AMEA F\u0259ls\u0259f\u0259 v\u0259 Sosiologiya \u0130nstitutunun Siyas\u0259tin\u00a0<\/em>f\u0259ls\u0259f\u0259si v\u0259 sosiologiyas\u0131 \u015f\u00f6b\u0259sinin dissertant\u0131, <\/em><\/p>\n BDU-nun Beyn\u0259lxalq jurnalistika fak\u00fclt\u0259sinin m\u00fc\u0259llimi<\/em><\/p>\n (Bak\u0131, Az\u0259rbaycan)<\/em><\/p>\n \u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n E-mail azizalibeyli@stm.az<\/em><\/p>\n ORCID: 0000-0003-4272-6355<\/em><\/p>\n \u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n X\u00fclas\u0259.<\/strong> \u0130qlim d\u0259yi\u015fiklikl\u0259ri \u0259traf m\u00fchitin v\u0259 insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n qar\u015f\u0131la\u015fd\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u0259n ciddi t\u0259hdidl\u0259rd\u0259n biridir. Bu, ekoloji, sosial v\u0259 iqtisadi aspektl\u0259ri \u0259hat\u0259 ed\u0259n, inteqrasiya olunmu\u015f \u0259m\u0259kda\u015fl\u0131q t\u0259l\u0259b ed\u0259n m\u00fcr\u0259kk\u0259b bir problem olaraq ortaya \u00e7\u0131x\u0131r. Qlobal istil\u0259\u015fm\u0259 d\u00fcnyan\u0131n m\u00fcxt\u0259lif regionlar\u0131na f\u0259rqli formalarda t\u0259sir edir. \u0130qlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 \u0259sas m\u0259suliyy\u0259t Q\u0259rb \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rinin \u00fcz\u0259rin\u0259 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr. \u00c7\u00fcnki onlar\u0131n s\u0259naye sistemi v\u0259 iqtisadi f\u0259aliyy\u0259ti say\u0259sind\u0259 atmosferd\u0259 normadan art\u0131q qazlar\u0131n y\u0131\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131 ba\u015f verir. Buna g\u00f6r\u0259 d\u0259 inki\u015faf etmi\u015f \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259r emissiyalar\u0131n azald\u0131lmas\u0131nda, maliyy\u0259l\u0259\u015fm\u0259 v\u0259 texnologiyalar\u0131n \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fclm\u0259si yolu il\u0259 yard\u0131m g\u00f6st\u0259rilm\u0259sind\u0259 apar\u0131c\u0131 rol oynamal\u0131d\u0131rlar. Bu, Paris Sazi\u015fi kimi beyn\u0259lxalq m\u00fcqavil\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259 tutulan \u0259dal\u0259tli iqlim siyas\u0259tinin \u0259sas komponentl\u0259ridir.<\/p>\n Az\u0259rbaycan iqlim d\u0259yi\u015fiklikl\u0259ri il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 ciddi \u00e7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131\u015flarla qar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131r, m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, su ehtiyatlar\u0131n\u0131n azalmas\u0131 v\u0259 k\u0259nd t\u0259s\u0259rr\u00fcfat\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn optimal \u015f\u0259raitin saxlan\u0131lmas\u0131 v\u0259 s. m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259, b\u00f6lg\u0259d\u0259 iqlim d\u0259yi\u015fiklikl\u0259ri il\u0259 m\u00fcbariz\u0259d\u0259 aktiv beyn\u0259lxalq t\u0259\u015f\u0259bb\u00fcsl\u0259r g\u00f6st\u0259rir. Bu i\u015ftirak\u0131n bir n\u00fcmun\u0259si \u00f6lk\u0259d\u0259 ke\u00e7iril\u0259c\u0259k BMT-nin \u0130qlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyi \u00fczr\u0259 \u00c7\u0259r\u00e7iv\u0259 Konfrans\u0131d\u0131r (COP29) ki, bu da Az\u0259rbaycana beyn\u0259lxalq arenada iqlim d\u0259yi\u015fiklikl\u0259ri il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 tendensiyalar\u0131 v\u0259 liderliyini inki\u015faf etdirm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn platforma t\u0259min edir.<\/p>\n \u0130qlim d\u0259yi\u015fiklikl\u0259ri il\u0259 m\u00fcbariz\u0259nin vacib bir aspekti \u0259dal\u0259tdir, o, m\u00fcxt\u0259lif \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rin beyn\u0259lxalq m\u0259suliyy\u0259t v\u0259 m\u00fcasir imkanlar\u0131n\u0131n n\u0259z\u0259r\u0259 al\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 t\u0259l\u0259b edir. \u0130nki\u015faf etmi\u015f \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259r iqlim d\u0259yi\u015fiklikl\u0259rin\u0259 uy\u011funla\u015fma v\u0259 onlar\u0131n t\u0259sirl\u0259rinin azald\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn inki\u015faf etm\u0259kd\u0259 olan \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259ri kifay\u0259t q\u0259d\u0259r maliyy\u0259 d\u0259st\u0259yi il\u0259 t\u0259min etm\u0259lidirl\u0259r. Bu, yenil\u0259n\u0259n enerji m\u0259nb\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 investisiya qoyulmas\u0131, texnologiyalarla t\u0259chizedilm\u0259 v\u0259 su m\u0259nb\u0259l\u0259rinin qorunmas\u0131 kimi m\u00fcdafi\u0259 t\u0259dbirl\u0259rini \u0259hat\u0259 edir.<\/p>\n Bundan ba\u015fqa, iqlim d\u0259yi\u015fiklikl\u0259ri problemi d\u00fcnya v\u0259 n\u0259sill\u0259raras\u0131 \u0259dal\u0259t m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259ri il\u0259 \u0259laq\u0259dard\u0131r. Bu, insan h\u00fcquqlar\u0131n\u0131, o c\u00fcml\u0259d\u0259n h\u0259yat, sa\u011flaml\u0131q, qidalanma v\u0259 su h\u00fcquqlar\u0131n\u0131 \u0259hat\u0259 edir. H\u0259ssas ictimai qruplar, o c\u00fcml\u0259d\u0259n azg\u0259lirli qruplar v\u0259 yerli xalqlar tez-tez iqlim d\u0259yi\u015fiklikl\u0259rinin \u0259n ciddi n\u0259tic\u0259l\u0259ri il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 probleml\u0259rl\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131rlar. Onlar\u0131n h\u00fcquqlar\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fcdafi\u0259si v\u0259 q\u0259rar q\u0259bulunda i\u015ftiraklar\u0131n\u0131n t\u0259min edilm\u0259si \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn t\u0259cili v\u0259 x\u00fcsusi t\u0259dbirl\u0259r g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u0259lidir.<\/p>\n A\u00e7ar s\u00f6zl\u0259r: <\/strong>iqlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyi, \u0259dal\u0259t v\u0259 hesabatl\u0131l\u0131q, Paris Sazi\u015fi, Az\u0259rbaycan, COP29, su t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259sizliyi, iqlim maliyy\u0259si, insan h\u00fcquqlar\u0131, iqlim siyas\u0259ti, qlobal v\u0259 n\u0259sill\u0259raras\u0131 \u0259dal\u0259t, davaml\u0131 inki\u015faf<\/p>\n Giri\u015f<\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u0130qlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyi v\u0259 \u0259traf m\u00fchit etikas\u0131 \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f qlobal siyasi v\u0259 n\u0259z\u0259ri \u00e7\u0259r\u00e7iv\u0259d\u0259 b\u0259\u015f\u0259riyy\u0259tin qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda duran \u0259n t\u0259cili v\u0259 m\u00fcr\u0259kk\u0259b probleml\u0259rd\u0259n biri olaraq ortaya \u00e7\u0131xmaqdad\u0131r. \u0130qlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyi \u00e7ox\u015fax\u0259li xarakteri il\u0259 geni\u015f spektrd\u0259 etik m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259ri \u0259hat\u0259 edir, m\u00f6vcud m\u0259n\u0259vi v\u0259 siyasi paradiqmalar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 yenid\u0259n d\u0259y\u0259rl\u0259ndirm\u0259y\u0259 m\u0259cbur edir. \u0130qlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyinin t\u0259sirl\u0259ri daha \u00e7ox ayd\u0131n olduqca, \u0259dal\u0259t v\u0259 m\u0259suliyy\u0259tin \u0259n\u0259n\u0259vi s\u0259rh\u0259dl\u0259rini a\u015fan yeni bir etik \u00e7\u0259r\u00e7iv\u0259nin z\u0259ruriliyi he\u00e7 vaxt bu q\u0259d\u0259r m\u00fch\u00fcm olmay\u0131b.<\/p>\n Bu m\u00fczakir\u0259nin m\u0259rk\u0259zind\u0259 istisnas\u0131z olaraq, qlobal \u0259dal\u0259t anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 dayan\u0131r. \u0130qlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyi, s\u0259b\u0259bl\u0259ri v\u0259 t\u0259sirl\u0259ri d\u00fcnya miqyas\u0131nda qeyri-b\u0259rab\u0259r paylanan qlobal bir hadis\u0259y\u0259 \u00e7evrilib. S\u0259nayel\u0259\u015fmi\u015f \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259r verdikl\u0259ri q\u0259rarlara, b\u0259lk\u0259 d\u0259, art\u0131q h\u0259cml\u0259rin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 m\u00f6vcud qlobal iqlimin v\u0259ziyy\u0259tin\u0259 dair qeyri-m\u00fct\u0259nasib bir m\u0259suliyy\u0259t da\u015f\u0131maqdad\u0131rlar. Bel\u0259 ki, istixana qaz\u0131 emissiyalar\u0131na minimal t\u00f6hf\u0259 vermi\u015f inki\u015faf etm\u0259kd\u0259 olan \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259r tez-tez \u0259n a\u011f\u0131r n\u0259tic\u0259l\u0259rl\u0259 \u00fczl\u0259\u015fm\u0259y\u0259 davam edirl\u0259r. Bu disbalans tarixi m\u0259suliyy\u0259tl\u0259ri n\u0259z\u0259r\u0259 alan v\u0259 \u0259dal\u0259tli \u00e7\u0131x\u0131\u015f yolunu t\u0259bli\u011f ed\u0259n qlobal \u0259dal\u0259tli yana\u015fmaya t\u0259cili ehtiyac oldu\u011funu vur\u011fulay\u0131r [21]. \u018fdal\u0259t v\u0259 m\u0259suliyy\u0259t iqlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyin\u0259 qlobal cavab\u0131n m\u0259rk\u0259zind\u0259 dayanan \u0259sas anlay\u0131\u015flara aid olmaqdad\u0131r. \u018fdal\u0259t prinsipi t\u0259l\u0259b edir ki, iqlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyinin y\u00fcng\u00fcll\u0259\u015fdirilm\u0259si v\u0259 uy\u011funla\u015fma t\u0259dbirl\u0259ri f\u0259rqli \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rin f\u0259rqli imkan v\u0259 m\u0259suliyy\u0259tl\u0259rini n\u0259z\u0259r\u0259 alaraq \u0259dal\u0259tli v\u0259 d\u00fczg\u00fcn olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Daha \u00e7ox maliyy\u0259 v\u0259 texnoloji resurslara malik inki\u015faf etmi\u015f \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259r emissiyalar\u0131n azald\u0131lmas\u0131, h\u0259ssas \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 texnologiya transferi v\u0259 maliyy\u0259 yard\u0131m\u0131 g\u00f6st\u0259rm\u0259kl\u0259 iqlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyin\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fcbariz\u0259d\u0259 liderlik etm\u0259y\u0259 etik c\u0259h\u0259td\u0259n borcludurlar. M\u0259suliyy\u0259t is\u0259 beyn\u0259lxalq m\u00fcqavil\u0259l\u0259r, m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, Paris Sazi\u015fi \u00e7\u0259r\u00e7iv\u0259sind\u0259 g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f \u00f6hd\u0259likl\u0259rin konkret t\u0259dbirl\u0259rl\u0259 yerin\u0259 yetirilm\u0259sini t\u0259min edir v\u0259 bel\u0259likl\u0259, \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259r aras\u0131nda inam v\u0259 \u0259m\u0259kda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00fccl\u0259ndirir [14].<\/p>\n \u0130qlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyi il\u0259 m\u00fcbariz\u0259d\u0259 inki\u015faf etmi\u015f v\u0259 inki\u015faf etm\u0259kd\u0259 olan \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rin rolu f\u0259rqli, lakin bir-biri il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Tarix\u0259n istixana qaz\u0131 emissiyalar\u0131na g\u00f6r\u0259 \u0259n \u00e7ox m\u0259nfi m\u0259nada t\u00f6hf\u0259 vermi\u015f inki\u015faf etmi\u015f \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259r y\u00fcng\u00fcll\u0259\u015fdirm\u0259 hallar\u0131na g\u00f6r\u0259 liderlik etm\u0259y\u0259 m\u0259n\u0259vi olaraq h\u0259m d\u0259 ona g\u00f6r\u0259 borcludurlar ki, bu, emissiyalar\u0131n \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tli d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259d\u0259 azald\u0131lmas\u0131na, qlobal iqlim fondlar\u0131na b\u00f6y\u00fck maliyy\u0259 t\u00f6hf\u0259l\u0259ri kimi m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259rin davaml\u0131 inki\u015faf\u0131na d\u0259st\u0259k verm\u0259lidirl\u0259r. Dig\u0259r t\u0259r\u0259fd\u0259n, inki\u015faf etm\u0259kd\u0259 olan \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259r iqtisadi inki\u015faf\u0131 davam etdirm\u0259k v\u0259 karbon izl\u0259rini minimuma endirm\u0259k kimi ikiqat \u00e7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131\u015fla \u00fczl\u0259\u015firl\u0259r. Beyn\u0259lxalq \u0259m\u0259kda\u015fl\u0131q is\u0259 inkl\u00fcziv siyas\u0259t v\u0259 \u0259dal\u0259tli resurs b\u00f6lg\u00fcs\u00fc il\u0259 bu \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rin davaml\u0131 inki\u015faf h\u0259d\u0259fl\u0259rin\u0259 \u00e7atmas\u0131na d\u0259st\u0259k olmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn z\u0259ruri m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259 kimi \u00f6n\u0259 \u00e7\u0131xmaqdad\u0131r [17].<\/p>\n \u0130qlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyinin insan h\u00fcquqlar\u0131 il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 n\u0259tic\u0259l\u0259ri d\u0259rin v\u0259 geni\u015fdir. D\u0259niz s\u0259viyy\u0259sinin y\u00fcks\u0259lm\u0259si, ekstremal hava hadis\u0259l\u0259ri v\u0259 k\u0259nd t\u0259s\u0259rr\u00fcfat\u0131 m\u0259hsuldarl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndak\u0131 d\u0259yi\u015fiklikl\u0259r kimi iqlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyinin m\u0259nfi t\u0259sirl\u0259ri h\u0259yat, sa\u011flaml\u0131q, qida v\u0259 su kimi \u0259sas insan h\u00fcquqlar\u0131n\u0131 birba\u015fa t\u0259hdid edir [13]. \u018fn h\u0259ssas \u0259hali qruplar\u0131, o c\u00fcml\u0259d\u0259n yerli icmalar, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 g\u0259lirli qruplar v\u0259 g\u0259l\u0259c\u0259k n\u0259sill\u0259r x\u00fcsusil\u0259 risk alt\u0131ndad\u0131r. \u0130qlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyini insan h\u00fcquqlar\u0131 m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259si kimi tan\u0131maq bu h\u00fcquqlar\u0131 aktiv v\u0259 inkl\u00fcziv iqlim siyas\u0259ti il\u0259 qoruma\u011f\u0131n etik z\u0259ruriliyini vur\u011fulay\u0131r. Bu, h\u0259m\u00e7inin beyn\u0259lxalq ictimaiyy\u0259ti iqlim t\u0259dbirl\u0259rind\u0259 insan h\u00fcquqlar\u0131na \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck verm\u0259y\u0259, \u0259n h\u0259ssas \u0259hali qruplar\u0131n\u0131n qorunmas\u0131n\u0131 t\u0259min etm\u0259y\u0259 v\u0259 onlar\u0131n s\u0259sl\u0259rinin e\u015fidilm\u0259sini t\u0259min etm\u0259y\u0259 \u00e7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131r [19].