Sosial T\u0259dqiqatlar M\u0259rk\u0259zinin ba\u015f m\u0259sl\u0259h\u0259t\u00e7isi, <\/em><\/p>\n filologiya \u00fczr\u0259 f\u0259ls\u0259f\u0259 doktoru<\/em><\/p>\n (Bak\u0131, Az\u0259rbaycan)<\/em><\/p>\n \u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n E-mail: agshin.mammadov76@gmail.com<\/em><\/p>\n \u00a0ORCID: 0000-0001-9341-2079<\/em><\/p>\n \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n X\u00fclas\u0259: <\/strong>Bilikl\u0259r\u0259 \u0259saslanan innovativ c\u0259miyy\u0259tin iqtisadiyyat\u0131 yu\u0308ks\u0259k ixtisasl\u0131 mu\u0308t\u0259x\u0259ssisl\u0259rin xu\u0308susi \u00e7\u0259kisinin artmas\u0131n\u0131, fasil\u0259siz t\u0259hsil u\u0308\u00e7u\u0308n \u015f\u0259raitin yarad\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131, sosial v\u0259 iqtisadi d\u0259yi\u015fiklikl\u0259r\u0259 uyg\u0306unla\u015fman\u0131 t\u0259min ed\u0259 bil\u0259n innovativ t\u0259hsil sisteml\u0259rini t\u0259l\u0259b edir. Qloballa\u015fma do\u0308vru\u0308nd\u0259 elmtutumlu m\u0259hsul v\u0259 xidm\u0259tl\u0259rin yarad\u0131lmas\u0131na \u0259saslanan r\u0259qab\u0259t mu\u0308asir t\u0259hsilin strategiyas\u0131n\u0131 mu\u0308\u0259yy\u0259n edir. Son ill\u0259r ayr\u0131-ayr\u0131 d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259r elm v\u0259 texnologiya siyas\u0259ti \u00e7\u0259r\u00e7iv\u0259sind\u0259 t\u0259dqiqat universitetl\u0259rinin inki\u015faf\u0131 istiqam\u0259tind\u0259 add\u0131mlar ataraq, m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n proqramlar h\u0259yata ke\u00e7ir\u0259r\u0259k v\u0259 z\u0259ruri elmi infrastrukturu inki\u015faf etdir\u0259r\u0259k t\u0259dqiqat universitetl\u0259ri vasit\u0259sil\u0259 uzunm\u00fcdd\u0259tli perspektivd\u0259 sosial-iqtisadi d\u0259y\u0259r yaratma\u011f\u0131 h\u0259d\u0259fl\u0259yirl\u0259r. T\u0259dqiqat universitetl\u0259ri innovasiya ekosisteminin inki\u015faf\u0131 v\u0259 transformasiyas\u0131nda milli-regional s\u0259viyy\u0259d\u0259 m\u00fch\u00fcm rol oynay\u0131r.<\/p>\n M\u0259qal\u0259d\u0259 t\u0259dqiqat universitetl\u0259rinin yaranmas\u0131, \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259ti v\u0259 \u00f6lk\u0259mizd\u0259 bu istiqam\u0259td\u0259 m\u00f6vcud v\u0259ziyy\u0259t t\u0259hlil edilir, m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n t\u0259klifl\u0259r verilir.<\/p>\n \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n A\u00e7ar s\u00f6zl\u0259r: <\/strong>t\u0259dqiqat universiteti, t\u0259hsil, t\u0259dqiqat, innovasiya, beyn\u0259lmil\u0259ll\u0259\u015fm\u0259, t\u0259hsil ifrastrukturu, keyfiyy\u0259tli t\u0259hsil, t\u0259dqiqat m\u00fchiti, r\u0259qb\u0259t\u0259davaml\u0131 kadr potensial\u0131, \u0259m\u0259k bazar\u0131, universitet-s\u0259naye\/\u00f6z\u0259l sektor \u0259m\u0259kda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131, startap m\u00fchiti, elmi n\u0259\u015frl\u0259r, istinadlar<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Giri\u015f<\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n Son 50 ild\u0259 bir \u00e7ox \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 ba\u015f ver\u0259n struktur d\u0259yi\u015fiklikl\u0259ri universitetl\u0259rin \u00f6z missiyalar\u0131na uy\u011fun olaraq diversifikasiya etm\u0259sin\u0259 \u015f\u0259rait yaratm\u0131\u015f v\u0259 d\u00fcnyada \u201ct\u0259dqiqat universiteti\u201d anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 yaranm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Universitetl\u0259rin \u0259n m\u00fch\u00fcm missiyas\u0131 innovasiyalar\u0131 d\u0259st\u0259kl\u0259y\u0259n m\u00fchit v\u0259 klasterl\u0259r yaratmaq, bilik istehsal etm\u0259k, innovativ v\u0259 yarad\u0131c\u0131 insan resurslar\u0131n\u0131 yeti\u015fdirm\u0259kdir. XXI \u0259srd\u0259 bilik iqtisadiyyat\u0131n\u0131n m\u0259rk\u0259zi institutu t\u0259dqiqat universitetl\u0259ri hesab edilir. Y\u00fcks\u0259k ixtisasl\u0131 akademik hey\u0259t, m\u00fck\u0259mm\u0259l t\u0259dqiqat n\u0259tic\u0259l\u0259ri, t\u0259hsil v\u0259 t\u0259limd\u0259 y\u00fcks\u0259k keyfiyy\u0259t, g\u00fccl\u00fc maliyy\u0259 m\u0259nb\u0259l\u0259ri, geni\u015f t\u0259dqiqat imkanlar\u0131, milli v\u0259 beyn\u0259lxalq s\u0259viyy\u0259li istedadl\u0131 t\u0259l\u0259b\u0259l\u0259r, akademik azadl\u0131q v\u0259 s. t\u0259dqiqat universitetl\u0259rinin m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n edilmi\u015f x\u00fcsusiyy\u0259tl\u0259ridir [17].<\/p>\n Son ill\u0259r Az\u0259rbaycanda dig\u0259r sah\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 oldu\u011fu kimi elm v\u0259 t\u0259hsil sah\u0259sind\u0259 d\u0259 strateji h\u0259d\u0259fl\u0259r\u0259 y\u00f6n\u0259lik islahatlar\u0131n apar\u0131lmas\u0131na ba\u015flan\u0131l\u0131b. Elm v\u0259 t\u0259hsil sah\u0259l\u0259rinin inteqrasiyas\u0131n\u0131n d\u0259rinl\u0259\u015fdirilm\u0259si say\u0259sind\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn intellektual resurslar\u0131ndan daha s\u0259m\u0259r\u0259li v\u0259 m\u0259hsuldar istifad\u0259 etm\u0259yi h\u0259d\u0259fl\u0259yir. \u00d6lk\u0259d\u0259 elm v\u0259 t\u0259hsilin inteqrasiyas\u0131 istiqam\u0259tind\u0259 at\u0131lm\u0131\u015f m\u00fch\u00fcm add\u0131mlardan biri Prezidentin 28 iyul 2022-ci il tarixli f\u0259rman\u0131 il\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan Respublikas\u0131n\u0131n Elm v\u0259 T\u0259hsil Nazirliyinin yarad\u0131lmas\u0131 [1] il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Prezidentin 22 iyul 2022-ci il tarixli s\u0259r\u0259ncam\u0131 il\u0259 t\u0259sdiq olunmu\u015f \u201cAz\u0259rbaycan Respublikas\u0131n\u0131n 2022-2026-c\u0131 ill\u0259rd\u0259 sosial-iqtisadi inki\u015faf Strategiyas\u0131\u201dnda is\u0259 elmin m\u00fcxt\u0259lif sah\u0259l\u0259ri \u00fczr\u0259 t\u0259dqiqatlar\u0131n geni\u015fl\u0259ndirilm\u0259si, kreativ d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnc\u0259li g\u0259ncl\u0259rin elm\u0259 c\u0259lb olunmas\u0131, elm sah\u0259sind\u0259 r\u0259qab\u0259tli maliyy\u0259 mexanizminin yarad\u0131lmas\u0131 v\u0259 t\u0259hsilin b\u00fct\u00fcn s\u0259viyy\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 \u0130KT \u0259sasl\u0131 infrastrukturun inki\u015faf etdirilm\u0259si, r\u0259q\u0259msal bilikl\u0259rin d\u0259rinl\u0259\u015fdirilm\u0259si ba\u015fl\u0131ca v\u0259zif\u0259l\u0259r kimi qar\u015f\u0131ya qoyulub. Dig\u0259r m\u00fch\u00fcm h\u0259d\u0259fl\u0259rd\u0259n biri d\u0259 elmi-t\u0259dqiqat i\u015fl\u0259rinin kommersiyala\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na ciddi d\u0259st\u0259yin verilm\u0259si v\u0259 innovativ inki\u015faf\u0131n prioritetliyinin t\u0259min edilm\u0259sidir. Bu kontekstd\u0259 startaplar v\u0259 investorlar \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn adekvat fiskal imtiyazlar sisteminin haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131 v\u0259 t\u0259tbiqi d\u0259 g\u00f6zl\u0259nilir. \u201cAb\u015feron vadisi\u201d innovasiya klasterinin yarad\u0131lmas\u0131 is\u0259 iqtisadiyyat\u0131n perspektivli sah\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 innovasiyalar\u0131n i\u015fl\u0259nm\u0259sini v\u0259 t\u0259tbiqini intensivl\u0259\u015fdir\u0259c\u0259kdir [2].<\/p>\n Strategiyada \u201c3.1.5. Elmi t\u0259dqiqatlar\u0131n v\u0259 innovasiyalar\u0131n inki\u015faf\u0131n\u0131n, elm v\u0259 t\u0259hsilin inteqrasiyas\u0131n\u0131n t\u0259min edilm\u0259si\u201d f\u0259aliyy\u0259t istiqam\u0259ti \u00fczr\u0259 \u00f6lk\u0259d\u0259 t\u0259dqiqat potensial\u0131 y\u00fcks\u0259k olan 2 universitetin bazas\u0131nda 2 t\u0259dqiqat universitetinin yarad\u0131lmas\u0131 n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259 tutulur. H\u0259min s\u0259n\u0259dd\u0259 qeyd edilir ki, Az\u0259rbaycan d\u00f6vl\u0259ti postpandemiya v\u0259 postkonflikt d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259 keyfiyy\u0259tc\u0259 yeni olan v\u0259 2022\u20122030-cu ill\u0259ri \u0259hat\u0259 ed\u0259n strateji inki\u015faf m\u0259rh\u0259l\u0259sin\u0259 daxil olur. Bu strateji d\u00f6vrd\u0259 yeni n\u0259sil struktur v\u0259 institusional islahatlar vasit\u0259sil\u0259 iqtisadi art\u0131m\u0131n m\u00fcasir v\u0259 dayan\u0131ql\u0131 m\u0259nb\u0259l\u0259rinin h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259t\u0259 g\u0259tirilm\u0259si, milli iqtisadiyyat\u0131n innovasiya y\u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn v\u0259 maliyy\u0259 dayan\u0131ql\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n daha da g\u00fccl\u0259ndirilm\u0259si, \u00f6lk\u0259 iqtisadiyyat\u0131n\u0131n qlobal d\u0259y\u0259r z\u0259ncirin\u0259 s\u0259m\u0259r\u0259li inteqrasiya yolu il\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan d\u00f6vl\u0259ti \u00f6z q\u00fcdr\u0259tini daha da art\u0131rmaqla, y\u00fcks\u0259k rifah c\u0259miyy\u0259tinin qurulmas\u0131 istiqam\u0259tind\u0259 yeni h\u0259d\u0259fl\u0259ri ger\u00e7\u0259kl\u0259\u015fdirm\u0259k \u0259zmind\u0259dir [2].<\/p>\n M\u0259qal\u0259d\u0259 d\u00fcnyada v\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycanda t\u0259dqiqat universitetl\u0259rinin yaranma z\u0259rur\u0259tind\u0259n b\u0259hs edilir.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n XIX \u0259srd\u0259 t\u0259bii inki\u015faf kimi modernl\u0259\u015fm\u0259ni ya\u015fayan c\u0259miyy\u0259tl\u0259r v\u0259 d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259r \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn ali t\u0259hsil m\u00fc\u0259ssis\u0259l\u0259rinin m\u00fcasir universitetl\u0259r\u0259 \u00e7evrilm\u0259si eyni d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259d\u0259 t\u0259bii idi. Anqlo-sakson, frans\u0131z, holland v\u0259 \u015fotland modell\u0259ri bu t\u0259bii inki\u015faf\u0131n f\u0259rqli n\u00fcmun\u0259l\u0259ridir. \u0130ngilis m\u00fcst\u0259ml\u0259k\u0259\u00e7iliyi il\u0259 \u015eimali Amerika, Hindistan v\u0259 Avstraliyada anqlo-sakson ali t\u0259hsil m\u00fc\u0259ssis\u0259l\u0259ri yarad\u0131ld\u0131 [30]. 1810-cu ild\u0259 Prussiya islahat\u0131 zaman\u0131 \u0259sas\u0131 qoyulan Berlin (Humboldt) Universiteti bug\u00fcnk\u00fc m\u00fcasir universitetl\u0259rin \u0259n qabaqc\u0131l\u0131 hesab olunur. Vilhelm von Humboldt Berlin Universitetini t\u0259sis ed\u0259rk\u0259n yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 memorandumda m\u00fcasir universiteti \u00fc\u00e7 prinsip\u0259 \u0259saslanaraq m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n edirdi: (i) t\u0259dqiqat v\u0259 t\u0259hsilin ayr\u0131lmaz v\u0259hd\u0259ti; (ii) azadl\u0131q; (iii) akademik \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcidar\u0259etm\u0259 [24].