Sosial T\u0259dqiqatlar M\u0259rk\u0259zi \u0130dar\u0259 Hey\u0259tinin\u00a0<\/em>\u00fczv\u00fc, professor <\/em><\/p>\n (Bak\u0131, Az\u0259rbaycan)<\/em><\/p>\n \u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n E-mail: t.allahyarova@stm.az<\/em><\/p>\n ORCID: 0000-0001-6491-0757<\/em><\/p>\n \u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n X\u00fclas\u0259. <\/strong>M\u0259qal\u0259d\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycanda ke\u00e7iril\u0259n qlobal COP29 t\u0259dbiri fonunda ilk d\u0259f\u0259 iqlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyi v\u0259 iqlim miqrasiyas\u0131, iqlim miqrantlar\u0131 v\u0259 iqlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyinin insan h\u00fcquqlar\u0131 m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259ri ara\u015fd\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. \u0130qlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyinin t\u0259sirind\u0259n yaranan insan ax\u0131n\u0131n\u0131n nec\u0259 adland\u0131r\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 terminoloji m\u00fczakir\u0259l\u0259rin, elmi v\u0259 h\u00fcquqi t\u0259rifl\u0259rin son v\u0259ziyy\u0259ti n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259n ke\u00e7irilir.<\/p>\n M\u0259qal\u0259d\u0259 qeyd olunur ki, qlobal istil\u0259\u015fm\u0259 v\u0259 iqlim b\u00f6hran\u0131 m\u00f6vcud b\u0259rab\u0259rsizlikl\u0259ri daha da g\u00fccl\u0259ndirir, inki\u015faf \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u0259sas h\u00fcquqlara t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259 yarad\u0131r, h\u0259yat, m\u0259nzil, su v\u0259 kanalizasiya, qida, sa\u011flaml\u0131q, inki\u015faf h\u00fcquqlar\u0131 da daxil olmaqla h\u00fcquqlar\u0131n h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irilm\u0259sin\u0259 birba\u015fa v\u0259 ya dolay\u0131 yolla m\u0259nfi t\u0259sir g\u00f6st\u0259rir. Qeyd olunur ki, iqliml\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 miqrasiya ki\u00e7ik ada d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259ri \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259 yarad\u0131r v\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan COP29-da ki\u00e7ik ada d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259ri m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259sini diqq\u0259t m\u0259rk\u0259zind\u0259 saxlay\u0131b.<\/p>\n M\u00fc\u0259llif 2024-c\u00fc ild\u0259 iqlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyi il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 A\u0130HM-d\u0259 m\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259 presedentinin yaranmas\u0131na, onun insan h\u00fcquqlar\u0131 sferas\u0131na k\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcr\u00fclm\u0259sin\u0259 v\u0259 insan h\u00fcquqlar\u0131n\u0131n yeni n\u0259slinin yarad\u0131lmas\u0131na t\u0259kan verilm\u0259sin\u0259 toxunub. Qeyd olunur ki, aliml\u0259r bu yax\u0131nlarda iqlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyinin ciddi n\u0259tic\u0259l\u0259rini, yax\u0131n onillikl\u0259rd\u0259 milyonlarla insan\u0131 evl\u0259rini t\u0259rk etm\u0259y\u0259 m\u0259cbur ed\u0259 bil\u0259c\u0259k t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259l\u0259ri proqnozla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131blar. Bununla bel\u0259, ixtisasla\u015fm\u0131\u015f beyn\u0259lxalq institut v\u0259 t\u0259\u015fkilatlarda, bir s\u0131ra d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259rd\u0259 yax\u0131nla\u015fan b\u00f6hranla m\u00fcbariz\u0259 aparmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn siyasi irad\u0259 v\u0259 h\u00fcquqi baza \u00e7at\u0131\u015fm\u0131r.