<\/p>\n \u0130qlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyi h\u0259m d\u0259 hakimiyy\u0259t, idar\u0259etm\u0259 v\u0259 beyn\u0259lxalq \u0259laq\u0259l\u0259r m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259ri il\u0259 k\u0259si\u015f\u0259r\u0259k mahiyy\u0259t etibaril\u0259 siyasi bir m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259 yarad\u0131r. \u0130qlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyinin siyasi \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u0259ri beyn\u0259lxalq m\u00fcqavil\u0259l\u0259rin m\u00fczakir\u0259si, milli siyas\u0259tl\u0259rin formala\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 v\u0259 yerli qurumlar\u0131n f\u0259aliyy\u0259tinin h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irilm\u0259sin\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259rki prosesl\u0259ri \u0259hat\u0259 edir. Effektiv iqlim idar\u0259\u00e7iliyi \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rin iddial\u0131 h\u0259d\u0259fl\u0259r qoymaq, bilik payla\u015fmaq v\u0259 bir-birini m\u0259suliyy\u0259t\u0259 c\u0259lb etm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u0259m\u0259kda\u015fl\u0131q etdiyi \u00e7oxt\u0259r\u0259fli bir yana\u015fma t\u0259l\u0259b edir. Siyasi irad\u0259 v\u0259 ya onun olmamas\u0131 iqlim t\u0259\u015f\u0259bb\u00fcsl\u0259rinin u\u011furuna \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tli d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259d\u0259 t\u0259sir g\u00f6st\u0259rir. Buna g\u00f6r\u0259 d\u0259 siyasi liderl\u0259r iqlim t\u0259dbirl\u0259rini d\u0259st\u0259kl\u0259m\u0259kd\u0259 v\u0259 iqlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyinin h\u0259lli \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn qlobal konsensus yaratmaqda m\u00fch\u00fcm rol oynay\u0131rlar [12].<\/p>\n Elmi v\u0259 siyasi aspektl\u0259rind\u0259n ba\u015fqa, iqlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyi \u0259sas\u0259n etik bir m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259dir. Bu, planet\u0259, dig\u0259r n\u00f6vl\u0259r\u0259 v\u0259 g\u0259l\u0259c\u0259k n\u0259sill\u0259r\u0259 olan m\u0259suliyy\u0259timizl\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 d\u0259rin suallar do\u011furur. \u0130qlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyind\u0259 etik m\u00fclahiz\u0259l\u0259r \u0259dal\u0259t, \u0259dal\u0259tlilik v\u0259 \u0259man\u0259t olmaq kimi h\u00fcquqi v\u0259 m\u0259n\u0259vi prinsipl\u0259ri \u0259hat\u0259 edir. Bu, davaml\u0131 h\u0259yat t\u0259rzl\u0259rin\u0259 v\u0259 iqtisadiyyatlara ke\u00e7idi m\u00fcdafi\u0259 ed\u0259r\u0259k, d\u0259y\u0259rl\u0259rimizi v\u0259 davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 yenid\u0259n d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnm\u0259yimizi t\u0259l\u0259b edir. \u0130qlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyinin etik \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fc h\u0259m\u00e7inin m\u0259d\u0259ni m\u00fcxt\u0259lifliy\u0259 h\u00f6rm\u0259t ed\u0259n v\u0259 davaml\u0131 h\u0259ll\u0259rin haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131nda yerli v\u0259 h\u0259m d\u0259 yeni bilik sisteml\u0259rini daxil ed\u0259n inkl\u00fcziv bir yana\u015fmaya t\u0259l\u0259b do\u011furur.<\/p>\n \u0130qlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyi bizi planetimizin qay\u011f\u0131s\u0131na qalma\u011fa, dig\u0259r canl\u0131lar\u0131n h\u00fcquqlar\u0131n\u0131 qoruma\u011fa v\u0259 g\u0259l\u0259c\u0259k n\u0259sill\u0259rin ehtiyaclar\u0131n\u0131 n\u0259z\u0259r\u0259 alma\u011fa \u00e7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131r. Bu v\u0259zif\u0259l\u0259ri yerin\u0259 yetirm\u0259k h\u0259r birimizin – b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rin v\u0259 b\u00fct\u00fcn c\u0259miyy\u0259tl\u0259rin \u00fcz\u0259rin\u0259 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr.<\/p>\n Bel\u0259 \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259n biri, he\u00e7 \u015f\u00fcbh\u0259siz, Az\u0259rbaycan Respublikas\u0131d\u0131r. “\u0130qlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyi v\u0259 \u0259traf m\u00fchit etikas\u0131” m\u00f6vzusu il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 m\u00fczakir\u0259l\u0259r Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n ev sahibliyi ed\u0259c\u0259yi COP29 zirv\u0259si il\u0259 s\u0131x \u0259laq\u0259lidir. COP29 iqlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyi il\u0259 m\u00fcbariz\u0259 v\u0259 \u0259dal\u0259tli iqlim t\u0259dbirl\u0259ri istiqam\u0259tind\u0259 beyn\u0259lxalq bir platforma olaraq b\u00f6y\u00fck \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259t da\u015f\u0131y\u0131r. Bu t\u0259dbir qlobal miqyasda iqlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyinin t\u0259sirl\u0259rinin aradan qald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn yeni siyas\u0259tl\u0259rin v\u0259 strategiyalar\u0131n m\u00fczakir\u0259 olunaca\u011f\u0131 bir forum kimi d\u00fcnyaya xitab ed\u0259c\u0259k ki, biz onu \u015f\u0259rti olaraq \u201cBak\u0131 B\u0259yannam\u0259si\u201d kimi toplu \u00f6hd\u0259likl\u0259rin m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n edil\u0259c\u0259yi istinad s\u0259n\u0259di olaraq anaca\u011f\u0131q. Prezident \u0130lham \u018fliyevin d\u0259 dediyi kimi, \u0259sas h\u0259d\u0259fl\u0259rd\u0259n biri emissiyalar\u0131n azald\u0131lmas\u0131 fonunda ya\u015f\u0131l enerjiy\u0259 ke\u00e7iddir: \u201cCOP29-un Az\u0259rbaycanda ke\u00e7irilm\u0259si \u00f6lk\u0259mizin ya\u015f\u0131l enerjiy\u0259 ke\u00e7id istiqam\u0259tind\u0259 s\u0259yl\u0259rin\u0259 v\u0259 bu sah\u0259d\u0259 beyn\u0259lxalq t\u0259r\u0259fda\u015flarla \u0259m\u0259kda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n daha da inki\u015faf\u0131na t\u0259kan ver\u0259c\u0259k\u201d [1].<\/p>\n COP29 zirv\u0259sind\u0259 m\u00fczakir\u0259 edil\u0259c\u0259k \u0259sas m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259n biri qlobal \u0259dal\u0259t v\u0259 iqlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyi kimi findamental m\u00f6vzular olacaq. Az\u0259rbaycan bu konfransda ev sahibi olaraq, qlobal \u0259dal\u0259t v\u0259 iqlim t\u0259dbirl\u0259rind\u0259 m\u0259suliyy\u0259tin b\u00f6l\u00fc\u015fd\u00fcr\u00fclm\u0259si m\u00f6vzular\u0131nda liderlik etm\u0259k v\u0259 beyn\u0259lxalq ictimaiyy\u0259tin diqq\u0259tini bu m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 y\u00f6n\u0259ltm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn bir f\u00fcrs\u0259t \u0259ld\u0259 ed\u0259c\u0259k.<\/p>\n \u0130qlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyi il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 insan h\u00fcquqlar\u0131 m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259ri d\u0259 COP29-un g\u00fcnd\u0259liyind\u0259 m\u00fch\u00fcm yer tutacaq. \u00c7\u00fcnki iqlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyinin m\u0259nfi t\u0259sirl\u0259ri x\u00fcsusil\u0259 h\u0259ssas \u0259hali qruplar\u0131n\u0131n h\u00fcquqlar\u0131n\u0131 t\u0259hdid edir. Bu konfransda insan h\u00fcquqlar\u0131n\u0131n qorunmas\u0131 v\u0259 iqlim t\u0259dbirl\u0259rinin bu h\u00fcquqlar\u0131 n\u0259z\u0259r\u0259 alaraq h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irilm\u0259si istiqam\u0259tind\u0259 yeni strategiyalar v\u0259 \u0259m\u0259kda\u015fl\u0131q mexanizml\u0259ri m\u00fczakir\u0259 edilm\u0259lidir. N\u0259z\u0259r almal\u0131y\u0131q ki, \u00f6lk\u0259mizin \u0259razisinin bir hiss\u0259sinin 30 ild\u0259n art\u0131q bir d\u00f6vrd\u0259 Erm\u0259nistan Respublikas\u0131n\u0131n i\u015f\u011fal\u00e7\u0131 ordusu t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n z\u0259bt edilm\u0259si fakt\u0131 milyona yax\u0131n soyda\u015f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n qa\u00e7q\u0131n v\u0259 m\u0259cburi k\u00f6\u00e7k\u00fcn d\u00fc\u015fm\u0259si il\u0259 n\u0259tic\u0259l\u0259nib. B\u00f6lg\u0259d\u0259 t\u0259bi\u0259t\u0259, ya\u015fay\u0131\u015f yerl\u0259rin\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 ciddi m\u00fcharib\u0259 cinay\u0259tl\u0259ri t\u00f6r\u0259dilib, n\u0259tic\u0259d\u0259 y\u00fcz minl\u0259rl\u0259 insan\u0131n ya\u015famaq h\u00fcququ v\u0259 dig\u0259r haqlar\u0131 pozulub.<\/p>\n COP29 eyni zamanda iqlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyinin siyasi v\u0259 etik aspektl\u0259ri il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 beyn\u0259lxalq bir konsensus yaratma\u011fa xidm\u0259t etm\u0259lidir. Bu h\u0259m inki\u015faf etmi\u015f, h\u0259m d\u0259 inki\u015faf etm\u0259kd\u0259 olan \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rin ortaq m\u0259suliyy\u0259tl\u0259rini m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n etm\u0259k v\u0259 bu m\u0259suliyy\u0259tl\u0259ri b\u0259rab\u0259r \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 payla\u015fmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn vacibdir. Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n bu t\u0259dbird\u0259ki rolu qlobal iqlim siyas\u0259tinin formala\u015fmas\u0131na v\u0259 \u0259dal\u0259tli bir iqlim idar\u0259\u00e7iliyinin qurulmas\u0131na m\u00fch\u00fcm t\u00f6hf\u0259 ver\u0259c\u0259kdir.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u0130qlim f\u0259aliyy\u0259tind\u0259 b\u0259rab\u0259rlik v\u0259 hesabatl\u0131l\u0131q iqlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyi il\u0259 m\u00fcbariz\u0259 \u00fczr\u0259 qlobal s\u0259yl\u0259rd\u0259 davaml\u0131 v\u0259 \u0259dal\u0259tli n\u0259tic\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 nail olmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u0259sasd\u0131r. Bu m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259ri \u0259hat\u0259 ed\u0259n dialoq m\u00fcr\u0259kk\u0259bdir, tarixi emissiyalar\u0131n ke\u00e7mi\u015fi v\u0259 g\u0259l\u0259c\u0259k taleyi bu m\u0259nada iqtisadi imkanlardak\u0131 cari uy\u011funsuzluqlar v\u0259 effektiv qlobal idar\u0259\u00e7iliy\u0259 t\u0259cili ehtiyacla ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n \u0130qlim dan\u0131\u015f\u0131qlar\u0131 prosesind\u0259 b\u0259rab\u0259rlik iqlim probleml\u0259rinin h\u0259llin\u0259 t\u00f6hf\u0259 verm\u0259k kimi bir rakursda \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rin m\u00fcxt\u0259lif imkanlar\u0131n\u0131 v\u0259 m\u0259suliyy\u0259tl\u0259rini d\u0259rk etm\u0259si dem\u0259kdir. Tarix\u0259n inki\u015faf etmi\u015f \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rin qlobal istixana qaz\u0131 emissiyalar\u0131na \u0259n \u00e7ox t\u00f6hf\u0259 verdikl\u0259ri deyilir, lakin ortada ciddi faktlar m\u00f6vcuddur. Bel\u0259 ki, Tuvalu v\u0259 Maldiv adalar\u0131 kimi ki\u00e7ik ada d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259ri qlobal emissiyalara t\u00f6hf\u0259l\u0259ri c\u00fczi olsa da, d\u0259niz s\u0259viyy\u0259sinin y\u00fcks\u0259lm\u0259sin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 ekzistensial t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259l\u0259rl\u0259 \u00fczl\u0259\u015firl\u0259r. Bel\u0259 olduqda qlobal birlik d\u0259niz s\u0259viyy\u0259sinin artmas\u0131na g\u00f6r\u0259 yaranan probleml\u0259ri d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259r aras\u0131nda m\u00fczakir\u0259 etm\u0259kd\u0259n yan ke\u00e7\u0259r\u0259k, bu c\u00fcr ki\u00e7ik resurlu d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259ri okean\u0131n ortas\u0131nda da t\u0259rk edirl\u0259r. Birl\u0259\u015fmi\u015f Mill\u0259tl\u0259r T\u0259\u015fkilat\u0131n\u0131n 1992-ci il \u0130qlim D\u0259yi\u015fikliyi \u00fczr\u0259 \u00c7\u0259r\u00e7iv\u0259 Konvensiyas\u0131ndan ir\u0259li g\u0259l\u0259n \u201c\u00fcmumi, lakin f\u0259rqli m\u0259suliyy\u0259tl\u0259r\u201d prinsipi bu yana\u015fman\u0131 vur\u011fulay\u0131r. S\u0259n\u0259dd\u0259 qeyd edilir ki, b\u00fct\u00fcn d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259r iqlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyi il\u0259 m\u0259\u015f\u011ful olsalar da, onlar\u0131n ham\u0131s\u0131 eyni \u00f6hd\u0259likl\u0259ri da\u015f\u0131m\u0131r. \u0130nki\u015faf etmi\u015f \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rin tullant\u0131lar\u0131n azald\u0131lmas\u0131nda v\u0259 inki\u015faf etm\u0259kd\u0259 olan \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 maliyy\u0259 v\u0259 texnoloji d\u0259st\u0259k verilm\u0259sind\u0259 liderlik ed\u0259c\u0259yi g\u00f6zl\u0259nilir [20]. Bu \u00e7\u0259r\u00e7iv\u0259 beyn\u0259lxalq iqlim siyas\u0259tinin \u00e7ox hiss\u0259sini istiqam\u0259tl\u0259ndirdi, lakin hesabatl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irilm\u0259sin\u0259 g\u0259ldikd\u0259 h\u0259l\u0259 d\u0259 problem olaraq qal\u0131r [15].<\/p>\n \u0130qlim f\u0259aliyy\u0259tind\u0259 hesabatl\u0131l\u0131q b\u00fct\u00fcn d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259rin \u00f6z \u00f6hd\u0259likl\u0259rin\u0259 \u0259m\u0259l etm\u0259sini t\u0259min etm\u0259k dem\u0259kdir. Lakin beyn\u0259lxalq m\u00fcqavil\u0259l\u0259r \u00e7\u0259r\u00e7iv\u0259sind\u0259 icra mexanizml\u0259ri \u00e7ox vaxt z\u0259if olur. 2015-ci il Paris Sazi\u015fi \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259ri qlobal c\u0259hd kimi \u00f6z milli t\u00f6hf\u0259l\u0259rini verm\u0259y\u0259 t\u0259\u015fviq ed\u0259n daha \u00e7evik bir \u00e7\u0259r\u00e7iv\u0259 kimi \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tli d\u0259yi\u015fikliyi ortaya \u00e7\u0131xartd\u0131. Bu yana\u015fma \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 iqliml\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 f\u0259aliyy\u0259t planlar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6z x\u00fcsusi \u015f\u0259raitl\u0259rin\u0259 uy\u011funla\u015fd\u0131rma\u011fa imkan verm\u0259kl\u0259, daha \u00e7ox i\u015ftirak\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 t\u0259\u015fviq etm\u0259k m\u0259qs\u0259di da\u015f\u0131d\u0131 [21].