fcnaqi\u015f\u0259sinin Rusiyan\u0131n vasit\u0259\u00e7iliyi il\u0259 h\u0259lli il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7t\u0259r\u0259fli b\u0259yanat\u0131n imzalanmas\u0131 bir t\u0259r\u0259fd\u0259n yeni imkanlar a\u00e7d\u0131, dig\u0259r t\u0259r\u0259fd\u0259n b\u0259zi regional v\u0259 qeyri-regional \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259r \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn yeni riskl\u0259r yaratd\u0131 (bunlar\u0131n aras\u0131nda ilk n\u00f6vb\u0259d\u0259 Fransa, \u0130ran v\u0259 Hindistan\u0131 ay\u0131rmaq laz\u0131md\u0131r).<\/p>\n T\u0259bii ki, yeni imkanlar dedikd\u0259, ilk n\u00f6vb\u0259d\u0259, iqtisadi inki\u015faf v\u0259 n\u0259qliyyat-logistika layih\u0259l\u0259rinin h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irilm\u0259si yolu il\u0259 qlobal qar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ql\u0131 f\u0259aliyy\u0259tin yeni s\u0259viyy\u0259sin\u0259 \u00e7\u0131xmaq n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259 tutulur. M\u00f6vcud geosiyasi \u015f\u0259raitd\u0259, Q\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 d\u0259nizd\u0259ki b\u00f6hran d\u0259niz y\u00fck da\u015f\u0131malar\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn bir problem hal\u0131na g\u0259ldikd\u0259, Qaraba\u011f m\u00fcnaqi\u015f\u0259si ba\u015fa \u00e7atd\u0131qdan sonra “\u00e7e\u015fidi” xeyli geni\u015fl\u0259nmi\u015f quru mar\u015frutlar\u0131na ke\u00e7id m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259si aktualla\u015fd\u0131. \u018fg\u0259r \u0259vv\u0259ll\u0259r Hindistan, \u0130ran, Erm\u0259nistan, G\u00fcrc\u00fcstan \u0259razisind\u0259n ke\u00e7\u0259n v\u0259 Qara d\u0259niz\u0259, oradan da Avropaya \u00e7\u0131xan “C\u0259nub d\u0259hlizi” v\u0259 ya “Fars k\u00f6rf\u0259zi – Qara d\u0259niz” d\u0259hlizinin Az\u0259rbaycan v\u0259 Erm\u0259nistan\u0131n d\u00f6y\u00fc\u015f apard\u0131\u011f\u0131 zonan\u0131n bloklanmas\u0131 s\u0259b\u0259bind\u0259n r\u0259qibl\u0259ri yox idis\u0259, indi v\u0259ziyy\u0259t tamamil\u0259 f\u0259rqlidir. Bak\u0131 v\u0259 \u0130r\u0259van\u0131n Az\u0259rbaycanla Nax\u00e7\u0131van\u0131 birl\u0259\u015fdirm\u0259yi n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259 tutan n\u0259qliyyat x\u0259tti il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 madd\u0259ni s\u00fclh sazi\u015fi layih\u0259sind\u0259n \u00e7\u0131xarmas\u0131 da g\u00f6st\u0259rir ki, Z\u0259ng\u0259zur d\u0259hlizinin a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 s\u00fclh m\u00fcqavil\u0259sinin imzalanmas\u0131ndan sonrak\u0131 m\u0259rh\u0259l\u0259d\u0259 dan\u0131\u015f\u0131qlar m\u00f6vzusu olacaqd\u0131r.<\/p>\n Apar\u0131lan t\u0259dqiqat da g\u00f6st\u0259rir ki, m\u00fcasir d\u00f6vrd\u0259 beyn\u0259lxalq n\u0259qliyyat d\u0259hlizl\u0259rinin m\u00fch\u00fcm \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259ti vard\u0131r. D\u00fcnyada davam ed\u0259n m\u00fcharib\u0259l\u0259r, da\u011f\u0131d\u0131c\u0131 f\u0259lak\u0259tl\u0259r, humanitar b\u00f6hranlar n\u0259qliyyat d\u0259hlizl\u0259rinin i\u015find\u0259 l\u0259ngim\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 v\u0259 probleml\u0259r\u0259 yol a\u00e7\u0131r. Bu bax\u0131mdan n\u0259qliyyat ax\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n diversifikasiyas\u0131na ehtiyac hiss olunmaqdad\u0131r. M\u0259hz buna g\u00f6r\u0259 Z\u0259ng\u0259zur d\u0259hlizinin a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 h\u0259m C\u0259nubi Qafqazda s\u00fclh\u00fcn dayan\u0131ql\u0131 olmas\u0131na, h\u0259m d\u0259 b\u00f6y\u00fck co\u011frafiyada \u0259m\u0259kda\u015fl\u0131\u011fa, t\u0259r\u0259qqiy\u0259 v\u0259 xalqlar\u0131n rifah hal\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fcks\u0259lm\u0259sin\u0259, d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259raras\u0131 m\u00fcnasib\u0259tin yax\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131na s\u0259b\u0259b olacaqd\u0131r.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u0130ST\u0130FAD\u018f ED\u0130LM\u0130\u015e \u018fD\u018fB\u0130YYAT<\/strong><\/p>\n \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n Az\u0259rbaycan dilind\u0259: <\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n Rus dilind\u0259: <\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u0130ngilis dilind\u0259: <\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n Ilyas Huseynov<\/strong><\/p>\n SIGNIFICANCE OF ZANGEZUR CORRIDOR IN CONTEXT OF <\/strong>INTERNATIONAL TRANSPORT CORRIDORS<\/strong><\/p>\n \u00a0<\/strong>Abstract<\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n This article examines the importance of the Zangezur Corridor in the context of international transport corridors. It highlights the growing significance of such corridors in contemporary times, with global power centers striving to control transport flows.