<\/p>\n Yer k\u00fcr\u0259sinin inteqrasiya olunmu\u015f idar\u0259\u00e7iliyi \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn daha geni\u015f g\u00fcnd\u0259liyin bir hiss\u0259si olaraq iqlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyin\u0259 qlobal uy\u011funla\u015fman\u0131 h\u0259ll etm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn sistemli idar\u0259etm\u0259 v\u0259 t\u0259nziml\u0259yici siyas\u0259t islahatlar\u0131na ehtiyac var.<\/p>\n A\u00e7ar s\u00f6zl\u0259r: <\/strong>COP29, Az\u0259rbaycan, iqlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyi, iqlim qa\u00e7q\u0131nlar\u0131, iqlim miqrantlar\u0131, insan h\u00fcquqlar\u0131, terminoloji diskussiyalar, h\u00fcquqi presedentl\u0259r, qlobal tendensiyalar, perspektivl\u0259r, A\u0130HM<\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n Giri\u015f<\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u0130qlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyi insan h\u00fcquqlar\u0131 il\u0259 \u00e7ox s\u0131x ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r, \u00e7\u00fcnki bu, t\u0259kc\u0259 \u0259traf m\u00fchit\u0259 deyil, h\u0259m d\u0259 rifah v\u0259 inki\u015fafa, son n\u0259tic\u0259d\u0259 insanlar\u0131n ya\u015fam\u0131na t\u0259sir g\u00f6st\u0259rir. \u0130qlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyinin insan h\u00fcquqlar\u0131na t\u0259siri nisb\u0259t\u0259n son d\u00f6vr\u0259 t\u0259sad\u00fcf ets\u0259 d\u0259, beyn\u0259lxalq s\u0259viyy\u0259d\u0259 elmi v\u0259 ictimai r\u0259yd\u0259 q\u0259bul edilib.<\/p>\n \u0130qlim b\u00f6hran\u0131n\u0131n bu g\u00fcn b\u0259\u015f\u0259riyy\u0259t \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259li h\u0259dd\u0259 \u00e7atmas\u0131 h\u0259r bir insan\u0131n fundamental h\u00fcququnu – ya\u015famaq h\u00fcququnu pozur. BMT-nin \u0130nsan H\u00fcquqlar\u0131 \u00fczr\u0259 Ali Komissarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 siyas\u0259t\u00e7il\u0259r\u0259 h\u0259m indiki, h\u0259m d\u0259 g\u0259l\u0259c\u0259k n\u0259sill\u0259rin g\u0259l\u0259c\u0259yinin onlar\u0131n f\u0259aliyy\u0259tind\u0259n birba\u015fa as\u0131l\u0131 oldu\u011funu d\u0259rk etm\u0259y\u0259 \u00e7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnki he\u00e7 bir \u00f6lk\u0259 iqlimd\u0259 f\u00f6vq\u0259lad\u0259 hallar\u0131n n\u0259tic\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259n k\u0259narda durma\u011fa qadir deyil. Art\u0131q bu g\u00fcn t\u0259bii f\u0259lak\u0259tl\u0259r, quraql\u0131q v\u0259 da\u015fq\u0131nlar n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 insanlar evl\u0259rini, dolan\u0131\u015f\u0131q m\u0259nb\u0259l\u0259rini itirir, getdikc\u0259 daha \u00e7ox insan qa\u00e7q\u0131n olma\u011fa m\u0259cbur qal\u0131r. B\u0259rab\u0259rsizlik is\u0259 getdikc\u0259 daha da d\u0259rinl\u0259\u015fir.<\/p>\n BMT-nin m\u0259lumat\u0131na g\u00f6r\u0259, \u201ciqlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyi \u0130kinci D\u00fcnya m\u00fcharib\u0259sind\u0259n sonra insan h\u00fcquqlar\u0131na \u0259n ciddi t\u0259hdidl\u0259rd\u0259n biridir\u201d. Ali Komissar\u0131n b\u0259yanat\u0131nda deyilir ki, “s\u0259rh\u0259dl\u0259r iqlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyini dayand\u0131rmayacaq v\u0259 aqressiv mill\u0259t\u00e7ilik v\u0259 ya q\u0131sam\u00fcdd\u0259tli maliyy\u0259 maraqlar\u0131n\u0131n dikt\u0259 etdiyi he\u00e7 bir t\u0259dbir bizi n\u0259inki onun n\u0259tic\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259n qoruyacaq, \u0259ksin\u0259, iqlim f\u0259lak\u0259tini s\u00fcr\u0259tl\u0259ndir\u0259c\u0259k. \u0130qlim \u0259dal\u0259ti v\u0259 insan h\u00fcquqlar\u0131 u\u011frunda m\u00fcbariz\u0259 sad\u0259c\u0259 siyasi m\u00fczakir\u0259 m\u00f6vzusu deyil. Bu, art\u0131q yax\u015f\u0131 v\u0259 pis aras\u0131nda se\u00e7im dem\u0259kdir\u201d [31].