<\/p>\n \u0130qlim maliyy\u0259si m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259si \u0259dal\u0259t v\u0259 hesabatl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n k\u0259si\u015fm\u0259sini g\u00f6st\u0259rir. \u0130nki\u015faf etmi\u015f \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259r 2020-ci il\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r inki\u015faf etm\u0259kd\u0259 olan \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 iqliml\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 s\u0259yl\u0259rind\u0259 k\u00f6m\u0259k etm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn h\u0259r il 100 milyard dollar s\u0259rf etm\u0259yi \u00f6hd\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 g\u00f6t\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015fd\u00fcl\u0259r. Bununla bel\u0259, faktiki \u00f6d\u0259ni\u015fl\u0259r ard\u0131c\u0131l deyildi v\u0259 \u00e7ox vaxt v\u0259d edil\u0259n m\u0259bl\u0259\u011fl\u0259rd\u0259n \u00e7ox-\u00e7ox gerid\u0259 qal\u0131rd\u0131 [7].<\/p>\n Texnologiyan\u0131n \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fclm\u0259si dig\u0259r vacib sah\u0259dir. Qabaqc\u0131l iqtisadiyyatlar\u0131n az inki\u015faf etmi\u015f \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 dayan\u0131ql\u0131 texnologiyalara d\u0259st\u0259k verm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn vasit\u0259l\u0259ri v\u0259 m\u0259suliyy\u0259ti var. Bu, t\u0259kc\u0259 h\u0259min \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 iqliml\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 s\u0259yl\u0259r\u0259 k\u00f6m\u0259k etmir, h\u0259m d\u0259 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 karbon texnologiyalar\u0131na do\u011fru qlobal t\u0259r\u0259qqini s\u00fcr\u0259tl\u0259ndirir. Bununla bel\u0259, texnologiyan\u0131n \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fclm\u0259si \u0259qli m\u00fclkiyy\u0259t h\u00fcquqlar\u0131 v\u0259 kommersiya maraqlar\u0131 il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259rl\u0259 xaos t\u0259\u015fkil edir, \u00e7ox vaxt m\u00fch\u00fcm texnologiyalar\u0131n onlara \u0259n \u00e7ox ehtiyac\u0131 olan \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259r \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u0259l\u00e7atan olmas\u0131nda \u0259ng\u0259ll\u0259r yaran\u0131r v\u0259 onlar\u0131n \u00e7evik reaksiya s\u00fcr\u0259ti l\u0259ngiyir.<\/p>\n \u0130qlim f\u0259aliyy\u0259tind\u0259 \u0259dal\u0259t v\u0259 hesabatl\u0131l\u0131q \u0259traf\u0131nda diskurs h\u0259m d\u0259 yerli xalqlar\u0131n v\u0259 yerli icmalar\u0131n h\u00fcquqlar\u0131 da daxil olmaqla daha geni\u015f sosial \u0259dal\u0259tsizlik m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259rini \u00f6n\u0259 \u00e7\u0131xar\u0131r.<\/p>\n Dem\u0259k olar ki, sosial qruplar tez-tez Arktikadan Amazona q\u0259d\u0259r iqlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyinin qurbanlar\u0131 olurlar. Onlar\u0131n iqlim dialoqunda i\u015ftirak\u0131 \u00e7ox vacibdir, \u00e7\u00fcnki onlar davaml\u0131l\u0131q v\u0259 uy\u011funla\u015fma strategiyalar\u0131na t\u00f6hf\u0259 ver\u0259 bil\u0259c\u0259k \u0259n\u0259n\u0259vi bilikl\u0259r\u0259 v\u0259 davaml\u0131 t\u0259cr\u00fcb\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 malikdirl\u0259r. Bu s\u0259sl\u0259rin beyn\u0259lxalq forumlarda e\u015fidilm\u0259si v\u0259 h\u00f6rm\u0259t edilm\u0259sinin t\u0259min edilm\u0259si h\u0259m \u0259dal\u0259tlilik, h\u0259m d\u0259 s\u0259m\u0259r\u0259lilik m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259si olsa da, h\u0259r ke\u00e7\u0259n g\u00fcn d\u00fcnyada \u0259m\u0259kda\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n yerini qar\u015f\u0131durmalar v\u0259 m\u00fcharib\u0259l\u0259r almaqdad\u0131r.<\/p>\n Biz g\u0259l\u0259c\u0259y\u0259 baxd\u0131qca, \u0259dal\u0259tli v\u0259 hesabatl\u0131 \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 iqliml\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 f\u0259aliyy\u0259tin geni\u015fl\u0259ndirilm\u0259si probleminin daha da g\u00fccl\u0259ndiyini g\u00f6r\u0259c\u0259yik. Qlobal iqlim strategiyalar\u0131n\u0131n u\u011furu t\u0259kc\u0259 ka\u011f\u0131z \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f \u00f6hd\u0259likl\u0259rd\u0259n deyil, h\u0259m d\u0259 bu \u00f6hd\u0259likl\u0259rin yerin\u0259 yetirilm\u0259sini t\u0259min etm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn yarad\u0131lm\u0131\u015f mexanizml\u0259rin \u015f\u0259ffafl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, \u0259dal\u0259tliliyind\u0259n v\u0259 m\u00f6hk\u0259mliyind\u0259n as\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n Daha sonra F\u0259rql\u0259ndirilmi\u015f M\u0259suliyy\u0259tl\u0259r Prinsipi (CBDR prinsipi) qlobal iqlim idar\u0259\u00e7iliyinin \u0259dal\u0259tliliyini v\u0259 effektivliyini art\u0131rmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn vacib bir mexanizm\u0259 \u00e7evrilm\u0259y\u0259 ba\u015flad\u0131. Bu prinsipin tam h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irilm\u0259si \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn beyn\u0259lxalq \u0259m\u0259kda\u015fl\u0131q, \u015f\u0259ffafl\u0131q v\u0259 hesabatl\u0131l\u0131q t\u0259min edilm\u0259li idi: CBDR 1992-ci ild\u0259 Rio Sammitind\u0259 t\u0259sis edildi v\u0259 beyn\u0259lxalq iqlim sazi\u015fl\u0259rinin t\u0259m\u0259l da\u015f\u0131na \u00e7evrildi. CBDR vur\u011fulay\u0131r ki, b\u00fct\u00fcn d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259r iqlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyi il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 cavabdehdirl\u0259r, lakin inki\u015faf etmi\u015f d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259r \u00f6z tarixi emissiyalar\u0131na v\u0259 daha b\u00f6y\u00fck iqtisadi potensiallar\u0131na g\u00f6r\u0259 daha b\u00f6y\u00fck m\u0259suliyy\u0259t da\u015f\u0131y\u0131rlar [20]. Bu prinsipin \u0259sas\u0131 1972-ci ild\u0259 Stokholm Konfrans\u0131nda at\u0131lm\u0131\u015f v\u0259 burada inki\u015faf etm\u0259kd\u0259 olan \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rin davaml\u0131 inki\u015faf\u0131 t\u0259min etm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn maliyy\u0259 v\u0259 texnoloji d\u0259st\u0259y\u0259 ehtiyac\u0131 oldu\u011fu q\u0259bul edilmi\u015fdi [18].<\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u0130nki\u015faf etmi\u015f \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rin iqlim f\u0259aliyy\u0259tind\u0259 rolu t\u0259kc\u0259 \u00f6z emissiyalar\u0131n\u0131 azaltmaq deyil, h\u0259m d\u0259 texnologiya transferi v\u0259 maliyy\u0259 d\u0259st\u0259yi vasit\u0259sil\u0259 inki\u015faf etm\u0259kd\u0259 olan \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 k\u00f6m\u0259k etm\u0259kdir. Bu, inki\u015faf etm\u0259kd\u0259 olan \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rin inki\u015faf m\u0259qs\u0259dl\u0259rin\u0259 x\u0259l\u0259l g\u0259tirm\u0259d\u0259n daha t\u0259miz texnologiyalara ke\u00e7m\u0259sin\u0259 k\u00f6m\u0259k etm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn vacibdir.<\/p>\n Qlobal iqlim f\u0259aliyy\u0259ti sah\u0259sind\u0259 inki\u015faf etmi\u015f v\u0259 inki\u015faf etm\u0259kd\u0259 olan \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rin rollar\u0131 onlar\u0131n iqtisadi tarixl\u0259ri, imkanlar\u0131 v\u0259 z\u0259iflikl\u0259ri il\u0259 ayd\u0131n \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 formala\u015f\u0131r. Qlobal birlik etiraf edir ki, istixana qazlar\u0131n\u0131n tarix\u0259n toplanmas\u0131 \u0259sas\u0259n bug\u00fcnk\u00fc inki\u015faf etmi\u015f d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259rin s\u0259nayel\u0259\u015fm\u0259si n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 ba\u015f verib. Bu a\u00e7\u0131q reall\u0131q iqlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyi il\u0259 m\u00fcbariz\u0259d\u0259 m\u0259suliyy\u0259t v\u0259 qabiliyy\u0259t haqq\u0131nda m\u00fcasir diskursu \u00e7\u0259r\u00e7iv\u0259y\u0259 sal\u0131r.<\/p>\n Son \u0259srl\u0259r \u0259rzind\u0259 g\u00fccl\u00fc iqtisadiyyatlar\u0131 v\u0259 s\u0259naye f\u0259aliyy\u0259tinin daha y\u00fcks\u0259k s\u0259viyy\u0259l\u0259ri il\u0259 xarakteriz\u0259 olunan inki\u015faf etmi\u015f \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259r atmosfer karbon ehtiyat\u0131n\u0131n \u0259sas pay\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131d\u0131r. M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, s\u0259naye inqilab\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015flan\u011f\u0131c\u0131ndan b\u0259ri Amerika Birl\u0259\u015fmi\u015f \u015etatlar\u0131 v\u0259 Avropa \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259ri birlikd\u0259 atmosferd\u0259ki \u00fcmumi art\u0131q karbon qaz\u0131n\u0131n 50%-d\u0259n \u00e7oxunu \u201ct\u0259\u015fkil edibl\u0259r\u201d. Qlobal istil\u0259\u015fm\u0259y\u0259 bu qeyri-m\u00fct\u0259nasib t\u00f6hf\u0259 problem\u0259 \u0259n \u00e7ox “t\u00f6hf\u0259” ver\u0259nl\u0259rin onun h\u0259llind\u0259 daha \u00e7ox m\u0259suliyy\u0259t da\u015f\u0131mas\u0131 prinsipini formala\u015fd\u0131r\u0131b.<\/p>\n Spektrin dig\u0259r t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259 olan inki\u015faf etm\u0259kd\u0259 olan \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259r istixana qazlar\u0131 emissiyalar\u0131na minimal tarixi t\u00f6hf\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 baxmayaraq, iqlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyinin \u0259n ciddi t\u0259sirl\u0259ri il\u0259 \u00fczl\u0259\u015firl\u0259r. Banqlade\u015f v\u0259 Mozambik kimi \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259r siklonlar v\u0259 da\u015fq\u0131nlar kimi iqliml\u0259 \u0259laq\u0259li da\u011f\u0131d\u0131c\u0131 hadis\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 \u00e7ox h\u0259ssasd\u0131rlar. Bu, onillikl\u0259r boyu iqtisadi t\u0259r\u0259qqini pozmaq t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259si yarad\u0131r.<\/p>\n 2015-ci ild\u0259 q\u0259bul edilmi\u015f Paris Sazi\u015fi bu diferensialla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f \u00f6hd\u0259likl\u0259rin qlobal \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 etiraf edilm\u0259sin\u0259 n\u00fcmun\u0259dir. O, h\u0259r bir \u00f6lk\u0259nin emissiyalar\u0131n azald\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00f6hd\u0259liyini \u00f6z\u00fcnd\u0259 \u0259ks etdir\u0259n Milli M\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n edilmi\u015f t\u00f6hf\u0259l\u0259ri (NDC) t\u0259qdim etdi. \u0130nki\u015faf etmi\u015f \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259r tez-tez tullant\u0131lar\u0131n m\u00fctl\u0259q azald\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 v\u0259d ets\u0259l\u0259r d\u0259, inki\u015faf etm\u0259kd\u0259 olan \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259r varl\u0131 h\u0259mkarlar\u0131ndan maliyy\u0259 v\u0259 texnoloji d\u0259st\u0259k almaq \u015f\u0259rti il\u0259 tez-tez b\u0259yanatlar s\u0259sl\u0259ndirirl\u0259r.<\/p>\n Maliyy\u0259 aspekti \u0259sasd\u0131r. \u0130nki\u015faf etm\u0259kd\u0259 olan \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rin iqlim f\u0259aliyy\u0259tini d\u0259st\u0259kl\u0259m\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn 2020-ci il\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r h\u0259r il \u0259n az\u0131 100 milyard dollar s\u0259f\u0259rb\u0259r etm\u0259k \u00f6hd\u0259liyi, y\u0259ni inki\u015faf etmi\u015f \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rin \u00f6hd\u0259liyi beyn\u0259lxalq iqlim siyas\u0259tinin t\u0259m\u0259l da\u015f\u0131d\u0131r. Bununla bel\u0259, bu v\u0259saitl\u0259rin ax\u0131n\u0131 tez-tez qeyri-\u015f\u0259ffafl\u0131\u011f\u0131na v\u0259 \u00f6d\u0259ni\u015fin yava\u015f tempin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 t\u0259nqid olunur. M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, inki\u015faf etm\u0259kd\u0259 olan d\u00fcnyaya adaptasiya v\u0259 t\u0259sirin azald\u0131lmas\u0131 t\u0259cr\u00fcb\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 k\u00f6m\u0259k etm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259 tutulmu\u015f Ya\u015f\u0131l \u0130qlim Fondu kifay\u0259t q\u0259d\u0259r maliyy\u0259l\u0259\u015fdirm\u0259 v\u0259 resurslar\u0131n \u0259dal\u0259tli b\u00f6l\u00fc\u015fd\u00fcr\u00fclm\u0259si il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 probleml\u0259rl\u0259 \u00fczl\u0259\u015fir.<\/p>\n \u00dcst\u0259lik, inki\u015faf etmi\u015f v\u0259 inki\u015faf etm\u0259kd\u0259 olan \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259r aras\u0131nda texnoloji u\u00e7urum d\u0259rindir. \u0130nki\u015faf etmi\u015f \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259r qabaqc\u0131l b\u0259rpa olunan enerji texnologiyalar\u0131na, s\u0259m\u0259r\u0259li s\u0259naye prosesl\u0259rin\u0259 v\u0259 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 karbonlu g\u0259l\u0259c\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn vacib olan ya\u015f\u0131l innovasiyalara malikdirl\u0259r. Bu texnologiyalar\u0131n inki\u015faf etm\u0259kd\u0259 olan \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fclm\u0259si qlobal iqlim siyas\u0259tinin m\u00fch\u00fcm t\u0259rkib hiss\u0259sidir. Bununla bel\u0259, \u0259qli m\u00fclkiyy\u0259t h\u00fcquqlar\u0131 v\u0259 texnologiya transferi x\u0259rcl\u0259ri kimi m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259r \u0259m\u0259kda\u015fl\u0131\u011fa mane ola bil\u0259c\u0259k m\u00fcbahis\u0259li m\u0259qamlar olaraq qal\u0131r. \u0130nki\u015faf etm\u0259kd\u0259 olan \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rin rolu t\u0259kc\u0259 passiv deyil. Hindistan v\u0259 \u00c7in kimi d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259r b\u0259rpa olunan enerji sektorlar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcr\u0259tl\u0259 inki\u015faf etdirirl\u0259r, \u00c7in g\u00fcn\u0259\u015f panell\u0259ri v\u0259 k\u00fcl\u0259k turbinl\u0259ri istehsal\u0131nda d\u00fcnyada liderdir. Onlar\u0131n yana\u015fmalar\u0131 qlobal bazarlar\u0131 yenid\u0259n formala\u015fd\u0131r\u0131r v\u0259 inki\u015faf etm\u0259kd\u0259 olan iqtisadiyyatlar\u0131na \u0259n\u0259n\u0259vi qal\u0131q yanacaqla idar\u0259 olunan b\u00f6y\u00fcm\u0259 modell\u0259ril\u0259 nec\u0259 davrana bil\u0259c\u0259kl\u0259ri m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259sind\u0259 t\u0259r\u0259dd\u00fcdl\u0259r formala\u015fd\u0131r\u0131r. A\u015fa\u011f\u0131 s\u0259viyy\u0259d\u0259, x\u00fcsusil\u0259 inki\u015faf etm\u0259kd\u0259 olan \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 yerli icmalar\u0131n c\u0259lb edilm\u0259si iqliml\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 f\u0259aliyy\u0259tin u\u011furu \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u00e7ox vacibdir. Yerli bilik sisteml\u0259ri v\u0259 \u0259n\u0259n\u0259vi t\u0259cr\u00fcb\u0259l\u0259r \u00e7ox vaxt yerli ekosisteml\u0259r\u0259 uy\u011funla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f davaml\u0131 h\u0259ll\u0259r t\u0259klif edir. Bu yerli h\u0259ll\u0259rin q\u0259bul edilm\u0259si v\u0259 daha geni\u015f milli v\u0259 beyn\u0259lxalq strategiyalara inteqrasiya effektiv uy\u011funla\u015fma v\u0259 dayan\u0131ql\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n yarad\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn getdikc\u0259 vacib hesab olunur.