AMEA F\u0259ls\u0259f\u0259 v\u0259 Sosiologiya \u0130nstitutu Siyas\u0259tin <\/em>f\u0259ls\u0259f\u0259si v\u0259 sosiologiyas\u0131 \u015f\u00f6b\u0259sinin m\u00fcdiri, professor<\/em><\/p>\n (Bak\u0131, Az\u0259rbaycan)<\/em><\/p>\n \u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n E-mail: mirrena54@yahoo.com<\/em><\/p>\n ORCID: 0000-0002-6250-1826<\/em><\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n X\u00fclas\u0259. <\/strong>M\u0259qal\u0259d\u0259 qlobal d\u00fcnyada su diplomatiyas\u0131, bu kontekstd\u0259 “su m\u00fcharib\u0259si\u201d v\u0259 “su m\u00fcnaqi\u015f\u0259si\u201dnin tipl\u0259ri, n\u00f6vl\u0259ri, ictimai-elmi fikir tarixind\u0259 problem\u0259 m\u00fcnasib\u0259t, su \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131, su il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 qanunlar t\u0259hlil edilmi\u015fdir. Ara\u015fd\u0131rmada m\u00fcasir Az\u0259rbaycanda su il\u0259 \u0259laq\u0259dar qanunvericilik respublikada problem\u0259 m\u00fcnasib\u0259t v\u0259 bu aspektd\u0259n ir\u0259li g\u0259l\u0259n m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 geosiyasi h\u00fcquqi-n\u0259z\u0259r yetirilmi\u015fdir. M\u0259qal\u0259d\u0259 m\u00fcvafiq elmi \u0259d\u0259biyyatdan, el\u0259c\u0259 d\u0259 r\u0259smi s\u0259n\u0259dl\u0259rd\u0259n istifad\u0259 olunmu\u015fdur. Yekunda m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259y\u0259 dair t\u00f6vsiy\u0259 d\u0259 verilmi\u015fdir.<\/p>\n \u00a0<\/strong>A\u00e7ar s\u00f6zl\u0259r: <\/strong>su diplomatiyas\u0131, su m\u00fcharib\u0259si, akvabiot\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259sizlik, biom\u00fcxt\u0259liflik<\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n Giri\u015f<\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n XXI \u0259sr – IV s\u0259naye inqilab\u0131 d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259 innovativ inki\u015fafla yana\u015f\u0131, yenilikl\u0259r\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 g\u0259rginlikl\u0259rin d\u0259 \u00e7oxalmas\u0131, biotexnologiyalar, s\u00fcni intellekt, h\u0259tta b\u00fct\u00fcn canl\u0131 genefondun d\u0259yi\u015film\u0259si, biom\u00fcxt\u0259liflik, x\u00fcsusil\u0259 d\u0259 insan d\u0259y\u0259rinin d\u0259yi\u015fikliyi Yer \u00fcznd\u0259 canl\u0131 h\u0259yat\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn parametrl\u0259rinin – suyun, torpa\u011f\u0131n, h\u0259tta havan\u0131n da qorunmas\u0131 probleml\u0259rini diplomatiyada m\u00fczakir\u0259 predmeti etmi\u015fdir. XXI \u0259srd\u0259 yeni biot\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259sizlik diplomatik m\u00fcnasib\u0259tl\u0259rd\u0259 \u2013 bioakvageosiyasi v\u0259 biososioiqtisadi z\u0259mind\u0259 yeni eran\u0131n yeni m\u0259nz\u0259r\u0259sidir.<\/p>\n Diplomatiyan\u0131n \u0259sas v\u0259zif\u0259si v\u0259 m\u0259zmunu d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259rin \u00f6z xarici siyas\u0259tinin m\u0259qs\u0259dl\u0259rin\u0259 diplomatik metod v\u0259 vasit\u0259l\u0259rl\u0259 nail olunmas\u0131d\u0131r. \u201cDiplomatiy\u201d termini \u201cxarici siyas\u0259t\u201d anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n sinonimi kimi d\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259n\u0259 bil\u0259r.<\/p>\n XXI \u0259sr s\u00fcni intellekt d\u00f6vr\u00fc, canl\u0131 v\u0259 qeyri-canl\u0131 h\u0259yat\u0131n \u201ca\u011f\u0131ll\u0131\u201d modifikasiyas\u0131, eyni zamanda su diplomatiyas\u0131 v\u0259 hidrologiya, h\u0259m d\u0259 siyasi-h\u00fcquqi z\u0259mind\u0259 beyn\u0259lxalq akvabiot\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259sizlik \u0259laq\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 d\u0259 aktuald\u0131r. M\u00fcxt\u0259lif elml\u0259rin qov\u015fa\u011f\u0131 istiqam\u0259tind\u0259, akvat\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259sizlik v\u0259 biom\u00fcxt\u0259liflik d\u0259y\u0259rl\u0259ri insanla bah\u0259m flora v\u0259 faunan\u0131n – canl\u0131 h\u0259yat\u0131n da geosiyasi-h\u00fcquqi t\u0259dqiqi, bu sah\u0259l\u0259rin elmi-n\u0259z\u0259ri \u00f6yr\u0259nilm\u0259sini z\u0259ruril\u0259\u015fdirir. D\u00fcnyan\u0131n yeni d\u00fcz\u0259nind\u0259 ist\u0259r silahl\u0131, ist\u0259r \u201csoyuq\u201d yeni m\u00fcharib\u0259l\u0259r b\u0259\u015f\u0259riyy\u0259tin maddi v\u0259 m\u0259n\u0259vi nailiyy\u0259tl\u0259rinin \u0259ks\u0259r strukturunu da\u011f\u0131daraq suyun, torpa\u011f\u0131n, havan\u0131n da biot\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259sizliyini meydana \u00e7\u0131xarm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n Diplomatiyan\u0131n t\u0259rkib hiss\u0259si kimi “su diplomatiyas\u0131” m\u0259zmununun konseptual aparat\u0131 v\u0259 onun su sektoruna aid olmas\u0131n\u0131n ayd\u0131nla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 il\u0259 a\u015fkar edil\u0259 bil\u0259r. \u018fg\u0259r \u201cdiplomatiyaya d\u00f6vl\u0259tin xarici siyas\u0259tinin formala\u015fmas\u0131 vasit\u0259sidir\u201d t\u0259rifi verilirs\u0259, m\u00fcasir \u201csu diplomatiyas\u0131\u201d anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 da d\u00f6vl\u0259tin xarici siyas\u0259tinin h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irilm\u0259si kimi m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n edilir.<\/p>\n Su t\u0259s\u0259rr\u00fcfat\u0131 f\u0259aliyy\u0259tinin spesifikliyi d\u0259 d\u00f6vl\u0259t qurumlar\u0131na k\u00f6m\u0259k ed\u0259n su diplomatiyas\u0131 institutunun yaranmas\u0131na s\u0259b\u0259b olmu\u015fdur. \u201cSu diplomatiyas\u0131\u201d d\u00f6vl\u0259t orqanlar\u0131n\u0131n v\u0259 m\u00fcvafiq s\u0259lahiyy\u0259tli \u015f\u0259xsl\u0259rin dig\u0259r d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259rl\u0259 m\u00fcnasib\u0259tl\u0259rd\u0259 su m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259si \u00fczr\u0259 d\u00f6vl\u0259t v\u0259 onun v\u0259t\u0259nda\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n maraqlar\u0131n\u0131 t\u0259msil etm\u0259k, qorumaq \u00fczr\u0259 pe\u015f\u0259kar f\u0259aliyy\u0259tidir [19].