<\/p>\n T\u0259dqiqat v\u0259 t\u0259hsilin v\u0259hd\u0259tini vur\u011fulayan bu model o d\u00f6vr \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn yeni bir konsepsiya idi. Bu yana\u015fma pedaqoqlar\u0131n h\u0259m d\u0259 qabaqc\u0131l t\u0259dqiqat\u00e7\u0131lar olmas\u0131n\u0131, t\u0259dqiqat v\u0259 t\u0259hsil m\u00f6vzular\u0131n\u0131 se\u00e7m\u0259kd\u0259 qeyri-m\u0259hdud s\u0259rb\u0259stliy\u0259 malik olmas\u0131n\u0131 n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259 tuturdu. Bu model \u00e7ox u\u011furlu oldu v\u0259 b\u00fct\u00fcn d\u00fcnyada q\u0259bul edildi. Rusiyada Sankt-Peterburq Universitetinin (1819), Avstriyada Vyana Universitetinin (1848), AB\u015e-da Con Hopkins Universitetinin (1876), Yaponiyada Tokio Universitetinin1<\/sup> (1877), \u00c7ind\u0259 Pekin Universitetinin2<\/sup> (1898), Osmanl\u0131 imperiyas\u0131nda Dar\u00fclf\u00fcnunun (1863-1900) qurulmas\u0131 Humboldt modelinin b\u00fct\u00fcn d\u00fcnyaya yay\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n n\u0259tic\u0259sidir.<\/p>\n Humboldt modelind\u0259n \u0259vv\u0259l Avropada, x\u00fcsusil\u0259 Almaniyada g\u00fccl\u00fc universitetl\u0259r f\u0259aliyy\u0259t g\u00f6st\u0259rirdi. H\u0259min ill\u0259rd\u0259 alman ali t\u0259hsil sistemi Amerika t\u0259hsil sistemin\u0259 \u00e7ox g\u00fccl\u00fc t\u0259sir edirdi. Bel\u0259 ki, Amerikada 1740-c\u0131 ild\u0259 \u0259sas\u0131 qoyulan Pensilvaniya Universitetinin qurucusu Benjamin Franklin 1776-c\u0131 ild\u0259 Almaniyan\u0131n G\u00f6ttingen Universitetin\u0259 s\u0259f\u0259r edir. O, s\u0259f\u0259r zaman\u0131 universitetin kitabxanas\u0131na v\u0259 t\u0259hsil sistemin\u0259 heyran qald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bildirir.<\/p>\n G\u00f6ttingen Universiteti 1734-c\u00fc ild\u0259 ba\u015f nazir Gerla\u00e7 (Gerlach) Adolf t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n t\u0259sis edilib v\u0259 o d\u00f6vrd\u0259 Avropan\u0131n \u0259n g\u00f6rk\u0259mli universiteti hesab olunurdu. Amerikadan Avropaya edil\u0259n bu s\u0259f\u0259rl\u0259rin say\u0131 v\u0259 \u0259hat\u0259 dair\u0259si getdikc\u0259 geni\u015fl\u0259ndi. Bu m\u00fct\u0259madi t\u0259maslar v\u0259 \u0259m\u0259kda\u015fl\u0131q \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn yarad\u0131lm\u0131\u015f m\u00fchit n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 AB\u015e Federal H\u00f6kum\u0259ti 1815-1914-c\u00fc ill\u0259r aras\u0131nda minl\u0259rl\u0259 amerikal\u0131 t\u0259l\u0259b\u0259ni m\u00fcxt\u0259lif ali t\u0259hsil pill\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 oxumaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn Almaniyaya g\u00f6nd\u0259rdi. T\u0259hsild\u0259 at\u0131lan bu strateji add\u0131mlar Amerika ali t\u0259hsili \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn t\u0259m\u0259l da\u015f\u0131 rolunu oynad\u0131. Sonrak\u0131 ill\u0259rd\u0259 y\u00fcks\u0259k t\u0259hsil alm\u0131\u015f bu hey\u0259t \u00f6z \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 qay\u0131td\u0131 v\u0259 g\u00fccl\u00fc Amerika Akademiyas\u0131n\u0131n yarad\u0131lmas\u0131nda m\u00fch\u00fcm rol oynad\u0131 [38].<\/p>\n Bel\u0259likl\u0259, anqlo-sakson universitet modelinin Humboldt modeli il\u0259 qar\u0131\u015f\u0131b inki\u015faf etm\u0259si m\u00fcst\u0259qilliyini \u0259ld\u0259 ed\u0259n v\u0259 v\u0259t\u0259nda\u015f m\u00fcharib\u0259sini gerid\u0259 qoyan AB\u015e-da ba\u015f verdi. Amerika universitetl\u0259ri m\u00fcasir alman universitetinin \u00f6z\u0259k strukturunu \u0259sas g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u0259r\u0259k yeni universitet konsepsiyas\u0131n\u0131 i\u015fl\u0259yib haz\u0131rlad\u0131lar. Alman modelind\u0259 fak\u00fclt\u0259 \u00fczv\u00fc sinifd\u0259 t\u0259l\u0259b\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 \u00f6z fikirl\u0259rinin d\u00fczg\u00fcnl\u00fcy\u00fcn\u00fc izah edir, Amerika modeli is\u0259 professor-m\u00fc\u0259llim hey\u0259tinin m\u00fcbahis\u0259li m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 sinifd\u0259 neytral olmas\u0131n\u0131 v\u0259 m\u00fczakir\u0259y\u0259 r\u0259hb\u0259rlik etm\u0259sini t\u0259klif edirdi. Dig\u0259r t\u0259r\u0259fd\u0259n, alman modeli universitet daxilind\u0259 geni\u015f akademik m\u00fcst\u0259qilliy\u0259 imkan verir v\u0259 professor-m\u00fc\u0259llim hey\u0259tini universitetd\u0259n k\u0259narda q\u0259r\u0259zsiz h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259t etm\u0259y\u0259 t\u0259\u015fviq ed\u0259rk\u0259n, amerikan universitet modeli professor-m\u00fc\u0259llim hey\u0259tini \u00f6z intellektual bilikl\u0259rini universitetd\u0259n k\u0259narda c\u0259miyy\u0259tl\u0259 b\u00f6l\u00fc\u015fm\u0259y\u0259 t\u0259\u015fviq edirdi [20; 26].<\/p>\n G\u00f6r\u00fcnd\u00fcy\u00fc kimi, m\u00fcasir \u201ct\u0259dqiqat universiteti\u201d konsepsiyas\u0131 \u0259sas\u0259n AB\u015e t\u0259cr\u00fcb\u0259sinin m\u0259hsuludur. Bu universitetl\u0259r t\u0259dqiqat y\u00f6n\u00fcml\u00fc olsalar da, h\u0259m d\u0259 t\u0259hsil prosesini v\u0259 ictimai faydal\u0131 f\u0259aliyy\u0259tl\u0259rini y\u00fcks\u0259k s\u0259viyy\u0259d\u0259 davam etdirm\u0259yi h\u0259d\u0259fl\u0259yirl\u0259r. Akademik d\u0259y\u0259r s\u0131ralamas\u0131nda m\u00fcst\u0259qil t\u0259dqiqat v\u0259 t\u0259nqidi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnm\u0259 bacar\u0131qlar\u0131n\u0131n inki\u015faf\u0131na \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck verir, akademik strukturlar\u0131n\u0131 v\u0259 h\u0259v\u0259sl\u0259ndirm\u0259 mexanizml\u0259rini bu d\u0259y\u0259rl\u0259r\u0259 uy\u011fun t\u0259\u015fkil edirl\u0259r.<\/p>\n D\u00fcnyan\u0131n t\u0259dqiqat universitetl\u0259ri reytinqind\u0259 ilk 10 universitetin yaranma ill\u0259ri c\u0259dv\u0259l 1-d\u0259 verilmi\u015fdir.<\/p>\n \u00d6lk\u0259nin rifah s\u0259viyy\u0259sinin y\u00fcks\u0259ldilm\u0259si, t\u0259hsil almaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn m\u00fcnbit m\u00fchitin v\u0259 ictimai strukturun yarad\u0131lmas\u0131 ali t\u0259hsilin \u0259sas v\u0259zif\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259ndir. M\u00fcasir universitetl\u0259r h\u0259m yeni bilikl\u0259r istehsal edir, h\u0259m d\u0259 bu bilikl\u0259ri \u00f6t\u00fcrd\u00fckl\u0259ri \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn r\u0259q\u0259msal d\u00f6vr\u00fcn s\u00fcr\u0259tli v\u0259 inan\u0131lmaz t\u0259siri il\u0259 yaratd\u0131qlar\u0131 g\u00fccl\u00fc ekosistem\u0259 malik fundamental oxdur. T\u0259dqiqat universitetl\u0259ri is\u0259 bilik \u0259ld\u0259 etm\u0259k, t\u0259tbiqi t\u0259dqiqatlar\u0131n innovasiyaya \u00e7evrilm\u0259si, texnologiyan\u0131n kommersiyala\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, orijinal t\u0259dqiqat infrastrukturuna v\u0259 bu sah\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 h\u0259sr olunmu\u015f b\u00f6y\u00fck v\u0259 ciddi m\u0259rk\u0259zl\u0259r\u0259 malik olmaq, klinik sah\u0259 ara\u015fd\u0131rmalar\u0131 kimi x\u00fcsusiyy\u0259tl\u0259ri il\u0259 \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rin firavanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na v\u0259 g\u00fccl\u00fc iqtisadiyyat\u0131na intensiv v\u0259 funksional t\u0259sir g\u00f6st\u0259rirl\u0259r.<\/p>\n Qeyd edildiyi kimi, t\u0259dqiqat y\u00f6n\u00fcml\u00fc universitetl\u0259r dig\u0259r universitetl\u0259rd\u0259n bir s\u0131ra x\u00fcsusiyy\u0259tl\u0259rin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 f\u0259rql\u0259nirl\u0259r. Avropa T\u0259dqiqat Universitetl\u0259ri Liqas\u0131 (League of European Research Universities – LERU) t\u0259dqiqat universitetl\u0259ri \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dak\u0131 t\u00f6vsiy\u0259l\u0259ri t\u0259qdim edir. T\u0259dqiqat universitetl\u0259ri:<\/p>\n v fundamental t\u0259dqiqatlar\u0131 d\u0259st\u0259kl\u0259m\u0259li v\u0259 aparmal\u0131d\u0131r;<\/p>\n v b\u00fct\u00fcn akademik s\u0259viyy\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 t\u0259dqiqat\u00e7\u0131lara t\u0259dqiqat b\u00fct\u00f6vl\u00fcy\u00fc v\u0259 h\u0259d\u0259fliliyi (research integrity) \u00f6yr\u0259dilm\u0259lidir;<\/p>\n v t\u0259dqiqat sah\u0259sind\u0259 yax\u015f\u0131 t\u0259cr\u00fcb\u0259y\u0259 dair ayd\u0131n qanunvericilik i\u015fl\u0259yib haz\u0131rlamal\u0131, bu m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259 il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 komit\u0259l\u0259r yaratmal\u0131 v\u0259 h\u00fcquqi baza il\u0259 institusional strukturu n\u0259zar\u0259td\u0259 saxlamal\u0131d\u0131r;<\/p>\n v hesabatl\u0131 v\u0259 \u015f\u0259ffaf olmal\u0131d\u0131r;<\/p>\n v t\u0259dqiqat\u00e7\u0131lar \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn ayd\u0131n, etibarl\u0131, standartla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f t\u0259dqiqat m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259ti m\u00fchiti t\u0259qdim etm\u0259lidir [22].<\/p>\n Qeyd ed\u0259k ki, Avropa T\u0259dqiqat Universitetl\u0259ri Liqas\u0131 (LERU) ham\u0131s\u0131 d\u00f6vl\u0259t fondlar\u0131 t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n d\u0259st\u0259kl\u0259n\u0259n 23 universitetd\u0259n ibar\u0259tdir. 2013-c\u00fc ild\u0259 universitet birlikl\u0259ri, o c\u00fcml\u0259d\u0259n LERU, Hefei B\u0259yannam\u0259sind\u0259 t\u0259dqiqat universitetinin \u0259sas x\u00fcsusiyy\u0259tl\u0259rini qeyd etmi\u015fdir [34]. 19-20 may 2022-ci il tarixl\u0259rind\u0259 Hollandiyan\u0131n Leyden \u015f\u0259h\u0259rind\u0259 ke\u00e7iril\u0259n LERU-nun 20-ci yubiley konfrans\u0131nda LERU v\u0259 onun qlobal \u015f\u0259b\u0259k\u0259 t\u0259r\u0259fda\u015flar\u0131 t\u0259dqiqat intensivliyi olan universitetl\u0259rin d\u0259y\u0259rl\u0259rini bir daha t\u0259sdiql\u0259y\u0259n yeni b\u0259yanat yay\u0131mlad\u0131lar. COVID-19 pandemiyas\u0131 zaman\u0131 d\u00fcnyada t\u0259dqiqat universitetl\u0259rinin kritik t\u00f6hf\u0259si v\u0259 u\u011furunun be\u015f s\u0259b\u0259bi m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n edildi: etimad, m\u00fcxt\u0259liflik, a\u00e7\u0131ql\u0131q, akademik idar\u0259etm\u0259 v\u0259 azadl\u0131q. LERU il\u0259 yana\u015f\u0131, bu yenil\u0259nmi\u015f s\u0259n\u0259di Amerika Universitetl\u0259ri Assosiasiyas\u0131, Avstraliyan\u0131n \u201cS\u0259kkizlik Qrupu\u201d, Kanada U15, Almaniya U15, Yaponiya RU11 v\u0259 Britaniyan\u0131n Russell qruplar\u0131 da imzalay\u0131b. Bel\u0259likl\u0259, t\u0259dqiqat universitetl\u0259rinin qlobal n\u00fcmay\u0259nd\u0259l\u0259ri Leyden prinsipl\u0259rin\u0259 sadiqlikl\u0259rini ifad\u0259 edibl\u0259r [22].