<\/p>\n \u018fslind\u0259, inki\u015faf etmi\u015f v\u0259 inki\u015faf etm\u0259kd\u0259 olan \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259r aras\u0131nda iqlim f\u0259aliyy\u0259tind\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ql\u0131 \u0259laq\u0259 m\u0259suliyy\u0259tl\u0259rin, imkanlar\u0131n v\u0259 ehtiyaclar\u0131n m\u00fcr\u0259kk\u0259b r\u0259qsidir. \u0130qlim f\u0259aliyy\u0259tind\u0259 b\u0259rab\u0259rlik t\u0259kc\u0259 b\u0259rab\u0259r t\u00f6hf\u0259l\u0259r dem\u0259k deyil, h\u0259m d\u0259 h\u0259r bir \u00f6lk\u0259nin imkanlar\u0131n\u0131n v\u0259 tarixi kontekstl\u0259rinin q\u0259bul edildiyi v\u0259 n\u0259z\u0259r\u0259 al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u0259dal\u0259tli t\u00f6hf\u0259l\u0259r dem\u0259kdir. D\u00fcnya ir\u0259lil\u0259dikc\u0259 \u0259m\u0259kda\u015fl\u0131q v\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ql\u0131 d\u0259st\u0259k ruhu iqlim b\u00f6hran\u0131n\u0131n effektiv h\u0259llind\u0259 m\u00fch\u00fcm rol oynayacaq.<\/p>\n \u0130nki\u015faf etm\u0259kd\u0259 olan \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259r iqtisadi inki\u015faf \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn s\u0259y g\u00f6st\u0259r\u0259rk\u0259n iqlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyi il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 ikili probleml\u0259 \u00fczl\u0259\u015firl\u0259r. Buna g\u00f6r\u0259 d\u0259 onlar\u0131n iqlim f\u0259aliyy\u0259tind\u0259ki rolu m\u00fcr\u0259kk\u0259bdir, \u00e7\u00fcnki onlar davaml\u0131l\u0131q yaratmaq v\u0259 davaml\u0131 inki\u015faf yollar\u0131n\u0131 q\u0259bul etm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn d\u0259st\u0259y\u0259 ehtiyac duyurlar.<\/p>\n Case Study – \u00c7in v\u0259 Hindistan:<\/strong> \u018fsas inki\u015faf etm\u0259kd\u0259 olan iqtisadiyyatlar kimi h\u0259r iki \u00f6lk\u0259 iqlim f\u0259aliyy\u0259tind\u0259 m\u00fch\u00fcm oyun\u00e7ulard\u0131r. Onlar\u0131n \u00e7oxsayl\u0131 \u0259halisi v\u0259 artan iqtisadiyyatlar\u0131 var, bu da b\u0259rpa olunan enerjiy\u0259 ke\u00e7idl\u0259rini qlobal s\u0259yl\u0259r \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn kritik edir. H\u0259r iki \u00f6lk\u0259 b\u0259rpa olunan enerji \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn iddial\u0131 h\u0259d\u0259fl\u0259r qoyub, lakin k\u00f6m\u00fcrd\u0259n as\u0131l\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n azald\u0131lmas\u0131nda \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tli \u00e7\u0259tinlikl\u0259rl\u0259 \u00fczl\u0259\u015firl\u0259r.<\/p>\n Maraql\u0131 fakt: <\/strong>Hindistan 2030-cu il\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r 450 GW b\u0259rpa olunan enerji g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u0259 nail olma\u011f\u0131 \u00f6hd\u0259sin\u0259 g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcb ki, bu da onu qlobal miqyasda b\u0259rpa olunan enerjinin \u0259n b\u00f6y\u00fck istehsal\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131ndan birin\u0259 \u00e7evir\u0259c\u0259k.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u0130qlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyi ekoloji probleml\u0259rin s\u0259rh\u0259dl\u0259rini a\u015f\u0131r, insan h\u00fcquqlar\u0131 sah\u0259sin\u0259 d\u0259rind\u0259n n\u00fcfuz edir. Bu m\u00fcr\u0259kk\u0259b k\u0259si\u015fm\u0259 istil\u0259\u015f\u0259n planetin ya\u015famaq, su, yem\u0259k v\u0259 m\u0259nzil h\u00fcququ da daxil olmaqla fundamental insan h\u00fcquqlar\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn d\u0259rin t\u0259sirl\u0259rini vur\u011fulay\u0131r. Planet istil\u0259\u015fdikc\u0259, d\u0259niz s\u0259viyy\u0259si y\u00fcks\u0259ldikc\u0259 v\u0259 ekstremal hava hadis\u0259l\u0259ri daha tez-tez \u015fidd\u0259tl\u0259ndikc\u0259 insan h\u0259yat\u0131n\u0131 t\u0259min etm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn t\u0259l\u0259b olunan t\u0259m\u0259l elementl\u0259r getdikc\u0259 daha \u00e7ox risk alt\u0131nda olur.<\/p>\n \u0130qlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyinin t\u0259sirl\u0259ri daha \u00e7ox d\u00fcnyan\u0131n \u0259n h\u0259ssas \u0259halisi t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n hiss edilir. Banqlade\u015f kimi \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 milyonlarla insan d\u0259niz s\u0259viyy\u0259sind\u0259n be\u015f metrd\u0259n az olan sahil \u0259razil\u0259rind\u0259 ya\u015fay\u0131r ki, burada d\u0259niz s\u0259viyy\u0259sinin c\u00fczi y\u00fcks\u0259lm\u0259si bel\u0259 \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tli yerd\u0259yi\u015fm\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 s\u0259b\u0259b ola bil\u0259r. Eynil\u0259, Arktika icmalar\u0131 \u00f6z m\u00fchitl\u0259rind\u0259 \u0259n\u0259n\u0259vi h\u0259yat v\u0259 ya\u015fay\u0131\u015f t\u0259rzini t\u0259hdid ed\u0259n d\u0259yi\u015fiklikl\u0259r ya\u015fay\u0131rlar, \u00e7\u00fcnki \u0259riy\u0259n buz qapaqlar\u0131 v\u0259 \u0259b\u0259di buzlaqlar as\u0131l\u0131 olduqlar\u0131 land\u015faftlar\u0131 d\u0259yi\u015fdirir.<\/p>\n \u201c\u0130qlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyi \u0259dal\u0259t m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259sidir\u201d \u2013 m\u0259\u015fhur bir m\u0259qal\u0259nin s\u0259rl\u00f6vh\u0259sind\u0259 problemi \u0259n g\u00f6z\u0259l ifad\u0259 ed\u0259n c\u00fcml\u0259 yer almaqdad\u0131r.<\/p>\n B\u0259s, \u201ciqlim \u0259dal\u0259ti\u201d n\u0259dir v\u0259 n\u0259 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn vacibdir?<\/p>\n \u0130qlim \u0259dal\u0259ti iqlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyi il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 q\u0259rarlar\u0131n q\u0259bulu v\u0259 f\u0259aliyy\u0259tin \u0259sas\u0131na \u0259dal\u0259t v\u0259 insan h\u00fcquqlar\u0131n\u0131n qoyulmas\u0131 dem\u0259kdir. Konsepsiya iqlim b\u00f6hran\u0131 il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rin v\u0259 icmalar\u0131n da\u015f\u0131d\u0131qlar\u0131 qeyri-b\u0259rab\u0259r tarixi m\u0259suliyy\u0259t\u0259 istinad etm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn geni\u015f \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 istifad\u0259 edilmi\u015fdir. Bu, atmosfer\u0259 b\u00f6y\u00fck miqdarda istixana qazlar\u0131 buraxaraq varlanan \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rin, s\u0259nayel\u0259rin, biznesl\u0259rin v\u0259 insanlar\u0131n iqlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyind\u0259n t\u0259sirl\u0259n\u0259n \u0259n h\u0259ssas \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 v\u0259 icmalara k\u00f6m\u0259k etm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn m\u0259suliyy\u0259t da\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6st\u0259rir.<\/p>\n \u0130qlim \u0259dal\u0259tinin bir \u00e7ox t\u0259r\u0259fi var:<\/p>\n Struktur b\u0259rab\u0259rsizlikl\u0259r:<\/strong> H\u0259tta eyni \u00f6lk\u0259 daxilind\u0259 iqlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyinin t\u0259sirl\u0259ri irq, etnik m\u0259nsubiyy\u0259t, gender v\u0259 sosial-iqtisadi v\u0259ziyy\u0259t\u0259 \u0259saslanan struktur b\u0259rab\u0259rsizlikl\u0259r s\u0259b\u0259bind\u0259n qeyri-b\u0259rab\u0259r \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 hiss edil\u0259 bil\u0259r. Qad\u0131nlar iqlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyinin t\u0259sirl\u0259rind\u0259n daha ciddi \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 t\u0259sirl\u0259nirl\u0259r, \u00e7\u00fcnki onlar\u0131n uy\u011funla\u015fmaq v\u0259 k\u0259skin d\u0259yi\u015fiklikl\u0259rin \u00f6hd\u0259sind\u0259n g\u0259lm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn daha az resurs \u0259ld\u0259 etm\u0259k imkan\u0131 var. \u018flilliyi olan insanlar, x\u00fcsusil\u0259 inki\u015faf etm\u0259kd\u0259 olan \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 sa\u011flaml\u0131qlar\u0131na, \u0259rzaq t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259sizliyin\u0259, su enerjisin\u0259 \u00e7\u0131x\u0131\u015fa, kanalizasiyaya v\u0259 ya\u015fay\u0131\u015f vasit\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 t\u0259hdidl\u0259r d\u0259 daxil olmaqla, iqlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyinin m\u0259nfi t\u0259sirl\u0259ri il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 artan risk alt\u0131ndad\u0131rlar. D\u00fcnyan\u0131n biom\u00fcxt\u0259lifliyinin 80 faizini qoruyan yerli xalqlar h\u0259yatlar\u0131, ya\u015fay\u0131\u015f vasit\u0259l\u0259ri v\u0259 \u0259n\u0259n\u0259vi bilikl\u0259ri \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn artan t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259 v\u0259 riskl\u0259rl\u0259 \u00fczl\u0259\u015firl\u0259r.<\/p>\n Sosial-iqtisadi b\u0259rab\u0259rsizlikl\u0259r:<\/strong> \u0130qlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyinin t\u0259sirl\u0259ri v\u0259 iqlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyinin t\u0259sirl\u0259rini h\u0259ll etm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn laz\u0131m olan resurslar d\u00fcnya \u00fczr\u0259 qeyri-b\u0259rab\u0259r paylan\u0131r. A\u015fa\u011f\u0131 g\u0259lirli \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259r v\u0259 bu \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259ki h\u0259ssas \u0259hali iqlimin s\u0259b\u0259b oldu\u011fu itkil\u0259r\u0259 v\u0259 z\u0259r\u0259rl\u0259r\u0259 daha \u00e7ox h\u0259ssasd\u0131r. Qlobal miqyasda adamba\u015f\u0131na \u0259n y\u00fcks\u0259k tullant\u0131lara malik olan ev t\u0259s\u0259rr\u00fcfatlar\u0131n\u0131n 10 faizi qlobal m\u0259i\u015f\u0259t istixana qaz\u0131 emissiyalar\u0131n\u0131n 34-45 faizini, \u0259n a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 50 faizi is\u0259 13-15 faizini t\u0259\u015fkil edir.<\/p>\n N\u0259sill\u0259raras\u0131 b\u0259rab\u0259rsizlik: <\/strong>Bu g\u00fcn u\u015faqlar v\u0259 g\u0259ncl\u0259r iqlim b\u00f6hran\u0131na \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tli d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259d\u0259 t\u00f6hf\u0259 vermirl\u0259r, lakin onlar h\u0259yat ir\u0259lil\u0259dikc\u0259 iqlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyinin t\u0259sirl\u0259rinin b\u00fct\u00fcn g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc da\u015f\u0131yacaqlar. Onlar\u0131n insan kimi h\u00fcquqlar\u0131 \u0259vv\u0259lki n\u0259sill\u0259rin q\u0259rarlar\u0131 il\u0259 t\u0259hdid edildiyi \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn onlar\u0131n h\u00fcquqlar\u0131 b\u00fct\u00fcn iqlim q\u0259rarlar\u0131n\u0131n q\u0259bulu v\u0259 f\u0259aliyy\u0259tind\u0259 m\u0259rk\u0259zl\u0259\u015fm\u0259lidir [6].<\/p>\n Yaxud daha daxili \u0259razil\u0259rd\u0259 hava \u015f\u0259raitinin d\u0259yi\u015fm\u0259si k\u0259nd t\u0259s\u0259rr\u00fcfat\u0131na, \u0259rzaq t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259sizliyin\u0259 v\u0259 ya\u015fay\u0131\u015f vasit\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 t\u0259sir g\u00f6st\u0259rir. Onsuz da iqtisadi b\u0259rab\u0259rsizlikl\u0259rl\u0259 \u00fczl\u0259\u015f\u0259n bir region olan Sub-Sahara Afrikas\u0131nda bitkil\u0259ri m\u0259hv ed\u0259n, \u0259rzaq q\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131na v\u0259 qiym\u0259tl\u0259rin y\u00fcks\u0259lm\u0259sin\u0259 s\u0259b\u0259b ola bil\u0259c\u0259k quraql\u0131q v\u0259 da\u015fq\u0131nlar n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 probleml\u0259rin daha da artd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcr\u00fck. Bu d\u0259yi\u015fiklikl\u0259r t\u0259kc\u0259 qidalanmaq h\u00fcququnu t\u0259hdid etmir, h\u0259m d\u0259 daha geni\u015f sosial m\u0259n\u015f\u0259li qeyri-sabitliyi g\u00fccl\u0259ndirir. \u00dcst\u0259lik, iqlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyi m\u00f6vcud sosial v\u0259 iqtisadi b\u0259rab\u0259rsizlikl\u0259ri g\u00fccl\u0259ndir\u0259n v\u0259 t\u0259crid olunmu\u015f qruplara \u0259lav\u0259 t\u0259zyiql\u0259r yaradan t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259 multiplikatoru kimi \u00e7\u0131x\u0131\u015f edir. Bir \u00e7ox qruplarda qida, su v\u0259 yanacaq toplamaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u00e7ox vaxt \u0259sas m\u0259suliyy\u0259t da\u015f\u0131yan qad\u0131nlar resurslar azald\u0131qca daha b\u00f6y\u00fck \u00e7\u0259tinlikl\u0259rl\u0259 \u00fczl\u0259\u015firl\u0259r. D\u00fcnyan\u0131n bir \u00e7ox yerl\u0259rind\u0259 su m\u0259nb\u0259l\u0259ri quruduqca qad\u0131nlar v\u0259 q\u0131zlar su toplamaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn daha uzun m\u0259saf\u0259l\u0259ri piyada getm\u0259li olurlar ki, bu da onlara qar\u015f\u0131 zorak\u0131l\u0131q riskinin artmas\u0131na g\u0259tirib \u00e7\u0131xar\u0131r, t\u0259hsil v\u0259 ya iqtisadi f\u0259aliyy\u0259t \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn vaxtlar\u0131n\u0131 azald\u0131r [26].