Bak\u0131 D\u00f6vl\u0259t Universitetinin Sosiologiya kafedras\u0131n\u0131n doktorant\u0131<\/em><\/p>\n (Bak\u0131, Az\u0259rbaycan)<\/em><\/p>\n \u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n Email: maftuna_i@mail.ru<\/em><\/p>\n UOT 316<\/em><\/p>\n \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n X\u00fclas\u0259. <\/strong>M\u00fcxt\u0259lif \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 m\u0259i\u015f\u0259t zorak\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 hallar\u0131n\u0131n f\u0259rqli x\u00fcsusiyy\u0259tl\u0259rinin t\u0259zah\u00fcr\u00fc c\u0259miyy\u0259td\u0259 h\u0259l\u0259 d\u0259 patriarxal m\u00fcnasib\u0259tl\u0259rin \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck t\u0259\u015fkil etdiyini g\u00f6st\u0259rir. Ki\u015fil\u0259rin \u00f6z \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fckl\u0259rin\u0259 \u00f6zl\u0259rini inand\u0131rmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn n\u00fcmayi\u015f etdirdikl\u0259ri fiziki v\u0259 psixoloji \u015fidd\u0259t \u0259slind\u0259 c\u0259miyy\u0259tin m\u0259n\u0259vi kasadl\u0131\u011f\u0131 v\u0259 iqtisadi z\u0259ifliyi il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n D\u00fcnya t\u0259cr\u00fcb\u0259sind\u0259 m\u0259i\u015f\u0259t zorak\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na qar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fcdafi\u0259 t\u0259dbirl\u0259rinin ara\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 bu istiqam\u0259td\u0259 \u00f6lk\u0259mizd\u0259 apar\u0131lan i\u015fin keyfiyy\u0259tinin y\u00fcks\u0259lm\u0259sin\u0259 k\u00f6m\u0259klik g\u00f6st\u0259r\u0259 bil\u0259r.<\/p>\n \u00a0<\/strong>A\u00e7ar s\u00f6zl\u0259r: <\/strong>m\u0259i\u015f\u0259t zorak\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131, gender b\u0259rab\u0259rsizliyi, qurban, yard\u0131m modeli, iqtisadi gerilik<\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n G\u0130R\u0130\u015e<\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u015e\u0259rq v\u0259 Q\u0259rb \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 sosial m\u00fcnasib\u0259tl\u0259rd\u0259ki f\u0259rqlilik gender b\u0259rab\u0259rsizliyi v\u0259 \u015fidd\u0259tin t\u0259zah\u00fcr\u00fcnd\u0259 d\u0259 \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc b\u00fcruz\u0259 verir. M\u0259d\u0259ni m\u00fcxt\u0259liflikl\u0259 yana\u015f\u0131 iqtisadi inki\u015faf s\u0259viyy\u0259si d\u0259 ail\u0259daxili m\u00fcnaqi\u015f\u0259l\u0259rin ba\u015fl\u0131ca s\u0259b\u0259bin\u0259 \u00e7evril\u0259 bilir. M\u0259lum olmu\u015fdur ki, m\u0259i\u015f\u0259t zorak\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na m\u0259ruz qalan qad\u0131nlar\u0131n 37%-i a\u015fa\u011f\u0131g\u0259lirli \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 ya\u015fay\u0131r. Okeaniyada – 51%, Maleneziya v\u0259 Mikroneziyada – 41%, Polineziyada – 39%, C\u0259nubi Asiyada – 35%, Sub-Sahara Afrikas\u0131nda \u2013 33%, \u015eimali Afrikada – 30%, Q\u0259rbi Asiyada – 29%, \u015eimali Amerikada – 25%, Avstraliya v\u0259 Yeni Zelandiyada – 23%, Lat\u0131n Amerikas\u0131 v\u0259 Karib h\u00f6vz\u0259sind\u0259 – 25%, \u015eimali Avropada -23%, C\u0259nub-\u015e\u0259rqi Asiyada – 21%, Q\u0259rbi Avropada – 21%, \u015e\u0259rqi Asiyada – 20%, \u015e\u0259rqi Avropada – 20%, M\u0259rk\u0259zi Asiyada – 18%, C\u0259nubi Avropada – 16% qad\u0131n \u00f6z intim partnyoru t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n m\u0259i\u015f\u0259t zorak\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na m\u0259ruz qal\u0131r [10].<\/p>\n \u00dcmumd\u00fcnya S\u0259hiyy\u0259 T\u0259\u015fkilat\u0131n\u0131n t\u0259qdim etdiyi statistik ara\u015fd\u0131rmalar\u0131n yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 c\u0259dv\u0259l\u0259 \u0259sas\u0259n, M\u0259rk\u0259zi Sub-Afrika Saxaras\u0131nda \u2013 65,64%, Q\u0259rbi Afrika Sub-Saxaras\u0131nda \u2013 41,75%, C\u0259nubi Asiya \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 – 41,73%, Lat\u0131n Amerikas\u0131 v\u0259 And b\u00f6lg\u0259sind\u0259 – 40,63%, \u015e\u0259rqi Sub-Afrika Saxaras\u0131nda \u2013 38,83%, \u015eimali Afrika\/Yax\u0131n \u015e\u0259rq regionunda \u2013 35,38%, Okeaniya b\u00f6lg\u0259sind\u0259 – 35,27% g\u00f6st\u0259rici il\u0259 qad\u0131nlar m\u0259i\u015f\u0259t zorak\u0131l\u0131\u011fna m\u0259ruz qal\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n Y\u00fcks\u0259kg\u0259lirli regionlar kimi Asiya Sakit Okean v\u0259 \u015eimali Amerika \u0259razil\u0259ri qeyd edilib. Lakin m\u0259i\u015f\u0259t zorak\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 Asiya Sakit Okean regionunda \u2013 28,45%, \u015eimali Amerikada is\u0259 21,32% qeyd\u0259 al\u0131n\u0131b. \u015e\u0259rqi Asiyada \u2013 16,30%, Q\u0259rbi Avropada \u2013 19,30% il\u0259 m\u0259i\u015f\u0259t zorak\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 hallar\u0131 g\u00f6st\u0259rilib ki, bu da \u0259n a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 faizdir.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n D\u00fcnyan\u0131n inki\u015faf etmi\u015f \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259n olan AB\u015e-da qad\u0131n q\u0259tll\u0259rinin 50%-d\u0259n \u00e7oxu ke\u00e7mi\u015f v\u0259 ya indiki intim partnyorlar\u0131 t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n t\u00f6r\u0259dilir. Burada m\u0259i\u015f\u0259t zorak\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 kontekstind\u0259 bo\u011fulma b\u00f6y\u00fck diqq\u0259t \u00e7\u0259kmi\u015fdir. M\u0259i\u015f\u0259t zorak\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u0259n \u00f6l\u00fcmc\u00fcl formalar\u0131ndan biri, lakin xarici travman\u0131n olmamas\u0131, el\u0259c\u0259 d\u0259 \u0259razid\u0259 sosial m\u0259lumatl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n v\u0259 tibbi t\u0259limin z\u0259ifliyi s\u0259b\u0259bind\u0259n bo\u011fulma \u00e7ox vaxt gizli problem olaraq qal\u0131r. Son ill\u0259rd\u0259 AB\u015e-\u0131n bir \u00e7ox \u015ftatlar\u0131 bo\u011fulma \u0259leyhin\u0259 x\u00fcsusi qanunlar q\u0259bul edibl\u0259r [11].<\/p>\n B\u00f6y\u00fck Britaniyada \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcl\u0259n qad\u0131nlar\u0131n 37%-i h\u0259yat yolda\u015f\u0131 t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n q\u0259tl\u0259 yetirilir, qad\u0131nlar t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n h\u0259yat yolda\u015f\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclm\u0259si 6% t\u0259\u015fkil edir. Kanada, Avstraliya, C\u0259nubi Afrika, \u0130srail v\u0259 AB\u015e-da q\u0259tl\u0259 yetiril\u0259n qad\u0131nlar\u0131n 40-70%-i intim partnyoru t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcb [22, s. 103\u2013104].