<\/p>\n \u0130qlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyi b\u00fct\u00fcn sah\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259: m\u0259nzil, su v\u0259 t\u0259miz m\u00fchitd\u0259 ya\u015fama, qida, sa\u011flaml\u0131q, inki\u015faf, \u015f\u0259xsi t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259sizlik v\u0259 adekvat h\u0259yat s\u0259viyy\u0259si daxil olmaqla, insan h\u00fcquqlar\u0131n\u0131n h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irilm\u0259sin\u0259 birba\u015fa v\u0259 ya dolay\u0131s\u0131 yolla t\u0259sirini g\u00f6st\u0259rir. Bundan \u0259lav\u0259, iqlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyinin n\u0259tic\u0259l\u0259ri sosial b\u0259rab\u0259rsizlikl\u0259ri g\u00fccl\u0259ndirir, c\u0259miyy\u0259td\u0259 h\u0259ssas t\u0259b\u0259q\u0259l\u0259r\u0259, qruplara v\u0259 xalqlara qeyri-m\u00fct\u0259nasib \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 t\u0259sir g\u00f6st\u0259rir. \u0130qlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyinin qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n al\u0131nmas\u0131, a\u011f\u0131r n\u0259tic\u0259l\u0259rinin yum\u015fald\u0131lmas\u0131 v\u0259 ona uy\u011funla\u015fmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn effektiv cavab t\u0259dbirl\u0259ri h\u0259mr\u0259ylik, \u0259m\u0259kda\u015fl\u0131q, \u015f\u0259ffafl\u0131q, m\u0259lumat \u0259ld\u0259 etm\u0259k, i\u015ftirak, b\u0259rab\u0259rlik, \u0259dal\u0259t, hesabatl\u0131l\u0131q v\u0259 \u201c\u00e7irkl\u0259ndir\u0259n \u00f6d\u0259yir\u201d (polluter-pays) kimi beyn\u0259lxalq insan h\u00fcquqlar\u0131na, \u0259traf m\u00fchit standartlar\u0131na v\u0259 prinsipl\u0259rin\u0259 \u0259saslanmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n D\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259r t\u0259kc\u0259 iqlim t\u0259sirl\u0259rind\u0259n deyil, emissiyalar\u0131 azaltmaq v\u0259 ya iqlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyin\u0259 uy\u011funla\u015fmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u0259n t\u0259dbirl\u0259rd\u0259n yaranan insan h\u00fcquqlar\u0131 pozuntular\u0131n\u0131 da qorumaq m\u0259suliyy\u0259tin\u0259 malikdirl\u0259r.<\/p>\n \u0130qlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyinin insan h\u00fcquqlar\u0131na t\u0259siri son vaxtlar olsa da, beyn\u0259lxalq s\u0259viyy\u0259d\u0259 tan\u0131n\u0131r. 2005-ci ild\u0259 \u0130nuitl\u0259r \u0130nsan H\u00fcquqlar\u0131 \u00fczr\u0259 Amerikalararas\u0131 Komissiyaya petisiya t\u0259qdim ed\u0259r\u0259k, iqlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyinin Arktikan\u0131n yerli xalqlar\u0131n\u0131n h\u00fcquqlar\u0131na da\u011f\u0131d\u0131c\u0131 t\u0259sir g\u00f6st\u0259rdiyini iddia etdil\u0259r. Bu, insan h\u00fcquqlar\u0131 v\u0259 iqlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyi il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 bir s\u0131ra beyn\u0259lxalq \u0259lam\u0259tl\u0259rd\u0259n birincisi idi. 2008 v\u0259 2014-c\u00fc ill\u0259rd\u0259 BMT-nin \u0130nsan H\u00fcquqlar\u0131 \u015euras\u0131 iqlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyinin s\u0259b\u0259b oldu\u011fu ekoloji d\u0259yi\u015fiklikl\u0259rin insanlar\u0131n \u00f6z h\u00fcquqlar\u0131ndan istifad\u0259 etm\u0259sin\u0259 t\u0259sir g\u00f6st\u0259r\u0259c\u0259yini q\u0259bul etdi [16].