<\/p>\n \u0130qlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyi il\u0259 insan h\u00fcquqlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda \u0259laq\u0259 sa\u011flaml\u0131q sah\u0259sind\u0259 d\u0259 \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6st\u0259rir. Artan temperatur v\u0259 d\u0259yi\u015f\u0259n iqlim n\u00fcmun\u0259l\u0259ri iqlim \u015f\u0259raitin\u0259 \u00e7ox h\u0259ssas olan malyariya kimi yoluxucu x\u0259st\u0259likl\u0259rin \u0259hat\u0259 dair\u0259sini geni\u015fl\u0259ndirir [22].<\/p>\n Bu \u00e7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131\u015flara cavab olaraq beyn\u0259lxalq qurumlar v\u0259 insan haqlar\u0131 t\u0259\u015fkilatlar\u0131 iqlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyini t\u0259cili insan h\u00fcquqlar\u0131 problemi kimi q\u0259l\u0259m\u0259 verm\u0259y\u0259 ba\u015flay\u0131blar. BMT-nin \u0130nsan H\u00fcquqlar\u0131 \u015euras\u0131 iqlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyinin insan h\u00fcquqlar\u0131na t\u0259sirini tan\u0131yan q\u0259tnam\u0259l\u0259r q\u0259bul edib. Bundan \u0259lav\u0259, iddia\u00e7\u0131lar h\u00f6kum\u0259tl\u0259rin v\u0259 korporasiyalar\u0131n iqlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyin\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 daha aqressiv add\u0131mlar atmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn insan h\u00fcquqlar\u0131 qanununlar\u0131na \u0259sas\u0259n \u00f6hd\u0259likl\u0259ri oldu\u011funu iddia etm\u0259kl\u0259, getdikc\u0259 daha \u00e7ox h\u00fcquqi t\u0259dbirl\u0259r h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irirl\u0259r. AB\u015e-da g\u0259ncl\u0259rin r\u0259hb\u0259rlik etdiyi Our Children’s Trust t\u0259\u015fkilat\u0131 v\u0259 Niderlanddak\u0131 Urgenda m\u0131\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259 prosesi bu artan tendensiyan\u0131 vur\u011fulay\u0131r [28].<\/p>\n Eyni zamanda f\u0259all\u0131q v\u0259 k\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc v\u0259killik bu sah\u0259d\u0259 m\u00fch\u00fcm rol oynay\u0131r. Greta Thunberg kimi xadiml\u0259rin v\u0259 \u201cG\u0259l\u0259c\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn C\u00fcm\u0259 g\u00fcnl\u0259ri\u201d kimi t\u0259\u015fkilatlar\u0131n r\u0259hb\u0259rlik etdiyi h\u0259r\u0259katlar ictimai d\u0259st\u0259yi g\u00fccl\u0259ndirir v\u0259 iqliml\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 t\u0259dbirl\u0259rin aktuall\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131r\u0131r. Bu s\u0259yl\u0259r iqlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyini t\u0259kc\u0259 ekoloji problem kimi deyil, h\u0259m d\u0259 d\u0259rin insan h\u00fcquqlar\u0131 b\u00f6hran\u0131 kimi h\u0259ll etm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn m\u0259n\u0259vi vacibliyi \u00f6n plana \u00e7\u0131xar\u0131r [27].<\/p>\n Statistika<\/strong>: BMT-nin m\u0259lumat\u0131na g\u00f6r\u0259, 2030-cu il\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r iqlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyi s\u0259b\u0259bind\u0259n 120 milyondan \u00e7ox insan\u0131n yoxsullu\u011fa d\u00fc\u00e7ar olmas\u0131 ehtimal edilir ki, bu da qlobal miqyasda insan h\u00fcquqlar\u0131na ciddi t\u0259sir g\u00f6st\u0259rir [25].<\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u0130qlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyi ekoloji elmd\u0259 k\u00f6k salsa da, \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259r aras\u0131nda par\u00e7alanmalar\u0131 vur\u011fulayan m\u00fcr\u0259kk\u0259b siyasi problem\u0259 \u00e7evrilib. \u0130qlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyinin siyasi m\u0259nz\u0259r\u0259si siyas\u0259t yana\u015fmalar\u0131, iqtisadi t\u0259sirl\u0259r v\u0259 beyn\u0259lxalq m\u0259suliyy\u0259t m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259sin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 ziddiyy\u0259tl\u0259rl\u0259 doludur. Bu, qlobal h\u0259ll yollar\u0131 axtar\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 m\u00fcst\u0259sna d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259d\u0259 \u00e7\u0259tinl\u0259\u015fdirir. \u0130qlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyi qlobal miqyasda c\u0259miyy\u0259tl\u0259rin m\u0259n\u0259vi qurulu\u015funa meydan oxuyur, temperaturun y\u00fcks\u0259lm\u0259si ekoloji deqradasiyadan k\u0259nara \u00e7\u0131xan m\u00fcr\u0259kk\u0259b n\u0259tic\u0259l\u0259r yarad\u0131r, d\u0259rin psixoloji s\u0131x\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 v\u0259 qlobal istil\u0259\u015fm\u0259nin etik \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u0259rini vur\u011fulayan b\u0259rab\u0259rsizlikl\u0259ri ortaya qoyur.<\/p>\n \u0130qlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyi ilk n\u00f6vb\u0259d\u0259 \u0259dal\u0259tin m\u00fcxt\u0259lif \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u0259rin\u0259 \u0259saslan\u0131r. O, h\u0259m\u00e7inin gender \u0259dal\u0259tini d\u0259 \u0259hat\u0259 edir, \u00e7\u00fcnki qad\u0131nlar v\u0259 dig\u0259r h\u0259ssas f\u0259rdl\u0259r t\u0259bii f\u0259lak\u0259tl\u0259rin m\u00f6vcud b\u0259rab\u0259rsizlikl\u0259ri daha da g\u00fccl\u0259ndirdiyin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 \u0259n \u00e7ox m\u0259nfi t\u0259sir\u0259 m\u0259ruz qalanlar s\u0131ras\u0131ndad\u0131r [11]. Bundan \u0259lav\u0259, bu m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259 indiki v\u0259 g\u0259l\u0259c\u0259k n\u0259sill\u0259rin \u00f6z atalar\u0131n\u0131n h\u0259ddi a\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n n\u0259tic\u0259l\u0259ri il\u0259 nec\u0259 m\u00fcbariz\u0259 apard\u0131qlar\u0131n\u0131 n\u0259z\u0259r\u0259 alaraq n\u0259sill\u0259raras\u0131 \u0259dal\u0259tl\u0259 birl\u0259\u015fir [10].<\/p>\n Kimin h\u0259l\u0259 d\u0259 \u0259traf m\u00fchiti \u00e7irkl\u0259ndirm\u0259k h\u00fcququna malik olmas\u0131 v\u0259 kimin bit\u0259r\u0259f olmas\u0131 \u0259traf\u0131nda m\u00fcbahis\u0259l\u0259r emissiyalar\u0131n azald\u0131lmas\u0131 il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 m\u00fczakir\u0259l\u0259rin \u0259sas\u0131n\u0131 t\u0259\u015fkil edir ki, bu da tez-tez d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259r aras\u0131nda geosiyasi v\u0259 iqtisadi etibars\u0131zl\u0131qlara, b\u0259z\u0259n qar\u015f\u0131durmalara s\u0259b\u0259b olur. \u00dcst\u0259lik, iqlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyi m\u00fcxt\u0259lif d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259r, v\u0259t\u0259nda\u015f c\u0259miyy\u0259ti t\u0259\u015fkilatlar\u0131 v\u0259 biznesl\u0259r kimi qeyri-d\u00f6vl\u0259t subyektl\u0259ri aras\u0131nda r\u0259qab\u0259t aparan maraqlar \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn d\u00f6y\u00fc\u015f meydan\u0131 kimi ortaya \u00e7\u0131x\u0131r. Efiopiya v\u0259 Misir aras\u0131nda Nil \u00e7ay\u0131n\u0131n su resurslar\u0131 \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 ba\u015f ver\u0259n qar\u015f\u0131durmalar, yaxud M\u0259rk\u0259zi Asiyada, \u0130ran-\u018ffqan\u0131stan s\u0259rh\u0259dind\u0259 ya\u015fananlar bunun \u0259n bariz s\u00fcbutudur.<\/p>\n BMT-nin illik iqlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyi konfranslar\u0131 (COP) m\u00fcnt\u0259z\u0259m olaraq r\u0259qab\u0259t v\u0259 m\u00fcbahis\u0259l\u0259ri ortaya \u00e7\u0131xar\u0131r, \u00e7\u00fcnki qlobal istil\u0259\u015fm\u0259y\u0259 \u0259n \u00e7ox cavabdeh olanlar \u00e7ox vaxt \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tli t\u0259dbirl\u0259r g\u00f6rm\u0259kd\u0259n \u00e7\u0259kinirl\u0259r, bel\u0259 q\u0259rarlar\u0131 \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck t\u0259\u015fkil ed\u0259n m\u0259nf\u0259\u0259t\u0259 \u0259saslanan iqtisadi m\u0259ntiql\u0259rl\u0259 m\u00fcqayis\u0259 edirl\u0259r. Siyasi liderl\u0259r \u00e7ox vaxt \u0259traf m\u00fchitin m\u00fchafiz\u0259si hesab\u0131na \u201ciqtisadi m\u0259nada\u201d \u00fcst\u00fcn olma\u011f\u0131 \u0259sas tuturlar, halbuki biznesin korporativ m\u0259suliyy\u0259ti ya\u015f\u0131lla\u015fd\u0131rma il\u0259 m\u0259\u015f\u011ful olma\u011fa biba\u015fa \u00f6hd\u0259lik yarad\u0131r [4].<\/p>\n \u0130qlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyi h\u0259m d\u0259 d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259r \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn ekzistensial t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259sizlik probleml\u0259ri yarad\u0131r. O, x\u00fcsusil\u0259 k\u00f6vr\u0259k siyasi sisteml\u0259rd\u0259 m\u00f6vcud siyasi x\u0259talar\u0131 g\u00fccl\u0259ndir\u0259 bil\u0259n resurs q\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131na s\u0259b\u0259b olmaqla t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259ni \u00e7oxaldan rol oynay\u0131r. B\u0259zi t\u0259dqiqatlar g\u00f6st\u0259rir ki, 2011-ci ild\u0259 ba\u015flayan Suriya v\u0259t\u0259nda\u015f m\u00fcharib\u0259si dolay\u0131sil\u0259 qida t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259sizliyi v\u0259 quraql\u0131\u011f\u0131n s\u0259b\u0259b oldu\u011fu z\u0259if m\u0259hsuldarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n yaratd\u0131\u011f\u0131 daxili miqrasiyan\u0131n n\u0259tic\u0259si idi [5]. Qlobal miqyasda istil\u0259\u015fm\u0259 k\u0259nd t\u0259s\u0259rr\u00fcfat\u0131 m\u0259hsuldarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 azald\u0131r, su q\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131r\u0131r v\u0259 \u0259halini m\u00fcxt\u0259lif sa\u011flaml\u0131q riskl\u0259rin\u0259 m\u0259ruz qoyur. O, h\u0259m\u00e7inin h\u0259rbi bazalar v\u0259 kommunikasiya x\u0259tl\u0259ri kimi kritik t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259sizlik infrastrukturunu t\u0259hdid edir. D\u00fcnyan\u0131n \u0259n h\u0259rbil\u0259\u015fdirilmi\u015f s\u0259rh\u0259dl\u0259rind\u0259n biri olan \u00c7in v\u0259 Hindistan\u0131n payla\u015fd\u0131\u011f\u0131 Himalay kimi b\u00f6lg\u0259l\u0259r buzlaqlar\u0131n \u0259rim\u0259si kimi iqlim t\u0259sirl\u0259rin\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 x\u00fcsusil\u0259 h\u0259ssasd\u0131r.<\/p>\n D\u0259niz s\u0259viyy\u0259sinin y\u00fcks\u0259lm\u0259si d\u0259niz t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259sizliyini pozur, potensial olaraq a\u00e7\u0131q d\u0259nizl\u0259rd\u0259 cinay\u0259t v\u0259 pirat\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n artmas\u0131na, h\u0259m\u00e7inin miqrasiya v\u0259 yoxsullu\u011fa s\u0259b\u0259b olur. \u0130qlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyi enerji t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259sizliyi il\u0259 s\u0131x ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r, \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259ri inki\u015faf v\u0259 ya\u015famaq ehtiyaclar\u0131n\u0131 itirm\u0259d\u0259n daha t\u0259miz enerji m\u0259nb\u0259l\u0259ri axtarma\u011fa m\u0259cbur edir. Yeri g\u0259lmi\u015fk\u0259n, Y\u0259m\u0259n piratlar\u0131n\u0131n son aylardak\u0131 f\u0259all\u0131\u011f\u0131 m\u0259hz bu prosesl\u0259rin n\u0259tic\u0259si kimi meydana \u00e7\u0131xm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r.<\/p>\n \u0130qlim b\u00f6hran\u0131n\u0131n h\u0259lli insanlar\u0131n t\u0259bi\u0259tl\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ql\u0131 \u0259laq\u0259sinin, x\u00fcsus\u0259n d\u0259 resurslar, istehsal v\u0259 istehlak n\u00fcmun\u0259l\u0259ri bax\u0131m\u0131ndan \u0259sasl\u0131 \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 yenid\u0259n qiym\u0259tl\u0259ndirilm\u0259sini t\u0259l\u0259b edir. Bu, daha t\u0259miz, daha dayan\u0131ql\u0131 iqtisadi modell\u0259ri t\u0259l\u0259b edir ki, bu da resurs v\u0259 enerji s\u0259m\u0259r\u0259liliyini t\u0259\u015fviq etm\u0259kl\u0259 v\u0259 i\u015f yerl\u0259ri yaratmaqla iqtisadi m\u0259na k\u0259sb edir. Amma cari kapitalist modelini karbon neytrall\u0131\u011f\u0131na y\u00f6n\u0259lmi\u015f strategiyalar\u0131n xeyrin\u0259 d\u0259yi\u015fdirm\u0259k s\u0259yl\u0259ri, m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, s\u00fcr\u0259tli karbonsuzla\u015fma v\u0259 ya azalma kimi status-kvodan faydalanan siyasi v\u0259 iqtisadi q\u00fcvv\u0259l\u0259rin m\u00fcqavim\u0259ti il\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131r [24].<\/p>\n AB\u015e-\u0131n ke\u00e7mi\u015f prezidenti Donald Tramp\u0131n 2017-ci ild\u0259 v\u0259zif\u0259y\u0259 g\u0259ldikd\u0259n q\u0131sa m\u00fcdd\u0259t sonra \u201cmilli iqtisadi maraqlar\u0131 t\u0259\u015fviq etm\u0259k\u201d \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn Paris Sazi\u015find\u0259n \u00e7\u0131xmas\u0131 iqlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyinin t\u0259sirl\u0259rinin h\u0259llind\u0259 siyasi v\u0259 iqtisadi probleml\u0259ri qabartma\u011fa ba\u015flad\u0131. Siyasi ideologiyalardak\u0131 fikir ayr\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 iqlim siyas\u0259tini \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tli d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259d\u0259 formala\u015fd\u0131r\u0131r. D\u00fcnyan\u0131n bir \u00e7ox yerl\u0259rind\u0259 m\u00fchafiz\u0259kar qruplar \u00e7ox vaxt insan\u0131n iqlim\u0259 t\u0259sirinin miqyas\u0131na \u015f\u00fcbh\u0259 il\u0259 yana\u015f\u0131r, s\u0259rt ekoloji qaydalara qar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131xmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn iqtisadi x\u0259rcl\u0259r v\u0259 potensial i\u015f yerl\u0259rinin itirilm\u0259sini \u0259sas g\u0259tirir. Dig\u0259r t\u0259r\u0259fd\u0259n, daha m\u00fct\u0259r\u0259qqi t\u0259r\u0259fl\u0259r, ad\u0259t\u0259n, davaml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n uzunm\u00fcdd\u0259tli faydalar\u0131n\u0131 v\u0259 planeti qorumaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn m\u0259n\u0259vi borcunu vur\u011fulayaraq, aqressiv iqlim f\u0259aliyy\u0259tini m\u00fcdafi\u0259 edirl\u0259r. Bu ideoloji b\u00f6l\u00fcnm\u0259l\u0259r t\u0259kc\u0259 milli siyas\u0259tl\u0259ri dayand\u0131rm\u0131r, h\u0259m d\u0259 beyn\u0259lxalq iqlim dan\u0131\u015f\u0131qlar\u0131na t\u0259sir g\u00f6st\u0259rir.