<\/p>\n R\u0259q\u0259ml\u0259r m\u0259i\u015f\u0259t zorak\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda iqtisadi amilin t\u0259sirli rola malik oldu\u011funu g\u00f6st\u0259rs\u0259 d\u0259, bu v\u0259ziyy\u0259tin tez bir zamanda aradan qald\u0131r\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 bir q\u0259d\u0259r \u015f\u00fcbh\u0259lidir.<\/p>\n C\u0259nubi Asiya \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 – 41,73% t\u0259\u015fkil ed\u0259n m\u0259i\u015f\u0259t zorak\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u0259linin yand\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 v\u0259 ya cehiz \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclm\u0259si kimi xarakteriz\u0259 edilir. Yeni evl\u0259nmi\u015f qad\u0131n\u0131n \u0259ri v\u0259 ya \u0259rinin ail\u0259si t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n veril\u0259n cehizd\u0259n naraz\u0131 olduqlar\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn evd\u0259 \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclm\u0259si fiziki zorak\u0131l\u0131q formas\u0131 kimi t\u0259zah\u00fcr edir v\u0259 \u00e7ox zaman nikahdan sonra cehiz t\u0259l\u0259b edilm\u0259sinin n\u0259tic\u0259si kimi meydana \u00e7\u0131x\u0131r. Cehizl\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 zorak\u0131l\u0131q \u0259n \u00e7ox C\u0259nubi Asiyada, x\u00fcsus\u0259n d\u0259 Hindistanda yay\u0131l\u0131b. 2011-ci ild\u0259 Hindistan\u0131n Milli Cinay\u0259t Qeydiyyat\u0131 B\u00fcrosu cehizl\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 8618 n\u0259f\u0259rin \u00f6ld\u00fcy\u00fcn\u00fc bildirs\u0259 d\u0259, qeyri-r\u0259smi m\u0259nb\u0259l\u0259r bu r\u0259q\u0259min \u0259n az\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7 d\u0259f\u0259 y\u00fcks\u0259k oldu\u011funu g\u00f6st\u0259rir [20, s.41-43].<\/p>\n Yax\u0131n \u015e\u0259rqd\u0259 v\u0259 d\u00fcnyan\u0131n dig\u0259r yerl\u0259rind\u0259 planla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f m\u0259i\u015f\u0259t v\u0259 ya namus q\u0259tll\u0259ri qurban\u0131n ail\u0259ni v\u0259 ya c\u0259miyy\u0259ti \u015f\u0259r\u0259fsizl\u0259\u015fdirdiyin\u0259 \u0259minlik \u0259sas\u0131nda t\u00f6r\u0259dilir, qad\u0131n\u0131n nikahdan \u0259vv\u0259l bakir\u0259 olaca\u011f\u0131 il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 g\u00fccl\u00fc sosial g\u00f6zl\u0259ntil\u0259rin oldu\u011fu yerl\u0259rd\u0259 toy gec\u0259si qan olmamas\u0131 s\u0259b\u0259bind\u0259n g\u0259lin ifrat zorak\u0131l\u0131\u011fa, o c\u00fcml\u0259d\u0259n \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclm\u0259y\u0259 m\u0259ruz qala bil\u0259r [19, s.41 \u2013 43].<\/p>\n Namus cinay\u0259tl\u0259ri t\u0259kc\u0259 m\u00fcs\u0259lman d\u00fcnyas\u0131 il\u0259 m\u0259hdudla\u015fm\u0131r, onlar Braziliya, Hindistan, Pakistan v\u0259 Albaniya kimi \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 ba\u015f verir, lakin bu c\u00fcr hallar Yax\u0131n \u015e\u0259rq v\u0259 C\u0259nubi Asiyada, b\u0259z\u0259n C\u0259nubi Amerika v\u0259 M\u0259rk\u0259zi Asiyada, el\u0259c\u0259 d\u0259 Avropadak\u0131 miqrantlar aras\u0131nda m\u00fc\u015fahid\u0259 verir [12].<\/p>\n Afrika, Asiya v\u0259 Sakit okean adalar\u0131nda sehrbazl\u0131q\/cadug\u0259rlik etm\u0259kd\u0259 g\u00fcnahland\u0131r\u0131lan qad\u0131nlar\u0131n \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclm\u0259sinin \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tli bir hadis\u0259 oldu\u011fu bildirilir. M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, Papua Yeni Qvineyada sehrl\u0259, cadug\u0259rlikl\u0259 m\u0259\u015f\u011ful olmaqda ittiham olunan t\u0259xmin\u0259n 500 qad\u0131na i\u015fg\u0259nc\u0259 verilm\u0259si v\u0259 \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclm\u0259si hallar\u0131 m\u0259lumdur [9].<\/p>\n Afrikada qad\u0131nlar\u0131n s\u00fcnn\u0259ti deyil\u0259n ad\u0259t geni\u015f yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r ki, bu da qad\u0131n\u0131n ist\u0259yind\u0259n as\u0131l\u0131 olmayaraq h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irilir v\u0259 art\u0131q min ill\u0259rdir ki, \u0259n\u0259n\u0259vi olaraq davam etdirilir. Qad\u0131n s\u00fcnn\u0259ti d\u0259 cinsi zorak\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n bir n\u00f6v\u00fcdur. Qad\u0131n s\u00fcnn\u0259ti \u00dcST t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n \u201cqad\u0131n xarici cinsiyy\u0259t orqan\u0131n\u0131n qism\u0259n v\u0259 ya tam \u00e7\u0131xar\u0131lmas\u0131 v\u0259 ya tibbi olmayan s\u0259b\u0259bl\u0259rd\u0259n qad\u0131n cinsiyy\u0259t orqanlar\u0131n\u0131n dig\u0259r z\u0259d\u0259l\u0259nm\u0259sini n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259 tutan b\u00fct\u00fcn prosedurlar\u201d kimi m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n edilmi\u015fdir. Bu prosedur 125 milyondan \u00e7ox qad\u0131n \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irilib, Afrika v\u0259 Yax\u0131n \u015e\u0259rqin 29 \u00f6lk\u0259sind\u0259 g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczd\u0259 d\u0259 h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irilm\u0259kd\u0259dir [19]. M\u0259lumdur ki, Avropa \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 m\u0259skunla\u015fan miqrantlar aras\u0131nda qad\u0131n s\u00fcnn\u0259ti \u0259n\u0259n\u0259sinin davam etdirildiyi m\u0259lumdur.<\/p>\n Qad\u0131n s\u00fcnn\u0259ti c\u0259rrahi yolla h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irilir v\u0259 Q\u0259rb \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 qeyri-qanuni elan edilmi\u015fdir, lakin Afrika v\u0259 \u0130slam \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259, el\u0259c\u0259 d\u0259 miqrantlar aras\u0131nda t\u0259tbiq olunmaqdad\u0131r. Eyni t\u0259cr\u00fcb\u0259 \u015eimali Qafqazda, Da\u011f\u0131standa da dinl\u0259 \u0259laq\u0259li bir ayin kimi qorunub saxlan\u0131lm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r, m\u0259qs\u0259d qad\u0131na n\u0259zar\u0259t v\u0259 onun seksuall\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n m\u0259hdudla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Da\u011f\u0131stan Respublikas\u0131nda qad\u0131n s\u00fcnn\u0259tinin h\u0259l\u0259 d\u0259 m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n xalqlar aras\u0131nda qorunub saxlan\u0131lmas\u0131, bir s\u0131ra ziddiyy\u0259tli s\u0259b\u0259bl\u0259rl\u0259 – qad\u0131nlar\u0131n cinsi \u0259laq\u0259sini m\u0259hdudla\u015fd\u0131rmaq, atal\u0131q m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259sind\u0259 \u0259minlik, el\u0259c\u0259 d\u0259 nizaml\u0131 c\u0259miyy\u0259t\u0259 ehtiyacla \u0259laq\u0259l\u0259ndirilir. Bel\u0259 hesab edilir ki, qad\u0131n\u0131n qeyri-m\u0259hdud cins\u0259lliyi xaosa s\u0259b\u0259b ola v\u0259 ictimai nizam\u0131 poza bil\u0259r [15].