<\/p>\n Leyden prinsipl\u0259ri a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dak\u0131 kimi sadalan\u0131r:<\/p>\n v universitet daxilind\u0259 h\u0259yata ke\u00e7iril\u0259n b\u00fct\u00fcn ara\u015fd\u0131rmalarda m\u00fck\u0259mm\u0259lliy\u0259 can atmaq;<\/p>\n v geni\u015f v\u0259 d\u0259rin t\u0259dqiqat f\u0259aliyy\u0259ti;<\/p>\n v x\u00fcsusil\u0259 doktorantura proqramlar\u0131nda t\u0259dqiqat haz\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131na veril\u0259n \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259t;<\/p>\n v bakalavr v\u0259 magistratura s\u0259viyy\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 keyfiyy\u0259tli ali t\u0259hsil;<\/p>\n v t\u0259dqiqatda d\u00fcr\u00fcstl\u00fck v\u0259 etik d\u0259y\u0259rl\u0259r \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u0259n y\u00fcks\u0259k standartlar\u0131n t\u0259tbiqi;<\/p>\n v akademik azadl\u0131q v\u0259 m\u0259suliyy\u0259t;<\/p>\n v f\u0259rqli fikirl\u0259r\u0259 a\u00e7\u0131q v\u0259 tolerant olmaq;<\/p>\n v \u00f6z t\u0259dris v\u0259 t\u0259dqiqat prioritetl\u0259rini m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n etm\u0259k h\u00fcququ;<\/p>\n v yerli v\u0259 milli icmalar\u0131 d\u0259st\u0259kl\u0259m\u0259k, qlobal probleml\u0259r \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn h\u0259ll yollar\u0131 haz\u0131rlamaq;<\/p>\n v a\u00e7\u0131q v\u0259 \u015f\u0259ffaf idar\u0259etm\u0259 prinsipl\u0259ri [22].<\/p>\n Leyden prinsipl\u0259ri kimi fundamental prinsipl\u0259r\u0259 \u0259saslanmasa da, Karneqi T\u0259snifat\u0131 universitetin m\u00fch\u00fcm keyfiyy\u0259tl\u0259rin\u0259 d\u0259 diqq\u0259ti c\u0259lb edir. \u00d6l\u00e7m\u0259 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn geni\u015f istifad\u0259 edil\u0259n bu t\u0259snifatda universitetl\u0259r \u00f6z ixtisaslar\u0131na g\u00f6r\u0259 qrupla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. \u201cT\u0259dqiqat universitetl\u0259ri\u201d adlanan klaster \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn t\u0259l\u0259b olunan keyfiyy\u0259tl\u0259rd\u0259n b\u0259zil\u0259ri bunlard\u0131r: (i) m\u00fc\u0259ssis\u0259l\u0259rin kitabxanalar\u0131n\u0131n, m\u0259lumat \u0259ld\u0259 etm\u0259k kanallar\u0131n\u0131n, laboratoriyalar\u0131n\u0131n v\u0259 t\u0259l\u0259b\u0259l\u0259ri \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn h\u0259m t\u0259hsil, h\u0259m d\u0259 sosial infrastrukturunun m\u00f6vcudlu\u011fu v\u0259 davaml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131, (ii) ixtisasl\u0131 professor-m\u00fc\u0259llim hey\u0259ti v\u0259 t\u0259dqiqat\u00e7\u0131lar \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn c\u0259lbedici m\u0259rk\u0259z olmas\u0131, (iii) doktorantura proqramlar\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fcxt\u0259lifliyi v\u0259 keyfiyy\u0259ti, (iv) doktorantura m\u0259zunlar\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn d\u00fcnyada i\u015f tapmaq imkan\u0131. AB\u015e-da Karneqi T\u0259snifat\u0131nda \u201c\u00e7ox y\u00fcks\u0259k t\u0259dqiqat f\u0259aliyy\u0259ti\u201d klasterind\u0259 146 universitet yer al\u0131r [27].<\/p>\n Son 50 ild\u0259 ali t\u0259hsilin getdikc\u0259 dinamik v\u0259 \u00e7ox\u015fax\u0259li xarakterini n\u0259z\u0259r\u0259 alaraq, Amerika T\u0259hsil \u015euras\u0131 v\u0259 T\u0259drisin \u0130nki\u015faf\u0131 \u00fczr\u0259 Karneqi Fondu 2025-ci il Karneqi T\u0259snifatlar\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn t\u0259snifat strukturunu modernl\u0259\u015fdirir. 2025-ci il Karneqi T\u0259snifatlar\u0131na 1970-ci ill\u0259rin \u0259vv\u0259ll\u0259rind\u0259 Ali T\u0259hsil \u00fczr\u0259 Karneqi Komissiyas\u0131 t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n t\u0259dqiqat proqram\u0131n\u0131 d\u0259st\u0259kl\u0259m\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f \u018fsas T\u0259snifat kimi tan\u0131nan \u0259n\u0259n\u0259vi t\u0259snifat \u00e7\u0259r\u00e7iv\u0259sinin yenil\u0259nm\u0259si n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259 tutulur. \u018fsas T\u0259snifat ilkin olaraq 1973-c\u00fc ild\u0259 ictimai istifad\u0259 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn d\u0259rc edilib v\u0259 daha sonra 1976, 1987, 1994, 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015, 2018 v\u0259 2021-ci ill\u0259rd\u0259 yenil\u0259nib. 2025-ci il yenil\u0259m\u0259si daha \u00e7ox\u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fc kateqoriyalara ke\u00e7\u0259c\u0259k v\u0259 v\u0259ziyy\u0259ti daha yax\u015f\u0131 \u0259ks etdir\u0259c\u0259k. \u018fsas T\u0259snifatdan \u0259lav\u0259, 2025-ci il Karneqi T\u0259snifatlar\u0131na yeni Sosial v\u0259 \u0130qtisadi Mobillik t\u0259snifat\u0131 da daxil edil\u0259c\u0259k [16].<\/p>\n Bu kontekstd\u0259 \u0259lav\u0259 ed\u0259k ki, t\u0259d-qiqat universitetl\u0259ri ilk n\u00f6vb\u0259d\u0259 d\u00fcnya \u00fczr\u0259 d\u00f6vl\u0259t universitetl\u0259ridir. AB\u015e v\u0259 Yaponiyada fond universitetl\u0259ri v\u0259 t\u0259d-qiqat universitetl\u0259ri d\u0259 var. \u201cQS World University Rankings 2019\u201d m\u0259lumatlar\u0131na \u0259sas\u0259n, d\u00fcnyada t\u0259dqiqat universitetl\u0259rinin say\u0131 1011-dir. Bunlar\u0131n 40%-i Avropada, 26%-i Asiya-Sakit Okean h\u00f6vz\u0259sind\u0259, 18%-i AB\u015e v\u0259 Kanadada, 9%-i Lat\u0131n Amerikas\u0131nda, 7%-i is\u0259 Yax\u0131n \u015e\u0259rq v\u0259 Afrikada yerl\u0259\u015fir. M\u00fcxt\u0259lif \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 (m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, Almaniya, Niderland, \u0130sve\u00e7, Fransa, Rusiya, Amerika, \u00c7in, T\u00fcrkiy\u0259 v\u0259 s.) t\u0259dqiqat universitetl\u0259rinin inki\u015faf\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn milli s\u0259viyy\u0259d\u0259 strategiyalar v\u0259 t\u0259\u015f\u0259bb\u00fcsl\u0259r m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n edilmi\u015fdir [25].<\/p>\n T\u00fcrkiy\u0259d\u0259 t\u0259dqiqat universitetl\u0259rinin yarad\u0131lmas\u0131 il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 ilk m\u00fch\u00fcm add\u0131mlar \u00f6lk\u0259 prezidentinin 26 sentyabr 2017-ci il tarixli s\u0259r\u0259ncam\u0131ndan sonra s\u00fcr\u0259tl\u0259ndi. T\u00fcrkiy\u0259 Ali T\u0259hsil \u015euras\u0131n\u0131n (Y\u00d6K) h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irdiyi proqram\u0131n \u0259sas m\u0259qs\u0259di k\u00f6kl\u00fc universitetl\u0259rin t\u0259dqiqat m\u0259rk\u0259zl\u0259rind\u0259ki missiyalar\u0131n\u0131 f\u0259rql\u0259ndir\u0259r\u0259k daha qlobal r\u0259qab\u0259t\u0259davaml\u0131 bir struktur yaratmaq olmu\u015fdur. 10 t\u0259d-qiqat v\u0259 5 namiz\u0259d t\u0259dqiqat universitetinin m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259nl\u0259\u015fdirilm\u0259si m\u0259qs\u0259di da\u015f\u0131yan proqram\u0131n birinci m\u0259rh\u0259l\u0259sind\u0259 universitetl\u0259rd\u0259n niyy\u0259t b\u0259yannam\u0259l\u0259rini t\u0259qdim etm\u0259l\u0259ri t\u0259l\u0259b edilmi\u015fdir. 4 yanvar 2017-ci il tarixind\u0259 b\u00fct\u00fcn universitetl\u0259r\u0259 g\u00f6nd\u0259ril\u0259n bu niyy\u0259t b\u0259yanat\u0131 d\u0259v\u0259t m\u0259ktubuna 58 universitetd\u0259n cavab g\u0259lmi\u015fdir. Universitetl\u0259rin r\u0259yind\u0259n sonra 3 m\u0259rh\u0259l\u0259d\u0259n ibar\u0259t qiym\u0259tl\u0259ndirm\u0259 proqram\u0131 haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r.<\/p>\n Birinci m\u0259rh\u0259l\u0259d\u0259 m\u00fcraci\u0259t etmi\u015f 58 universitet r\u0259hb\u0259rlik t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n edilmi\u015f parametrl\u0259r \u00fczr\u0259 qiym\u0259tl\u0259ndirilmi\u015f v\u0259 siyah\u0131dak\u0131 universitet say\u0131 25-\u0259 enmi\u015fdir. Universitetl\u0259rin se\u00e7imind\u0259 istifad\u0259 olunan \u0259sas meyar a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dak\u0131 kimi olmu\u015fdur. Universitetin:<\/p>\n – missiyas\u0131, vizyonu v\u0259 m\u0259qs\u0259dl\u0259ri,<\/p>\n – t\u0259dqiqat b\u00fcdc\u0259si,<\/p>\n – t\u0259dqiqat\u0131n idar\u0259 edilm\u0259si siyas\u0259ti v\u0259 strategiyalar\u0131,<\/p>\n – insan resurslar\u0131 v\u0259 t\u0259dqiqat infrastrukturu,<\/p>\n R\u0259q\u0259msal m\u0259lumatlar:<\/p>\n – elmi n\u0259\u015frl\u0259rin say\u0131,<\/p>\n – sitatlar\u0131n say\u0131,<\/p>\n – beyn\u0259lxalq \u0259m\u0259kda\u015fl\u0131q n\u0259\u015frl\u0259rinin say\u0131,<\/p>\n – layih\u0259 fondunun m\u0259bl\u0259\u011fi,<\/p>\n – beyn\u0259lxalq \u0259m\u0259kda\u015fl\u0131q layih\u0259si fondunun m\u0259bl\u0259\u011fi,<\/p>\n – patent s\u0259n\u0259dl\u0259rinin say\u0131,<\/p>\n – doktorantura m\u0259zunlar\u0131n\u0131n say\u0131,<\/p>\n – 100\/2000-\u0259 d\u00fc\u015f\u0259n doktorantlar\u0131n say\u0131 [38].<\/p>\n \u0130kinci m\u0259rh\u0259l\u0259d\u0259, ilk qiym\u0259tl\u0259ndirm\u0259d\u0259 u\u011fur qazanm\u0131\u015f 25 universitetd\u0259n n\u00fcmun\u0259si R\u0259yas\u0259t Hey\u0259ti t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n edilmi\u015f \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcqiym\u0259tl\u0259ndirm\u0259 hesabat\u0131 t\u0259l\u0259b edilmi\u015fdir. 2-ci v\u0259 3-c\u00fc m\u0259rh\u0259l\u0259l\u0259r \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn bir komissiya yarad\u0131lm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Komissiyan\u0131n \u00fczvl\u0259ri aras\u0131nda T\u00fcrkiy\u0259 Elmi v\u0259 Texnoloji Ara\u015fd\u0131rmalar \u015euras\u0131n\u0131n (T\u00dcB\u0130TAK) s\u0259dri, Elm, S\u0259naye v\u0259 Texnologiya Nazirliyinin n\u00fcmay\u0259nd\u0259si, \u0130nki\u015faf Nazirliyinin Sosial Sektorlar Ba\u015f \u0130dar\u0259sinin n\u00fcmay\u0259nd\u0259si v\u0259 b\u0259zi rektorlar yer alm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Bu komissiya 2-ci m\u0259rh\u0259l\u0259d\u0259 daxil olan hesabatlar\u0131 qiym\u0259tl\u0259ndir\u0259r\u0259k 3-c\u00fc m\u0259rh\u0259l\u0259d\u0259 19 universitetin i\u015ftirak\u0131na q\u0259rar vermi\u015fdir. \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc m\u0259rh\u0259l\u0259d\u0259ki qiym\u0259tl\u0259ndirm\u0259d\u0259 7 avqust 2017-ci il tarixind\u0259 19 universitetin rektorlar\u0131 v\u0259 onlar\u0131 m\u00fc\u015fayi\u0259t ed\u0259n universitetin 2 n\u00fcmay\u0259nd\u0259si il\u0259 \u00fczb\u0259\u00fcz m\u00fcsahib\u0259l\u0259r apar\u0131lm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Bu m\u00fcsahib\u0259l\u0259r n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 10 t\u0259dqiqat v\u0259 5 namiz\u0259d t\u0259dqiqat universiteti m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n edilmi\u015fdir. Bu universitetl\u0259r 26 sentyabr 2017-ci il tarixind\u0259 T\u00fcrkiy\u0259 Prezidenti t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n R\u0259yas\u0259t Hey\u0259tinin himay\u0259si alt\u0131nda ke\u00e7iril\u0259n Akademik A\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u015f M\u0259rasimind\u0259 elan edilmi\u015fdir. 2018-ci ild\u0259 universitetl\u0259rin b\u00f6l\u00fcnm\u0259si il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 f\u0259rmandan sonra bu siyah\u0131ya \u0130stanbul Universiteti-C\u0259rrahpa\u015fa da \u0259lav\u0259 edilmi\u015f v\u0259 t\u0259dqiqat universitetl\u0259rinin say\u0131 11-\u0259 y\u00fcks\u0259lmi\u015fdir (Ankara, Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i, Qazi, Gebze Teknik, \u018frciy\u0259z, \u0130stanbul Teknik, ODT\u00dc, \u0130stanbul Universiteti C\u0259rrahpa\u015fa, Hacett\u0259p\u0259, \u0130stanbul, \u0130zmir Texnologiya \u0130nstitutu. Namiz\u0259d t\u0259dqiqat universitetl\u0259ri: Bursa Uluda\u011f, \u00c7ukurova, Ege, S\u0259l\u00e7uk v\u0259 Y\u0131ld\u0131z Texniki universitetl\u0259ri) [38].