<\/p>\n Biom\u00fcxt\u0259liflik termini \u201cbioloji\u201d v\u0259 \u201cm\u00fcxt\u0259liflik\u201d anlay\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n q\u0131sa formas\u0131d\u0131r. Biom\u00fcxt\u0259liflik Yer planetind\u0259ki h\u0259yat\u0131n n\u00f6v \u00e7ox\u00e7e\u015fidliliyinin ham\u0131s\u0131 (bitki, heyvan v\u0259 s.) onlar\u0131n m\u00fchitin\u0259 aiddir. Bioloji resurslar \u00fczr\u0259 \u0259n vacib element sudur. Bioloji m\u00fcxt\u0259liflik daha \u00e7ox h\u0259yat atributudur (su al\u0259minin, qu\u015f n\u00f6vl\u0259rinin, d\u0259nli bitkil\u0259rin genetik d\u0259yi\u015fk\u0259nliyi, me\u015f\u0259 n\u00f6vl\u0259ri v\u0259 s.). Biom\u00fcxt\u0259lifliyin siyasi-h\u00fcquqi t\u0259nziml\u0259nm\u0259si 1992-ci il Beyn\u0259lxalq Konvensiyas\u0131 il\u0259 h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irilir. Burada \u0259sas prinsipl\u0259r: 1) bioloji m\u00fcxt\u0259lifliyin qorunmas\u0131; 2) b\u00fct\u00fcn b\u0259\u015f\u0259riyy\u0259tin \u00fcmumi v\u0259zif\u0259si; 3) davaml\u0131 inki\u015faf\u0131n t\u0259rkib hiss\u0259si olan m\u00fcvafiq konvensiyad\u0131r. Konvensiyan\u0131n \u0259sas v\u0259zif\u0259si bioloji m\u00fcxt\u0259lifliyin yaln\u0131z beyn\u0259lxalq \u0259m\u0259kda\u015fl\u0131q yolu il\u0259 xilas\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fcmk\u00fcnl\u00fcy\u00fcd\u00fcr. Konvensiyada \u0259sas m\u0259qs\u0259d: 1) bioloji m\u00fcxt\u0259lifliyin qorunmas\u0131; 2) ondan sabit istifad\u0259 olunmas\u0131; 3) \u0259ld\u0259 olunmu\u015f g\u0259lird\u0259n birlikd\u0259 faydalanmaqd\u0131r [8].<\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n B\u0259\u015f\u0259r m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259ti v\u0259 sivilizasiyalar\u0131nda \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rin sanki \u201cs\u00f6ze\u015fitm\u0259z t\u0259bi\u0259tin\u201d qorunmas\u0131n\u0131 t\u0259sbit ed\u0259n \u00e7oxsayl\u0131 h\u00fcquqi v\u0259 siyasi-m\u0259d\u0259ni qanunlar\u0131 m\u00f6vcuddur. B\u00fct\u00fcn dinl\u0259rd\u0259 (islam, xristianl\u0131q, iudaizm, buddizm v\u0259 s.) Allah\u0131n yaratd\u0131\u011f\u0131 canl\u0131 flora v\u0259 fauna d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131 qorumaq, t\u0259bi\u0259t v\u0259 heyvanlarla birg\u0259 h\u0259yat t\u0259rzi s\u00fcrm\u0259k insanlara t\u0259lqin olunur. Dini kitablarda – “Quran”da, \u201c\u0130ncil\u201dd\u0259, \u201cT\u00f6vrat\u201dda, el\u0259c\u0259 d\u0259 pey\u011f\u0259mb\u0259rl\u0259rin h\u0259dis v\u0259 r\u0259vay\u0259tl\u0259rind\u0259 canl\u0131 h\u0259yat\u0131n biom\u00fcxty\u0259lifliyi, biot\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259sizliyi, el\u0259c\u0259 d\u0259 akvat\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259sizliyi il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 \u00e7oxlu k\u0259lam v\u0259 deyiml\u0259r var. S\u0259mavi dinl\u0259rd\u0259 b\u0259z\u0259n biom\u00fcxt\u0259lifliyin ayr\u0131-ayr\u0131 komponentl\u0259rin\u0259 sitayi\u015f d\u0259 vard\u0131r. M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, hinduizm dinind\u0259 in\u0259k m\u00fcq\u0259dd\u0259sdir, onun qida m\u0259hsulu kimi istifad\u0259si haram say\u0131l\u0131rsa, at\u0259\u015fp\u0259r\u0259stl\u0259rd\u0259 akvakultural, y\u0259ni bitkid\u0259n al\u0131nan \u00e7\u00f6r\u0259k, su v\u0259 oda sitayi\u015f var v\u0259 b\u00fct\u00fcn bunlar m\u00fcq\u0259dd\u0259s hesab olunur, h\u0259tta b\u0259z\u0259n and yeri d\u0259 olur (su haqq\u0131, od haqq\u0131, \u00e7\u00f6r\u0259k haqq\u0131 v\u0259 s.). Su n\u0259inki d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259rin, h\u0259tta canl\u0131 fauna v\u0259 flora, el\u0259c\u0259 d\u0259 \u0259sas insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u0259n \u00fcmd\u0259 t\u0259l\u0259bat\u0131d\u0131r. Su birl\u0259\u015fdir\u0259n bir faktordur. Su safl\u0131q r\u0259mzi oldu\u011fu kimi, haradasa inam, iman, m\u00fcq\u0259dd\u0259slik da\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r. Ad\u0259tdir, evd\u0259n \u00e7\u0131xan, d\u00f6y\u00fc\u015f\u0259 yollanan, a\u011f\u0131r i\u015f \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn ged\u0259nin arxas\u0131 il\u0259 \u201cYoluna su s\u0259pilsin\u201d dey\u0259 su at\u0131rlar. Bu inanc da olsa, suyun g\u0259r\u0259kliliyinin v\u0259 sanki h\u0259r hans\u0131 \u00e7\u0259tinliyin h\u0259llin\u0259 k\u00f6m\u0259k ed\u0259 bil\u0259c\u0259yin\u0259 inam\u0131n r\u0259mzidir. Novruz bayram\u0131n\u0131n d\u00f6rd \u00e7\u0259r\u015f\u0259nb\u0259sind\u0259n biri su \u00e7\u0259r\u015f\u0259nb\u0259sidir.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n Elmd\u0259 yeni istiqam\u0259t kimi su geosiyasi diplomatiyas\u0131n\u0131n, biot\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259sizliyin, akvam\u00fcxt\u0259lifliyin h\u00fcquqi akt v\u0259 qanunlarla t\u0259nziml\u0259nm\u0259si d\u0259 qanunil\u0259\u015fdirilir. M\u00fcasir h\u00fcquqi-siyasi v\u0259 ictimai-akvabiot\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259sizlik diplomatiyalar\u0131n\u0131n paradiqmalar\u0131, o c\u00fcml\u0259d\u0259n su m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259si d\u0259 yeni t\u0259dqiqat obyekti kimi \u00f6yr\u0259nilir. Biot\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259sizlik torpaq, su, fauna v\u0259 floraya ziyan vurmadan v\u0259 vurula bil\u0259c\u0259k ziyan\u0131 aradan qald\u0131rmaqla ba\u011fl\u0131 olan v\u0259zif\u0259l\u0259ri ehtiva ed\u0259n prosesdir. Biot\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259sizlik m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259n biri d\u0259 transs\u0259rh\u0259d sular\u0131n akvat\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259sizliyi, hidrodiplomatik probleml\u0259ridir. XXI \u0259sr \u201cA\u011f\u0131ll\u0131 su\u201d terminini d\u0259 meydana \u00e7\u0131xar\u0131b. H\u0259tta \u201cintellektual su\u201d anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 da yaranm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Biom\u00fcxt\u0259liflik, biot\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259sizlik m\u00fcst\u0259visind\u0259 insan \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn h\u0259yat (su, torpaq, heyvan v\u0259 bitki h\u0259yat\u0131) il\u0259 \u0259laq\u0259li \u0259n uy\u011fun t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259sizlik prinsipl\u0259rini t\u0259yin ed\u0259n v\u0259 ara\u015fd\u0131ran elmi t\u0259hlill\u0259rdir.