<\/p>\n Qad\u0131nlara qar\u015f\u0131 m\u0259i\u015f\u0259t zorak\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 m\u00fcxt\u0259lif s\u0259b\u0259b v\u0259 b\u0259han\u0259l\u0259r alt\u0131nda t\u0259tbiq edilir. M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, Albaniya, Bosniya v\u0259 Herseqovina, Monteneqro, \u015eimali Makedoniya, Serbiya, Moldova v\u0259 Ukraynada apar\u0131lan t\u0259dqiqatlar n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 15 ya\u015f\u0131ndan yuxar\u0131 qad\u0131nlar\u0131n 70%-nin intim partnyoru v\u0259 ya partnyoru olmayan \u015f\u0259xs t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n hans\u0131sa formada cinsi q\u0131snama, t\u0259cav\u00fcz v\u0259 zorak\u0131l\u0131\u011fa m\u0259ruz qald\u0131\u011f\u0131 m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n edilmi\u015fdir.<\/p>\n 2018-ci il hesabat\u0131na \u0259sas\u0259n, Avropa \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259ri aras\u0131nda qad\u0131n q\u0259tlinin 38%-i ail\u0259 \u00fczvl\u0259ri, 29%-i is\u0259 intim partnyorlar t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n t\u00f6r\u0259dilib. \u00dcmumi adam \u00f6ld\u00fcrm\u0259 nisb\u0259tl\u0259rinin a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 oldu\u011fu \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 bel\u0259, femisid (qad\u0131n \u00f6ld\u00fcrm\u0259) \u0259m\u0259ll\u0259rinin \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tli bir hiss\u0259si ki\u015fi intim partnyorlar t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n t\u00f6r\u0259dilir. B\u0259zi \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 qad\u0131n \u00f6ld\u00fcrm\u0259 nisb\u0259tl\u0259ri x\u00fcsusil\u0259 y\u00fcks\u0259kdir. M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, Avropa v\u0259 \u015eimali Amerika \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259ri aras\u0131nda Rusiya Federasiyas\u0131nda qad\u0131nlar\u0131n q\u0259sd\u0259n \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclm\u0259 nisb\u0259ti \u0259halinin h\u0259r 100000 n\u0259f\u0259rin\u0259 7,3 t\u0259\u015fkil edir ki, bu da regionda \u0259n y\u00fcks\u0259k g\u00f6st\u0259ricidir [21].<\/p>\n \u0130taliyada 2014-c\u00fc ild\u0259 apar\u0131lan ara\u015fd\u0131rmaya g\u00f6r\u0259, 6778000 qad\u0131n h\u0259m fiziki, h\u0259m d\u0259 cinsi zorak\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n h\u0259r hans\u0131 formada qurban\u0131 olmu\u015fdur. Onlar aras\u0131nda indiki intim partnyoru v\u0259 ya h\u0259yat yolda\u015f\u0131 t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n 5,5%-i (855 000) qad\u0131n v\u0259 ke\u00e7mi\u015f partnyoru v\u0259 ya h\u0259yat yolda\u015f\u0131 t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n 18,8%-i (2 milyon 44) qad\u0131n cinsi zorak\u0131l\u0131\u011fa m\u0259ruz qalm\u0131\u015flar. Qad\u0131nlardan 26,5%-i haz\u0131rk\u0131 intim partnyoru v\u0259 ya h\u0259yat yolda\u015f\u0131, 46,1 %-i ke\u00e7mi\u015f intim partnyoru v\u0259 ya h\u0259yat yolda\u015f\u0131 t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n psixoloji v\u0259 iqtisadi zorak\u0131l\u0131\u011fa m\u0259ruz qalm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r [17].<\/p>\n Rusiyal\u0131 t\u0259dqiqat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n ara\u015fd\u0131rmalar\u0131na \u0259sas\u0259n, son on illikd\u0259 Rusiya m\u0259i\u015f\u0259t zorak\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n artmas\u0131, qad\u0131n v\u0259 u\u015faqlar\u0131n ail\u0259 konfliktl\u0259ri z\u0259minind\u0259 zorak\u0131l\u0131\u011fa m\u0259ruz qalmas\u0131 \u00fczr\u0259 lider yerd\u0259dir. Rusiyada m\u0259i\u015f\u0259t zorak\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 qurbanlar\u0131n\u0131n say\u0131 Fransa v\u0259 B\u00f6y\u00fck Britaniya il\u0259 m\u00fcqayis\u0259d\u0259 40-50 d\u0259f\u0259, AB\u015e il\u0259 m\u00fcqayis\u0259d\u0259 16 d\u0259f\u0259, Pakistanla m\u00fcqayis\u0259d\u0259 7 d\u0259f\u0259 \u00e7ox olmu\u015fdur [13].<\/p>\n Belorusda m\u0259i\u015f\u0259t zorak\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na m\u0259ruz qald\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6r\u0259 \u015fikay\u0259t ed\u0259n qad\u0131n\u0131 valideyn h\u00fcquqlar\u0131ndan m\u0259hrum olunmaq t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259si g\u00f6zl\u0259yir. Bu halda is\u0259 ail\u0259 \u201cqeyri-m\u00fcv\u0259ff\u0259q ail\u0259\u201d elan edilir, u\u015faqlar is\u0259 x\u00fcsusi m\u00fc\u0259ssis\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 g\u00f6nd\u0259rilir [7].<\/p>\n Qeyd edilm\u0259lidir ki, miqrant v\u0259 qa\u00e7q\u0131n qad\u0131nlar h\u0259m m\u0259skunla\u015fma zaman\u0131, h\u0259m d\u0259 ondan sonra cinsi zorak\u0131l\u0131\u011fa, m\u0259i\u015f\u0259t zorak\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na, m\u0259cburi \u0259m\u0259y\u0259 x\u00fcsusil\u0259 h\u0259ssasd\u0131rlar. M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, Suriya, \u0130raq v\u0259 \u018ffqan\u0131stan da daxil olmaqla, m\u00fcnaqi\u015f\u0259 \u0259razil\u0259rind\u0259n g\u0259l\u0259nl\u0259r, miqrant v\u0259 qa\u00e7q\u0131n qad\u0131n v\u0259 q\u0131zlar aras\u0131nda apar\u0131lan sor\u011fu onlar\u0131n dem\u0259k olar ki, 65%-nin h\u0259r hans\u0131 bir zorak\u0131l\u0131\u011fa m\u0259ruz qald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6st\u0259rib [18].<\/p>\n Dig\u0259r orta v\u0259 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 g\u0259lirli \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 oldu\u011fu kimi Vyetnamda da m\u0259i\u015f\u0259t zorak\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n iqtisadi formas\u0131 geni\u015f yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Burada qad\u0131nlar v\u0259 u\u015faqlar, ad\u0259t\u0259n, iqtisadi c\u0259h\u0259td\u0259n ki\u015fil\u0259rd\u0259n \u00e7ox as\u0131l\u0131d\u0131rlar. M\u0259i\u015f\u0259t zorak\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na m\u0259ruz qalan vyetnaml\u0131 qad\u0131nlar\u0131n \u0259ks\u0259riyy\u0259tinin t\u0259hsil s\u0259viyy\u0259si a\u015fa\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. Bir \u00e7ox Vyetnam ail\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 u\u015faqlar b\u0259z\u0259n anaya t\u0259zyiq g\u00f6st\u0259rm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn istifad\u0259 olunur v\u0259 bununla da ki\u015fil\u0259r fiziki v\u0259 psixoloji zorak\u0131l\u0131q etm\u0259k imkan\u0131 \u0259ld\u0259 edirl\u0259r. Bu hal u\u015faqlar\u0131n fiziki v\u0259 cinsi istismar\u0131n\u0131 da \u0259hat\u0259 ed\u0259 bilir [16\u0431, s.166-167].