<\/p>\n Bel\u0259likl\u0259, t\u0259dqiqat universiteti t\u0259bii f\u0259aliyy\u0259tl\u0259ri il\u0259 bir b\u00f6lg\u0259d\u0259 v\u0259 ya \u00f6lk\u0259d\u0259 t\u0259dqiqat v\u0259 inki\u015faf f\u0259aliyy\u0259tl\u0259rinin \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tli bir hiss\u0259sini t\u0259min edir. Bel\u0259 bir universitetin h\u0259m d\u0259 t\u0259dqiqat f\u0259aliyy\u0259tini h\u0259yata ke\u00e7ir\u0259c\u0259k, innovativ ideyalar\u0131 inki\u015faf etdir\u0259c\u0259k, t\u0259dqiqat v\u0259 inki\u015faf\u0131 istiqam\u0259tl\u0259ndir\u0259c\u0259k v\u0259 idar\u0259 ed\u0259c\u0259k i\u015f\u00e7i q\u00fcvv\u0259si n\u0259sill\u0259ri yeti\u015fdirm\u0259si g\u00f6zl\u0259nilir.<\/p>\n \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n T\u0259dqiqat universitetl\u0259rinin yarad\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn ba\u015fl\u0131ca faktorlardan biri d\u0259 m\u00fcvafiq kadrlara v\u0259 t\u0259l\u0259b olunan b\u00fcdc\u0259y\u0259 malik olmaqd\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnki keyfiyy\u0259tli t\u0259dqiqat aparmaq r\u0259qb\u0259t\u0259davaml\u0131 kadr v\u0259 b\u00fcdc\u0259 il\u0259 d\u00fcz m\u00fct\u0259nasibdir.<\/p>\n Elmin inki\u015faf\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u0259sas faktorlardan hesab olunan maliyy\u0259 x\u0259rcl\u0259ri v\u0259 kadr potensial\u0131na t\u0259l\u0259bl\u0259r d\u00fcnya \u00fczr\u0259 ild\u0259nil\u0259 art\u0131r. Buna g\u00f6r\u0259 d\u0259 elmin inki\u015faf\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u0259n vacib faktor olan elmi kadr potensial\u0131n\u0131n inki\u015faf etdirilm\u0259si, yeni \u00e7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131\u015flara uy\u011fun m\u00fct\u0259x\u0259ssisl\u0259rin haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131 v\u0259 t\u0259hsilin keyfiyy\u0259t g\u00f6st\u0259ricil\u0259rinin art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259ri aktualla\u015f\u0131r [11; 12].<\/p>\n D\u00fcnya Bank\u0131n\u0131n statistik m\u0259lumat bazas\u0131nda [29] d\u00fcnyada doktorluq proqram\u0131 \u00fczr\u0259 \u0259n \u00e7ox m\u0259zun olan \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259r aras\u0131nda 1-ci yeri AB\u015e tutur. Sonrak\u0131 yerl\u0259rd\u0259 Almaniya, Birl\u0259\u015fmi\u015f Krall\u0131q, Hindistan, Yaponiya, Fransa, C\u0259nubi Koreya, \u0130spaniya, \u0130taliya v\u0259 Avstraliya g\u0259lir.<\/p>\n D\u00fcnya Bank\u0131n\u0131n son statistik g\u00f6st\u0259ricil\u0259rind\u0259 [29] h\u0259r milyon n\u0259f\u0259r \u0259haliy\u0259 d\u00fc\u015f\u0259n t\u0259dqiqat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n say\u0131na g\u00f6r\u0259 ilk yeri 7198 n\u0259f\u0259r t\u0259dqiqat\u00e7\u0131 say\u0131 il\u0259 Danimarka tutur. D\u00fcnya Bank\u0131n\u0131n bu statistik g\u00f6st\u0259ricisind\u0259 ke\u00e7mi\u015f SSR\u0130 v\u0259 qon\u015fu respublikalar aras\u0131nda Estoniya, Rusiya, Litva nisb\u0259t\u0259n y\u00fcks\u0259k g\u00f6st\u0259riciy\u0259 malik \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259r siyah\u0131s\u0131ndad\u0131r.<\/p>\n Az\u0259rbaycana g\u0259linc\u0259, D\u00f6vl\u0259t Statistika Komit\u0259sinin m\u0259lumat\u0131na \u0259sas\u0259n, \u00f6lk\u0259mizd\u0259 bir milyon \u0259haliy\u0259 d\u00fc\u015f\u0259n t\u0259dqiqat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n say\u0131 2600 n\u0259f\u0259rdir. Az\u0259rbaycanda ali t\u0259hsillil\u0259rin say\u0131 \u00fcmumi \u0259halinin 10%-ni, iqtisadi f\u0259al \u0259halinin is\u0259 20%-ni t\u0259\u015fkil edir. Elmi t\u0259dqiqat v\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259m\u0259l\u0259rl\u0259 m\u0259\u015f\u011ful olan hey\u0259t is\u0259 iqtisadi f\u0259al \u0259halinin 0.5%-ni t\u0259\u015fkil edir [3].<\/p>\n \u00dcmumilikd\u0259 \u00f6lk\u0259d\u0259, o c\u00fcml\u0259d\u0259n Az\u0259rbaycan Milli Elml\u0259r Akademiyas\u0131n\u0131n (AMEA) elmi-t\u0259dqiqat institutlar\u0131nda elmi kadrlar\u0131n haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131 doktorantura, dissertantura v\u0259 magistratura (2015-ci ild\u0259n etibar\u0259n) yolu il\u0259 h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irilir.<\/p>\n 2023-c\u00fc ilin m\u0259lumat\u0131na \u0259sas\u0259n, \u00f6lk\u0259d\u0259 f\u0259ls\u0259f\u0259 doktoru proqram\u0131n\u0131 h\u0259yata ke\u00e7ir\u0259n m\u00fc\u0259ssis\u0259l\u0259rin say\u0131 116 (\u043e c\u00fcml\u0259d\u0259n elmi m\u00fc\u0259ssis\u0259 v\u0259 t\u0259\u015fkilatlar \u2013 74; ali t\u0259hsil m\u00fc\u0259ssis\u0259l\u0259ri – 42), f\u0259ls\u0259f\u0259 doktoru proqram\u0131 \u00fczr\u0259 t\u0259hsil alanlar\u0131n say\u0131 2562 n\u0259f\u0259r (o c\u00fcml\u0259d\u0259n qad\u0131nlar\u0131n say\u0131 1298) olub. Eyni ild\u0259 688 n\u0259f\u0259r f\u0259ls\u0259f\u0259 doktoru proqram\u0131 \u00fczr\u0259 doktoranturaya q\u0259bul olub, f\u0259ls\u0259f\u0259 doktoru proqram\u0131n\u0131 bitir\u0259nl\u0259r say\u0131 is\u0259 613 n\u0259f\u0259r (o c\u00fcml\u0259d\u0259n dissertasiya m\u00fcdafi\u0259 etm\u0259kl\u0259 – 20) olub [3].<\/p>\n 2023-c\u00fc ilin sonuna t\u0259dqiqat\u00e7\u0131 m\u00fct\u0259x\u0259ssisl\u0259rin ya\u015f qruplar\u0131na v\u0259 cins\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 b\u00f6lg\u00fcs\u00fc c\u0259dv\u0259l 2-d\u0259ki kimi olub.<\/p>\n 2023-c\u00fc ild\u0259 elml\u0259r doktoru proqram\u0131n\u0131 h\u0259yata ke\u00e7ir\u0259n m\u00fc\u0259ssis\u0259l\u0259rin say\u0131 \u00f6lk\u0259 \u00fczr\u0259 89 olub. Elml\u0259r doktoru proqram\u0131 \u00fczr\u0259 t\u0259hsil alanlar\u0131n say\u0131 608 n\u0259f\u0259r (o c\u00fcml\u0259d\u0259n qad\u0131nlar say\u0131 353 n\u0259f\u0259r) olub. Eyni ild\u0259 elml\u0259r doktoru proqram\u0131 \u00fczr\u0259 111 n\u0259f\u0259r q\u0259bul edilib, elml\u0259r doktoru proqram\u0131n\u0131 bitir\u0259nl\u0259rin say\u0131 120 n\u0259f\u0259r (o c\u00fcml\u0259d\u0259n dissertasiya m\u00fcdafi\u0259 etm\u0259kl\u0259 – 10) olub [3].<\/p>\n D\u00fcnya miqyas\u0131nda baxd\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda \u00c7ind\u0259 doktorluq d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259si alan m\u0259zunlar\u0131n say\u0131 h\u0259r 1000 n\u0259f\u0259r\u0259 2,2 n\u0259f\u0259rdir; Amerikada h\u0259r 1000 n\u0259f\u0259r\u0259 1,7; Avropa \u0130ttifaq\u0131 \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 h\u0259r 1000 n\u0259f\u0259r\u0259 1,5 n\u0259f\u0259r d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr. T\u00fcrkiy\u0259d\u0259 bu g\u00f6st\u0259rici h\u0259r 1000 n\u0259f\u0259r\u0259 0,4 t\u0259\u015fkil edir [3].<\/p>\n D\u00fcnya \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259ri elmi t\u0259dqiqatlara qoyulan s\u0259rmay\u0259ni ild\u0259n-il\u0259 art\u0131raraq inki\u015faf \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn yeni perspektivl\u0259r axtar\u0131rlar. Son ill\u0259r AB\u015e, Avropa, Yaponiya v\u0259 \u00c7in kimi \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rl\u0259 yana\u015f\u0131 C\u0259nub-\u015e\u0259rqi Asiya \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259ri d\u0259 elmi t\u0259dqiqatlara daha \u00e7ox v\u0259sait ay\u0131r\u0131rlar. D\u00fcnyada elmin inki\u015faf\u0131na ayr\u0131lan v\u0259saitin 23%-i AB\u015e-\u0131n, 21%-i \u00c7inin, 13%-i is\u0259 Yaponiyan\u0131n pay\u0131na d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr. D\u00fcnyan\u0131n \u0259sas elm m\u0259rk\u0259zl\u0259ri haql\u0131 olaraq \u015eimali Amerika, Avropa v\u0259 \u015e\u0259rqi Asiya \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259ri hesab olunur. D\u00fcnya t\u0259cr\u00fcb\u0259sin\u0259 \u0259sas\u0259n h\u0259r bir \u00f6lk\u0259d\u0259 elmi t\u0259dqiqatlara ayr\u0131lan illik x\u0259rcl\u0259r orta hesabla \u00dcDM-in 2-4 faizini t\u0259\u015fkil etm\u0259lidir. Elmi t\u0259dqiqatlara ayr\u0131lan maliyy\u0259 v\u0259saitinin \u00dcDM-d\u0259 x\u00fcsusi \u00e7\u0259kisinin az olmas\u0131 elmi hey\u0259tin, elmi kadr potensial\u0131n\u0131n azalmas\u0131na s\u0259b\u0259b olur ki, bu da y\u00fcks\u0259k elmi n\u0259tic\u0259l\u0259rin al\u0131nmas\u0131na m\u0259nfi t\u0259sir edir [9].<\/p>\n D\u00fcnya t\u0259cr\u00fcb\u0259si g\u00f6st\u0259rir ki, t\u0259dqiqat v\u0259 inki\u015faf f\u0259aliyy\u0259tl\u0259rin\u0259 \u015firk\u0259tl\u0259r \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tli kapital qoyurlar. UNESCO-nun statistikas\u0131na g\u00f6r\u0259, t\u0259dqiqat v\u0259 inki\u015fafa qoyulan qlobal x\u0259rcl\u0259r dem\u0259k olar ki, 1,7 trilyon AB\u015e dollar\u0131 t\u0259\u015fkil etm\u0259kl\u0259 rekord h\u0259dd\u0259 \u00e7at\u0131b. X\u0259rcl\u0259rin 80 faizi 10-a yax\u0131n \u00f6lk\u0259nin (AB\u015e, \u00c7in, Yaponiya, Hindistan, Almaniya, C\u0259nubi Koreya, Fransa, B\u00f6y\u00fck Britaniya, Tayvan, Rusiya) pay\u0131na d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr. Avropa \u0130ttifaq\u0131n\u0131n 2021-ci ild\u0259 t\u0259dqiqat v\u0259 inki\u015fafa ay\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 v\u0259sait 328 milyard avro olub. 2011-2021-ci ill\u0259r aras\u0131nda Avropa \u0130ttifaq\u0131n\u0131n t\u0259dqiqat v\u0259 inki\u015faf x\u0259rcl\u0259rinin b\u00f6y\u00fck hiss\u0259si \u00f6z\u0259l sektorda h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irilib ki, bu da s\u00f6z\u00fcged\u0259n x\u0259rcl\u0259rin \u00fczv \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rin \u00fcmumi daxili m\u0259hsulda (\u00dcDM) pay\u0131n\u0131n 2011-2021-ci ill\u0259r aras\u0131nda 1,27 faizd\u0259n 1,50 faiz\u0259 y\u00fcks\u0259lm\u0259sin\u0259 s\u0259b\u0259b olub [9].