<\/p>\n Following the Patriotic War (Second Karabakh War) and the anti-terror operation, Azerbaijan, leveraging its geostrategic position, has fostered cooperation between the South Caucasus and Central Asia, aiming to capitalize on the vast potential for transport and communication links. Additionally, collaboration between East and West in energy and transport sectors is essential for promoting peace, security, stability, and sustainable development across a broad region.<\/p>\n The article argues that, after the Patriotic War, new opportunities for development and progress have emerged in the South Caucasus, with the “3+3” format facilitating regional consultations. In this context, the opening of the Zangezur Corridor will further strengthen the region’s security architecture.<\/p>\n The author also illustrates, through examples and facts, how sanctions and restrictions imposed on Russia due to the Russian-Ukrainian war, as well as conflicts in the Middle East, have disrupted supply chains, including attacks on merchant ships and delays in logistics. These factors have increased the importance of the Middle Corridor and the Zangezur Corridor, which are crucial for connecting Central Asia and the South Caucasus.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Keywords: <\/strong>transport corridors, Zangezur Corridor, East-West transport links, transport-communication links, transport arteries, Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic, Iran, Armenia, T\u00fcrkiye, Middle Corridor, China, Belt and Road Initiative<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n \u0418\u043b\u044c\u044f\u0441 \u0413\u0443\u0441\u0435\u0439\u043d\u043e\u0432<\/strong><\/p>\n \u0417\u041d\u0410\u0427\u0415\u041d\u0418\u0415 \u0417\u0410\u041d\u0413\u0415\u0417\u0423\u0420\u0421\u041a\u041e\u0413\u041e \u041a\u041e\u0420\u0418\u0414\u041e\u0420\u0410 \u0412 \u041a\u041e\u041d\u0422\u0415\u041a\u0421\u0422\u0415 <\/strong>\u041c\u0415\u0416\u0414\u0423\u041d\u0410\u0420\u041e\u0414\u041d\u042b\u0425 \u0422\u0420\u0410\u041d\u0421\u041f\u041e\u0420\u0422\u041d\u042b\u0425 \u041a\u041e\u0420\u0418\u0414\u041e\u0420\u041e\u0412<\/strong><\/p>\n \u00a0<\/strong>\u0420\u0435\u0437\u044e\u043c\u0435<\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u0412 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0440\u043e\u043b\u044c \u0417\u0430\u043d\u0433\u0435\u0437\u0443\u0440\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0434\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u0432 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432 (\u041c\u0422\u041a). \u0412 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0443\u044e \u044d\u043f\u043e\u0445\u0443 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043c\u0430\u0440\u0448\u0440\u0443\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043b\u043e, \u0438 \u0433\u043b\u043e\u0431\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u044b \u0441\u0438\u043b\u044b \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u0438.<\/p>\n \u0410\u0437\u0435\u0440\u0431\u0430\u0439\u0434\u0436\u0430\u043d, \u0432\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u044e \u0442\u0435\u0440\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0443\u044e 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\u041a\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0430\u0437\u043e\u043c \u0438 \u0426\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0410\u0437\u0438\u0435\u0439. \u041e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0435 \u0432\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0443\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u0438\u044e \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u043d\u043e-\u043a\u043e\u043c\u043c\u0443\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0435\u0439. \u041a\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0412\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0438 \u0417\u0430\u043f\u0430\u0434\u043e\u043c \u0432 \u044d\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0438 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0445 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u043c\u0438\u0440\u0430, \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0438 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0439\u0447\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u043e\u0431\u0448\u0438\u0440\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0435.<\/p>\n \u0410\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u043e\u0442\u043c\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u041e\u0442\u0435\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u043e\u0439\u043d\u044b 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![\"\"](\"https:\/\/socialresearchjournal.az\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/pdfdown-212x300.jpg\")
<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"