<\/p>\n Biot\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259sizlikd\u0259 canl\u0131 al\u0259m\u0259 kultural m\u00fcnasib\u0259t, su \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131, gen m\u00fch\u0259ndisliyi, biom\u00fcxt\u0259liflik, orqanlar\u0131n transplantasiyas\u0131, klonla\u015fd\u0131rma, heyvanlar\u0131n riskli v\u0259 qeyri-etik eksperimentl\u0259r\u0259 c\u0259lb edilm\u0259si v\u0259 s. probleml\u0259r h\u00fcquqi, siyasi, h\u0259tta dini prizmadan yana\u015f\u0131laraq \u00f6yr\u0259nilir.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n Yunan filosofu Aristotelin f\u0259ls\u0259f\u0259sind\u0259 materiyan\u0131 t\u0259bi\u0259td\u0259 d\u00f6rd \u00fcns\u00fcr (od, hava, su v\u0259 torpaq) t\u0259\u015fkil edir. \u201cH\u0259yat h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259t dem\u0259kdir, su da axmayanda iyl\u0259n\u0259r\u201d [10] yazaraq insanl\u0131\u011fa qar\u015f\u0131 b\u0259rab\u0259rsizliyi, canl\u0131lara olan insan h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259tini t\u0259bii bilir [10], h\u0259tta Platon da bel\u0259 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrd\u00fc. Az\u0259rbaycan klassikl\u0259rind\u0259n Nizaminin \u015feirl\u0259ri, F\u00fczulinin \u201cMeyv\u0259l\u0259rin s\u00f6hb\u0259ti\u201d \u0259s\u0259ri bir n\u00f6v canl\u0131 al\u0259m\u0259 m\u00fcnasib\u0259tdir. B\u00f6y\u00fck Nizami demi\u015fk\u0259n: \u201cS\u00f6z\u00fcn d\u0259 su kimi l\u0259taf\u0259ti var; H\u0259r s\u00f6z\u00fc az dem\u0259k daha xo\u015f olar\u201d. Yaxud: \u201cBir inci safl\u0131\u011f\u0131 varsa da suda; Art\u0131q i\u00e7il\u0259nd\u0259 d\u0259rd verir o da\u201d [16, s.49]. Filosof v\u0259 aqronom Foma Akvinski d\u0259 t\u0259bi\u0259t\u0259 v\u0259h\u015fi m\u00fcnasib\u0259t\u0259 v\u0259 insan-t\u0259bi\u0259t ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda insan\u0131n istismar\u00e7\u0131 hakimliyin\u0259 y\u00f6n\u0259lik doktrina haz\u0131rlam\u0131\u015fd\u0131. Bu doktrina is\u0259 sonradan Avropada dominant n\u0259z\u0259riyy\u0259y\u0259 \u00e7evrildi. Sonrak\u0131 d\u00f6vrl\u0259rd\u0259 d\u0259 canl\u0131lar\u0131n ya\u015fam m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259sind\u0259 sudan istifad\u0259y\u0259 laqeyd m\u00fcnasib\u0259t m\u00fc\u015fahid\u0259 edilirdi. M\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n m\u0259nada bitki v\u0259 heyvanlar\u0131n h\u0259yat\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn suyu g\u0259r\u0259kli bils\u0259l\u0259r d\u0259, vacib t\u0259l\u0259bat kimi h\u0259tta i\u00e7m\u0259li suyun istifad\u0259sin\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 deyildil\u0259r.<\/p>\n Bel\u0259 bir sual yaran\u0131r: T\u0259bi\u0259td\u0259 suyun qorunmas\u0131, m\u00fchafiz\u0259si hans\u0131 h\u00fcquqla, qanunla qorunur? B\u0259s t\u0259bi\u0259tin \u00f6z h\u00fcquqlar\u0131 nec\u0259 r\u0259smil\u0259\u015fdirilm\u0259lidir? Amerikal\u0131 filosoflar – R.Emerson v\u0259 H.Torro t\u0259bi\u0259ti insan etikas\u0131n\u0131n v\u0259 m\u0259n\u0259vi inki\u015faf\u0131n\u0131n \u0259sas t\u0259rkib hiss\u0259si kimi g\u00f6st\u0259rirl\u0259r [7]. Me\u015f\u0259 ehtiyatlar\u0131 \u00fczr\u0259 alim Gifford Pin\u00e7ot yaz\u0131r: \u201cB\u00fct\u00fcn t\u0259bii obyektl\u0259r v\u0259 hadis\u0259l\u0259r\u0259, o c\u00fcml\u0259d\u0259n t\u0259miz suya, odunca\u011fa, yeml\u0259r\u0259, canl\u0131 t\u0259bi\u0259t\u0259, n\u00f6vl\u0259rin m\u00fcxt\u0259lifliyin\u0259 v\u0259 h\u0259tta g\u00f6z\u0259l land\u015fafta t\u0259bii ehtiyatlar kimi baxmaq olar v\u0259 t\u0259bi\u0259tin d\u00fczg\u00fcn idar\u0259 olunmas\u0131 dedikd\u0259, bu ehtiyatlar\u0131n insan\u0131n rifah\u0131 namin\u0259 s\u0259m\u0259r\u0259li, uzunm\u00fcdd\u0259tli istifad\u0259si n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259 tutulmal\u0131d\u0131r\u201d [20].<\/p>\n H.Torronun \u201cValden v\u0259 ya me\u015f\u0259d\u0259ki h\u0259yat\u201d \u0259s\u0259ri su sahilind\u0259 \u00f6z \u0259ll\u0259ri il\u0259 tikdiyi daxmada iki illik t\u0259nha ya\u015fama\u011f\u0131n real t\u0259cr\u00fcb\u0259si, su il\u0259 qidalanmaqla t\u0259bi\u0259t, c\u0259miyy\u0259t v\u0259 \u015f\u0259h\u0259rin s\u0259s-k\u00fcy\u00fcnd\u0259n uzaq sad\u0259 h\u0259yat haqq\u0131ndad\u0131r.<\/p>\n H.Torroya g\u00f6r\u0259: \u201cG\u00f6l yerin g\u00f6z\u00fcd\u00fcr, insan \u00f6z t\u0259bi\u0259tinin d\u0259rinliyinin \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcn\u0259 bax\u0131r. Sahild\u0259ki a\u011faclar onun kiprikl\u0259ri, \u0259trafdak\u0131 me\u015f\u0259lik, t\u0259p\u0259l\u0259r v\u0259 qayal\u0131qlar onun yuxar\u0131 qalxan qa\u015flar\u0131d\u0131r\u201d [21].<\/p>\n R.Emerson h\u0259r bir f\u0259rdi kainat haqq\u0131nda \u00f6z \u015f\u0259xsi anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 inki\u015faf etdirm\u0259y\u0259 t\u0259\u015fviq etm\u0259k ist\u0259yirdi. Y\u0259ni insanlar Tanr\u0131n\u0131 d\u0259rk etm\u0259li v\u0259 t\u0259bi\u0259tl\u0259 birl\u0259\u015fm\u0259lidirl\u0259r. O, t\u0259bi\u0259tl\u0259 insanlar aras\u0131nda \u0259laq\u0259 tapan daha yax\u015f\u0131 bir h\u0259yat t\u0259rzi olan suyu \u0259sas g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u0259r\u0259k, t\u0259svir etm\u0259k ist\u0259yir v\u0259 \u00fcmumb\u0259\u015f\u0259ri birlik konsepsiyas\u0131n\u0131 ir\u0259li s\u00fcrm\u0259y\u0259 \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rd\u0131. R.Emerson su – insan, su – t\u0259bi\u0259t v\u0259 Tanr\u0131 aras\u0131nda birba\u015fa \u0259laq\u0259 g\u00f6r\u00fcrd\u00fc. Emerson \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn t\u0259bi\u0259t Tanr\u0131 deyil, Tanr\u0131n\u0131n ruhunun b\u0259d\u0259nidir [9].<\/p>\n Amerikan filosof R.Emersonun \u201cT\u0259bi\u0259t\u201d essesind\u0259 t\u0259bi\u0259t\u0259 qeyri-\u0259n\u0259n\u0259vi qiym\u0259t ver\u0259n bir ideya olan transsendentalizmin \u0259sas\u0131 qoyulub. \u0130qlim d\u0259yi\u015fiklikl\u0259ri v\u0259 qeyri-m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259nlikl\u0259 \u00fczl\u0259\u015f\u0259n d\u00fcnyada R.Emersonun yaz\u0131lar\u0131 sakitl\u0259\u015fdirici ola bil\u0259r. Bel\u0259 ki, R.Emerson yaz\u0131rd\u0131: \u201cT\u0259bi\u0259tin h\u00fczurunda insan \u0259sl k\u0259d\u0259rin\u0259 baxmayaraq v\u0259h\u015fi bir h\u0259zz al\u0131r. T\u0259bi\u0259t deyir ki, o, m\u0259nim m\u0259xluqumdur v\u0259 b\u00fct\u00fcn k\u0259d\u0259rl\u0259rini aradan qald\u0131rsa, m\u0259niml\u0259 sevin\u0259c\u0259k\u201d [9].