<\/p>\n B\u0259zi ekspertl\u0259r elm\u0259 ayr\u0131lan x\u0259rcl\u0259rin d\u00f6vl\u0259t b\u00fcdc\u0259si hesab\u0131na deyil, b\u00fcdc\u0259d\u0259nk\u0259nar v\u0259sait hesab\u0131na formala\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 v\u0259 b\u00fcdc\u0259 v\u0259saitinin minimuma endirilm\u0259sini t\u0259klif edirl\u0259r. Lakin inki\u015faf etmi\u015f \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 elmi t\u0259dqiqat v\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259m\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 ayr\u0131lan x\u0259rcl\u0259r \u00dcDM-in stabil t\u0259rkib hiss\u0259si olaraq d\u00f6vl\u0259t x\u0259rcl\u0259rind\u0259 prioritet t\u0259\u015fkil edir. Qeyri-d\u00f6vl\u0259t b\u00fcdc\u0259si v\u0259saitinin h\u0259cminin artmas\u0131 istehsalat v\u0259 biznes maraqlar\u0131n\u0131n artmas\u0131 fonunda ba\u015f verir. M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, son ill\u0259r d\u00fcnyan\u0131n b\u00f6y\u00fck korporasiyalar\u0131 APPLE, MERCEDES, SONY, SAMSUNG, HUAWEY v\u0259 dig\u0259rl\u0259ri elm sah\u0259sin\u0259 b\u00f6y\u00fck yat\u0131r\u0131mlar ed\u0259r\u0259k ciddi qazanc \u0259ld\u0259 edir, istedadl\u0131 g\u0259ncl\u0259r \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn elm v\u0259 t\u0259hsil sah\u0259sind\u0259 x\u00fcsusi t\u0259qa\u00fcdl\u0259r v\u0259 m\u00fckafatlar t\u0259sis edirl\u0259r [9].<\/p>\n BMT-nin Dayan\u0131ql\u0131 \u0130nki\u015faf M\u0259qs\u0259dl\u0259rinin bir hiss\u0259si olaraq, \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259r 2030-cu il\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r d\u00f6vl\u0259t v\u0259 \u00f6z\u0259l t\u0259dqiqat v\u0259 inki\u015faf x\u0259rcl\u0259rini, el\u0259c\u0259 d\u0259 t\u0259dqiqat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n say\u0131n\u0131 \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tli d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259d\u0259 art\u0131rma\u011f\u0131 \u00f6hd\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcbl\u0259r. Bir \u00e7ox \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259r elmi-t\u0259dqiqat v\u0259 inki\u015faf x\u0259rcl\u0259ri \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn milli h\u0259d\u0259fl\u0259ri \u00dcDM pay\u0131 kimi m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n etm\u0259kl\u0259 h\u0259m \u00f6z\u0259l, h\u0259m d\u0259 d\u00f6vl\u0259t sektoruna daha \u00e7ox s\u0259rmay\u0259 qoyma\u011fa \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r [15].<\/p>\n Respublikam\u0131zda t\u0259dqiqat v\u0259 inki\u015faf f\u0259aliyy\u0259tl\u0259ri il\u0259 m\u0259\u015f\u011ful olan t\u0259\u015fkilatlar\u0131n say\u0131 2022-ci ild\u0259 131, 2023-c\u00fc ild\u0259 is\u0259 134 olub. 2023-c\u00fc ild\u0259 d\u00f6vl\u0259t b\u00fcdc\u0259sind\u0259n elm\u0259 \u00e7\u0259kil\u0259n x\u0259rcl\u0259r 193.6 milyon manat olub. Bu da \u00fcmumi daxili m\u0259hsula nisb\u0259t\u0259n 0.16 faiz, d\u00f6vl\u0259t b\u00fcdc\u0259sinin x\u0259rcl\u0259rin\u0259 nisb\u0259t\u0259n 0.53 faiz olub. 2023-c\u00fc ild\u0259 t\u0259dqiqat v\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259m\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 \u00e7\u0259kil\u0259n \u00fcmumi x\u0259rcl\u0259r 225393.6 milyon manat olub. T\u0259dqiqat v\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259m\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 \u00e7\u0259kil\u0259n daxili x\u0259rcl\u0259r 223639.5 milyon manat (\u00fcmumi daxili m\u0259hsula nisb\u0259t\u0259n 0,2 faiz) olub. Elmin sah\u0259l\u0259ri \u00fczr\u0259 t\u0259dqiqat v\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259m\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 \u00e7\u0259kil\u0259n daxili cari x\u0259rcl\u0259r 220354.9 milyon manat (o c\u00fcml\u0259d\u0259n t\u0259bi\u0259t \u2013 57194; texniki – 65472.9; tibb – 16921.5; k\u0259nd t\u0259s\u0259rr\u00fcfat\u0131 – 21962.9; ictimai – 20359.6; humanitar – 38444) olub [3].<\/p>\n Yuxar\u0131da qeyd edil\u0259n statistik m\u0259lumatlardan m\u0259lum olur ki, Az\u0259rbaycanda t\u0259dqiqat v\u0259 inki\u015faf f\u0259aliyy\u0259tl\u0259ri \u00fczr\u0259 x\u0259rcl\u0259rd\u0259 art\u0131m m\u00fc\u015fahid\u0259 olunsa da, \u00f6z\u0259l sektor bu f\u0259aliyy\u0259td\u0259 olduqca gerid\u0259dir. 2020-ci ild\u0259 \u00fcmumi x\u0259rcl\u0259n\u0259n v\u0259saitin yaln\u0131z 3,3 faizi, 2021-ci ild\u0259 2,9 faizi \u00f6z\u0259l sektorun pay\u0131na d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcb. T\u0259dqiqat v\u0259 inki\u015faf f\u0259aliyy\u0259tl\u0259ri il\u0259 m\u0259\u015f\u011ful olan t\u0259\u015fkilatlar\u0131n say\u0131nda art\u0131m m\u00fc\u015fahid\u0259 olunsa da, \u00f6z\u0259l sektorda bu c\u00fcr t\u0259\u015fkilatlar olduqca azl\u0131q t\u0259\u015fkil edir (2020-2021-ci ill\u0259rd\u0259 m\u00fcvafiq olaraq 3 faiz v\u0259 5 faiz) [15].<\/p>\n Avropa T\u0259dqiqat Universitetl\u0259ri Liqas\u0131na (LERU) daxil olan universitetl\u0259rin iqtisadiyyata t\u00f6hf\u0259si il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 haz\u0131rlanan hesabatda, bu universitetl\u0259rin yaratd\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fcmumi \u0259lav\u0259 d\u0259y\u0259rin h\u0259r 1 avronun Avropa iqtisadiyyat\u0131na verdiyi t\u00f6hf\u0259 7 avro \u00fcmumi \u0259lav\u0259 d\u0259y\u0259r v\u0259 6 i\u015f yeri olaraq \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcr. Yaln\u0131z 2016-c\u0131 ild\u0259 bu t\u0259sirin d\u0259y\u0259ri \u00fcmumi \u0259lav\u0259 d\u0259y\u0259rd\u0259 14,5 milyard avroya v\u0259 222,800 n\u0259f\u0259rin m\u0259\u015f\u011fullu\u011funa uy\u011fun olub [18].<\/p>\n \u00dcmumilikd\u0259 universitet f\u0259aliyy\u0259tinin d\u0259y\u0259rinin r\u0259q\u0259ml\u0259 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclm\u0259si m\u00fcbahis\u0259li m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259 olsa da, dey\u0259 bil\u0259rik ki, universitetl\u0259r\u0259 k\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcr\u00fcl\u0259n v\u0259saitin h\u0259cmi (birba\u015fa v\u0259 ya \u00fcmumi t\u0259dqiqat v\u0259 inki\u015fafa ayr\u0131lan paylar \u00e7\u0259r\u00e7iv\u0259sind\u0259) \u0259lav\u0259 d\u0259y\u0259rin g\u00f6st\u0259ricisidir [30].<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n \u0130lk n\u00f6vb\u0259d\u0259 qeyd ed\u0259k ki, ilk d\u00fcnya universitet reytinqi 2003-c\u00fc ild\u0259 \u00c7inin Jiao Tong Universiteti t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n t\u0259rtib edilib. D\u00fcnya Universitetl\u0259rinin Akademik S\u0131ralamas\u0131 (ARWU) adlanan bu ara\u015fd\u0131rma daha sonra d\u00fcnyan\u0131n m\u00fcxt\u0259lif \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 bir \u00e7ox qurumlar t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n t\u0259rtib edil\u0259n reytinql\u0259rl\u0259 izl\u0259nildi. \u018fsas d\u00fcnya reytinql\u0259rin\u0259 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dak\u0131lar daxildir: The CWTS Leiden Ranking, The Times Higher Education World University Rankings, The Center for World University Rankings (CWUR), National Tayvan University Ranking (NTU), QS World University Rankings v\u0259 s.<\/p>\n Bu qurumlar t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n apar\u0131lan ara\u015fd\u0131rmalar\u0131n meyar kimi m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n etdiyi m\u0259qamlar haqq\u0131nda t\u0259f\u0259rr\u00fcatlara varmadan qeyd etm\u0259k olar ki, t\u0259hsilin keyfiyy\u0259ti, t\u0259l\u0259b\u0259 m\u0259mnuniyy\u0259ti, internet s\u0259hif\u0259sinin v\u0259ziyy\u0259ti, n\u0259\u015frl\u0259rin say\u0131, t\u0259l\u0259b\u0259y\u0259 d\u00fc\u015f\u0259n professor-m\u00fc\u0259llim hey\u0259tinin say\u0131, m\u0259zun olduqdan sonra i\u015f tapmaq imkanlar\u0131, akademik hey\u0259tin ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u0259m\u0259khaqq\u0131 v\u0259 \u0259lav\u0259 \u00f6d\u0259ni\u015fl\u0259r, n\u0259\u015frl\u0259rin sitat say\u0131, kampus \u015f\u0259raiti v\u0259 s. \u0259sas g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcr. Reytiqnl\u0259r \u00fczr\u0259 bu qiym\u0259tl\u0259ndirm\u0259l\u0259r h\u0259r bir t\u0259\u015fkilata g\u00f6r\u0259 d\u0259yi\u015fir. Buna g\u00f6r\u0259 d\u0259, m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, bir qurumun u\u011fur s\u0131ralamas\u0131nda ilk 500-d\u0259 olan universitet dig\u0259r bir qiym\u0259tl\u0259ndirm\u0259d\u0259 bu \u00e7\u0259r\u00e7iv\u0259d\u0259n k\u0259narda qala bil\u0259r. Bu m\u0259qam t\u0259dqiqat\u00e7\u0131lar t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n m\u00fczakir\u0259 edilir v\u0259 ya t\u0259nqid olunur. Buradak\u0131 f\u0259rqin \u0259sas\u0131 m\u00fcxt\u0259lif meyarlardan v\u0259 ya t\u0259dqiqat metodlar\u0131ndan qaynaqlan\u0131r. Lakin h\u0259r \u015fey\u0259 r\u0259\u011fm\u0259n bu reytinql\u0259rin universitetl\u0259r\u0259 m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n m\u0259nada t\u0259sir etdiyini v\u0259 onlara motivasiya verdiyini qeyd etm\u0259k olar [35].<\/p>\n Universitet se\u00e7iml\u0259ri ed\u0259rk\u0259n bu reytinql\u0259r t\u0259l\u0259b\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 v\u0259 onlar\u0131n ail\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 universitetin yeri v\u0259 funksiyas\u0131 haqq\u0131nda m\u0259lumat verir. \u0130\u015f yerl\u0259ri \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn m\u00fcraci\u0259t ed\u0259rk\u0259n \u00f6z\u0259l v\u0259 d\u00f6vl\u0259t qurumlar\u0131 bu reytinqd\u0259 universitetl\u0259ri bitir\u0259n t\u0259l\u0259b\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck ver\u0259 bil\u0259r. Eynil\u0259, professor-m\u00fc\u0259llim hey\u0259ti d\u0259 reytinqin zirv\u0259sind\u0259 olan universitetl\u0259ri se\u00e7\u0259 bil\u0259r. Beyn\u0259lxalq t\u0259l\u0259b\u0259 m\u00fcbadil\u0259si il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 universitetl\u0259r haqq\u0131nda m\u0259lumat \u0259ld\u0259 edilir v\u0259 bu reytinql\u0259rd\u0259 birinci olan universitetl\u0259rl\u0259 \u0259m\u0259kda\u015fl\u0131q etm\u0259k daha arzuolunan hesab edilir. Bu s\u0131ralama m\u00fcxt\u0259lif beyn\u0259lxalq universitetl\u0259rl\u0259 akademik \u0259m\u0259kda\u015fl\u0131q qurark\u0259n d\u0259 t\u0259sirli ola bil\u0259r. N\u0259hay\u0259t, yerli v\u0259 beyn\u0259lxalq ictimaiyy\u0259tin bu universitetl\u0259r haqq\u0131nda m\u00fcsb\u0259t r\u0259yinin y\u00fcks\u0259k olmas\u0131 onlar\u0131 a\u011f\u0131la g\u0259l\u0259n ilk universitetl\u0259r kimi tan\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n U\u011fur s\u0131ralamalar\u0131nda obyektivlik, metodoloji probleml\u0259r, meyarlar kimi x\u00fcsusiyy\u0259tl\u0259r\u0259 \u0259saslanan t\u0259nqidl\u0259r bir k\u0259nara qoyulsa, bu reytinqd\u0259 yer almaq ist\u0259y\u0259n universitetl\u0259rin n\u0259 etm\u0259li oldu\u011fu m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259sini g\u00fcnd\u0259m\u0259 g\u0259tirm\u0259k daha faydal\u0131 olar. \u0130lk n\u00f6vb\u0259d\u0259 qeyd edilm\u0259li olan m\u0259qam ondan ibar\u0259tdir ki, universitetl\u0259r elmi-t\u0259dqiqat m\u00fc\u0259ssis\u0259si kimi \u00f6lk\u0259y\u0259 t\u00f6hf\u0259 verir. \u018fslind\u0259, AB\u015e Ali T\u0259hsil \u015euras\u0131 v\u0259 Avropadak\u0131 m\u00fcxt\u0259lif t\u0259\u015fkilatlar t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n apar\u0131lan ara\u015fd\u0131rmalarda, professor-m\u00fc\u0259llim hey\u0259tinin t\u0259dris \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn s\u0259rf etdikl\u0259ri m\u00fcdd\u0259tl\u0259rin azald\u0131lmas\u0131, \u00f6lk\u0259y\u0259 v\u0259 elm\u0259 daha \u00e7ox t\u00f6hf\u0259 verm\u0259l\u0259ri vur\u011fulan\u0131r. Buna \u0259saslanaraq, b\u00fct\u00fcn d\u00fcnyada uzun ill\u0259r \u0259vv\u0259l f\u0259aliyy\u0259t\u0259 ba\u015flayan, lakin son ill\u0259rd\u0259 b\u00f6y\u00fck \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259t k\u0259sb ed\u0259n t\u0259dqiqat universitetl\u0259rinin \u00f6n\u0259 \u00e7\u0259kilm\u0259si v\u0259 bu x\u00fcsusiyy\u0259tl\u0259ri say\u0259sind\u0259 ixtisas sah\u0259l\u0259rinin yarad\u0131lmas\u0131 h\u0259d\u0259fl\u0259nir.