<\/p>\n Eyni zamanda iqlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyi siyas\u0259tin\u0259 neft, qaz v\u0259 k\u00f6m\u00fcr kimi g\u00fccl\u00fc s\u0259nayel\u0259rd\u0259n g\u0259l\u0259n lobbi\u00e7ilik \u00e7ox t\u0259sir edir. Bu s\u0259nayel\u0259d\u0259 f\u0259aliyy\u0259t g\u00f6st\u0259r\u0259n iri maqnatlar siyasi liderl\u0259r\u0259 t\u0259sir etm\u0259k v\u0259 onlar\u0131n maraqlar\u0131n\u0131 qorumaq m\u0259qs\u0259dil\u0259 ictimai r\u0259yi formala\u015fd\u0131rmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tli resurslar yat\u0131r\u0131r. M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, AB\u015e-da qal\u0131q yanacaq lobbi\u00e7iliyi t\u0259nziml\u0259yicil\u0259rin geri qaytar\u0131lmas\u0131 v\u0259 beyn\u0259lxalq iqlim \u00f6hd\u0259likl\u0259rind\u0259n geri\u00e7\u0259kilm\u0259 il\u0259 \u0259laq\u0259l\u0259ndirilir. Bu iqtisadi n\u0259h\u0259ngl\u0259rin t\u0259siri siyasi m\u0259nz\u0259r\u0259y\u0259 daha bir m\u00fcr\u0259kk\u0259blik qat\u0131r v\u0259 \u00e7ox vaxt uzunm\u00fcdd\u0259tli davaml\u0131l\u0131q \u0259v\u0259zin\u0259 q\u0131sam\u00fcdd\u0259tli iqtisadi qazanclara \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck ver\u0259n siyas\u0259tl\u0259r\u0259 g\u0259tirib \u00e7\u0131xar\u0131r.<\/p>\n Bu c\u00fcr siyasi \u00e7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131\u015flara cavab olaraq iqlim idar\u0259\u00e7iliyinin yeni formalar\u0131 yaran\u0131r. Bura \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259ri, b\u00f6lg\u0259l\u0259ri v\u0259 milli h\u00f6kum\u0259tl\u0259rd\u0259n as\u0131l\u0131 olmayaraq iqlim m\u0259qs\u0259dl\u0259rin\u0259 nail olmaq \u00f6hd\u0259liyi da\u015f\u0131yan \u015firk\u0259tl\u0259ri birl\u0259\u015fdir\u0259n transmilli \u015f\u0259b\u0259k\u0259l\u0259r daxildir. Bu c\u00fcr \u015f\u0259b\u0259k\u0259l\u0259r milli siyasi mane\u0259l\u0259ri ke\u00e7\u0259, emissiyalar\u0131n azald\u0131lmas\u0131 v\u0259 davaml\u0131l\u0131\u011fa innovativ yana\u015fmalar n\u00fcmayi\u015f etdir\u0259 bilir. \u0130qlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyinin siyasi m\u0259nz\u0259r\u0259si inki\u015faf etm\u0259y\u0259 davam etdikc\u0259, siyasi irad\u0259, ictimai r\u0259y v\u0259 beyn\u0259lxalq \u0259m\u0259kda\u015fl\u0131q aras\u0131ndak\u0131 qar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ql\u0131 \u0259laq\u0259 qlobal reaksiyan\u0131n m\u0259rk\u0259zi olaraq qal\u0131r. \u0130qlim siyas\u0259tinin m\u00fcr\u0259kk\u0259bliyi t\u0259kc\u0259 elmi anlay\u0131\u015f deyil, h\u0259m d\u0259 diplomatik bacar\u0131q, qlobal b\u0259rab\u0259rlik v\u0259 \u0259dal\u0259t\u0259 d\u0259rin ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131q t\u0259l\u0259b edir.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u0130qlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyi qlobal miqyasda c\u0259miyy\u0259tl\u0259rin m\u0259n\u0259vi strukturuna meydan oxuyur, \u0259dal\u0259t, m\u0259suliyy\u0259t v\u0259 g\u0259l\u0259c\u0259k n\u0259sill\u0259r\u0259 buraxmaq ist\u0259diyimiz mirasla ba\u011fl\u0131 narahatl\u0131q s\u0259viyy\u0259si etik suallarla \u00fczl\u0259\u015fm\u0259y\u0259 m\u0259cbur edir. Temperaturun y\u00fcks\u0259lm\u0259si il\u0259 yaranan m\u00fcr\u0259kk\u0259b n\u0259tic\u0259l\u0259r t\u0259kc\u0259 \u0259traf m\u00fchitin deqradasiyas\u0131 deyil, h\u0259m d\u0259 qlobal istil\u0259\u015fm\u0259nin etik \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u0259rini ortaya qoyan d\u0259rin ruhi iztirablar\u0131 v\u0259 \u0259dal\u0259tsizliyi \u0259hat\u0259 edir.<\/p>\n \u0130qlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyinin etik n\u0259tic\u0259l\u0259ri \u00e7ox b\u00f6y\u00fckd\u00fcr, xalqlar\u0131n qar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ql\u0131 \u0259laq\u0259sin\u0259, s\u0259nayel\u0259rin nec\u0259 f\u0259aliyy\u0259t g\u00f6st\u0259rm\u0259sin\u0259 v\u0259 insanlar\u0131n g\u00fcnd\u0259lik h\u0259yatlar\u0131n\u0131 nec\u0259 ya\u015fad\u0131qlar\u0131na t\u0259sir g\u00f6st\u0259rir. Bu t\u0259sirl\u0259rin m\u0259rk\u0259zind\u0259 iqlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyin\u0259 \u0259n \u00e7ox t\u00f6hf\u0259 ver\u0259nl\u0259rl\u0259 onun n\u0259tic\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259n \u0259n \u00e7ox \u0259ziyy\u0259t \u00e7\u0259k\u0259nl\u0259r aras\u0131ndak\u0131 f\u0259rq durur. Qal\u0131q yanacaqla idar\u0259 olunan t\u0259r\u0259qqinin b\u0259hr\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259n faydalanan s\u0259nayel\u0259\u015fmi\u015f \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259r atmosferd\u0259 istixana qazlar\u0131n\u0131n y\u0131\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131na qeyri-m\u00fct\u0259nasib \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 t\u00f6hf\u0259 veribl\u0259r. Bu arada qlobal tullant\u0131lara minimal t\u00f6hf\u0259 ver\u0259n bir \u00e7ox inki\u015faf etm\u0259kd\u0259 olan d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259r iqlim t\u0259sirl\u0259ri il\u0259 \u00fczl\u0259\u015firl\u0259r – quraql\u0131q v\u0259 \u00f6l\u00fcmc\u00fcl isti dal\u011falar\u0131ndan tutmu\u015f f\u0259lak\u0259tli da\u015fq\u0131nlar v\u0259 qas\u0131r\u011falara q\u0259d\u0259r bir hadis\u0259 ill\u0259rin t\u0259r\u0259qqisini bir anda silir. Bu f\u0259rq \u0259dal\u0259tl\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 \u0259sas etik suallar do\u011furur. \u018fdal\u0259tli b\u00f6l\u00fc\u015fd\u00fcr\u00fclm\u0259 prinsipi iqtisadi f\u0259aliyy\u0259tl\u0259rin, o c\u00fcml\u0259d\u0259n iqlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyin\u0259 t\u00f6hf\u0259nin v\u0259 faydalar\u0131n \u0259dal\u0259tli \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 b\u00f6l\u00fc\u015fd\u00fcr\u00fclm\u0259sini t\u0259l\u0259b edir. Bununla bel\u0259, haz\u0131rk\u0131 qlobal ssenari bu prinsipin k\u0259skin \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 pozulmas\u0131n\u0131 \u0259ks etdirir, \u0259n az m\u0259suliyy\u0259t da\u015f\u0131yanlar a\u011f\u0131r \u00e7\u0259tinlikl\u0259rl\u0259 \u00fczl\u0259\u015firl\u0259r, \u0259n m\u0259sul olanlar is\u0259 h\u0259mi\u015f\u0259ki kimi i\u015fini davam etdirirl\u0259r.<\/p>\n \u018fdal\u0259t m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259sini m\u00fcr\u0259kk\u0259bl\u0259\u015fdir\u0259n, g\u0259l\u0259c\u0259k n\u0259sill\u0259rin h\u00fcquqlar\u0131 il\u0259 m\u0259\u015f\u011ful olan n\u0259sill\u0259raras\u0131 \u0259dal\u0259t anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131d\u0131r. Karbon emissiyalar\u0131 il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 bu g\u00fcn q\u0259bul edilmi\u015f v\u0259 ya verilm\u0259mi\u015f q\u0259rarlar, onillikl\u0259r v\u0259 \u0259srl\u0259r boyu insanlar\u0131n h\u0259yat\u0131na uzunm\u00fcdd\u0259tli t\u0259sirl\u0259r\u0259 malik olacaqd\u0131r. Bu, g\u0259l\u0259c\u0259k n\u0259sill\u0259r\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 hans\u0131 v\u0259zif\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 borclu oldu\u011fumuz bar\u0259d\u0259 etik sual do\u011furur. T\u0259dqiqat\u00e7\u0131lar iddia edirl\u0259r ki, biz canl\u0131lar\u0131n h\u00fcquqlar\u0131n\u0131 v\u0259 rifah\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcy\u00fcm\u00fcz kimi, indi formala\u015fd\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z iqlimi miras alacaq h\u0259l\u0259 do\u011fulmam\u0131\u015flar\u0131n h\u00fcquqlar\u0131n\u0131 v\u0259 rifah\u0131n\u0131 da n\u0259z\u0259r\u0259 almal\u0131y\u0131q [16].<\/p>\n \u0130qlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyinin dig\u0259r etik \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fc inki\u015faf h\u00fcququdur. \u0130nki\u015faf etm\u0259kd\u0259 olan \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259r ke\u00e7mi\u015fd\u0259 inki\u015faf etmi\u015f \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259r kimi iqtisadi art\u0131m v\u0259 inki\u015faf h\u00fcququna malik olduqlar\u0131n\u0131 iddia edirl\u0259r. Bununla bel\u0259, \u0259g\u0259r bu c\u00fcr inki\u015faf eyni qal\u0131q yanacaqdan istifad\u0259 etm\u0259k yolunu t\u0259l\u0259b edirs\u0259, bu, qlobal istil\u0259\u015fm\u0259ni daha da g\u00fccl\u0259ndir\u0259c\u0259k. Bel\u0259likl\u0259, etik problem bu \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rin iqlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyin\u0259 daha \u00e7ox t\u00f6hf\u0259 verm\u0259d\u0259n iqtisadi c\u0259h\u0259td\u0259n b\u00f6y\u00fcm\u0259sin\u0259 imkan ver\u0259n davaml\u0131 inki\u015faf\u0131 d\u0259st\u0259kl\u0259m\u0259kd\u0259n ibar\u0259t olur [21]. Bu m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259 dol\u011fun h\u0259yat s\u00fcrm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn imkanlar\u0131n t\u0259min edilm\u0259sini vur\u011fulayan etik n\u0259z\u0259riyy\u0259l\u0259rl\u0259 d\u0259rind\u0259n \u0259laq\u0259l\u0259ndirilir [19].<\/p>\n Uy\u011funla\u015fma \u0259traf\u0131nda diskurs da rol oynay\u0131r. Bu f\u0259aliyy\u0259tl\u0259ri kimin maliyy\u0259l\u0259\u015fdirm\u0259si, resurslar\u0131n nec\u0259 b\u00f6l\u00fc\u015fd\u00fcr\u00fclm\u0259si v\u0259 bu prosesl\u0259r\u0259 kimin n\u0259zar\u0259t etm\u0259si il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 q\u0259rarlar d\u0259rin etik m\u00fcbahis\u0259l\u0259r s\u0131ras\u0131nda dayan\u0131r. M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, d\u0259niz sahilind\u0259 divarlar\u0131n tikintisi v\u0259 ya \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259rin ekstremal hava \u015f\u0259raitin\u0259 tab g\u0259tirm\u0259si \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn yenid\u0259n dizayn edilm\u0259si kimi uy\u011funla\u015fma layih\u0259l\u0259ri kimin evl\u0259rinin v\u0259 icmalar\u0131n\u0131n ilk n\u00f6vb\u0259d\u0259 v\u0259 n\u0259 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn qorundu\u011fu n\u0259z\u0259r\u0259 al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r. Eynil\u0259, geom\u00fch\u0259ndislik kimi texnologiyalar vasit\u0259sil\u0259 iqlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyini azaltmaq s\u0259yl\u0259ri potensial g\u00f6zl\u0259nilm\u0259z n\u0259tic\u0259l\u0259r v\u0259 bu c\u00fcr m\u00fcdaxil\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 n\u0259zar\u0259t etm\u0259li olan idar\u0259etm\u0259 strukturlar\u0131 il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tli etik narahatl\u0131qlar do\u011furur [23].<\/p>\n \u00dcst\u0259lik, iqlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyinin etik problemi t\u0259kc\u0259 insanlar\u0131n qar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ql\u0131 \u0259laq\u0259si il\u0259 m\u0259hdudla\u015fm\u0131r. Bu, bizim h\u0259yat\u0131m\u0131za m\u00fcnasib\u0259timizi \u0259hat\u0259 edir. Haz\u0131rda b\u0259zi n\u00f6vl\u0259rin k\u00fctl\u0259vi m\u0259hvi insanlar\u0131n yaratd\u0131\u011f\u0131 iqlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyinin v\u0259 ya\u015fay\u0131\u015f m\u00fchitinin birba\u015fa n\u0259tic\u0259sidir. Qeyri-insan h\u0259yat\u0131na m\u0259n\u0259vi \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259t ver\u0259n etik n\u0259z\u0259riyy\u0259l\u0259r, n\u00f6vl\u0259rin insanlar \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn faydal\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan as\u0131l\u0131 olmayaraq daxili d\u0259y\u0259r\u0259 malik oldu\u011funu iddia edirl\u0259r. Bel\u0259likl\u0259, iqlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyi bizi t\u0259bii d\u00fcnyan\u0131 t\u0259kc\u0259 \u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcz \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn deyil, h\u0259m d\u0259 b\u00fct\u00f6vl\u00fckd\u0259 qorumaq \u00f6hd\u0259likl\u0259rimizl\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 etik m\u00fclahiz\u0259l\u0259rl\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131-qar\u015f\u0131ya qoyur.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n D\u00fcnya iqlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyinin artan t\u0259sirl\u0259ri il\u0259 m\u00fcbariz\u0259 aparark\u0259n, iqlim f\u0259aliyy\u0259tind\u0259 \u0259dal\u0259t anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u00f6n plana \u00e7\u0131x\u0131r. D\u00f6vr\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fcn \u0259n b\u00f6y\u00fck problemi olan m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259nin \u0259dal\u0259tl\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 \u00e7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131\u015flar oldu\u011fu bilin\u0259n h\u0259qiq\u0259tdir.<\/p>\n \u0130qlim f\u0259aliyy\u0259tind\u0259 \u0259dal\u0259t bo\u015flu\u011fu iqlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyinin m\u00fcxt\u0259lif b\u00f6lg\u0259l\u0259r\u0259, icmalara v\u0259 f\u0259rdl\u0259r\u0259 nec\u0259 t\u0259sir etdiyi v\u0259 iqlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyi il\u0259 m\u00fcbariz\u0259 v\u0259 ya uy\u011funla\u015fma s\u0259yl\u0259rinin nec\u0259 h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irildiyi il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 yaranan f\u0259rql\u0259ri a\u015fkar g\u00f6st\u0259rir. Bu bo\u015flu\u011fun aradan qald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 t\u0259kc\u0259 \u0259dal\u0259t m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259si deyil, h\u0259m d\u0259 iqlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyin\u0259 qlobal reaksiyan\u0131n m\u00fch\u00fcm komponentidir. Yen\u0259 qeyd ed\u0259k ki, \u0259dal\u0259t bo\u015flu\u011funun m\u0259rk\u0259zind\u0259 inki\u015faf etmi\u015f v\u0259 inki\u015faf etm\u0259kd\u0259 olan \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rin qlobal istixana qaz\u0131 emissiyalar\u0131na verdiyi t\u00f6hf\u0259l\u0259r aras\u0131nda k\u0259skin ziddiyy\u0259t dayan\u0131r. Bu uy\u011funsuzlu\u011fun qlobal iqlim siyas\u0259tind\u0259 m\u0259suliyy\u0259t v\u0259 y\u00fck\u00fcn b\u00f6l\u00fc\u015fd\u00fcr\u00fclm\u0259si il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 d\u0259rin etik suallar do\u011furdu\u011funa art\u0131q diqq\u0259t \u00e7\u0259kmi\u015fik [8].