<\/p>\n R.Emerson transsendentalizm f\u0259ls\u0259f\u0259sind\u0259 Tanr\u0131n\u0131n t\u0259bi\u0259td\u0259 m\u00f6vcud oldu\u011funa v\u0259 t\u0259bi\u0259ti t\u0259hlil etm\u0259kl\u0259 reall\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u0259rk ed\u0259 bil\u0259c\u0259yin\u0259 inan\u0131r.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n Canl\u0131 h\u0259yat\u0131n ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 Yer planetind\u0259 su vacib ya\u015fam elementidir. Su s\u00fclh, bar\u0131\u015f quruculu\u011funda g\u00fccl\u00fc bir vasit\u0259dir. Buna g\u00f6r\u0259 d\u0259 hidrodiplomatiya ortaq su ehtiyatlar\u0131n\u0131n effektiv, davaml\u0131 v\u0259 \u0259dal\u0259tli idar\u0259 olunmas\u0131n\u0131 t\u0259min etm\u0259k, milli suverenlikl\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 maraqlar\u0131 tarazla\u015fd\u0131rmaq v\u0259 eyni zamanda \u00fcmumi resurslar\u0131 payla\u015fan \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rl\u0259 regional \u0259m\u0259kda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00fccl\u0259ndirm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn vasit\u0259dir. Hidrodiplomatiya vasit\u0259l\u0259rinin geni\u015f spektri bel\u0259dir: 1) Su il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 birg\u0259 platformalar\u0131n yarad\u0131lmas\u0131 v\u0259 ya dialoq; 2) Su haqq\u0131nda m\u0259lumat m\u00fcbadil\u0259sin\u0259 imkan ver\u0259n; 3) Ortaq suyun birg\u0259 idar\u0259 edilm\u0259sin\u0259 dair raz\u0131la\u015fmaya g\u0259tirib \u00e7\u0131xaran birg\u0259 i\u015f\u00e7i qruplar\u0131n\u0131n t\u0259\u015fkili; 4) Su resurslar\u0131na dair qar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ql\u0131 \u0259m\u0259kda\u015fl\u0131q [14].<\/p>\n Hidrodiplomatiyada “mavi s\u00fclh” n\u0259dir: \u201cSuyun potensial m\u00fcnaqi\u015f\u0259 m\u0259nb\u0259yind\u0259n \u0259m\u0259kda\u015fl\u0131q v\u0259 s\u00fclh \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn potensial al\u0259t\u0259 \u00e7evrilm\u0259si Mavi S\u00fclhT\u0259\u015f\u0259bb\u00fcs\u00fc mandat\u0131n\u0131n \u0259sas\u0131n\u0131 t\u0259\u015fkil edir. Suyun davaml\u0131 regional sosio-iqtisadi inki\u015faf\u0131n, sabitliyin v\u0259 s\u00fclh\u00fcn t\u0259minat\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 kimi yerl\u0259\u015fdirilm\u0259si, cari v\u0259 g\u0259l\u0259c\u0259k b\u00f6hranlara qar\u015f\u0131 regional dayan\u0131ql\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n t\u0259mini, b\u00fct\u00fcn \u0259halinin ya\u015fay\u0131\u015f vasit\u0259l\u0259rini, insanlar\u0131n rifah\u0131n\u0131 d\u0259st\u0259kl\u0259m\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn m\u0259qbul keyfiyy\u0259td\u0259 kifay\u0259t q\u0259d\u0259r suya davaml\u0131 \u00e7\u0131x\u0131\u015f\u0131 t\u0259min etm\u0259k imkan\u0131n\u0131n oldu\u011fu Orta Asiyan\u0131 su ehtiyatlar\u0131 il\u0259 t\u0259min etm\u0259kdir. H\u0259m\u00e7inin sosioiqtisadi inki\u015fafda suyun \u00e7irkl\u0259nm\u0259si v\u0259 su il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 x\u0259st\u0259likl\u0259rd\u0259n, su f\u0259lak\u0259tl\u0259rind\u0259n ekosisteml\u0259ri s\u00fclh v\u0259 sabitlik \u015f\u0259raitind\u0259 qorumaqd\u0131r\u201d [19].<\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n “Su diplomatiyas\u0131”, “su m\u00fcnaqi\u015f\u0259l\u0259ri\u201d, “su m\u00fcharib\u0259l\u0259ri\u201d problemind\u0259n b\u0259hs ed\u0259rk\u0259n bu anlay\u0131\u015flar\u0131 birl\u0259\u015fdir\u0259n \u201cf\u0259lak\u0259t diplomatiyas\u0131\u201d terminin\u0259 d\u0259 n\u0259z\u0259r salaq. Bel\u0259 ki, \u201cf\u0259lak\u0259t diplomatiyas\u0131\u201d \u2013 quraql\u0131q diplomatiyas\u0131 v\u0259 s. m\u0259nalar\u0131 birl\u0259\u015fdirir. Bu aspektd\u0259n d\u0259 \u201cquraql\u0131q diplomatiyas\u0131\u201d n\u0259dir? Buna misal olaraq qeyd ed\u0259k: \u201cD\u00fcnyan\u0131n \u0259n b\u00f6y\u00fck duzsuzla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259n olan \u0130srail v\u0259 d\u00fcnyan\u0131n \u0259n \u00e7ox su \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131 olan \u0130ordaniya aras\u0131nda 2021-ci ild\u0259 imzalanan m\u00fcqavil\u0259y\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259, \u0130ordaniya \u0130sraild\u0259n su, \u0259v\u0259zind\u0259 is\u0259 \u0130srail \u0130ordaniyadan g\u00fcn\u0259\u015fd\u0259n g\u0259l\u0259n elektrik enerjisini al\u0131r. O d\u00f6vrd\u0259 \u0130ordaniya \u00f6z tarixind\u0259 \u0259n a\u011f\u0131r quraql\u0131q d\u00f6vr\u00fcn\u00fc ya\u015fay\u0131rd\u0131\u201d [5].<\/p>\n Bu m\u0259nada \u201csu \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u201d, yaxud \u201cquraql\u0131q\u201d t\u0259kc\u0259 ayr\u0131-ayr\u0131 \u015f\u0259xsl\u0259r deyil, mill\u0259tl\u0259r v\u0259 \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259r t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n d\u0259 hiss olunur. Az\u0259rbaycan da a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 ax\u0131n \u00f6lk\u0259si olaraq bu kimi probleml\u0259rl\u0259 \u00fczl\u0259\u015fir. Bu m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259d\u0259 \u00f6n\u0259mli yol: birincisi, \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259r aras\u0131nda strateji anla\u015fmaya, \u0259m\u0259kda\u015fl\u0131\u011fa dair plan olmal\u0131d\u0131r; ikincisi, su diplomatiyas\u0131 bu istiqam\u0259td\u0259 vacib sah\u0259dir; \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fcs\u00fc, burada yerli icmalar v\u0259 ya h\u00f6kum\u0259tl\u0259raras\u0131 \u0259laq\u0259l\u0259r d\u0259 yarad\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r; d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fcs\u00fc, ekspert v\u0259 m\u00fcvafiq m\u00fct\u0259x\u0259ssisl\u0259rin i\u015ftirak\u0131 il\u0259 probleml\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 layih\u0259l\u0259r haz\u0131rlan\u0131b geni\u015f ictimaiyy\u0259t\u0259 t\u0259qdim edilm\u0259lidir; be\u015fincisi, q\u0259rarlar, h\u0259tta m\u00fcqavil\u0259l\u0259r q\u0259bul olunmal\u0131d\u0131r v\u0259 s.