<\/p>\n Prezident \u0130lham \u018fliyev \u201c\u0130qlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyi v\u0259 insan h\u00fcquqlar\u0131: ombudsmanlar\u0131n v\u0259 milli insan h\u00fcquqlar\u0131 t\u0259sisatlar\u0131n\u0131n rolu\u201d m\u00f6vzusunda t\u0259\u015fkil olunan Beyn\u0259lxalq Bak\u0131 Forumunun i\u015ftirak\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131na\u201d m\u00fcraci\u0259tind\u0259 deyib: \u201c\u0130qlim d\u0259yi\u015fm\u0259l\u0259ri b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rin davaml\u0131 inki\u015faf\u0131na v\u0259 t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259sizliyin\u0259 t\u0259hdid t\u00f6r\u0259d\u0259n qlobal probleml\u0259rd\u0259n biridir. Ancaq iqlim d\u0259yi\u015fm\u0259l\u0259ri yaln\u0131z d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259rin sosial-iqtisadi rifah\u0131na deyil, sad\u0259 insanlar\u0131n g\u00fcnd\u0259lik h\u0259yatlar\u0131na v\u0259 ya\u015fam t\u0259rzl\u0259rin\u0259 d\u0259 birba\u015fa v\u0259 ya dolay\u0131 yolla t\u0259sir g\u00f6st\u0259rir, \u0259sas insan h\u00fcquqlar\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fcdafi\u0259si v\u0259 t\u0259minat\u0131 bax\u0131m\u0131ndan bir s\u0131ra ciddi \u00e7\u0259tinlikl\u0259r yarad\u0131r. \u0130qlim d\u0259yi\u015fm\u0259l\u0259ri v\u0259 onlar\u0131n f\u0259sadlar\u0131 insanlar\u0131 ya\u015famaq, sa\u011flaml\u0131q, qida, t\u0259miz su, m\u0259nzil v\u0259 dig\u0259r h\u00fcquqlar\u0131n layiqinc\u0259 h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irilm\u0259sind\u0259n m\u0259hrum edir, habel\u0259 b\u0259rab\u0259rsizliyi d\u0259rinl\u0259\u015fdir\u0259r\u0259k h\u0259ssas \u0259hali qruplar\u0131n\u0131n h\u00fcquqlar\u0131n\u0131n t\u0259minat\u0131n\u0131 olduqca m\u00fcr\u0259kk\u0259bl\u0259\u015fdirir. \u0130nan\u0131ram ki, Forum iqlim d\u0259yi\u015fm\u0259l\u0259ri kontekstind\u0259 insan h\u00fcquqlar\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fcdafi\u0259si sah\u0259sind\u0259 yeni t\u0259\u015f\u0259bb\u00fcsl\u0259rin v\u0259 yana\u015fmalar\u0131n ir\u0259li s\u00fcr\u00fclm\u0259sin\u0259, bu h\u00fcquqlar\u0131n t\u0259minat\u0131na ciddi mane\u0259 yaradan hallarla m\u00fcbariz\u0259 istiqam\u0259tind\u0259 \u00fcmumi s\u0259yl\u0259rin birl\u0259\u015fdirilm\u0259sin\u0259 t\u00f6hf\u0259 ver\u0259c\u0259k, ombudsmanlar v\u0259 milli insan h\u00fcquqlar\u0131 t\u0259sisatlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda t\u0259r\u0259fda\u015fl\u0131q m\u00fcnasib\u0259tl\u0259rinin inki\u015faf\u0131na, qar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ql\u0131 t\u0259cr\u00fcb\u0259 v\u0259 fikir m\u00fcbadil\u0259sinin apar\u0131lmas\u0131na geni\u015f imkanlar a\u00e7acaqd\u0131r\u201d<\/em> [2].<\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u0130qlim \u0259sasl\u0131 miqrasiya \u0259n \u00e7ox ki\u00e7ik ada d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259ri \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259l\u0259r yarad\u0131r. COP 29-da Az\u0259rbaycan ki\u00e7ik ada d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259ri m\u00f6vzusunu x\u00fcsusi diqq\u0259t m\u0259rk\u0259zin\u0259 g\u0259tirdi. Az\u0259rbaycan d\u00f6vl\u0259ti COP29 \u00e7\u0259r\u00e7iv\u0259sind\u0259 inki\u015faf etm\u0259kd\u0259 olan ki\u00e7ik ada d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259rinin sammitini ke\u00e7irdi. H\u0259min \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rin \u00fczl\u0259\u015fdiyi \u00e7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131\u015flar\u0131n aradan qald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 COP29-da Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n g\u00f6st\u0259rdiyi s\u0259yl\u0259rin \u0259sas\u0131n\u0131 t\u0259\u015fkil edir. Sammitd\u0259 \u00e7\u0131x\u0131\u015f ed\u0259n BMT-nin Ba\u015f katibi Antonio Quterre\u015f inki\u015faf etm\u0259kd\u0259 olan ki\u00e7ik ada d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259rinin b\u00f6y\u00fck \u0259dal\u0259tsizlikl\u0259rl\u0259 \u00fczl\u0259\u015fdiyini, iqlim d\u0259yi\u015fm\u0259l\u0259rinin, artan qiym\u0259tl\u0259rin, COVID-19 pandemiyas\u0131n\u0131n bu \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 ciddi ziyan vurdu\u011funu, onlar\u0131n h\u00f6kum\u0259tl\u0259rinin \u00e7\u0259tin v\u0259ziyy\u0259td\u0259 oldu\u011funu vur\u011fulayaraq deyib: \u201cSiz – ki\u00e7ik ada d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259ri n\u00fcmayi\u015f etdirirsiniz ki, iqlim ambisiyalar\u0131 \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc nec\u0259 b\u00fcruz\u0259 verir. Siz cavab t\u0259dbirl\u0259rini g\u00f6r\u0259n ilk t\u0259r\u0259fsiniz. D\u00fcnya sizi d\u0259st\u0259kl\u0259m\u0259li, ilk n\u00f6vb\u0259d\u0259, temperatur art\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n 1,5 d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259d\u0259 saxlan\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn yorulmadan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bu, o dem\u0259kdir ki, 2030-cu il\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r qlobal at\u0131lmalar illik \u0259sasla 9 faiz azalacaq. H\u0259m\u00e7inin \u0259n\u0259n\u0259vi yanacaqdan istifad\u0259 s\u00fcr\u0259tl\u0259 v\u0259 \u0259dal\u0259tli \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 azalacaq, COP28-in n\u0259tic\u0259si t\u0259min edil\u0259c\u0259k. Bu, h\u0259m\u00e7inin o dem\u0259kdir ki, h\u0259r \u00f6lk\u0259 1,5 d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259y\u0259 uy\u011fun olmas\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn COP30-a q\u0259d\u0259r yeni, iqtisadiyyat\u0131 \u0259hat\u0259 ed\u0259n milli iqlim f\u0259aliyy\u0259ti planlar\u0131n\u0131 v\u0259 ya milli s\u0259viyy\u0259d\u0259 m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n edilmi\u015f t\u00f6hf\u0259l\u0259r s\u0259n\u0259dini t\u0259qdim ed\u0259c\u0259k\u201d [1].<\/p>\n Ki\u00e7ik adalara daha \u00e7ox t\u0259sir ets\u0259 d\u0259, iqlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyinin f\u0259lak\u0259tli n\u0259tic\u0259l\u0259ri istiqam\u0259tind\u0259 qlobal tendensiya daha b\u00f6y\u00fck, planetar miqyasl\u0131 b\u00f6hrana \u00e7evril\u0259 bil\u0259r. B\u0259zi hesablamalara g\u00f6r\u0259, \u201cqar\u015f\u0131dak\u0131 c\u0259mi iki onillikd\u0259 200 milyondan \u00e7ox insan iqlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 evl\u0259rini t\u0259rk ed\u0259 bil\u0259r\u201d [22].<\/p>\n D\u0259niz s\u0259viyy\u0259sinin qalxmas\u0131 v\u0259 iqlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyinin nisb\u0259tind\u0259n as\u0131l\u0131 olaraq s\u00f6z\u00fcged\u0259n bu r\u0259q\u0259ml\u0259r d\u0259f\u0259l\u0259rl\u0259 \u00e7ox da ola bil\u0259r. B\u00fct\u00f6vl\u00fckd\u0259 is\u0259 \u00fcmum\u0259n q\u0259bul edilmi\u015f qlobal tendensiya v\u0259 ssenaril\u0259rl\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 yekdil r\u0259y m\u00f6vcuddur: \u201cXXI \u0259srd\u0259 qlobal istil\u0259\u015fm\u0259 milyonlarla insan\u0131 – \u0259sas\u0259n d\u0259 Asiya v\u0259 Afrikada \u2013 evl\u0259rini t\u0259rk edib ba\u015fqa yerl\u0259r\u0259 k\u00f6\u00e7m\u0259y\u0259 m\u0259cbur ed\u0259c\u0259k\u201d [27].