<\/p>\n Universitetl\u0259rin d\u00fcnya u\u011fur s\u0131ralamalar\u0131na baxd\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda, \u00c7inin son ill\u0259rd\u0259ki t\u0259hsil sah\u0259sind\u0259 s\u0131\u00e7ray\u0131\u015flar\u0131 n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 bu \u00f6lk\u0259nin bir \u00e7ox universitetinun qlobal reytinq s\u0131ralamalar\u0131na daxil oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr. \u00c7inin ali t\u0259hsild\u0259 u\u011fur qazanmas\u0131n\u0131n s\u0259b\u0259bi t\u0259dqiqat universitetl\u0259rin\u0259 verdiyi \u00f6n\u0259ml\u0259 izah edilir. Bu, \u00c7inin sabiq prezidenti Cianq Zemin t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n 1998-ci il may\u0131n 4-d\u0259 Pekin Universitetinin y\u00fczillik yubileyind\u0259 etdiyi \u00e7ox m\u00fch\u00fcm nitql\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Prezident Zemin bu \u00e7\u0131x\u0131\u015f\u0131nda \u00c7inin bir ne\u00e7\u0259 universitetinin d\u00fcnyan\u0131n \u0259n yax\u015f\u0131 universitetl\u0259ri aras\u0131nda yer almas\u0131n\u0131n vacibliyini vur\u011fulam\u0131\u015f v\u0259 bu m\u00f6vzuda ara\u015fd\u0131rmalar\u0131n apar\u0131lmas\u0131na g\u00f6st\u0259ri\u015f vermi\u015fdir [35].<\/p>\n Prezident Zeminin tap\u015f\u0131r\u0131\u011f\u0131na \u0259sas\u0259n layih\u0259 haz\u0131rlan\u0131b, \u00f6lk\u0259nin \u0259n u\u011furlu 9 universitetin\u0259 \u0259lav\u0259 b\u00fcdc\u0259 v\u0259 professor-m\u00fc\u0259llim hey\u0259ti ayr\u0131l\u0131b, xaricd\u0259n ixtisasl\u0131 professor-m\u00fc\u0259llim hey\u0259ti d\u0259v\u0259t edilib. Bundan \u0259lav\u0259, hesabat haz\u0131rlanaraq doqquz t\u0259dqiqat universitetinin d\u00fcnya reytinql\u0259rind\u0259 yeri m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n edilib v\u0259 onlar\u0131n ilk 300-500 universitet reytinqind\u0259 yer ald\u0131qlar\u0131 m\u0259lum olub. \u00dc\u00e7 il \u0259rzind\u0259 bir komissiya t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n apar\u0131lan bu ara\u015fd\u0131rma daha sonra 2003-c\u00fc ild\u0259 Jiao Tong (ARWU) ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda ilk d\u00fcnya universitetl\u0259ri reytinqin\u0259 \u00e7evrilib. D\u00f6vl\u0259tin d\u0259st\u0259yi v\u0259 \u00f6z s\u0259yl\u0259ri il\u0259 t\u0259dqiqat universitetl\u0259ri s\u00fcr\u0259tl\u0259 d\u00fcnyan\u0131n u\u011furlu universitet reytinql\u0259rind\u0259 zirv\u0259y\u0259 y\u00fcks\u0259lib. Sonradan bu doqquz universitetin ham\u0131s\u0131 d\u00fcnya reytinqind\u0259 ilk y\u00fczliy\u0259 daxil ola bilib. M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, The Times Higher Education D\u00fcnya Universitetl\u0259rinin (World University Rankings) 2024-c\u00fc il \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn t\u0259rtib etdiyi reytindind\u0259 ilk onluqda \u0259n\u0259n\u0259vi olaraq AB\u015e v\u0259 B\u00f6y\u00fck Briyaniya universitetl\u0259ri yer tursalar da, \u00c7inin Tsinghua Universiteti 12-ci, Pekin Universiteti is\u0259 14-c\u00fc yerd\u0259 q\u0259rarla\u015f\u0131b [28].<\/p>\n \u00c7ind\u0259 oldu\u011fu kimi, Yaponiya h\u00f6kum\u0259ti d\u0259 2008-ci ild\u0259 Yaponiya universitetl\u0259rinin effektivliyini art\u0131rmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u201cQlobal 30\u201d layih\u0259sin\u0259 ba\u015flam\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Bu layih\u0259 d\u0259 t\u0259dqiqat universitetl\u0259rin\u0259 \u0259saslan\u0131r. 2014-c\u00fc ild\u0259 Yaponiya Top Qlobal Universitet layih\u0259si \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn 37 universitet m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n edib v\u0259 bu universitetl\u0259r\u0259 idar\u0259etm\u0259 v\u0259 kurikulum kimi sah\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 on il\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r d\u00f6vl\u0259t d\u0259st\u0259yi g\u00f6st\u0259rib. Rusiya v\u0259 C\u0259nubi Koreyan\u0131n da t\u0259dqiqat universitetl\u0259rin\u0259 \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tli v\u0259sait ay\u0131raraq u\u011fur qazand\u0131\u011f\u0131 m\u0259lumdur [35].<\/p>\n \u201cTimes Higher Education\u201dn\u0131n t\u0259hlilin\u0259 \u0259sas\u0259n, onillikl\u0259r \u0259rzind\u0259 Asiya universitetl\u0259rinin s\u00fcr\u0259tli inki\u015faf\u0131 d\u00fcnya ali t\u0259hsilind\u0259 \u0259n vacib hekay\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259n biri olub. Asiya universitetl\u0259ri reytinqi son burax\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131nda bu t\u0259r\u0259qqiy\u0259 t\u00f6hf\u0259 ver\u0259n b\u0259zi tendensiyalar\u0131 yenid\u0259n i\u015fl\u0259yib v\u0259 \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn t\u0259kmill\u0259\u015fdirilmi\u015f metodologiyas\u0131nda onlar\u0131 ayd\u0131n \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 t\u0259qdim edib [14]. \u201cTimes Higher Education\u201dn\u0131n ba\u015f m\u0259lumat direktoru Dunkan Ross y\u00fcks\u0259ks\u0259viyy\u0259li t\u0259dqiqat institutlar\u0131na y\u00f6n\u0259ldilmi\u015f s\u0259rmay\u0259d\u0259n sonra \u00c7in\u00a0 t\u0259dqiqatlar\u0131n\u0131n keyfiyy\u0259t v\u0259 k\u0259miyy\u0259tinin 2022-ci ild\u0259 AB\u015e-\u0131 \u00fcst\u0259l\u0259diyini s\u00f6yl\u0259yib. \u201c\u00c7in h\u00f6kum\u0259ti universitetl\u0259r\u0259 \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tli d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259d\u0259 s\u0259rmay\u0259 qoydu, bu da onlar\u0131n ali t\u0259hsil sisteminin t\u0259dqiqat hiss\u0259sinin transformasiyas\u0131 il\u0259 n\u0259tic\u0259l\u0259ndi. Bir ne\u00e7\u0259 il \u0259vv\u0259l el\u0259 bir m\u0259qam var idi ki, \u00c7in t\u0259dqiqatlar\u0131n\u0131n h\u0259cmi ilk d\u0259f\u0259 AB\u015e t\u0259dqiqatlar\u0131n\u0131n h\u0259cmini \u00f6td\u00fc. Keyfiyy\u0259t\u0259 n\u0259z\u0259r salsan\u0131z, \u00c7in t\u0259dqiqatlar\u0131n\u0131n orta keyfiyy\u0259ti d\u0259 AB\u015e t\u0259dqiqatlar\u0131n\u0131n orta keyfiyy\u0259tini \u00fcst\u0259l\u0259yib. Bu, AB\u015e universitetl\u0259rinin h\u0259r hans\u0131 bir \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 pisl\u0259\u015fm\u0259si deyil. Onlar t\u0259kmill\u0259\u015firl\u0259r, lakin Asiya universitetl\u0259ri v\u0259 \u00c7ind\u0259ki \u0259n yax\u015f\u0131 universitetl\u0259rd\u0259n b\u0259zil\u0259ri v\u0259 ya Sinqapur Milli Universiteti daha s\u00fcr\u0259tl\u0259 inki\u015faf edir. Fakt budur ki, biz h\u0259mi\u015f\u0259kind\u0259n daha ir\u0259lid\u0259yik. Universitetl\u0259r \u00fcmumilikd\u0259 yax\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131r v\u0259 bu, d\u00fcnya \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn yax\u015f\u0131 bir \u015fey olmal\u0131d\u0131r” [14].<\/p>\n Az\u0259rbaycana g\u0259ldikd\u0259 is\u0259: \u00f6lk\u0259mizd\u0259 elmi f\u0259aliyy\u0259tin stimulla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 h\u0259yata ke\u00e7iril\u0259n t\u0259dbirl\u0259r, eyni zamanda, 2015-ci ild\u0259 d\u00fcnyan\u0131n tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f elmi-analitik informasiya t\u0259minat\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 olan \u201cClarivate Analytics\u201d \u015firk\u0259ti v\u0259 T\u0259hsil Nazirliyi aras\u0131nda ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015f sazi\u015f\u0259 \u0259sas\u0259n, \u00f6lk\u0259mizin ali t\u0259hsil m\u00fc\u0259ssis\u0259l\u0259rinin \u201cWeb of Science\u201d elmi m\u0259lumat platformas\u0131na \u00e7\u0131x\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n t\u0259min edilm\u0259si il\u0259 ba\u015flanan u\u011furlu \u0259m\u0259kda\u015fl\u0131q \u00f6z m\u00fcsb\u0259t n\u0259tic\u0259l\u0259rini verm\u0259kd\u0259dir. Bel\u0259 ki, qlobal elmi bazadan istifad\u0259 aktivliyinin dinamikas\u0131nda 2017-ci ild\u0259 \u0259vv\u0259lki ill\u0259 m\u00fcqayis\u0259d\u0259 75 faiz art\u0131m, impakt faktorlu jurnallarda \u00e7ap olunmu\u015f m\u0259qal\u0259l\u0259rin say\u0131nda is\u0259 son 4 ild\u0259 68 faiz art\u0131m qeyd\u0259 al\u0131nm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. N\u0259\u015fr aktivliyinin son 3 ild\u0259 art\u0131m dinamikas\u0131na g\u00f6r\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan regionda birinci yer\u0259 \u00e7\u0131xm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. 2017-ci ild\u0259 n\u0259\u015frl\u0259rin say\u0131 1160 olmaqla son 25 ilin \u0259n y\u00fcks\u0259k g\u00f6st\u0259ricisi qeyd\u0259 al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f, onlar\u0131n, t\u0259xmin\u0259n, 43 faizi ali t\u0259hsil m\u00fc\u0259ssis\u0259l\u0259rinin pay\u0131na d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015fd\u00fcr. Bununla bel\u0259, bu sah\u0259d\u0259 m\u00f6vcud olan potensial imkanlardan daha s\u0259m\u0259r\u0259li istifad\u0259 istiqam\u0259tind\u0259 s\u0259yl\u0259r daha da g\u00fccl\u0259ndirilm\u0259lidir. Sevindirici hald\u0131r ki, h\u0259min sazi\u015fin davam\u0131 olaraq 2018-ci ilin dekabr\u0131n 5-d\u0259 T\u0259hsil Nazirliyi il\u0259 \u201cClarivate Analytics\u201d\u015firk\u0259ti aras\u0131nda 2019-2021-ci ill\u0259ri \u0259hat\u0259 ed\u0259n \u0259m\u0259kda\u015fl\u0131\u011fa dair m\u00fcqavil\u0259 imzalan\u0131b. Bu m\u00fcqavil\u0259 m\u00f6vcud \u0259m\u0259kda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u0259hat\u0259 dair\u0259sinin geni\u015fl\u0259ndirilm\u0259si, \u201cWeb of Science @\u201d platformas\u0131n\u0131n rusdilli elmi n\u0259\u015frl\u0259rin bazas\u0131na v\u0259 \u00f6lk\u0259 \u00fczr\u0259 elmi f\u0259aliyy\u0259tin \u0259hat\u0259li t\u0259hlilin\u0259 imkan ver\u0259n \u0130nCites platformas\u0131na \u00e7\u0131x\u0131\u015f\u0131n t\u0259min edilm\u0259sini n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259 tutur [7].