<\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n D\u00fcnya Bank\u0131n\u0131n 2021-ci il \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn m\u0259lumat\u0131na g\u00f6r\u0259, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dak\u0131 \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 m\u0259i\u015f\u0259t zorak\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na x\u00fcsusi diqq\u0259t yetir\u0259n qanunvericilik yoxdur: \u018ffqan\u0131stan, Haiti, Qvineya, Konqo Demokratik Respublikas\u0131, \u0130ordan \u00e7ay\u0131n\u0131n q\u0259rb sahili v\u0259 Q\u0259zza zola\u011f\u0131, \u0130raq, \u0130ran, Y\u0259m\u0259n, Kamerun, Q\u0259t\u0259r, Kot-d’\u0130vuar, Lesoto, Liviya, Mavritaniya, Mali, Myanma, Niger, Oman, Konqo Respublikas\u0131, Rusiya Federasiyas\u0131, Suriya, Somali, Sudan, Tanzaniya, \u00d6zb\u0259kistan, Ekvatorial Qvineya, Eritreya, Estoniya, C\u0259nubi Sudan [6].<\/p>\n Yuxar\u0131da qeyd edil\u0259nl\u0259r onu dem\u0259y\u0259 \u0259sas verir ki, m\u0259i\u015f\u0259t zorak\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 qurbanlar\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fcdafi\u0259si v\u0259 onlara yard\u0131m b\u00fct\u00fcn d\u00fcnya \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 aktual problem olaraq qal\u0131r. Bu istiqam\u0259td\u0259 f\u0259aliyy\u0259t plan\u0131 olan \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rin t\u0259cr\u00fcb\u0259sinin ara\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 x\u00fcsusi \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259t k\u0259sb edir. M\u0259lumdur ki, m\u0259i\u015f\u0259t zorak\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 il\u0259 m\u00fcbariz\u0259d\u0259 ilk add\u0131m atan \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259n biri Avstriya olmu\u015fdur. Avstriya h\u00f6kum\u0259ti m\u0259i\u015f\u0259t zorak\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n al\u0131nmas\u0131 il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 h\u00fcquqi \u0259saslar yaratm\u0131\u015f, qurbanlara psixoloji yard\u0131m m\u0259rk\u0259zl\u0259ri v\u0259 s\u0131\u011f\u0131nacaqlar\u0131n qurulmas\u0131, h\u0259m\u00e7inin zorak\u0131l\u0131q t\u00f6r\u0259d\u0259n \u015f\u0259xsl\u0259rl\u0259 profilaktik i\u015f apar\u0131lmas\u0131, onlar\u0131n c\u0259zaland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 v\u0259 s. istiqam\u0259tind\u0259 geni\u015f i\u015f qurmu\u015fdur. M\u0259i\u015f\u0259t zorak\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 il\u0259 m\u00fcbariz\u0259d\u0259 Avstriya m\u00fchafiz\u0259 orderi haqda s\u0259r\u0259ncam vermi\u015f ilk \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259ndir [4, s. 109].<\/p>\n Avstriyada m\u0259i\u015f\u0259t zorak\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na qar\u015f\u0131 ilk qanun 1996-c\u0131 ild\u0259 q\u0259bul edilmi\u015fdir. 2009-cu ild\u0259 is\u0259 m\u0259i\u015f\u0259t zorak\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan m\u00fcdafi\u0259 istiqam\u0259tind\u0259 ikinci qanun t\u0259sdiq edilmi\u015fdir. Bu qanun gender bax\u0131m\u0131ndan neytrald\u0131r, \u00e7\u00fcnki m\u0259i\u015f\u0259t zorak\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan m\u00fcdafi\u0259 qad\u0131nlarla yana\u015f\u0131 ki\u015fil\u0259r\u0259 d\u0259 \u015famil edilir. Avstriyada m\u0259i\u015f\u0259t zorak\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 m\u00fc\u0259ssis\u0259l\u0259r – t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259sizlik orqanlar\u0131, m\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259l\u0259r, s\u0259hiyy\u0259 sistemi, sosial xidm\u0259tl\u0259r v\u0259 s. qar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ql\u0131 f\u0259aliyy\u0259t g\u00f6st\u0259rir. Bununla bel\u0259, b\u00f6hran m\u0259rk\u0259zl\u0259ri \u0259laq\u0259l\u0259ndirici subyektl\u0259r olaraq f\u0259aliyy\u0259t g\u00f6st\u0259rirl\u0259r, \u00e7\u00fcnki m\u0259hz onlar davaml\u0131 olaraq qurbanlarla t\u0259masda olurlar. H\u0259min m\u0259rk\u0259zl\u0259r ail\u0259daxili m\u00fcnaqi\u015f\u0259 h\u0259ll edildikd\u0259n sonra zorak\u0131l\u0131q qurbanlar\u0131 il\u0259 \u0259laq\u0259 saxlay\u0131rlar, v\u0259ziyy\u0259ti n\u0259zar\u0259td\u0259 saxlama\u011fa \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rlar, qurbanlara psixoloji, maliyy\u0259 v\u0259 ya\u015fay\u0131\u015f yeri il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 yard\u0131m edirl\u0259r. B\u00f6hran m\u0259rk\u0259zl\u0259ri yaln\u0131z qurbanlarla deyil, m\u0259i\u015f\u0259t zorak\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 t\u00f6r\u0259tmi\u015f \u015f\u0259xsl\u0259rl\u0259 d\u0259 korreksiyaedici i\u015f apar\u0131rlar. Eyni zamanda b\u00f6hran m\u0259rk\u0259zl\u0259ri h\u00fcquq-m\u00fchafiz\u0259 orqanlar\u0131n\u0131n i\u015f\u00e7il\u0259ri, hakiml\u0259r, s\u0259hiyy\u0259 sistemi i\u015f\u00e7il\u0259ri il\u0259 kadrlar haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131 m\u0259qs\u0259dil\u0259 i\u015f apar\u0131rlar [2, s.42-43].<\/p>\n Bu m\u00fchafiz\u0259 \u0259mrl\u0259ri ev\u0259 v\u0259 \u0259traf \u0259raziy\u0259, i\u015f yerin\u0259 v\u0259 u\u015faqlar\u0131n oxudu\u011fu m\u0259kt\u0259b\u0259 (v\u0259 ya u\u015faq ba\u011f\u00e7as\u0131na) \u015famil edilir. Bu t\u0259minatlar\u0131n ilkin m\u00fcdd\u0259ti, ad\u0259t\u0259n, 14 g\u00fcnd\u00fcr, lakin m\u00fcst\u0259sna hallarda bir il\u0259d\u0259k v\u0259 ya nikah\u0131n pozulmas\u0131 tarixin\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r uzad\u0131la bil\u0259r. Buna \u0259m\u0259l olunmas\u0131na n\u0259zar\u0259t polis\u0259 h\u0259val\u0259 edilir, \u0259mr pozulduqda inzibati c\u0259rim\u0259 t\u0259tbiq edilir. T\u0259xir\u0259sal\u0131nmaz m\u00fchafiz\u0259 q\u0259rar\u0131n\u0131n t\u0259krar pozulmas\u0131 hal\u0131nda, cinay\u0259tkar h\u0259bs oluna bil\u0259r. Polis t\u0259limatlar haqq\u0131nda g\u00f6st\u0259ril\u0259n m\u0259lumat\u0131 verildikd\u0259n sonra 24 saat \u0259rzind\u0259 yard\u0131m m\u0259rk\u0259zl\u0259rin\u0259 g\u00f6nd\u0259rm\u0259lidir. Qurbanlar\u0131n milliyy\u0259tind\u0259n, \u0259mlak g\u0259lirind\u0259n v\u0259 dini m\u0259nsubiyy\u0259tind\u0259n as\u0131l\u0131 olmayaraq s\u0131\u011f\u0131nacaqlarda yerl\u0259\u015fm\u0259k imkanlar\u0131 vard\u0131r. S\u0131\u011f\u0131nacaqlarda qalma m\u00fcdd\u0259ti 4 aydan 12 aya q\u0259d\u0259r d\u0259yi\u015fir. Burada qad\u0131nlara psixoloji, tibbi v\u0259 h\u00fcquqi m\u0259sl\u0259h\u0259tl\u0259r verilir, onlara s\u0131\u011f\u0131nacaqlar\u0131n maliyy\u0259 v\u0259saiti hesab\u0131na i\u015f v\u0259 ya m\u0259nzil tapmaqda k\u00f6m\u0259klik g\u00f6st\u0259rilir [14, s.575-577].<\/p>\n M\u0259i\u015f\u0259t zorak\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na qar\u015f\u0131 m\u0259suliyy\u0259t Avstriya Daxili \u0130\u015fl\u0259r Nazirliyi, Qad\u0131nlarla \u0130\u015f Nazirliyi, b\u0259l\u0259diyy\u0259 s\u0259viyy\u0259sind\u0259 xidm\u0259t orqanlar\u0131, d\u00f6vl\u0259t sosial s\u0131\u011f\u0131nacaqlar\u0131 v\u0259 qeyri-h\u00f6kum\u0259t t\u0259\u015fkilatlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda b\u00f6l\u00fc\u015fd\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015fd\u00fcr [4, s.108-109].