<\/p>\n \u201c2006-c\u0131 ilin avqustunda Maldiv adalar\u0131 h\u00f6kum\u0259ti d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259rin, \u0259traf m\u00fchit v\u0259 humanitar t\u0259\u015fkilatlar\u0131n v\u0259 Birl\u0259\u015fmi\u015f Mill\u0259tl\u0259r T\u0259\u015fkilat\u0131 agentlikl\u0259rinin n\u00fcmay\u0259nd\u0259l\u0259rinin o vaxta q\u0259d\u0259r iqlim siyas\u0259ti m\u00fczakir\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259n k\u0259narda qalan bir m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259 – \u201ciqlim qa\u00e7q\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n qorunmas\u0131 v\u0259 m\u0259skunla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131\u201d – il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f t\u0259\u015fkil etdi [26]. D\u0259niz s\u0259viyy\u0259sind\u0259n c\u0259mi bir ne\u00e7\u0259 metr h\u00fcnd\u00fcrl\u00fckd\u0259 yerl\u0259\u015f\u0259n Maldiv adalar\u0131 kimi ki\u00e7ik bir ada d\u00f6vl\u0259ti \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn bu sual \u00f6lk\u0259nin milli t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259sizliyinin, h\u0259tta milli taleyinin g\u0259l\u0259c\u0259yini t\u0259\u015fkil edir. Bu qisim ada d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259ri, \u015f\u00fcbh\u0259siz ki, qlobal iqlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyind\u0259n ilk v\u0259 \u0259n \u00e7ox \u0259ziyy\u0259t \u00e7\u0259k\u0259nl\u0259rdir. Bel\u0259 ki, bir \u00e7ox ki\u00e7ik adalar qar\u015f\u0131dak\u0131 bir \u0259sr \u0259rzind\u0259 yoxa \u00e7\u0131xa v\u0259 ya ya\u015fay\u0131\u015f \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn yarars\u0131z hala d\u00fc\u015f\u0259 bil\u0259r.<\/p>\n \u0130qlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyi art\u0131q b\u00fct\u00fcn d\u00fcnyada m\u00fcxt\u0259lif icmalara t\u0259sir edir. Banqlade\u015fd\u0259 d\u0259niz s\u0259viyy\u0259sinin qalxmas\u0131ndan tutmu\u015f Braziliyadak\u0131 quraql\u0131\u011fa q\u0259d\u0259r ekspertl\u0259r iqlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyini d\u00f6vr\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fcn \u0259n b\u00f6y\u00fck insan h\u00fcquqlar\u0131 problemi adland\u0131r\u0131blar. Bu, n\u0259inki m\u00f6vcud b\u0259rab\u0259rsizlikl\u0259ri g\u00fccl\u0259ndirir, fundamental inki\u015faf h\u00fcququnu t\u0259hdid edir, h\u0259m d\u0259 \u0259n yoxsul v\u0259 \u0259n marginal \u0259haliy\u0259 qeyri-m\u00fct\u0259nasib \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 t\u0259sir edir. A\u015fa\u011f\u0131dak\u0131 qrafik x\u00fcsusi iqlim t\u0259sirl\u0259rinin b\u0259zi n\u0259tic\u0259l\u0259rini g\u00f6st\u0259rir [23].<\/p>\n \u0130ctimaiyy\u0259t\u0259 geni\u015f m\u0259lum olmasa da, nisb\u0259t\u0259n yeni sah\u0259l\u0259r olmas\u0131 il\u0259 yana\u015f\u0131, bir s\u0131ra \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 iqlim sah\u0259sind\u0259 insan h\u00fcquqlar\u0131 il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 \u015fikay\u0259t presedentl\u0259ri v\u0259 kommunikasiyalar – keysl\u0259r m\u00f6vcuddur. Onlar\u0131n b\u0259zil\u0259rin\u0259 q\u0131sa n\u0259z\u0259r salaq.