<\/p>\n Beyn\u0259lxalq ictimaiyy\u0259t su t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259sizliyi v\u0259 bundan meydana \u00e7\u0131xan geosiyasi m\u00fcnaqi\u015f\u0259, g\u0259rginlik, h\u0259tta bel\u0259 des\u0259k, \u201csoyuq m\u00fcharib\u0259\u201d \u015f\u0259raitind\u0259 yeni bir \u0259sr\u0259 – \u201chidrodiplomatiya\u201d m\u00fchitin\u0259 daxil olmu\u015fdur [15]. D\u00fcnyada h\u0259m t\u0259bii f\u0259lak\u0259tl\u0259r, h\u0259m d\u0259 insan t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n yaranan g\u0259rginlikl\u0259r su t\u0259minat\u0131 il\u0259 \u0259laq\u0259dar sosio-iqtisadi probleml\u0259r h\u0259m lokal, h\u0259m regional, h\u0259m d\u0259 beyn\u0259lxalq m\u00fcst\u0259vid\u0259 ziddiyy\u0259tl\u0259r\u0259, ixtilaflara z\u0259min yarada bil\u0259r. 2005-206-c\u0131 ill\u0259rd\u0259 BMT Ba\u015f M\u0259clisinin prezidenti, 2012-2016-c\u0131 ill\u0259rd\u0259 BMT Ba\u015f katibinin m\u00fcavini olmu\u015f Yan Eliasson x\u0259b\u0259rdarl\u0131q edib ki: \u201cSu \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015f\u0259xsi faci\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 s\u0259b\u0259b olur, lakin h\u0259m d\u0259 t\u0259dric\u0259n beyn\u0259lxalq s\u00fclh v\u0259 t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259sizlik \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn t\u0259hdid\u0259 \u00e7evrilir. Bu g\u00fcn hidrodiplomatiyaya t\u0259l\u0259bat yaran\u0131b: su \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131 m\u00fcnaqi\u015f\u0259 m\u0259nb\u0259yi \u0259v\u0259zin\u0259, \u0259m\u0259kda\u015fl\u0131q \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn stimul olmal\u0131d\u0131r\u201d. BMT-nin m\u0259lumat\u0131na g\u00f6r\u0259, 2030-cu ild\u0259 qlobal miqyasda i\u00e7m\u0259li su \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131 planet \u0259halisinin \u00fc\u00e7d\u0259 ikisini \u0259hat\u0259 ed\u0259c\u0259k [6].<\/p>\n Bu kontekstd\u0259 \u201chidrologiya\u201d anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131na da diqq\u0259t yetir\u0259k. Hidrologiya \u2013 t\u0259bii sular\u0131, onlarda ged\u0259n hadis\u0259l\u0259ri v\u0259 prosesl\u0259ri \u00f6yr\u0259n\u0259n elmdir. Hidrologiya su obyektl\u0259rinin \u00f6yr\u0259nm\u0259 metodlar\u0131n\u0131n spesifik x\u00fcsusiyy\u0259tl\u0259ri il\u0259 \u0259laq\u0259dar \u201cokeanologiya\u201d (okean v\u0259 d\u0259niz hidrologiyas\u0131) v\u0259 qurunun hidrologiyas\u0131 (qurunun s\u0259th sular\u0131), \u201cpotamologiya\u201d (\u00e7aylar\u0131n hidrologiyas\u0131), \u201climnologiya\u201d (g\u00f6l\u015f\u00fcnasl\u0131q) v\u0259 \u201cqlyasiologiya\u201d (bataql\u0131q\u015f\u00fcnasl\u0131q) sah\u0259l\u0259rini t\u0259dqiq ed\u0259n sah\u0259vi elml\u0259rdir [13].<\/p>\n Su diplomatiyas\u0131ndan b\u0259hs ed\u0259rk\u0259n bir m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259y\u0259 d\u0259 diqq\u0259t y\u00f6n\u0259ld\u0259k: Akvakultura n\u0259dir? Akvakultura (lat\u0131nca – su, kultus – yeti\u015fdirm\u0259k, bec\u0259rm\u0259k), y\u0259ni su m\u00fchitind\u0259 faydal\u0131 orqanizml\u0259rin \u2013 yosun, x\u0259r\u00e7\u0259ng, molyuska, bal\u0131q v\u0259 s. yeti\u015fdirilm\u0259sidir [8; 15].<\/p>\n XXI \u0259srd\u0259 qlobal probleml\u0259rin geosiyas\u0259t\u0259, geoiqtisadiyyata, beyn\u0259lxalq m\u00fcnasib\u0259tl\u0259r\u0259, geom\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259t\u0259 t\u0259siri daha da g\u00fccl\u0259nm\u0259kd\u0259dir. Bu m\u0259nada d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259raras\u0131 m\u00fcnasib\u0259tl\u0259rd\u0259 t\u0259bi\u0259tin, daha \u00e7ox da suyun ekoloji \u00e7irkl\u0259nm\u0259si, insan t\u0259siri n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 iqlim d\u0259yi\u015fiklikl\u0259ri, kosmik f\u0259zadan istifad\u0259 v\u0259 s. bu kimi faktorlar\u0131 g\u00f6st\u0259rm\u0259k olar. Bu amill\u0259r d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259rin h\u0259tta birinin dig\u0259rin\u0259 t\u0259zyiq vasit\u0259si kimi d\u0259 \u0259sas geosiyasi al\u0259tin\u0259 \u00e7evrilib.<\/p>\n Bu bax\u0131mdan i\u00e7m\u0259li su problemi d\u0259 d\u00fcnyan\u0131n geosiyasi m\u00fcnasib\u0259tl\u0259rind\u0259 \u00e7ox vacib yeri olan m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259dir. Su \u00e7ox qiym\u0259tli s\u0259rv\u0259tdir. \u0130nsan b\u0259d\u0259nind\u0259 su oksigend\u0259n sonra ikinci yeri tutur. Qan\u0131n 92 faizini su t\u0259\u015fkil edir. Beynin 75, s\u00fcm\u00fckl\u0259rin 22 faizi sudur [14]. Yem\u0259ksiz 2 ayad\u0259k, susuz c\u0259mi bir ne\u00e7\u0259 g\u00fcn ya\u015famaq m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n Beyn\u0259lxalq m\u00fcst\u0259vid\u0259 su resurslar\u0131ndan geosiyasi vasit\u0259 kimi istifad\u0259 “su geodiplomatiyas\u0131\u201d, \u201csu m\u00fcharib\u0259si, \u201csu m\u00fcnaqi\u015f\u0259si\u201d kimi anlay\u0131\u015flar\u0131 meydana \u00e7\u0131xarm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. H\u0259tta bel\u0259 bir aforizm d\u0259 var: \u201cD\u00fcnyadak\u0131 \u0259n g\u00fccl\u00fc su qad\u0131nlar\u0131n g\u00f6z ya\u015flar\u0131d\u0131r\u201d. T\u0259bii ki, bu bar\u0131\u015f, s\u00fclh\u0259 \u00fcnvanlanan \u201csevinc g\u00f6z ya\u015f\u0131\u201d m\u0259nas\u0131nda deyilir. Bel\u0259 ki, 44 g\u00fcnl\u00fck V\u0259t\u0259n m\u00fcharib\u0259sind\u0259 Erm\u0259nistan t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n i\u015f\u011fal edilmi\u015f Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n t\u0259bii su ehtiyat\u0131n\u0131n – Suqovu\u015fan\u0131n azad edilm\u0259si \u201csu m\u00fcharib\u0259si\u201d idi. X\u0259z\u0259r sular\u0131 u\u011frunda da X\u0259z\u0259ryan\u0131 d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259r aras\u0131nda daima \u201csoyuq m\u00fcnaqi\u015f\u0259\u201d gedir.<\/p>\n XXI \u0259srd\u0259 \u0259hali art\u0131m\u0131, qlobal istilik v\u0259 su siyas\u0259ti getdikc\u0259 aktualla\u015f\u0131r. Art\u0131q d\u00fcnyada \u201csu miqrasiyas\u0131\u201d da ba\u015flay\u0131b. D\u00fcnyada art\u0131q el\u0259 d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259r var ki, \u0259razisi quraql\u0131qd\u0131r, su ehtiyatlar\u0131 t\u00fck\u0259nib v\u0259 ya t\u00fck\u0259nm\u0259k \u00fczr\u0259dir. T\u0259dqiqatlara g\u00f6r\u0259, 2030-cu ild\u0259 art\u0131q d\u00fcnyada 500 milyon insan \u201csu qa\u00e7q\u0131n\u0131\u201d olacaqd\u0131r.