<\/p>\n D\u00fcnyada ilk d\u0259f\u0259 olaraq, AB\u015e-da m\u0259i\u015f\u0259t zorak\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6vl\u0259t s\u0259viyy\u0259li problem olaraq elan edilmi\u015fdir. 1962-ci ild\u0259 Q.Kemp v\u0259 onun h\u0259mkarlar\u0131 Amerika S\u0259hiyy\u0259 Assosiasiyas\u0131n\u0131n jurnal\u0131mda \u201cD\u00f6y\u00fcl\u0259n u\u015faq sindromu\u201d adl\u0131 m\u0259qal\u0259 il\u0259 \u00e7\u0131x\u0131\u015f etmi\u015fdil\u0259r. AB\u015e h\u00f6kum\u0259ti sosial h\u0259ssas \u0259hali t\u0259b\u0259q\u0259sinin m\u00fcdafi\u0259sind\u0259 f\u0259al rol oynay\u0131r. AB\u015e h\u00f6kum\u0259ti m\u0259i\u015f\u0259t zorak\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ara\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na v\u0259 onun aradan qald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 m\u0259qs\u0259dil\u0259 yeni metodlar\u0131n tap\u0131lmas\u0131na b\u00f6y\u00fck m\u0259bl\u0259\u011fd\u0259 v\u0259sait ay\u0131r\u0131r. 1994-2000-ci ill\u0259rd\u0259 AB\u015e h\u00f6kum\u0259ti intim partnyorlar aras\u0131nda m\u00f6vcud zorak\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n ara\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na 435,75 milyon dollar, 2000-ci ild\u0259 ail\u0259nin ya\u015fl\u0131 \u00fczvl\u0259rin\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 zorak\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n ara\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na 1,5 milyard dollar pul ay\u0131rm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Bu istiqam\u0259td\u0259 S\u0259hiyy\u0259 Nazirliyi, T\u0259hsil Nazirliyi, \u018fdliyy\u0259 Nazirliyi, M\u00fcdafi\u0259 Nazirliyi konkret proqramlar h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irirl\u0259r. Son onillikl\u0259rd\u0259 AB\u015e-da zorak\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn formalar\u0131nda z\u0259ifl\u0259m\u0259 m\u00fc\u015fahid\u0259 edilir. 1994-c\u00fc ild\u0259n etibar\u0259n m\u0259i\u015f\u0259t zorak\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n s\u0259viyy\u0259si a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 enm\u0259kd\u0259 davam edir [8, s.99-105].<\/p>\n Fransada qohumlar t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n \u015f\u0259xs\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 t\u00f6r\u0259dil\u0259n cinay\u0259tl\u0259r\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 c\u0259za t\u0259yin ed\u0259n cinay\u0259t h\u00fcququ m\u0259nb\u0259l\u0259ri, y\u0259ni Fransa Respublikas\u0131n\u0131n Cinay\u0259t M\u0259c\u0259ll\u0259si vard\u0131r. 1992-ci ild\u0259 q\u0259bul edilmi\u015f bu M\u0259c\u0259ll\u0259nin 221.2 madd\u0259si \u201cq\u0259sd\u0259n adam \u00f6ld\u00fcrm\u0259\u201d il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 olub m\u0259i\u015f\u0259t zorak\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 zaman\u0131 m\u00fcvafiq hadis\u0259 il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 t\u0259tbiq edilir. 2010-cu ild\u0259 Fransada Qad\u0131nlara Qar\u015f\u0131 Zorak\u0131l\u0131qla M\u00fcbariz\u0259 Milli G\u00fcn\u00fc t\u0259sis edilib v\u0259 bu g\u00fcn BMT-nin Qad\u0131n Zorak\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na Qar\u015f\u0131 Beyn\u0259lxalq M\u00fcbariz\u0259 G\u00fcn\u00fc il\u0259 eyni g\u00fcnd\u0259, noyabr\u0131n 25-d\u0259 qeyd olunur. Fransa qanunlar\u0131na g\u00f6r\u0259, birg\u0259ya\u015fay\u0131\u015f\u0131n ist\u0259nil\u0259n formas\u0131 \u2013 nikah, m\u00fclki m\u00fcqavil\u0259 v\u0259 ya birg\u0259ya\u015fay\u0131\u015f zaman\u0131 t\u00f6r\u0259dil\u0259n \u015fidd\u0259t m\u0259i\u015f\u0259t zorak\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na aid edilir. M\u0259i\u015f\u0259t zorak\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n n\u00f6v\u00fcn\u0259 g\u0259linc\u0259, bu, fiziki, \u015fifahi (ail\u0259daxili t\u0259hqir), iqtisadi, psixoloji (psixoloji t\u0259zyiq) v\u0259 cinsi zorak\u0131l\u0131q kimi n\u00f6vl\u0259ri \u0259hat\u0259 edir. Ail\u0259d\u0259 m\u0259i\u015f\u0259t zorak\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n s\u00fcbutu aray\u0131\u015flar, \u015f\u0259xsi ifad\u0259l\u0259r, SMS, foto\u015f\u0259kill\u0259r, sosial \u015f\u0259b\u0259k\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 yaz\u0131\u015fmalar v\u0259 s. ola bil\u0259r. Bu neqativ hal bar\u0259d\u0259 yax\u0131n qohumlar, qon\u015fular, dostlar, t\u0259sad\u00fcfi \u015fahidl\u0259r v\u0259 tibb i\u015f\u00e7il\u0259ri m\u0259lumat ver\u0259 bil\u0259r. M\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259 m\u0259i\u015f\u0259t zorak\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015f verdiyini m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n etdikd\u0259, hakim qurbana yax\u0131nla\u015fman\u0131 qada\u011fan etm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn m\u00fchafiz\u0259 q\u0259rar\u0131 (2010-cu ild\u0259n q\u00fcvv\u0259d\u0259dir) il\u0259 geolokasiya qolba\u011f\u0131ndan istifad\u0259ni t\u0259tbiq edir. M\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259 h\u0259m\u00e7inin t\u0259cav\u00fczkar\u0131 s\u0259r\u0259ncam\u0131n q\u00fcvv\u0259d\u0259 oldu\u011fu m\u00fcdd\u0259t \u0259rzind\u0259 evi t\u0259rk etm\u0259yi v\u0259 ayl\u0131q maddi yard\u0131m, u\u015faqlar\u0131 varsa, onlar\u0131n saxlan\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u0259lav\u0259 m\u0259bl\u0259\u011f \u00f6d\u0259m\u0259yi d\u0259 t\u0259yin ed\u0259 bil\u0259r. S\u0259r\u0259ncam, ad\u0259t\u0259n, 6 aya q\u0259d\u0259r m\u00fcdd\u0259t\u0259 verilir v\u0259 uzad\u0131la da bil\u0259r. M\u00fchafiz\u0259 q\u0259rar\u0131 il\u0259 m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n edilmi\u015f t\u0259dbirl\u0259r\u0259 \u0259m\u0259l edilm\u0259m\u0259si cinay\u0259t say\u0131l\u0131r, 2 il h\u0259bs v\u0259 15.000 avro c\u0259rim\u0259 il\u0259 c\u0259zaland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r [14, s.576-577].