<\/p>\n Az\u0259rbaycanda elm v\u0259 t\u0259hsil m\u00fc\u0259ssis\u0259l\u0259rinin d\u00fcnyan\u0131n apar\u0131c\u0131 elmmetrik bazas\u0131 olan Web of Science-a \u00e7\u0131x\u0131\u015f\u0131 n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 elmi m\u0259hsuldarl\u0131q artm\u0131\u015f, elmi t\u0259dqiqat i\u015fl\u0259rinin effektivliyi y\u00fcks\u0259lmi\u015fdir. T\u0259kc\u0259 2018-ci ild\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan \u00fczr\u0259 1482 elmi t\u0259dqiqat i\u015fi qeyd\u0259 al\u0131nm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r (son 25 ild\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan \u00fczr\u0259 publikasiya say\u0131n\u0131n rekord h\u0259ddi) [7; 4; 5].<\/p>\n Bu sah\u0259d\u0259 u\u011furlu f\u0259aliyy\u0259tin davam etdirilm\u0259si m\u0259qs\u0259dil\u0259 d\u00fcnyan\u0131n \u0259n b\u00f6y\u00fck elmmetrik bazas\u0131 olan \u201cScopus\u201da \u00e7\u0131x\u0131\u015f \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn Elm v\u0259 T\u0259hsil Nazirliyinin T\u0259hsild\u0259 Keyfiyy\u0259tin T\u0259minat\u0131 Agentliyi il\u0259 h\u0259min \u015firk\u0259tin t\u0259msil\u00e7isi olan \u201cElsev\u0131er\u201d \u015firk\u0259ti aras\u0131nda m\u00fcqavil\u0259 14 iyun 2023-c\u00fc ild\u0259 imzalan\u0131b [7].<\/p>\n Son r\u0259q\u0259ml\u0259r\u0259 g\u0259ldikd\u0259 is\u0259 qeyd ed\u0259 bil\u0259rik ki, 2024-c\u00fc ilin 8 ay\u0131nda az\u0259rbaycanl\u0131 aliml\u0259rin \u201cScopus\u201d elmmetrik veril\u0259nl\u0259r bazas\u0131nda g\u00f6st\u0259ricil\u0259rind\u0259 \u00f6t\u0259n ilin m\u00fcvafiq d\u00f6vr\u00fc il\u0259 m\u00fcqayis\u0259d\u0259 n\u0259z\u0259r\u0259\u00e7arpan art\u0131m m\u00fc\u015fahid\u0259 olunub. Bu g\u00f6st\u0259ricil\u0259r\u0259 istifad\u0259\u00e7i say\u0131, d\u0259rc olunan elmi i\u015fl\u0259rin say\u0131, elmi i\u015fl\u0259rin sitatlar\u0131, sah\u0259 \u00fczr\u0259 istinad t\u0259siri, m\u0259qal\u0259l\u0259rin d\u0259rc olundu\u011fu jurnallar\u0131n keyfiyy\u0259ti v\u0259 beyn\u0259lxalq \u0259m\u0259kda\u015fl\u0131q aiddir. Bel\u0259 ki, \u201cScopus\u201ddak\u0131 istifad\u0259\u00e7i say\u0131 t\u0259kc\u0259 bu ilin 8 ay\u0131 \u0259rzind\u0259 \u00f6t\u0259n il\u0259 nisb\u0259td\u0259 2 d\u0259f\u0259d\u0259n \u00e7ox artaraq 13 min\u0259 \u00e7at\u0131b [6].<\/p>\n \u0130stifad\u0259 g\u00f6st\u0259ricil\u0259ri il\u0259 b\u0259rab\u0259r az\u0259rbaycanl\u0131 aliml\u0259rin \u00f6t\u0259n il 1800-d\u0259n bir q\u0259d\u0259r \u00e7ox olan m\u0259qal\u0259 say\u0131 bu il artaraq 2382-\u0259 b\u0259rab\u0259r olub. 2024-c\u00fc ild\u0259 d\u0259rc olunan elmi i\u015fl\u0259rin say\u0131n\u0131n hesablanmas\u0131n\u0131n 2025-ci ilin may-iyun aylar\u0131nad\u0259k davam ed\u0259c\u0259yini n\u0259z\u0259r\u0259 alsaq, bu halda \u00f6lk\u0259 \u00fczr\u0259 \u00fcmumi elmi i\u015fl\u0259rin say\u0131n\u0131n tarixd\u0259 ilk d\u0259f\u0259 3000-d\u0259n \u00e7ox olaca\u011f\u0131 istisna edilmir [6].<\/p>\n D\u0259rc olunan elmi i\u015fl\u0259rin keyfiyy\u0259ti d\u0259 artmaqdad\u0131r. Bel\u0259 ki, bu m\u0259qal\u0259l\u0259rin 11.2 faizi d\u00fcnyan\u0131n \u0259n \u00e7ox istinad edil\u0259n 10 faiz elmi i\u015fi aras\u0131ndad\u0131r. \u00d6t\u0259n il is\u0259 bu g\u00f6st\u0259rici 9.2 faiz\u0259 b\u0259rab\u0259r idi.<\/p>\n H\u0259m\u00e7inin Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n sah\u0259 \u00fczr\u0259 istinad t\u0259siri (Field Weighted Citation Impact \u2013 FWCI) 2024-c\u00fc ild\u0259 d\u00fcnya \u00fczr\u0259 orta h\u0259ddi (1.0) ke\u00e7\u0259r\u0259k 1.97-\u0259 \u00e7at\u0131b. Bu is\u0259 d\u0259rc olunan b\u00fct\u00fcn elmi i\u015fl\u0259rin \u00f6z sah\u0259si \u00fczr\u0259 ortalama 97 faiz daha \u00e7ox istinad almas\u0131 dem\u0259kdir. \u00d6t\u0259n il bu g\u00f6st\u0259rici 1.05-\u0259 b\u0259rab\u0259r idi.<\/p>\n 2024-c\u00fc ilin 8 ay\u0131 \u0259rzind\u0259 d\u0259rc olunan m\u0259qal\u0259l\u0259rin 1481-i Q1 (996) v\u0259 ya Q2 (485) kvartilli jurnallar\u0131n pay\u0131na d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr. Bu g\u00f6st\u0259rici is\u0259 \u00f6t\u0259n ilin eyni d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259 733 (Q1 \u2013 486, Q2 \u2013 257) olub.<\/p>\n \u00d6t\u0259n ilin 12 ay\u0131 \u0259rzind\u0259 beyn\u0259lxalq \u0259m\u0259kda\u015fl\u0131q \u00e7\u0259r\u00e7iv\u0259sind\u0259 (y\u0259ni xarici h\u0259mm\u00fc\u0259llifl\u0259rl\u0259 birg\u0259) d\u0259rc olun elmi i\u015fl\u0259rin say\u0131 856 (47 faiz) idis\u0259, bu g\u00f6st\u0259rici 2024-c\u00fc ilin ilk 8 ay\u0131 \u0259rzind\u0259 1594-\u0259 (67 faiz\u0259) y\u00fcks\u0259lib [6].<\/p>\n D\u00fcnya universitetl\u0259rinin u\u011fur s\u0131ralamalar\u0131 b\u0259zi m\u0259lumatlar \u0259sas\u0131nda bu x\u00fcsusiyy\u0259ti ortaya qoyan bir ara\u015fd\u0131rma kimi q\u0259bul edilm\u0259lidir. M\u00fcxt\u0259lif meyarlara \u0259saslanan qiym\u0259tl\u0259ndirm\u0259l\u0259r f\u0259rqli olsa da, bu ara\u015fd\u0131rmalar\u0131n universitetl\u0259rd\u0259 r\u0259qab\u0259t m\u00fchiti yaratd\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr. \u018fslind\u0259, bu ara\u015fd\u0131rmalar universitetl\u0259r \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn bir n\u00f6v motivasiya vasit\u0259si kimi istifad\u0259 olunur v\u0259 h\u0259m d\u0259 h\u0259d\u0259f auditoriyaya \u00f6zl\u0259rini daha yax\u015f\u0131 izah v\u0259 ifad\u0259 etm\u0259k vasit\u0259si kimi q\u0259bul edilir.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n N\u018fT\u0130C\u018f<\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n Son ill\u0259rin tendensiyas\u0131 bundan ibar\u0259tdir ki, universitetl\u0259r t\u0259hsil m\u00fchiti yaratmaqla yana\u015f\u0131, t\u0259dqiqat institutu kimi d\u0259 b\u0259\u015f\u0259riyy\u0259t\u0259 xidm\u0259t edirl\u0259r. H\u0259r bir universitetin m\u0259qs\u0259di d\u00fcnya universitetl\u0259rind\u0259n birin\u0259 \u00e7evrilm\u0259k v\u0259 \u00f6z sah\u0259sind\u0259 ixtisasl\u0131 xidm\u0259t g\u00f6st\u0259rm\u0259kdir.<\/p>\n T\u0259dqiqat konsepsiyas\u0131, t\u0259dqiqat\u0131n inki\u015faf\u0131 v\u0259 t\u0259dqiqata investisiya qoyulu\u015fu birba\u015fa \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rin rifah s\u0259viyy\u0259si v\u0259 g\u0259l\u0259c\u0259yi il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Dinamik bilik, texnologiya transferi v\u0259 t\u0259dqiqat\u0131n g\u00fccl\u00fc \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irildiyi universitetl\u0259r ali t\u0259hsild\u0259 qabaqc\u0131l olacaqlar. Son ill\u0259rd\u0259 dinamik inki\u015faf ed\u0259n o\u0308lk\u0259l\u0259r s\u0131ras\u0131nda milli t\u0259hsil sistemi \u0259sas\u0131nda elmtutumlu texnologiyalar\u0131n inki\u015faf\u0131na \u0259saslanan o\u0308lk\u0259l\u0259r ba\u015f\u00e7\u0131l\u0131q edirl\u0259r. Bu o\u0308lk\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 m\u0259hz insan ka\u0440ital\u0131 inki\u015faf\u0131n \u0259sas faktoru kimi \u00e7\u0131x\u0131\u015f edir. Elmi t\u0259dqiqatlar milli s\u0259rh\u0259dl\u0259ri a\u015fan universal xarakter da\u015f\u0131y\u0131r. Elmtutumlu m\u0259hsul istehsal\u0131n\u0131n v\u0259 keyfiyy\u0259tini art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 u\u0308\u00e7u\u0308n elmi layih\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 maliyy\u0259l\u0259\u015fm\u0259 h\u0259cminin art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, eyni zamanda, innovasiya f\u0259aliyy\u0259tinin inki\u015faf\u0131na t\u0259sir ed\u0259n struktur \u0440otensial\u0131n\u0131n inki\u015faf\u0131na d\u0259st\u0259k verilm\u0259si vacibdir. Bilikl\u0259r\u0259 \u0259saslanan iqtisadiyyat\u0131n formala\u015fmas\u0131 u\u0308\u00e7u\u0308n ali t\u0259hsil mu\u0308\u0259ssis\u0259l\u0259ri bazas\u0131nda elm v\u0259 t\u0259hsilin inteqrasiyas\u0131na nail olunmas\u0131 vacib amill\u0259rd\u0259ndir. Elm v\u0259 t\u0259hsilin inteqrasiyas\u0131n\u0131n \u0259sas m\u0259qs\u0259dl\u0259ri yu\u0308ks\u0259kixtisasl\u0131, \u0440e\u015f\u0259kar kadr t\u0259minat\u0131, t\u0259hsilin keyfiyy\u0259tinin yu\u0308ks\u0259ldilm\u0259si, t\u0259hsild\u0259 yeni bilikl\u0259rd\u0259n, elmi v\u0259 texnoloji nailiyy\u0259tl\u0259rd\u0259n istifad\u0259 edilm\u0259sidir [10].<\/p>\n T\u0259dqiqat universitetl\u0259rinin m\u00f6vcudlu\u011fu v\u0259 g\u00fccl\u0259nm\u0259si \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn resurslar\u0131n \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259ti dan\u0131lmazd\u0131r. Laboratoriya infrastrukturu, kitabxana v\u0259 informasiya sisteml\u0259ri v\u0259 d\u0259st\u0259kl\u0259yici t\u0259dqiqat m\u00fchiti t\u0259dqiqat f\u0259aliyy\u0259ti \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn z\u0259ruri \u015f\u0259rtl\u0259rdir. Bununla bel\u0259, bir universiteti t\u0259dqiqat universiteti ed\u0259n onun ixtisasl\u0131 kadr potensial\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130xtisasl\u0131 pedaqoqlara, t\u0259dqiqat\u00e7\u0131lara, t\u0259l\u0259b\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 v\u0259 idar\u0259\u00e7il\u0259r\u0259 malik olan v\u0259 m\u0259hsuldar t\u0259dqiqat m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259tin\u0259 malik olan universitetl\u0259r t\u0259dqiqat universitetl\u0259ri ola bil\u0259r. H\u0259r \u015feyd\u0259n \u00f6nc\u0259 d\u00fcnya miqyas\u0131nda u\u011furlu t\u0259dqiqat universitetl\u0259rinin olmas\u0131n\u0131 h\u0259d\u0259fl\u0259y\u0259n \u00f6lk\u0259d\u0259 orta t\u0259hsilin s\u0259viyy\u0259si y\u00fcks\u0259ldilm\u0259lidir. T\u0259l\u0259b\u0259 keyfiyy\u0259tinin y\u00fcks\u0259ldilm\u0259si, t\u0259l\u0259b\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 akademik karyera qurma\u011fa mara\u011f\u0131n art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn stimulla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 mexanizml\u0259rin haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131 m\u0259qs\u0259di il\u0259 t\u0259dqiqat universitetl\u0259rinin t\u0259hsil proqramlar\u0131 da x\u00fcsusil\u0259 dig\u0259r universitetl\u0259rd\u0259n f\u0259rql\u0259nm\u0259lidir.