<\/p>\n \u0130qlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyi v\u0259 insan h\u00fcquqlar\u0131na dair Avropa \u0130nsan H\u00fcquqlar\u0131 Konvensiyas\u0131n\u0131n t\u0259l\u0259bl\u0259rinin pozuldu\u011fu iddia edil\u0259n bir s\u0131ra y\u00fcks\u0259k s\u0259viyy\u0259li m\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259ri Strasburqdak\u0131 Avropa \u0130nsan H\u00fcquqlar\u0131 M\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259sind\u0259 (A\u0130HM) bax\u0131l\u0131b v\u0259 haz\u0131rda da bax\u0131lmaqdad\u0131r. Qeyd edilm\u0259lidir ki, yaln\u0131z regional-qit\u0259 miqyas\u0131nda deyil, h\u0259m\u00e7inin bir s\u0131ra milli m\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 d\u0259 bel\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259rl\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 prosesl\u0259r ba\u015flan\u0131l\u0131b, q\u0259rarlar q\u0259bul edilib. \u018fks\u0259r hallarda, qism\u0259n d\u0259 olsa, Avropa \u0130nsan H\u00fcquqlar\u0131 Konvensiyas\u0131na \u0259saslanaraq, konvensiya h\u00fcquqlar\u0131n\u0131, A\u0130HM-in m\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259 t\u0259cr\u00fcb\u0259sini, A\u0130HM sisteminin ciddi t\u0259l\u0259bl\u0259rini v\u0259 iqliml\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 q\u0259rar q\u0259bul etm\u0259nin x\u00fcsusiyy\u0259tl\u0259rini n\u0259z\u0259r\u0259 alaraq, Avropa \u0130nsan H\u00fcquqlar\u0131 M\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259sind\u0259n iqlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyi il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 m\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259 \u00e7\u0259ki\u015fm\u0259l\u0259ri \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn forum kimi istifad\u0259 il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 perspektivl\u0259r v\u0259 probleml\u0259r m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n edilib.<\/p>\n Avropa \u0130nsan H\u00fcquqlar\u0131 Konvensiyas\u0131nda sa\u011flam \u0259traf m\u00fchitl\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 x\u00fcsusi h\u00fcquq olmasa da, A\u0130HM art\u0131q 300-\u0259 yax\u0131n i\u015f \u00fczr\u0259 \u0259traf m\u00fchitl\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 q\u0259rarlar \u00e7\u0131xar\u0131b v\u0259 bu, Avropa \u015euras\u0131n\u0131n bir \u00e7ox \u00fczv\u00fcn\u00fcn siyas\u0259t v\u0259 t\u0259cr\u00fcb\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tli d\u0259yi\u015fiklikl\u0259r\u0259 g\u0259tirib \u00e7\u0131xar\u0131b [20].<\/p>\n \u201cT\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259li s\u0259naye f\u0259aliyy\u0259tl\u0259ri. \u00d6nery\u0131ld\u0131z T\u00fcrkiy\u0259y\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131\u201d 30 noyabr 2004-c\u00fc il (B\u00f6y\u00fck Palata). \u018friz\u0259\u00e7inin ya\u015fay\u0131\u015f yeri d\u00f6rd rayon \u015furas\u0131n\u0131n birg\u0259 istifad\u0259 etdiyi zibilin \u0259traf\u0131ndak\u0131 torpaqda icaz\u0259siz tikilmi\u015fdir. 1993-c\u00fc ilin aprelind\u0259 ucqarda metan partlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 ba\u015f verdi v\u0259 tullant\u0131 y\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan p\u00fcsk\u00fcr\u0259n alov q\u0131\u011f\u0131lc\u0131mlar\u0131 doqquz yax\u0131n qohumunu itirmi\u015f \u0259riz\u0259\u00e7iy\u0259 m\u0259xsus olan ev d\u0259 daxil olmaqla, ondan a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da yerl\u0259\u015f\u0259n ondan \u00e7ox evi b\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fc. \u018friz\u0259\u00e7i x\u00fcsusi olaraq \u015fikay\u0259t etdi. Ekspert r\u0259yi s\u0259lahiyy\u0259tlil\u0259rin diqq\u0259tini bu i\u015f\u0259 c\u0259lb ets\u0259 d\u0259, partlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 almaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn he\u00e7 bir t\u0259dbir g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u0259yib. Lakin bel\u0259 bir partlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n ba\u015f verm\u0259si ehtimal\u0131 az deyildi, \u00e7\u00fcnki profilaktik h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259t etm\u0259k laz\u0131m idi [15].