<\/p>\n M\u0259i\u015f\u0259t zorak\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na qar\u015f\u0131 \u00f6z\u00fcn\u0259xas m\u00fcbariz\u0259 modelin\u0259 malik olan B\u00f6y\u00fck Britaniya 2012-ci ild\u0259 \u0130stanbul Konvensiyas\u0131na qo\u015fulmu\u015fdur. B\u00f6y\u00fck Britaniyada 2017-ci ild\u0259 qad\u0131nlara v\u0259 q\u0131zlara qar\u015f\u0131 ail\u0259daxili zorak\u0131l\u0131qla m\u00fcbariz\u0259 m\u0259qs\u0259dil\u0259 \u201cQad\u0131nlara qar\u015f\u0131 zorak\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n al\u0131nmas\u0131 v\u0259 m\u0259i\u015f\u0259t zorak\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 il\u0259 m\u00fcbariz\u0259\u201d Akt\u0131 q\u0259bul edilmi\u015fdir. B\u00f6y\u00fck Britaniyada bu sah\u0259d\u0259 \u0259ld\u0259 edilmi\u015f nailiyy\u0259tl\u0259r\u0259 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dak\u0131lar aiddir:<\/p>\n – birincisi<\/em>, m\u0259i\u015f\u0259t zorak\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n t\u0259bi\u0259ti, \u0259hat\u0259 dair\u0259si v\u0259 n\u0259tic\u0259l\u0259ri il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 d\u00f6vl\u0259t idar\u0259l\u0259ri, polis v\u0259 \u0259dliyy\u0259 sistemi t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n sistemli \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 t\u0259dqiqatlar apar\u0131l\u0131r v\u0259 bunun say\u0259sind\u0259 m\u0259i\u015f\u0259t zorak\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 cinay\u0259t kimi tan\u0131n\u0131r;<\/p>\n – ikincisi<\/em>, m\u00fcxt\u0259lif d\u00f6vl\u0259t v\u0259 qeyri-d\u00f6vl\u0259t strukturlar\u0131n\u0131n i\u015ftirak\u0131 il\u0259 idar\u0259l\u0259raras\u0131 \u0259laq\u0259li f\u0259aliyy\u0259t yana\u015fmas\u0131 istifad\u0259 edilir. Departamentl\u0259raras\u0131 yana\u015fma \u0259m\u0259kda\u015fl\u0131\u011fa \u0259saslan\u0131r, bu zaman B\u00f6y\u00fck Britaniya Daxili \u0130\u015fl\u0259r Nazirliyi, polis, Kral Prokurorlu\u011fu, m\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259l\u0259r, aprobasiya orqanlar\u0131, h\u0259bsxana xidm\u0259ti, sosial xidm\u0259tl\u0259r, sa\u011flaml\u0131q, u\u015faqlara q\u0259yyumluq, qad\u0131nlara yard\u0131m kimi m\u00fcxt\u0259lif ictimai qeyri-kommersiya t\u0259\u015fkilatlar\u0131 \u0259laq\u0259li f\u0259aliyy\u0259t g\u00f6st\u0259rir.<\/p>\n 2010-cu ild\u0259, qad\u0131nlara v\u0259 q\u0131zlara qar\u015f\u0131 zorak\u0131l\u0131\u011fa son qoyma\u011fa \u00e7a\u011f\u0131ran B\u00f6y\u00fck Britaniya H\u00f6kum\u0259tinin Strategiya s\u0259n\u0259di q\u0259bul edildikd\u0259n sonra, qad\u0131n v\u0259 q\u0131zlara qar\u015f\u0131 zorak\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n aradan qald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn t\u0259dbirl\u0259r plan\u0131 h\u0259r il yenil\u0259nir. 2012-ci ild\u0259 q\u0259bul edilmi\u015f \u201cAzadl\u0131qlar\u0131n M\u00fcdafi\u0259si haqq\u0131nda\u201d Qanunda t\u0259qib (h\u0259d\u0259l\u0259m\u0259) haqq\u0131nda qanunvericiliy\u0259 \u0259lav\u0259l\u0259r edilib. T\u0259qib v\u0259 h\u0259d\u0259l\u0259m\u0259y\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 maksimum alt\u0131 aya q\u0259d\u0259r h\u0259bs c\u0259zas\u0131, bezdirici t\u0259cav\u00fcz v\u0259 zorak\u0131l\u0131q qorxusu, ciddi narahatl\u0131q v\u0259 ya stress do\u011furan t\u0259qib\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 be\u015f il\u0259d\u0259k m\u00fcdd\u0259t\u0259 azadl\u0131qdan m\u0259hrum etm\u0259, qeyri-m\u0259hdud c\u0259rim\u0259 v\u0259 ya c\u0259zaland\u0131rma n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259 tutulmu\u015fdur. Antisosial Davran\u0131\u015f haqda Akt is\u0259 \u0130ngilt\u0259r\u0259, Uels v\u0259 \u015eotlandiyada m\u0259cburi nikah\u0131 kriminalla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131r, bu cinay\u0259t\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259, sad\u0259l\u0259\u015fdirilmi\u015f m\u00fchakim\u0259 qaydas\u0131nda (S\u00fclh M\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259sind\u0259) 12 aya q\u0259d\u0259r m\u00fcdd\u0259t\u0259 azadl\u0131qdan m\u0259hrum etm\u0259 v\u0259 m\u0259bl\u0259\u011fi m\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259 t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n edil\u0259n c\u0259rim\u0259 kimi maksimum c\u0259za n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259 tutulur. Crovn M\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259sind\u0259 is\u0259 bu i\u015fl\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 ittiham akt\u0131na \u0259sas\u0259n maksimum c\u0259za yeddi il h\u0259bsdir. Britaniyada t\u0259kc\u0259 polisi deyil, h\u0259m d\u0259 sosial xidm\u0259tl\u0259r, h\u0259kiml\u0259r v\u0259 qad\u0131n xeyriyy\u0259 t\u0259\u015fkilatlar\u0131n\u0131 \u0259hat\u0259 ed\u0259n qurbanlara d\u0259st\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn idar\u0259l\u0259raras\u0131 proqramlar v\u0259 pilot layih\u0259l\u0259rin ke\u00e7irilm\u0259si x\u00fcsusi \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259t k\u0259sb edir [3, s.340-342].<\/p>\n Almaniyada qad\u0131nlar, u\u015faqlar v\u0259 ki\u015fil\u0259r f\u0259rqli h\u00fcquqlara malikdirl\u0259r. Burada h\u0259r bir k\u0259s b\u0259rab\u0259r m\u00fcdafi\u0259 h\u00fcququna malikdir. Zorak\u0131l\u0131q qurbanlar\u0131 m\u00fcxt\u0259lif m\u00fcdafi\u0259 \u00fcsullar\u0131ndan istifad\u0259 ed\u0259 bil\u0259rl\u0259r. \u018fg\u0259r partnyor zorak\u0131l\u0131q t\u0259tbiq edirs\u0259, v\u0259ziyy\u0259tl\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 t\u0259dbir g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. 110 n\u00f6mr\u0259si il\u0259 polis\u0259 z\u0259ng ed\u0259r\u0259k k\u00f6m\u0259k ist\u0259m\u0259k olar v\u0259 polis h\u0259min an g\u0259lib qurban\u0131 m\u00fcdafi\u0259 ed\u0259 bil\u0259r. Polis zorak\u0131l\u0131q g\u00f6st\u0259r\u0259n \u015f\u0259xsi ya\u015fay\u0131\u015f yerind\u0259n uzaqla\u015fd\u0131raraq, 14 g\u00fcn buraya g\u0259lm\u0259sini qada\u011fan edir, h\u0259m\u00e7inin bu qada\u011fan\u0131 realla\u015fd\u0131rmaq m\u0259qs\u0259dil\u0259 onu h\u0259bs ed\u0259 bil\u0259r. Zorak\u0131l\u0131qdan \u0259ziyy\u0259t \u00e7\u0259k\u0259n qad\u0131nlar s\u0131\u011f\u0131naca\u011fa m\u00fcraci\u0259t ed\u0259 v\u0259 h\u0259kim t\u0259sdiq etdikd\u0259n sonra burada m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n m\u00fcdd\u0259td\u0259 qala bil\u0259rl\u0259r. M\u0259sl\u0259h\u0259t m\u0259rk\u0259zl\u0259rind\u0259, Qad\u0131n evl\u0259rind\u0259, zorak\u0131l\u0131q qurbanlar\u0131na yard\u0131m m\u0259rk\u0259zl\u0259rind\u0259 z\u0259r\u0259r\u00e7\u0259kmi\u015f qad\u0131na d\u0259st\u0259k g\u00f6st\u0259rilir, onunla konsultasiya t\u0259\u015fkil edilir. \u0130xtisasla\u015fm\u0131\u015f m\u0259sl\u0259h\u0259t m\u0259rk\u0259zl\u0259rind\u0259 g\u0259l\u0259c\u0259k f\u0259aliyy\u0259tl\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 informasiya verilir. \u0130st\u0259y\u0259 uy\u011fun olaraq anonim konsultasiya da ke\u00e7irilir. Z\u0259r\u0259r\u00e7\u0259k\u0259n qad\u0131nlar d\u0259st\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn dostlar\u0131na v\u0259 qohumlar\u0131na da m\u00fcraci\u0259t ed\u0259 bil\u0259rl\u0259r. Qad\u0131n \u015fikay\u0259t \u0259riz\u0259si yazmaq ist\u0259dikd\u0259 h\u00fcquq\u015f\u00fcnasa-m\u0259sl\u0259h\u0259t\u00e7iy\u0259 m\u00fcraci\u0259t ed\u0259 bil\u0259r. Almaniyada m\u0259i\u015f\u0259t zorak\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n qurban\u0131 olmu\u015f h\u0259r bir \u015f\u0259xs m\u00fcdafi\u0259 orderi ala bil\u0259r. Bu zaman z\u0259r\u0259r\u00e7\u0259k\u0259n\u0259 pulsuz xidm\u0259t g\u00f6st\u0259rilir. M\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259ri pullu oldu\u011fundan imkans\u0131z \u015f\u0259xsl\u0259r\u0259 d\u00f6vl\u0259t yard\u0131m g\u00f6st\u0259rir. M\u00fcdafi\u0259 orderi verilmi\u015f h\u0259r bir \u015f\u0259xs\u0259 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dak\u0131 xidm\u0259tl\u0259r t\u0259min edilir:<\/p>\n -zorak\u0131l\u0131q g\u00f6st\u0259rmi\u015f \u015f\u0259xsin ev\u0259 yax\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131na qada\u011fa qoyulur;<\/p>\n – zorak\u0131l\u0131q g\u00f6st\u0259rmi\u015f \u015f\u0259xsin qurban\u0131n davaml\u0131 oldu\u011fu yerl\u0259r\u0259 getm\u0259si qada\u011fan edilir;<\/p>\n – zorak\u0131l\u0131q g\u00f6st\u0259rmi\u015f \u015f\u0259xsin qurbanla \u00fcnsiyyt\u0259tin\u0259 v\u0259 ya onunla g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fm\u0259sin\u0259 qada\u011fa t\u0259tbiq edilir.