<\/p>\n Qlobal d\u00fcnyada \u201csu hasar\u0131\u201d m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259si diplomatik m\u00f6vzularda \u0259sas yer tutur. Suyun b\u0259rab\u0259r paylanmas\u0131 m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259si d\u0259 XXI \u0259srd\u0259 \u00e7ox aktuald\u0131r. H\u0259m\u00e7inin, XXI \u0259srd\u0259 virtual su m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259si d\u0259 meydana \u00e7\u0131x\u0131b. Bu konsepsiya XX \u0259srin 90-c\u0131 ill\u0259rind\u0259 Con Entoni Allan t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n yarad\u0131lm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Bel\u0259 ki, suyun \u0259sas hiss\u0259si istehsal resurslar\u0131 t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n s\u0259rf edilir. Art\u0131q su da iqtisadi-ticari diplomatiya vasit\u0259si olub. Virtual su \u2013 t\u0259miz su eksportudur.<\/p>\n Su geosiyasi diplomatiyas\u0131nda bir amil d\u0259 kvazim\u00fcst\u0259ml\u0259k\u0259\u00e7ilikdir Y\u0259ni su h\u0259tta icar\u0259y\u0259 d\u0259 verilir.<\/p>\n \u00d6lk\u0259l\u0259r aras\u0131nda su m\u00fcnaqi\u015f\u0259l\u0259rinin yaranmas\u0131nda beyn\u0259lxalq h\u00fcquqda vahid yana\u015fma v\u0259 universal normalar yoxdur. Bu da \u201csu m\u00fcharib\u0259si\u201dnin yaranmas\u0131nda m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n rol oynay\u0131r.<\/p>\n Bir s\u0131ra hadis\u0259l\u0259rin b\u00f6hrana \u00e7evrilm\u0259si il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 h\u0259tta proqnozlar da g\u00f6st\u0259rirl\u0259r. AB\u015e M\u0259rk\u0259zi K\u0259\u015ffiyyat \u0130dar\u0259sinin yayd\u0131\u011f\u0131 “2030-cu il\u0259d\u0259k qlobal tendensiyalar: alternativ d\u00fcnyalar\u201d adl\u0131 t\u0259hlild\u0259 g\u00f6st\u0259rilir ki, 2030-cu il\u0259d\u0259k su resurslar\u0131 u\u011frunda d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259raras\u0131 qar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ql\u0131 m\u00fcnasib\u0259tl\u0259rd\u0259 toqqu\u015fmalar\u0131n ba\u015f verm\u0259si qa\u00e7\u0131lmazd\u0131r [6].<\/p>\n XX \u0259srin sonunda art\u0131q d\u00fcnyada \u00e7oxsayl\u0131 qaynar n\u00f6qt\u0259l\u0259r meydana \u00e7\u0131xm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. B\u0259z\u0259n su kontekstind\u0259 ba\u015f ver\u0259n m\u00fcnaqi\u015f\u0259l\u0259r b\u00f6y\u00fck konflikt\u0259 s\u0259b\u0259b yarad\u0131r. Geosiyasi, dini m\u00fcxt\u0259liflik, etnik f\u0259rqlilikl\u0259rd\u0259n yaranan m\u00fchitd\u0259 su resurslar\u0131 bel\u0259 prosesl\u0259rd\u0259 toqqu\u015fmalar\u0131n \u0259sas arqumenti ola bil\u0259r. XX \u0259srd\u0259 neftin d\u00fcnyada oynad\u0131\u011f\u0131 apar\u0131c\u0131 rolu XXI \u0259srd\u0259 su resursu da\u015f\u0131y\u0131r. BMT-nin ke\u00e7mi\u015f Ba\u015f katibi Butros Qali h\u0259l\u0259 1989-cu ild\u0259 AB\u015e Konqresind\u0259 m\u0259ruz\u0259sind\u0259 Yax\u0131n \u015e\u0259rqd\u0259ki bir n\u00f6vb\u0259ti \u201csoyuq m\u00fcharib\u0259\u201dnin neft u\u011frunda yox, su \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn apar\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 qeyd etmi\u015fdi. XXI \u0259srd\u0259 \u201cinformasiya m\u00fcharib\u0259si\u201dnd\u0259n dan\u0131\u015fanda unutmayaq ki, \u201csu m\u00fcharib\u0259si\u201d ondan daha \u00e7ox t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259li, h\u0259yat da\u011f\u0131d\u0131c\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n “Su b\u0259lk\u0259 d\u0259 m\u00fcharib\u0259l\u0259r \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn s\u0259b\u0259b olmaya bil\u0259r, ancaq m\u0259qs\u0259d m\u00fcharib\u0259 t\u00f6r\u0259tm\u0259k olduqda “su vuru\u015fmas\u0131\u201d b\u0259han\u0259 olmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn kifay\u0259tdir. Ehtimal etm\u0259k olar ki, qlobal g\u00fccl\u0259rin maraqlar\u0131n\u0131n toqqu\u015fdu\u011fu XXI \u0259srd\u0259 su toqqu\u015fmalar\u0131 n\u0259inki diplomatik vasit\u0259, h\u0259tta geodiplomatik yeni silah hesab edil\u0259c\u0259kdir. Buna g\u00f6r\u0259 d\u0259 d\u00fcnyada m\u00fcnaqi\u015f\u0259 yaratmaq ist\u0259y\u0259n b\u00fct\u00fcn g\u00fccl\u0259rin \u201csu m\u00fcharib\u0259l\u0259ri\u201d, y\u0259ni \u201cyeni soyuq m\u00fcharib\u0259 modeli\u201dnin strategiyalar\u0131 yaranacaqd\u0131r. M\u0259hz bu \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcd\u0259n yana\u015fd\u0131qda XXI \u0259srin tarix\u0259 “su m\u00fcharib\u0259l\u0259ri \u0259sri\u201d ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda d\u00fc\u015fm\u0259si d\u0259 yax\u0131n g\u0259l\u0259c\u0259kd\u0259 bir reall\u0131qd\u0131r.<\/p>\n BMT Ba\u015f Assambleyas\u0131n\u0131n 22 dekabr 1992-ci il tarixind\u0259 q\u0259bul etdiyi 47\/193 n\u00f6mr\u0259li q\u0259tnam\u0259y\u0259 \u0259sas\u0259n 22 mart tarixi “\u00dcmumd\u00fcnya su resurslar\u0131 g\u00fcn\u00fc” elan edilmi\u015fdir [14].<\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n B\u0259s Az\u0259rbaycanda bu problem h\u00fcquqi-siyasi anlamda nec\u0259dir? Az\u0259rbaycan Respublikas\u0131 Konstitusiyas\u0131n\u0131n \u201c\u018frazi\u201d adlanan 11-ci madd\u0259sinin II b\u0259ndind\u0259 yaz\u0131l\u0131b: \u201cAz\u0259rbaycan Respublikas\u0131n\u0131n daxili sular\u0131, X\u0259z\u0259r d\u0259nizinin (g\u00f6l\u00fcn\u00fcn) Az\u0259rbaycan Respublikas\u0131na m\u0259nsub olan b\u00f6lm\u0259si, Az\u0259rbaycan Respublikas\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259ki hava m\u0259kan\u0131 Az\u0259rbaycan Respublikas\u0131 \u0259razisinin t\u0259rkib hiss\u0259sidir\u201d [1; 7]. \u201cSa\u011flam \u0259traf m\u00fchitd\u0259 ya\u015famaq h\u00fcququ\u201d adlanan 39-cu madd\u0259nin III b\u0259ndind\u0259 is\u0259 bu ifad\u0259l\u0259r \u0259ksini tap\u0131b: \u201cH\u0259r k\u0259s \u0259traf m\u00fchit\u0259, t\u0259bii ehtiyatlara qanunla m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n edilmi\u015f h\u0259dl\u0259rd\u0259n art\u0131q t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259 t\u00f6r\u0259d\u0259 v\u0259 ya z\u0259r\u0259r vura bilm\u0259z\u201d [1; 16]. El\u0259c\u0259 d\u0259 \u201c\u018ftraf m\u00fchitin qorunmas\u0131\u201d adlanan 78-ci madd\u0259d\u0259 qeyd edilir: \u201c\u018ftraf m\u00fchitin qorunmas\u0131 h\u0259r bir \u015f\u0259xsin borcudur\u201d [1; 27].<\/p>\n Az\u0259rbaycan Respublikas\u0131n\u0131n Su M\u0259c\u0259ll\u0259sind\u0259 deyilir: \u201cAz\u0259rbaycan Respublikas\u0131n\u0131n daxili sular\u0131, X\u0259z\u0259r d\u0259nizinin (g\u00f6l\u00fcn\u00fcn) Az\u0259rbaycan Respublikas\u0131na m\u0259nsub olan b\u00f6lm\u0259si Az\u0259rbaycan xalq\u0131n\u0131n milli s\u0259rv\u0259tidir, \u0259halinin h\u0259yat v\u0259 f\u0259aliyy\u0259tinin \u0259sas\u0131 kimi istifad\u0259 edilir v\u0259 qorunur, flora v\u0259 faunan\u0131n m\u00f6vcudlu\u011funu t\u0259min edir\u201d [2]. Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n transs\u0259rh\u0259d \u00e7aylar\u0131 qon\u015fu t\u0259cav\u00fczkar Erm\u0259nistan t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n 30 illik i\u015f\u011fal d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259 z\u0259h\u0259rli madd\u0259l\u0259rl\u0259 daim \u00e7irkl\u0259ndirilirdi. Bu n\u00f6qteyi-n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259n aidiyy\u0259ti \u00fczr\u0259 b\u00fct\u00fcn beyn\u0259lxalq t\u0259\u015fkilatlara m\u00fcvafiq aray\u0131\u015flar g\u00f6nd\u0259rils\u0259 d\u0259, Erm\u0259nistan\u0131n bu h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259tin\u0259 he\u00e7 bir reaksiya g\u00f6st\u0259rilmir. Erm\u0259nistan\u0131n Az\u0259rbaycana y\u00f6n\u0259lik h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259ti \u201csu m\u00fcnaqi\u015f\u0259si\u201ddir.<\/p>\n Az\u0259rbaycanda su ehtiyatlar\u0131n\u0131n inteqrasiyal\u0131 idar\u0259si \u00fczr\u0259 Milli Siyas\u0259t Dialoqlar\u0131 su ehtiyatlar\u0131n\u0131n idar\u0259 edilm\u0259sind\u0259 Avropa \u0130ttifaq\u0131n\u0131n Su \u00c7\u0259r\u00e7iv\u0259 Direktivinin v\u0259 BMT Avropa \u0130qtisadi Komissiyas\u0131n\u0131n \u201cS\u0259rh\u0259dd\u0259n ke\u00e7\u0259n su ax\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n\u201d, \u201cBeyn\u0259lxalq g\u00f6ll\u0259rin m\u00fchafiz\u0259si v\u0259 istifad\u0259si \u00fczr\u0259\u201d Konvensiyan\u0131n, \u201cSu v\u0259 Sa\u011flaml\u0131q\u201d protokolunun, el\u0259c\u0259 d\u0259 BMT v\u0259 A\u0130-nin dig\u0259r prinsipl\u0259rin\u0259 \u0259saslanan d\u00f6vl\u0259t strategiyas\u0131n\u0131n haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131na y\u00f6n\u0259lmi\u015fdir. Konvensiyan\u0131n i\u015ftirak\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 kimi Az\u0259rbaycan konvensiya t\u0259l\u0259bl\u0259rinin icras\u0131na nail olmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn f\u0259al \u0259m\u0259kda\u015fl\u0131q n\u00fcmayi\u015f etdirir [2].<\/p>\n Az\u0259rbaycan Respublikas\u0131n\u0131n Milli M\u0259clisi t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n \u201cBiom\u00fcxt\u0259liflik haqq\u0131nda Konvensiya\u201d 14 mart 2000-ci il tarixind\u0259 ratifikasiya edilmi\u015f [8], 2000-ci ilin yanvar\u0131nda is\u0259 Monrealda Bioloji M\u00fcxt\u0259liflik Haqq\u0131nda Konvensiyaya \u0259lav\u0259 Protokol q\u0259bul edilmi\u015fdir [22]. Bu, BMT-nin Biom\u00fcxt\u0259lifliyin qorunmas\u0131 \u00fczr\u0259 \u0259sas qurumudur. Az\u0259rbaycan 1999-cu ild\u0259 bu konvensiyaya qo\u015fulmu\u015fdur. Bu, \u0259traf m\u00fchit h\u00fcquqlar\u0131 il\u0259 insan h\u00fcquqlar\u0131n\u0131 birl\u0259\u015fdir\u0259n m\u00fcqavil\u0259dir v\u0259 x\u00fcsusil\u0259 d\u0259 maarifl\u0259ndirici xarakterlidir. Az\u0259rbaycan bu konvensiyalara qo\u015fulduqdan sonra 2001-ci ild\u0259 Bioloji M\u00fcxt\u0259lifliyin Genetik ehtiyatlar \u00fczr\u0259 D\u00f6vl\u0259t Komissiyas\u0131 yarad\u0131ld\u0131 v\u0259 2002-ci ild\u0259 m\u00fcvafiq Strategiya v\u0259 F\u0259aliyy\u0259t Plan\u0131 haz\u0131rland\u0131. 7 dekabr 2009-cu il tarixind\u0259 BMT Danimarkan\u0131n Kopenhagen \u015f\u0259h\u0259rind\u0259 Biom\u00fcxt\u0259lifliyin m\u00fchafiz\u0259si v\u0259 qlobal istil\u0259\u015fm\u0259 il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 \u0130qlim Sammiti ke\u00e7irdi. Sammitd\u0259 2010-cu il \u201cBeyn\u0259lxalq biom\u00fcxt\u0259liflik ili\u201d elan edildi. H\u0259r il may\u0131n 22-si \u201cBiom\u00fcxt\u0259liflik G\u00fcn\u00fc\u201d kimi Az\u0259rbaycanda da qeyd olunur [4].<\/p>\n Yuxar\u0131da qeyd edil\u0259n konvensiyalar\u0131n imzalanmas\u0131 Ulu \u00f6nd\u0259r Heyd\u0259r \u018fliyev siyas\u0259tinin reall\u0131qlar\u0131, Prezident \u0130lham \u018fliyevin davaml\u0131 inki\u015faf strategiyas\u0131n\u0131n \u0259sas x\u0259ttidir. Birinci vitse-prezident Mehriban xan\u0131m \u018fliyevan\u0131n da f\u0259aliyy\u0259tind\u0259 bu siyas\u0259td\u0259n ir\u0259li g\u0259l\u0259r\u0259k 2019-cu ild\u0259 \u201cN\u0259simi ili\u201d \u00e7\u0259r\u00e7iv\u0259sind\u0259 \u00f6lk\u0259d\u0259 650 min a\u011fac\u0131n \u0259kilm\u0259si bir n\u00fcmun\u0259dir. Heyd\u0259r \u018fliyev Fondunun vitse-prezidenti Leyla \u018fliyevan\u0131n r\u0259hb\u0259rliyi il\u0259 \u0130DEA t\u0259\u015fkilat\u0131n\u0131n \u201cH\u0259r\u0259y\u0259 bir a\u011fac!\u201d v\u0259 \u201cHeyvanlar\u0131 qoruyaq!\u201d kampaniyalar\u0131 da bu s\u0131radand\u0131r. H\u0259m\u00e7inin, B\u018f\u018f-nin Dubay \u015f\u0259h\u0259rind\u0259 2023-c\u00fc il dekabr\u0131n 4-d\u0259 ke\u00e7iril\u0259n COP-28 t\u0259dbirind\u0259 \u201cQad\u0131nlar t\u0259r\u0259qqiy\u0259 liderlik edir: Su v\u0259 Dayan\u0131ql\u0131 \u0130nki\u015faf M\u0259qs\u0259dl\u0259ri\u201d m\u00f6vzusunda panel iclasda Heyd\u0259r \u018fliyev Fondunun Prezidenti Leyla \u018fliyeva i\u015ftirak etmi\u015fdir. T\u0259dbird\u0259 davaml\u0131 su idar\u0259\u00e7iliyi \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn inkl\u00fcziv v\u0259 m\u0259lumatl\u0131 h\u0259ll\u0259rin t\u0259\u015fviqi m\u00fczakir\u0259 edilmi\u015fdir\u201d [11].<\/p>\n \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n \u00a0<\/strong>N\u0259tic\u0259<\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n Bel\u0259likl\u0259, XXI \u0259srin geosiyas\u0259tind\u0259 \u201csu diplomatiyas\u0131\u201d \u00f6z\u00fcn\u0259m\u0259xsuslu\u011fu il\u0259 yeni soyuq \u201csilahd\u0131r\u201d. D\u00fcnyan\u0131n \u0259ks\u0259r \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 m\u0259h\u0259lli xarakterli \u201csu \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u201d zaman-zaman \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc b\u00fcruz\u0259 ver\u0259c\u0259kdir. Az\u0259rbaycan da yax\u0131n qon\u015fu d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259rl\u0259 \u201csu sava\u015f\u0131\u201d il\u0259 \u00fczl\u0259\u015fir.<\/p>\n D\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259raras\u0131 m\u00fcnasib\u0259tl\u0259rd\u0259 oldu\u011fu kimi, Az\u0259rbaycanda da rayon-k\u0259nd-q\u0259s\u0259b\u0259l\u0259raras\u0131 su \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131 hallar\u0131 m\u00fc\u015fahid\u0259 edilir v\u0259 h\u0259tta \u201csu davas\u0131\u201d da yaran\u0131r. Yax\u015f\u0131 olard\u0131 ki: a) b\u0259l\u0259diyy\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 \u201cSu \u0259laq\u0259l\u0259ndirici \u015euras\u0131\u201d yarad\u0131ls\u0131n; b) TV-l\u0259rd\u0259 \u201cSu v\u0259 h\u0259yat\u201d adl\u0131 m\u00fct\u0259madi verili\u015fl\u0259r haz\u0131rlans\u0131n; c) K\u00fc\u00e7\u0259 v\u0259 yollarda \u201cSuyu qoruyaq!