<\/p>\n Az\u0259rbaycanda t\u0259dqiqat universitetini yarad\u0131lmas\u0131 haqq\u0131nda r\u0259smi s\u0259n\u0259din imzalanmas\u0131ndan sonra ali t\u0259hsil m\u00fc\u0259ssisl\u0259rind\u0259 bu istiqam\u0259td\u0259 m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n i\u015fl\u0259r g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Hans\u0131 \u00f6lk\u0259nin model kimi g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fcy\u00fcn\u00fc zaman g\u00f6st\u0259r\u0259c\u0259k. Son ill\u0259r \u00c7in, Yaponiya, C\u0259nubi Koreya kimi \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 t\u0259dqiqat universitetl\u0259rin\u0259 y\u00fcks\u0259k maliyy\u0259 d\u0259st\u0259yi v\u0259 x\u00fcsusi \u00f6n\u0259m verildiyi g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr. Ara\u015fd\u0131rmalar g\u00f6st\u0259rir ki, bu, \u00e7ox s\u0259m\u0259r\u0259li n\u0259tic\u0259l\u0259r verir. T\u0259bii ki, t\u0259dqiqat universitetl\u0259ri professor-m\u00fc\u0259llim hey\u0259tinin bilik, bacar\u0131q s\u0259viyy\u0259sinin m\u00fck\u0259mm\u0259lliyi v\u0259 say\u0131na paralel olaraq infrastrukturun, t\u0259dqiqatlar \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn m\u00fcnbit m\u00fchitin, akademik azadl\u0131q v\u0259 m\u0259suliyy\u0259tin, y\u00fcks\u0259k \u0259m\u0259khaqq\u0131 v\u0259 \u0259lav\u0259 maliyy\u0259 mexanizml\u0259rinin formala\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 s\u0259b\u0259bl\u0259rind\u0259n b\u00f6y\u00fck investisiyalar t\u0259l\u0259b ed\u0259n bir sah\u0259dir. Bununla bel\u0259, d\u00fcnyada t\u0259hsilin v\u0259 universitetl\u0259rin inki\u015faf\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n planda olmas\u0131 bax\u0131m\u0131ndan qoyulan\/yat\u0131r\u0131lan bu investisiyalar\u0131n \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tini vur\u011fulamaq laz\u0131md\u0131r. H\u0259r bir universitet m\u00fchitinin v\u0259 \u015f\u0259raitinin f\u0259rqli oldu\u011funu n\u0259z\u0259r\u0259 alsaq, t\u0259dqiqat universitetl\u0259ri d\u00fczg\u00fcn m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n olunarsa, m\u0259hsuldar n\u0259tic\u0259l\u0259r ortaya qoymaq olar. N\u0259tic\u0259 etibaril\u0259 dem\u0259k olar ki, t\u0259d-qiqat universitetl\u0259rinin d\u0259st\u0259kl\u0259nm\u0259si \u00fcmumilikd\u0259 t\u0259hsilin keyfiyy\u0259tini y\u00fcks\u0259ltm\u0259kl\u0259 yana\u015f\u0131, d\u00fcnya t\u0259hsil sisteminin t\u0259rkib hiss\u0259si kimi universitetl\u0259rin y\u00fcks\u0259k pill\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 yer almas\u0131 bax\u0131m\u0131ndan \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259r \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn m\u00fcsb\u0259t n\u0259tic\u0259l\u0259r verir.<\/p>\n Az\u0259rbaycana g\u0259ldikd\u0259 is\u0259, qeyd ed\u0259 bil\u0259rik ki, ali t\u0259hsil sistemind\u0259 XXI y\u00fczilliyin \u00e7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131\u015flar\u0131na uy\u011fun yeni universitet modelinin qurulmas\u0131nda bir ne\u00e7\u0259 mane\u0259nin oldu\u011funu qeyd ed\u0259 bil\u0259rik: Birincisi, t\u0259dqiqat layih\u0259l\u0259ri v\u0259 t\u0259dqiqat infrastrukturunun yet\u0259rli s\u0259viyy\u0259d\u0259 olmamas\u0131, ikincisi, universitet-s\u0259naye\/\u00f6z\u0259l sektor \u0259m\u0259kda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n h\u0259l\u0259 d\u0259 n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259 tutuldu\u011fu q\u0259d\u0259r inki\u015faf etdirilm\u0259m\u0259sidir. Universitet-s\u0259naye\/\u00f6z\u0259l sektor \u0259m\u0259kda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n yet\u0259rinc\u0259 u\u011furlu al\u0131nmamas\u0131n\u0131 \u015f\u0259rtl\u0259ndir\u0259n amill\u0259rd\u0259n biri s\u0259nayenin universitet\u0259 inams\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131, dig\u0259ri is\u0259 \u00f6z\u0259l sektorun t\u0259dqiqatlara ay\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 v\u0259saitin d\u00fcnya miqyas\u0131 il\u0259 m\u00fcqayis\u0259d\u0259 h\u0259dd\u0259n \u00e7ox a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 olmas\u0131d\u0131r. XXI \u0259srin b\u00f6y\u00fck a\u00e7ar s\u00f6z\u00fc olan \u201cinnovasiya\u201d yaln\u0131z d\u00f6vl\u0259t-\u00f6z\u0259l sektor \/s\u0259naye \u0259m\u0259kda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 il\u0259 realla\u015fa bil\u0259r. Burada \u0259n b\u00f6y\u00fck instrumental struktur odur ki, universitetl\u0259r v\u0259 x\u00fcsus\u0259n d\u0259 t\u0259dqiqat universitetl\u0259ri \u00f6z g\u00fccl\u00fc tematik sah\u0259l\u0259ri il\u0259 innovasiyaya diqq\u0259t yetirm\u0259lidirl\u0259r. Bunun \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u201cbilik istehsal\u0131\u201dn\u0131 formala\u015fd\u0131ran strategiyalar\u0131n m\u00f6vcudlu\u011fu \u0259sasd\u0131r. Az\u0259rbaycan universitetl\u0259rind\u0259 z\u0259if oldu\u011fumuz \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc sah\u0259 akademik mobilliyin olmamas\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130nstitusional m\u0259nada tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f beyn\u0259lxalq universitetl\u0259rd\u0259 t\u0259hsil alm\u0131\u015f v\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259mi\u015f akademik hey\u0259tin d\u0259v\u0259t edilm\u0259sin\u0259, beyn\u0259lxalq \u0259m\u0259kda\u015fl\u0131q imkanlar\u0131n\u0131n geni\u015fl\u0259ndirilm\u0259sin\u0259, h\u0259m\u00e7inin doktorantura proqramlar\u0131n\u0131n t\u0259tbiqi xarakterli olmas\u0131na, doktorantura m\u0259zunlar\u0131n\u0131n t\u0259dqiqatlara c\u0259lb edilm\u0259sin\u0259 diqq\u0259t yetirilm\u0259lidir. Dig\u0259r m\u00fch\u00fcm m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259 is\u0259 universitetin strukturuna keyfiyy\u0259t anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n daxil edilm\u0259sidir. Universal keyfiyy\u0259tl\u0259r\u0259 nail olmu\u015f, keyfiyy\u0259t t\u0259minat\u0131 sah\u0259sind\u0259 effektiv, beyn\u0259lxalq s\u0259viyy\u0259d\u0259 tan\u0131nan, etik davran\u0131\u015f, q\u0259r\u0259zsizlik v\u0259 \u0259m\u0259kda\u015fl\u0131\u011fa a\u00e7\u0131ql\u0131q kimi d\u0259y\u0259rl\u0259r\u0259 \u00f6n\u0259m ver\u0259n bir qurum olmaq t\u0259dqiqat universitetl\u0259rind\u0259n g\u00f6zl\u0259nil\u0259n \u0259n \u0259sas anlay\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u0130ST\u0130FAD\u018f ED\u0130LM\u0130\u015e \u018fD\u018fB\u0130YYAT<\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n Az\u0259rbaycan dilind\u0259:<\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u0130ngilis dilind\u0259:<\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n T\u00fcrk dilind\u0259:<\/strong><\/p>\n Rus dilind\u0259:<\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n Agshin Mammadov<\/strong><\/p>\n CONCEPT OF A MODERN UNIVERSITY: DEVELOPMENT OF ECOSYSTEM\u00a0<\/strong>OF EDUCATION, RESEARCH AND INNOVATION <\/strong><\/p>\n \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n Abstract<\/strong><\/p>\n \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n The economy of a knowledge-based, innovation-driven society necessitates an increased proportion of highly qualified specialists, along with the establishment of systems for continuous education and innovative learning approaches capable of adapting to social and economic changes. In the era of globalization, competition rooted in the development of knowledge-intensive products and services shapes the strategies of modern education systems. In recent years, various countries have prioritized the development of research universities as part of their scientific and technological policies. These efforts include implementing targeted programs, building scientific infrastructure, and fostering long-term socio-economic value through research-driven institutions. Research universities play a pivotal role in advancing and transforming innovation ecosystems at both national and regional levels.<\/p>\n This article analyzes the creation of research universities, their importance, and the current state of such initiatives in our country. It also includes several suggestions for fostering their development.<\/p>\n \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n Keywords: <\/strong>research university, education, research, innovation, internationalization, educational infrastructure, quality education, research environment, competitive human resources, labor market, cooperation of universities, industry and the private sector, startup environment, scientific publications, references<\/p>\n \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n \u0410\u0433\u0448\u0438\u043d \u041c\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432 <\/strong><\/p>\n \u041a\u041e\u041d\u0426\u0415\u041f\u0426\u0418\u042f \u0421\u041e\u0412\u0420\u0415\u041c\u0415\u041d\u041d\u041e\u0413\u041e \u0423\u041d\u0418\u0412\u0415\u0420\u0421\u0418\u0422\u0415\u0422\u0410: \u0420\u0410\u0417\u0412\u0418\u0422\u0418\u0415 \u042d\u041a\u041e\u0421\u0418\u0421\u0422\u0415\u041c <\/strong>\u041e\u0411\u0420\u0410\u0417\u041e\u0412\u0410\u041d\u0418\u042f, \u0418\u0421\u0421\u041b\u0415\u0414\u041e\u0412\u0410\u041d\u0418\u0419 \u0418 \u0418\u041d\u041d\u041e\u0412\u0410\u0426\u0418\u0419<\/strong><\/p>\n \u00a0<\/strong>\u0420\u0435\u0437\u044e\u043c\u0435<\/strong><\/p>\n \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n \u042d\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0438\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430, \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0445, \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0443\u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043a\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0439 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0438\u0445 \u043d\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0440\u044b\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0431\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f. \u0412\u0430\u0436\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0440\u043e\u043b\u044c \u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0438\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b, \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0430\u0434\u0430\u043f\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043a \u0441\u043e\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0438 \u044d\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043c \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u043c. \u0412 \u044d\u043f\u043e\u0445\u0443 \u0433\u043b\u043e\u0431\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u043a\u0443\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0438\u044f, \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0443\u043a\u043e\u0435\u043c\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u0443\u0441\u043b\u0443\u0433, \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0433\u0438\u044e \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f.<\/p>\n \u0412 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u044b \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u044b \u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043c\u0435\u0440\u044b \u043f\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438\u044e 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![\"\"](\"https:\/\/socialresearchjournal.az\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/pdfdown-212x300.jpg\")
<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"