<\/p>\n M\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259 m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n m\u00fcdd\u0259td\u0259 t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259sizliyin t\u0259min edilm\u0259si haqda q\u0259rar verir v\u0259 bu haqda polisi x\u0259b\u0259rdar edir. M\u0259sl\u0259h\u0259t prosesind\u0259 etibarl\u0131 \u015f\u0259xs d\u0259 i\u015ftirak ed\u0259 bil\u0259r. Z\u0259r\u0259\u00e7\u0259kmi\u015f qad\u0131nlar m\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259 prosesinin b\u00fct\u00fcn m\u0259rh\u0259l\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 ixtisasla\u015fm\u0131\u015f sosial-psixoloqlar\u0131n yard\u0131m\u0131ndan istifad\u0259 ed\u0259 bil\u0259rl\u0259r.<\/p>\n M\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259 z\u0259r\u0259r\u00e7\u0259k\u0259nin t\u0259cav\u00fcz\u0259 m\u0259ruz qald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 t\u0259sdiq etdikd\u0259n sonra ona a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dak\u0131 xidm\u0259tl\u0259r g\u00f6st\u0259rilir:<\/p>\n – m\u00fcalic\u0259 t\u0259dbirl\u0259ri v\u0259 tibbi xidm\u0259t;<\/p>\n – pensiya t\u0259minat\u0131;<\/p>\n – sosial t\u0259minat xidm\u0259tl\u0259ri;<\/p>\n – m\u00fcalic\u0259-reabilitasiya xidm\u0259tl\u0259ri [5].<\/p>\n Avropa \u0130ttifaq\u0131 \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 m\u0259i\u015f\u0259t zorak\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na qar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fcbariz\u0259 v\u0259 gender b\u0259rab\u0259rliyi m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259ri f\u0259rqli formada d\u0259y\u0259rl\u0259ndirilir. \u0130spaniya da dig\u0259r Avropa \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259ri il\u0259 b\u0259rab\u0259r Avropa \u015euras\u0131n\u0131n “Qad\u0131nlara qar\u015f\u0131 zorak\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n v\u0259 m\u0259i\u015f\u0259t zorak\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n al\u0131nmas\u0131 v\u0259 onunla m\u00fcbariz\u0259 haqq\u0131nda” \u0130stanbul Konvensiyas\u0131na qo\u015fulub.<\/p>\n Gender \u0259sasl\u0131 v\u0259 m\u0259i\u015f\u0259t zorak\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na qar\u015f\u0131 \u0130spaniya qanunlar\u0131 Avropa \u0130ttifaq\u0131nda \u0259n qabaqc\u0131l qanunlar hesab olunur. \u0130spaniya h\u00f6kum\u0259ti d\u00fcnyada qad\u0131nlara qar\u015f\u0131 zorak\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 milli problem kimi tan\u0131yan ilk d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259rd\u0259n biri olub. M\u00fcvafiq qanun 2004-c\u00fc ild\u0259 q\u0259bul edilib. \u0130spaniyada 2005-ci ild\u0259 Gender \u018fsasl\u0131 Zorak\u0131l\u0131\u011fa Qar\u015f\u0131 H\u00f6kum\u0259t N\u00fcmay\u0259nd\u0259liyi, 2008-ci ild\u0259 is\u0259 B\u0259rab\u0259rlik Nazirliyi yarad\u0131l\u0131b. Burada 016 qaynar x\u0259tti f\u0259aliyy\u0259t g\u00f6st\u0259rir. \u0130lin 365 g\u00fcn\u00fc t\u0259kc\u0259 ispan dilind\u0259 deyil, dig\u0259r dill\u0259rd\u0259 d\u0259 gender zorak\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 h\u00fcquqi m\u0259sl\u0259h\u0259t v\u0259 psixoloji yard\u0131m almaq olar. \u00d6lk\u0259nin b\u00fct\u00fcn \u0259yal\u0259tl\u0259rind\u0259 b\u00f6hran m\u0259rk\u0259zl\u0259ri \u015f\u0259b\u0259k\u0259si f\u0259aliyy\u0259t g\u00f6st\u0259rir v\u0259 burada t\u0259kc\u0259 qurbanlar deyil, onlar\u0131n qohumlar\u0131 v\u0259 yax\u0131n dostlar\u0131 da psixoloji yard\u0131m \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn m\u00fcraci\u0259t ed\u0259 bil\u0259rl\u0259r. 2007-ci ild\u0259 istifad\u0259y\u0259 verilmi\u015f VioGen sistemi \u0130spaniya h\u00fcquq-m\u00fchafiz\u0259 orqanlar\u0131n\u0131n f\u0259xridir. Bu, qad\u0131nlara qar\u015f\u0131 zorak\u0131l\u0131qla ba\u011fl\u0131 b\u00fct\u00fcn hallar\u0131n geni\u015f m\u0259lumat bazas\u0131d\u0131r: qurbanlar\u0131n ifad\u0259l\u0259ri, polis hesabatlar\u0131, \u015fahidl\u0259rin ifad\u0259l\u0259ri, m\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259 q\u0259rarlar\u0131, tibbi s\u0259n\u0259dl\u0259r, t\u0259cav\u00fczkar\u0131n \u0259vv\u0259ll\u0259r m\u0259hkumlu\u011fu, silahlar\u0131n olmas\u0131 bar\u0259d\u0259 m\u0259lumatlar burada toplan\u0131r. VioGen \u0130spaniyan\u0131n ist\u0259nil\u0259n yerind\u0259 Milli Qvardiya, polis, h\u0259bsxana xidm\u0259tl\u0259ri, b\u00f6hran m\u0259rk\u0259zl\u0259ri, m\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259l\u0259r v\u0259 sosial i\u015f\u00e7il\u0259r \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u0259l\u00e7atand\u0131r. Sistem polis \u0259m\u0259kda\u015flar\u0131na v\u0259ziyy\u0259ti tez qiym\u0259tl\u0259ndirm\u0259y\u0259 v\u0259 q\u0259rar q\u0259bul etm\u0259y\u0259 k\u00f6m\u0259k edir. Bundan \u0259lav\u0259, x\u00fcsusi alqoritml\u0259r say\u0259sind\u0259 VioGen t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259 s\u0259viyy\u0259sini qiym\u0259tl\u0259ndirir, y\u0259ni t\u0259cav\u00fczkar\u0131n residiv ehtimal\u0131n\u0131 m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n edir v\u0259 bununla da polis\u0259 qad\u0131n\u0131 v\u0259 onun u\u015faqlar\u0131n\u0131 vaxt\u0131nda m\u00fcdafi\u0259 etm\u0259y\u0259 k\u00f6m\u0259k edir. Aliml\u0259rl\u0259 \u0259m\u0259kda\u015fl\u0131q vasit\u0259sil\u0259 sistem daim t\u0259kmill\u0259\u015fdirilir v\u0259 yenil\u0259nir. T\u0259cav\u00fczkarlar \u0259n \u00e7ox c\u0259rim\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 m\u0259hkum edilir v\u0259 qurbanlara, onlar\u0131n evl\u0259rin\u0259 v\u0259 i\u015f yerl\u0259rin\u0259 yax\u0131nla\u015fmaq r\u0259smi olaraq qada\u011fan edilir. C\u0259zan\u0131n icras\u0131na elektron qolbaqlar vasit\u0259sil\u0259 n\u0259zar\u0259t edilir. Z\u0259ngl\u0259r v\u0259 mesajlar kimi h\u0259r hans\u0131 \u00fcnsiyy\u0259t c\u0259hdl\u0259ri qada\u011fand\u0131r [1].