\u201d \u015f\u00fcarlar\u0131 olan banerl\u0259r as\u0131ls\u0131n v\u0259 s.<\/p>\n Prezident \u0130lham \u018fliyev 2024-c\u00fc il oktyabr\u0131n 10-da \u201cSu ehtiyatlar\u0131ndan s\u0259m\u0259r\u0259li istifad\u0259y\u0259 dair Milli Strategiya\u201dn\u0131 t\u0259sdiq edib [17].<\/p>\n COP-29 Bak\u0131 Sammitind\u0259 \u201c\u0130qlim f\u0259aliyy\u0259ti \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn t\u0259qdimat v\u0259 \u0259m\u0259kda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n s\u00fcr\u0259tl\u0259ndirilm\u0259si\u201d m\u00f6vzusunda t\u0259dbirin \u0259sas x\u0259tti \u201c\u0130qlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyinin v\u0259 paradiqma d\u0259yi\u015fiklikl\u0259rinin transs\u0259rh\u0259d su idar\u0259\u00e7iliyin\u0259 t\u0259siri\u201d olmu\u015fdur [12].<\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u0130ST\u0130FAD\u018f ED\u0130LM\u0130\u015e \u018fD\u018fB\u0130YYAT <\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n Rena Mirzezadeh<\/strong><\/p>\n THE GEOPOLITICS OF WATER, GLOBAL WATER CRISIS <\/strong><\/p>\n AND HYDRODIPLOMACY AS A NEW SCIENTIFIC-POLITICAL <\/strong>AND LEGAL PARADIGM<\/strong><\/p>\n \u00a0<\/strong>Abstract<\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n This article explores the issues of water diplomacy in the global context, examining the concepts of water wars and conflicts, historical perspectives on the problem in public and scientific discourse, and the challenges of water scarcity and water-related laws. It analyzes legislation addressing water issues in modern Azerbaijan, highlighting various perspectives within the Republic and examining these issues from geopolitical and legal standpoints. The study incorporates relevant scientific literature, and official documents. Finally, the article provides recommendations on addressing water-related challenges.<\/p>\n Key words: <\/strong>water diplomacy, water conflict, biodiversity, aqua-biosecurity<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n \u0420\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u041c\u0438\u0440\u0437\u0435\u0437\u0430\u0434\u0435 <\/strong><\/p>\n \u0413\u0415\u041e\u041f\u041e\u041b\u0418\u0422\u0418\u041a\u0410 \u0412\u041e\u0414\u042b, \u0413\u041b\u041e\u0411\u0410\u041b\u042c\u041d\u042b\u0419 \u0412\u041e\u0414\u041d\u042b\u0419 \u041a\u0420\u0418\u0417\u0418\u0421 <\/strong>\u0418 \u0413\u0418\u0414\u0420\u041e\u0414\u0418\u041f\u041b\u041e\u041c\u0410\u0422\u0418\u042f \u041a\u0410\u041a \u041d\u041e\u0412\u0410\u042f \u041d\u0410\u0423\u0427\u041dO-\u041f\u041e\u041b\u0418\u0422\u0418\u0427\u0415\u0421\u041a\u0410\u042f<\/strong><\/p>\n \u0418 \u041f\u0420\u0410\u0412\u041e\u0412\u0410\u042f \u041f\u0410\u0420\u0410\u0414\u0418\u0413\u041c\u0410 <\/strong><\/p>\n \u00a0<\/strong>\u0420\u0435\u0437\u044e\u043c\u0435<\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u0412 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u044b \u0432\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u0438\u043f\u043b\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0438 \u0432 \u0433\u043b\u043e\u0431\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u0435, \u0434\u0435\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0442\u0430 \u0432\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0440\u0435\u0441\u0443\u0440\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430, \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441 \u0438\u0445 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c. \u0418\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u044b \u0432\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0432. \u0422\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0432 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0435 \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e-\u043d\u0430\u0443\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043a \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435.<\/p>\n \u0412 \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0437\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0430\u043a\u0442\u044b, \u043a\u0430\u0441\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435\u0441\u044f \u0432\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0440\u0435\u0441\u0443\u0440\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u0432 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0410\u0437\u0435\u0440\u0431\u0430\u0439\u0434\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0435, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043a \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435 \u0432 \u0440\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0435 \u0438 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441 \u043d\u0435\u0439 \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u044b \u0441 \u0433\u0435\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0442\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043a \u0437\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f. \u0412 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u044b \u0430\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0443\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438, \u0438 \u043e\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044b. \u0412 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0440\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u043e \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u044b.<\/p>\n \u041a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430:<\/strong> \u0432\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0434\u0438\u043f\u043b\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u044f, \u0432\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0442\u044b, \u0430\u043a\u0432\u0430-\u0438 \u0431\u0438\u043e\u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c, \u0431\u0438\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0438\u0435<\/p>\n\n
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<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"