<\/p>\n \u018fdal\u0259t bo\u015flu\u011fu iqlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyi il\u0259 m\u00fcbariz\u0259 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn resurslar\u0131n m\u00f6vcudlu\u011funda da \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6st\u0259rir. Daha varl\u0131 d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259r \u00fcmumiyy\u0259tl\u0259 b\u0259rpa olunan enerji v\u0259 karbon tutma kimi t\u0259sirl\u0259rin azald\u0131lmas\u0131 texnologiyalar\u0131na, da\u015fq\u0131ndan m\u00fcdafi\u0259 vasit\u0259l\u0259rinin qurulmas\u0131 v\u0259 \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259rin daha davaml\u0131 olmas\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn yenid\u0259n dizayn edilm\u0259si kimi uy\u011funla\u015fma strategiyalar\u0131na investisiya etm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn daha \u00e7ox v\u0259sait\u0259 malikdirl\u0259r. Bunun \u0259ksin\u0259 olaraq, onsuz da iqtisadi \u00e7\u0259tinlikl\u0259rl\u0259 \u00fczl\u0259\u015fmi\u015f yoxsul \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259r h\u0259tta \u0259sas uy\u011funla\u015fma t\u0259dbirl\u0259rini maliyy\u0259l\u0259\u015fdirm\u0259kd\u0259 \u00e7\u0259tinlik \u00e7\u0259kirl\u0259r. V\u0259ziyy\u0259t inki\u015faf etm\u0259kd\u0259 olan \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 iqliml\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 s\u0259yl\u0259rini d\u0259st\u0259kl\u0259m\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259 tutulan iqlim maliyy\u0259sinin \u00e7ox vaxt qeyri-kafi olmas\u0131 v\u0259 laz\u0131m oldu\u011fu q\u0259d\u0259r tez \u00f6d\u0259nilm\u0259m\u0259si il\u0259 daha da a\u011f\u0131rla\u015f\u0131r [9].<\/p>\n Bu b\u0259rab\u0259rsizlikl\u0259rin aradan qald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 h\u0259m tarixi m\u0259suliyy\u0259tin, h\u0259m d\u0259 m\u00f6vcud imkanlar\u0131n d\u0259qiq d\u0259rk edilm\u0259sini t\u0259l\u0259b edir. Beyn\u0259lxalq ekoloji sazi\u015fl\u0259rd\u0259n qaynaqlanan \u201c\u00fcmumi, lakin f\u0259rqli m\u0259suliyy\u0259tl\u0259r\u201d prinsipi etiraf edir ki, b\u00fct\u00fcn d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259r iqlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyi il\u0259 m\u00fcbariz\u0259 aparmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259t etm\u0259li olsalar da, ham\u0131 eyni m\u0259suliyy\u0259ti da\u015f\u0131m\u0131r v\u0259 ya eyni imkanlara malik deyil.<\/p>\n Bundan \u0259lav\u0259, \u0259dal\u0259t bo\u015flu\u011fu iqlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyinin m\u00fcxt\u0259lif demoqrafik qruplara t\u0259sirl\u0259rini \u0259hat\u0259 edir. \u018fks\u0259riyy\u0259ti iqlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyin\u0259 \u0259n az t\u00f6hf\u0259 ver\u0259n \u0259n yoxsul v\u0259 t\u0259crid olunmu\u015f icmalar onun \u0259n a\u011f\u0131r n\u0259tic\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 m\u0259ruz qal\u0131rlar. M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, Saharada ya\u015fayan fermerl\u0259r m\u0259hsul v\u0259 su \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131 problemi il\u0259, Arktikadak\u0131 yerli icmalar is\u0259 buzlar\u0131n \u0259rim\u0259si s\u0259b\u0259bind\u0259n \u0259n\u0259n\u0259vi ov sah\u0259l\u0259rinin itirilm\u0259si il\u0259 \u00fczl\u0259\u015fm\u0259li olurlar. \u00dcmumd\u00fcnya Resurslar \u0130nstitunun m\u0259lumat\u0131na g\u00f6r\u0259, 36 \u00f6lk\u0259 art\u0131q su stressi \u015f\u0259raitind\u0259 ya\u015fay\u0131r [3].<\/p>\n Bu bar\u0259d\u0259 \u00f6lk\u0259mizin v\u0259ziyy\u0259ti v\u0259 ali idar\u0259\u00e7iliyin \u00e7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131\u015flar\u0131 da diqq\u0259td\u0259n k\u0259narda qalmamal\u0131d\u0131r: Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n yer\u00fcst\u00fc su ehtiyatlar\u0131 30 milyard kubmetr h\u0259cmind\u0259dir, bu miqdar\u0131n 30%-i \u00f6lk\u0259 daxilind\u0259 formala\u015f\u0131r, qalan 70%-i is\u0259 qon\u015fu \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259n g\u0259lir. Son ill\u0259rd\u0259 m\u00fc\u015fahid\u0259 edil\u0259n iqlim d\u0259yi\u015fiklikl\u0259ri s\u0259b\u0259bind\u0259n \u00f6lk\u0259nin su ehtiyatlar\u0131nda k\u0259skin azalma qeyd\u0259 al\u0131n\u0131b; m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, 2022-ci ild\u0259 bu r\u0259q\u0259m c\u0259mi 17 milyard kubmetr\u0259 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcb. Az\u0259rbaycanla yana\u015f\u0131, T\u00fcrkiy\u0259, Erm\u0259nistan, G\u00fcrc\u00fcstan v\u0259 \u0130ran kimi qon\u015fu \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 d\u0259 atmosfer ya\u011f\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131nda ox\u015far azalmalar ba\u015f verir, bu da h\u0259m transs\u0259rh\u0259d, h\u0259m d\u0259 yerli miqyasda su ehtiyatlar\u0131n\u0131n azalmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7\u0131r. Quraql\u0131q ill\u0259rind\u0259 su ehtiyatlar\u0131n\u0131n azalmas\u0131, \u00e7aylar\u0131n yaz m\u00f6vs\u00fcm\u00fcnd\u0259 su ax\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n t\u00fck\u0259nm\u0259sin\u0259 v\u0259 bu ax\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n t\u0259nziml\u0259nm\u0259d\u0259n d\u0259niz\u0259 dolu\u015fmas\u0131na s\u0259b\u0259b olur ki, bu da \u0259kin sah\u0259l\u0259rinin suvar\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7\u0259tinl\u0259\u015fdirir.<\/p>\n D\u00fcnya Bank\u0131n\u0131n Az\u0259rbaycan \u00fczr\u0259 \u00f6lk\u0259 meneceri Stefani Stallmeister bildirib ki, Az\u0259rbaycan kimi \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259r qlobal dekarbonizasiya prosesinin t\u0259sirl\u0259rini birba\u015fa hiss ed\u0259c\u0259k, n\u00f6vb\u0259ti ill\u0259rd\u0259 su q\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131 v\u0259 ekstremal isti hava k\u00fctl\u0259l\u0259ri il\u0259 m\u00fcbariz\u0259 aparacaqlar.<\/p>\n Prezident \u0130lham \u018fliyev bu m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259ni d\u0259f\u0259l\u0259rl\u0259 g\u00fcnd\u0259m\u0259 g\u0259tirib v\u0259 su q\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131na qar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fcbariz\u0259d\u0259 siyasi irad\u0259 g\u00f6st\u0259r\u0259r\u0259k davaml\u0131 i\u015fl\u0259r h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irilm\u0259sini t\u0259min edib. \u201cEuronews\u201da verdiyi m\u00fcsahib\u0259sind\u0259 d\u00f6vl\u0259t ba\u015f\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 qeyd edib ki, iqlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyinin t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259li f\u0259sadlar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcr\u00fck: \u201c\u00c7aylar\u0131m\u0131zda su azal\u0131r, da\u011flar\u0131m\u0131zda qar azal\u0131r, X\u0259z\u0259r d\u0259nizind\u0259 suyun s\u0259viyy\u0259si d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u201d. Prezident vur\u011fulay\u0131b ki, enerji v\u0259 \u0259zml\u0259 bu m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259y\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fcbariz\u0259 aparmasaq, ham\u0131m\u0131z \u0259ziyy\u0259t \u00e7\u0259k\u0259c\u0259yik v\u0259 ya\u015f\u0131l enerji \u00f6lk\u0259nin g\u00fcnd\u0259liyinin v\u0259 m\u0259suliyy\u0259t hissinin ayr\u0131lmaz hiss\u0259si olmal\u0131d\u0131r [2].<\/p>\n Az\u0259rbaycan transs\u0259rh\u0259d sulardan as\u0131l\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 azaltmaq, daxili \u00e7aylar \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 su anbarlar\u0131 tikm\u0259k, alternativ su m\u0259nb\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259n istifad\u0259ni geni\u015fl\u0259ndirm\u0259k v\u0259 suvarma suyundan s\u0259m\u0259r\u0259li istifad\u0259 mexanizml\u0259rini haz\u0131rlamaq m\u0259qs\u0259dil\u0259 2025-ci il\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r ortam\u00fcdd\u0259tli, 2030-cu il\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r is\u0259 uzunm\u00fcdd\u0259tli planlar q\u0259bul edib.<\/p>\n Ekspertl\u0259r qeyd edirl\u0259r ki, su resurslar\u0131n\u0131n q\u0259na\u0259tli istifad\u0259si \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn maarifl\u0259ndirm\u0259 \u00e7ox \u00f6n\u0259mlidir. Su krantlar\u0131n\u0131n l\u00fczumsuz a\u00e7\u0131q qalmamas\u0131, sudan s\u0259m\u0259r\u0259li istifad\u0259, texniki suyun t\u0259s\u0259rr\u00fcfatlarda istifad\u0259si, m\u0259i\u015f\u0259td\u0259 istifad\u0259 edil\u0259n suyun filtrd\u0259n ke\u00e7iril\u0259r\u0259k yenid\u0259n istifad\u0259si suya q\u0259na\u0259t etm\u0259y\u0259 k\u00f6m\u0259k ed\u0259 bil\u0259r. Yeni suvarma texnologiyalar\u0131na ke\u00e7id k\u0259nd t\u0259s\u0259rr\u00fcfat\u0131nda su itkil\u0259rini \u0259n az 50% azaltma\u011fa imkan ver\u0259r. Eyni zamanda, az su t\u0259l\u0259b ed\u0259n bitkil\u0259rin \u0259kilm\u0259sin\u0259 \u015f\u0259rait yaratmaq, k\u0259nd t\u0259s\u0259rr\u00fcfat\u0131n\u0131n adaptasiya t\u0259dbirl\u0259rind\u0259 \u0259sas rol oynamal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n Bu il Az\u0259rbaycan \u0130qlim D\u0259yi\u015fikliyi \u00fczr\u0259 \u00c7\u0259r\u00e7iv\u0259 Konvensiyas\u0131n\u0131n T\u0259r\u0259fl\u0259r Konfrans\u0131na (COP29) ev sahibliyi edir. Ekspertl\u0259r COP29 \u00e7\u0259r\u00e7iv\u0259sind\u0259 su ehtiyatlar\u0131n\u0131n qorunmas\u0131 v\u0259 su t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259sizliyi il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 yeni v\u0259 daha g\u00fccl\u00fc \u00f6hd\u0259likl\u0259ri olan konkret t\u0259\u015f\u0259bb\u00fcsl\u0259rin ir\u0259li s\u00fcr\u00fcl\u0259 bil\u0259c\u0259yini vur\u011fulay\u0131rlar. Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n bu t\u0259\u015f\u0259bb\u00fcsd\u0259ki lider rolu v\u0259 dan\u0131\u015f\u0131qlarda m\u00fch\u00fcm fiqur olmas\u0131 \u00f6lk\u0259nin g\u0259l\u0259c\u0259kd\u0259 Konvensiyan\u0131n t\u0259l\u0259bl\u0259rinin yerin\u0259 yetirilm\u0259sind\u0259 hesabatl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 t\u0259min etm\u0259kd\u0259 \u00f6n\u0259mli rol oynayacaq.<\/p>\n Maraql\u0131 fakt: <\/strong>\u0130nki\u015faf etm\u0259kd\u0259 olan \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259ri iqliml\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 s\u0259yl\u0259rind\u0259 d\u0259st\u0259kl\u0259m\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn yarad\u0131lm\u0131\u015f Ya\u015f\u0131l \u0130qlim Fondu t\u0259sis edildiyi g\u00fcnd\u0259n b\u0259ri 8 milyard dollardan \u00e7ox v\u0259sait s\u0259f\u0259rb\u0259r edib, lakin bu, h\u0259ssas b\u00f6lg\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 iqlim t\u0259sirl\u0259rini tam h\u0259ll etm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn hesablanm\u0131\u015f ehtiyaclardan \u00e7ox azd\u0131r.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n N\u0259tic\u0259<\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u0130qlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyi qlobal miqyasda sosial-iqtisadi sisteml\u0259rimiz, ekoloji dayan\u0131ql\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z v\u0259 siyasi strukturlar\u0131m\u0131z \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 d\u0259rin v\u0259 m\u00fcxt\u0259lif t\u0259sirl\u0259r yaratmaqdad\u0131r. Bu kompleks m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259 h\u0259m\u00e7inin \u0259dal\u0259tsizlikl\u0259ri g\u00fccl\u0259ndirir v\u0259 c\u0259miyy\u0259tin m\u00fcxt\u0259lif qruplar\u0131na b\u0259rab\u0259r olmayan \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 t\u0259sir g\u00f6st\u0259rir. \u018fdal\u0259t m\u0259fhumu iqlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyi il\u0259 m\u00fcbariz\u0259d\u0259 m\u0259rk\u0259zi rol oynamal\u0131d\u0131r. Bu kontekstd\u0259 \u0259dal\u0259t h\u0259r bir \u00f6lk\u0259nin tarixi emissiyalar\u0131n\u0131 v\u0259 iqtisadi imkanlar\u0131n\u0131 n\u0259z\u0259r\u0259 alaraq, iqlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyi il\u0259 m\u00fcbariz\u0259d\u0259 \u00f6hd\u0259likl\u0259rin b\u00f6l\u00fc\u015fd\u00fcr\u00fclm\u0259sini t\u0259l\u0259b edir. \u0130nki\u015faf etmi\u015f \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259r qlobal emissiyalara \u0259n \u00e7ox t\u00f6hf\u0259 verdikl\u0259ri \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn iqlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyi il\u0259 m\u00fcbariz\u0259d\u0259 maliyy\u0259 v\u0259 texnoloji d\u0259st\u0259k kimi daha b\u00f6y\u00fck \u00f6hd\u0259likl\u0259r g\u00f6t\u00fcrm\u0259lidirl\u0259r.<\/p>\n \u0130qlim maliyy\u0259si v\u0259 texnologiya transferi \u0259dal\u0259tli bir qlobal iqlim siyas\u0259tinin t\u0259m\u0259l da\u015flar\u0131d\u0131r. Paris Sazi\u015fi v\u0259 dig\u0259r beyn\u0259lxalq m\u00fcqavil\u0259l\u0259r inki\u015faf etmi\u015f \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rin inki\u015faf etm\u0259kd\u0259 olan \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 iqlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyi il\u0259 m\u00fcbariz\u0259d\u0259 d\u0259st\u0259k olmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn h\u0259r il \u0259n az\u0131 100 milyard dollar s\u0259f\u0259rb\u0259r etm\u0259l\u0259rini \u00f6z\u00fcnd\u0259 ehtiva edir. Bununla bel\u0259, bu \u00f6hd\u0259likl\u0259r h\u0259mi\u015f\u0259 tam yerin\u0259 yetirilmir v\u0259 iqlim maliyy\u0259sinin ax\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7ox vaxt kifay\u0259t q\u0259d\u0259r \u015f\u0259ffaf v\u0259 davaml\u0131 deyil. Az\u0259rbaycan kimi su ehtiyatlar\u0131na h\u0259ssas \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259r \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn iqlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyi x\u00fcsusil\u0259 ciddi bir m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259dir. Su ehtiyatlar\u0131n\u0131n azalmas\u0131, quraql\u0131\u011f\u0131n artmas\u0131 v\u0259 \u0259halinin suya \u00e7\u0131x\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n m\u0259hdudla\u015fmas\u0131 kimi probleml\u0259r, \u00f6lk\u0259nin iqtisadi v\u0259 sosial inki\u015faf\u0131na ciddi t\u0259hdidl\u0259r yarad\u0131r. Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n COP29-a ev sahibliyi etm\u0259si bu m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 qlobal diqq\u0259ti c\u0259lb etm\u0259k v\u0259 su t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259sizliyi, iqlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyin\u0259 uy\u011funla\u015fma v\u0259 qlobal \u0259m\u0259kda\u015fl\u0131q kimi m\u00fch\u00fcm m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 liderlik etm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn m\u00fch\u00fcm bir f\u00fcrs\u0259tdir. COP29 kimi qlobal t\u0259dbird\u0259 aktiv i\u015ftirak \u00f6lk\u0259nin qlobal iqlim siyas\u0259tin\u0259 t\u00f6hf\u0259sini v\u0259 bu sah\u0259d\u0259ki liderlik iddialar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fccl\u0259ndirir.<\/p>\n \u0130qlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyi h\u0259m\u00e7inin siyasi v\u0259 etik m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259dir. \u0130qlim siyas\u0259ti d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259raras\u0131 m\u00fcnasib\u0259tl\u0259ri, yerli v\u0259 qlobal iqtisadiyyatlar\u0131 formala\u015fd\u0131ran m\u00fcr\u0259kk\u0259b m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259dir. \u0130qlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyi b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259r v\u0259 c\u0259miyy\u0259tl\u0259r \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn adil v\u0259 dayan\u0131ql\u0131 h\u0259ll\u0259r tapmaq m\u0259qs\u0259dil\u0259 \u0259m\u0259kda\u015fl\u0131q v\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ql\u0131 m\u0259suliyy\u0259t t\u0259l\u0259b edir.<\/p>\n \u0130qlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyi il\u0259 m\u00fcbariz\u0259d\u0259 \u0259dal\u0259tli bir yana\u015fman\u0131n q\u0259bul edilm\u0259si bu qlobal problemin h\u0259lli \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u0259sas \u015f\u0259rtdir. \u0130nki\u015faf etmi\u015f v\u0259 inki\u015faf etm\u0259kd\u0259 olan \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259r aras\u0131nda resurslar\u0131n, m\u0259suliyy\u0259tin v\u0259 y\u00fck\u00fcn \u0259dal\u0259tli \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 b\u00f6l\u00fc\u015fd\u00fcr\u00fclm\u0259si, h\u0259m\u00e7inin yerli v\u0259 \u0259n h\u0259ssas qruplar\u0131n s\u0259sl\u0259rinin e\u015fidilm\u0259si bu m\u00fcbariz\u0259nin m\u00fch\u00fcm aspektl\u0259rind\u0259n biridir.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u00a0<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n \u0130ST\u0130FAD\u018f ED\u0130LM\u0130\u015e \u018fD\u018fB\u0130YYAT<\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n Az\u0259rbaycan dilind\u0259:<\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u0130ngilis dilind\u0259:<\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n Rus dilind\u0259:<\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n T\u00fcrk dilind\u0259:<\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n Frans\u0131z dilind\u0259:<\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n \u00a0<\/strong>Aziz Aliyev<\/strong><\/p>\n Climate Change and Environmental Ethics: Global Political <\/strong>and Theoretical Perspectives on New Ethical Framework<\/strong><\/p>\n \u00a0<\/strong>Abstract<\/strong><\/p>\n \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n Climate change is one of the most pressing global environmental and social challenges, impacting diverse aspects of human and ecological systems. Developing countries, despite being the least responsible for greenhouse gas emissions, disproportionately suffer the most severe consequences. Conversely, developed nations, due to their historical contributions to greenhouse gas accumulation, hold greater responsibility for mitigating climate change and supporting vulnerable nations through financial and technological assistance, as stipulated by international agreements such as the Paris Agreement.<\/p>\n Azerbaijan faces significant environmental challenges, including water scarcity and degradation of agricultural conditions caused by climate change. The country’s active participation in global climate initiatives, exemplified by hosting the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change Conference of Parties (COP29), underscores Azerbaijan\u2019s commitment to addressing climate issues at both domestic and international levels. COP29 provides a platform for Azerbaijan to highlight its efforts and lead on climate initiatives, fostering global and regional cooperation.<\/p>\n Justice in climate action is essential, requiring acknowledgment of the historical responsibilities and current capabilities of nations. Developed countries must offer sufficient support to developing countries to adapt to and mitigate the impacts of climate change. This includes investments in renewable energy, carbon capture technologies, and flood defense systems.<\/p>\n Furthermore, climate change closely intertwined with global and intergenerational justice, influencing fundamental human rights such as the rights to life, health, food, and water. Vulnerable populations\u2014including women, economically disadvantaged groups, and indigenous communities\u2014bear the brunt of climate change’s consequences. Urgent and targeted actions are needed to protect their rights and ensure their participation in decision-making processes.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Key words:<\/strong> climate change, climate justice, Paris agreement, Azerbaijan and COP29, water security, climate finance, human rights, climate policy, intergenerational justice, sustainable development<\/p>\n \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n \u0410\u0437\u0438\u0437 \u0410\u043b\u0438\u0435\u0432<\/strong><\/p>\n \u0418\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u043b\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0438 \u044d\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u044d\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430: \u0433\u043b\u043e\u0431\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 <\/strong>\u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e-\u0442\u0435\u043e\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0441\u043f\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u044b \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 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\u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0438 \u043e\u0445\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0430\u044f \u044d\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435, \u0441\u043e\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0438 \u044d\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0430\u0441\u043f\u0435\u043a\u0442\u044b. \u0413\u043b\u043e\u0431\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043f\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u043b\u0438\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0438\u043e\u043d\u044b \u043c\u0438\u0440\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e, \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c \u043d\u0430\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0443\u044f\u0437\u0432\u0438\u043c\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435\u0441\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u044b, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0432 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044c\u0448\u0435\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0435\u043f\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0442 \u0443\u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0432\u044b\u0431\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0433\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432. \u041e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0437\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043f\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0433\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432 \u0432 \u0430\u0442\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0435 \u043b\u0435\u0436\u0438\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0445, \u0432 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0445 \u0417\u0430\u043f\u0430\u0434\u0430, \u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0440\u044f \u0438\u0445 \u0438\u043d\u0434\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u044d\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u0435\u044f\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438. \u0412 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0438 \u0441 \u044d\u0442\u0438\u043c \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u044b \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u043d\u044b \u0432\u0437\u044f\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0435\u0431\u044f \u0432\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0449\u0443\u044e \u0440\u043e\u043b\u044c \u0432 \u0441\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0432\u044b\u0431\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0433\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u043c\u0441\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043c \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u0444\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0438. \u042d\u0442\u043e \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044b \u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0434\u043b\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u043b\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0432 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0445, \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u041f\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0436\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435.<\/p>\n \u0410\u0437\u0435\u0440\u0431\u0430\u0439\u0434\u0436\u0430\u043d, \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043a\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439\u0441\u044f \u0441 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u044c\u0435\u0437\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0432\u044b\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043c\u0438, \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0441 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u043a\u043b\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0430, \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0441\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0440\u0435\u0441\u0443\u0440\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043b\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0445\u043e\u0437\u044f\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430, \u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0432 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0443\u0441\u0438\u043b\u0438\u044f\u0445 \u043f\u043e \u0431\u043e\u0440\u044c\u0431\u0435 \u0441 \u043a\u043b\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u0432 \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0435. \u041e\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043c \u0438\u0437 \u044f\u0440\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u041e\u041e\u041d \u043f\u043e \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u043a\u043b\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0430 (COP29), \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0410\u0437\u0435\u0440\u0431\u0430\u0439\u0434\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0443 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0443 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u0443\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043b\u0438\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0432 \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043a\u043b\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439.<\/p>\n \u0412\u0430\u0436\u043d\u0435\u0439\u0448\u0438\u043c \u0430\u0441\u043f\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0431\u043e\u0440\u044c\u0431\u044b \u0441 \u043a\u043b\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0434\u043b\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0443\u0447\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0438 \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0443\u0449\u0438\u0445 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\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0439. \u042d\u0442\u043e \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0432 \u0441\u0435\u0431\u044f \u0438\u043d\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0432 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u043c\u0443\u044e \u044d\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0435\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0443, \u0432\u043d\u0435\u0434\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0445\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0443 \u0443\u0433\u043b\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0440\u044b \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u044b \u043e\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439.<\/p>\n \u041a\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u043a\u043b\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 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![\"\"](\"https:\/\/socialresearchjournal.az\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/pdfdown-212x300.jpg\")
<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"