<\/p>\n \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n N\u018fT\u0130C\u018f<\/strong><\/p>\n Ad\u0259t-\u0259n\u0259n\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259n as\u0131l\u0131 olaraq m\u0259i\u015f\u0259t zorak\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 m\u00fcxt\u0259lif \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 f\u0259rqli \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 t\u0259zah\u00fcr edir. Statistik g\u00f6st\u0259ricil\u0259r onu dem\u0259y\u0259 \u0259sas verir ki, m\u0259i\u015f\u0259t zorak\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00fcnyan\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn regionlar\u0131nda m\u00f6vcuddur. \u00d6lk\u0259nin iqtisadi inki\u015faf\u0131 m\u0259i\u015f\u0259t zorak\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n tamamil\u0259 aradan qald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na k\u00f6m\u0259k etmir. \u0130nki\u015faf etmi\u015f \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 m\u0259i\u015f\u0259t zorak\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6st\u0259ricisi a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 olsa da tamamil\u0259 aradan qald\u0131r\u0131lmam\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. M\u0259i\u015f\u0259t zorak\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n statistikas\u0131 v\u0259 t\u00f6r\u0259dilm\u0259 s\u0259b\u0259bl\u0259ri \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rin sosial, m\u0259d\u0259ni v\u0259 iqtisadi durumundan as\u0131l\u0131 olaraq d\u0259yi\u015fir. H\u0259l\u0259 d\u0259 m\u0259i\u015f\u0259t zorak\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcl\u0259n qad\u0131nlar\u0131n say\u0131 ki\u015fil\u0259r t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n t\u00f6r\u0259dilmi\u015f \u00fcmumi q\u0259tll\u0259rin b\u00f6y\u00fck qismini t\u0259\u015fkil edir.<\/p>\n \u0130nki\u015faf etmi\u015f v\u0259 inki\u015faf etm\u0259kd\u0259 olan \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rin b\u00f6y\u00fck bir qismi m\u0259i\u015f\u0259t zorak\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na son qoymaq m\u0259qs\u0259dil\u0259 q\u0259bul edil\u0259n rezalyusiya v\u0259 b\u0259yanatlara qo\u015fulmu\u015f, \u00f6lk\u0259 daxilind\u0259 bu prosesin qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n al\u0131nmas\u0131 m\u0259qs\u0259dil\u0259 qanunlar q\u0259bul etmi\u015fdir.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u0130ST\u0130FAD\u018f ED\u0130LM\u0130\u015e \u018fD\u018fB\u0130YYAT<\/strong><\/p>\n Rus dilind\u0259:<\/strong><\/p>\n \u0130ngilis dilind\u0259: <\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n Maftuna \u0130SMAY\u0130LOVA<\/strong><\/p>\n Models of Assistance to Victims of Domestic Violence<\/strong><\/p>\n \u00a0<\/strong>Abstract<\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n The varying characteristics of domestic violence cases across different countries highlight the persistence of patriarchal attitudes in society. The physical and psychological violence that men use to assert their perceived superiority is closely linked to the moral and economic vulnerabilities of society.<\/p>\n Examining global protection measures against domestic violence can provide valuable insights for improving the effectiveness of similar efforts in our own country.<\/p>\n Key words: <\/strong>domestic violence, gender inequality, victim, aid model, economic underdevelopment<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u041c\u0430\u0444\u0442\u0443\u043d\u0430 \u0418\u0421\u041c\u0410\u0418\u041b\u041e\u0412\u0410<\/strong><\/p>\n \u041c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449\u0438 \u0436\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0432\u0430\u043c \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0448\u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043b\u0438\u044f<\/strong><\/p>\n \u00a0<\/strong>\u0420\u0435\u0437\u044e\u043c\u0435<\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u0410\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437 \u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0448\u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043b\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0432 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u043f\u043e-\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0436\u043d\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0441\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b \u043f\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0430\u0440\u0445\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0438. \u0424\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0438 \u043f\u0441\u0438\u0445\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0435, \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0430\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0435 \u043c\u0443\u0436\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0432 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043c\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0443\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0434\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e, \u0432 \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043e \u0441 \u043c\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0438 \u044d\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043d\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430.<\/p>\n \u0418\u0437\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u043f\u044b\u0442\u0430 \u0432 \u0441\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u044b \u043e\u0442 \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0448\u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043b\u0438\u044f \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u044d\u0444\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0440, \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0443\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u0432 \u0410\u0437\u0435\u0440\u0431\u0430\u0439\u0434\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u0432 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438.<\/p>\n \u00a0<\/strong>\u041a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430: <\/strong>\u0434\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0448\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0435, \u0433\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e, \u0436\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0432\u0430, \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449\u0438, \u044d\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u043e\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c<\/p>\n\n
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<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"