<\/p>\n Habel\u0259, \u0130taliyadan dig\u0259r m\u00fcraci\u0259t – z\u0259h\u0259rli tullant\u0131lar\u0131n at\u0131lmas\u0131 il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 \u201c Di Kaprio v\u0259 dig\u0259rl\u0259ri \u0130taliyaya qar\u015f\u0131\u201d (no. 39742\/14) i\u015fi olub (2019). (\u201cDumping of toxic waste. Pending applications. Di Caprio and Others v. Italy\u201d; Rusiyadan \u201cBudaeva v\u0259 dig\u0259rl\u0259ri Rusiyaya qar\u015f\u0131\u201d, 12 mart 2008-ci il da\u011f rayonunda yerl\u0259\u015f\u0259n Tyrnauz \u015f\u0259h\u0259rind\u0259 s\u00fcr\u00fc\u015fm\u0259 il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 m\u00fcraci\u0259t olub [15].<\/p>\n T\u00fcrkiy\u0259d\u0259n \u0259traf m\u00fchit v\u0259 iqliml\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 m\u00fcraci\u0259t – \u201c\u015e\u0259xsi v\u0259 ail\u0259 h\u0259yat\u0131na h\u00f6rm\u0259t h\u00fcququ\u201d (Konvensiyan\u0131n 8-ci madd\u0259si): \u201cArxeoloji \u0259razini t\u0259hdid ed\u0259n b\u0259nd tikintisi Ahunbay v\u0259 dig\u0259rl\u0259ri T\u00fcrkiy\u0259y\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131\u201d 29 yanvar 2019-cu il. Bu i\u015fd\u0259 be\u015f \u0259riz\u0259\u00e7i arxeoloji \u0259razinin tikintisinin planla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bar\u0259d\u0259 \u015fikay\u0259t edib. 12.000 ild\u0259n \u00e7ox \u0259vv\u0259l\u0259 aid arxeoloji v\u0259 m\u0259d\u0259ni maraq do\u011furan Hasankeyf arxeoloji sah\u0259sin\u0259 t\u0259hdidl\u0259rl\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 m\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259ri [15].<\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n Son d\u00f6vrl\u0259rd\u0259 iqlim karantini, qapanmalar, t\u0259crid v\u0259 s. il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 m\u00fczakir\u0259l\u0259r intensiv \u015f\u0259kil al\u0131b. COVID-19 pandemiyas\u0131ndan sonra karantin ifad\u0259si g\u00fcnd\u0259lik leksikonda adil\u0259\u015fib.<\/p>\n \u0130qliml\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 hesab edilir ki, \u00fcmumi rifah namin\u0259 \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tli, lakin qism\u0259n m\u0259hdudiyy\u0259tl\u0259rin t\u0259tbiq edilm\u0259si q\u0131sa, yaxud uzunm\u00fcdd\u0259tli qapanmalara s\u0259b\u0259b ola bil\u0259r.<\/p>\n 2020-ci ilin noyabr\u0131nda Q\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 Xa\u00e7 C\u0259miyy\u0259ti b\u0259yan edib ki, iqlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyi COVID-19-dan daha b\u00f6y\u00fck t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259dir v\u0259 \u201ceyni reaksiya\u201d il\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131lanmal\u0131d\u0131r. Yaxud da Bill Qeyts yax\u0131n vaxtlarda iqlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyinin pandemiyadan daha ciddi olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 iddia ed\u0259r\u0259k onun qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 almaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn dramatik t\u0259dbirl\u0259rin haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131n\u0131 t\u0259klif edib. Paradoksal olsa da, COVID-19 d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259 qapanmalar s\u0259b\u0259bind\u0259n havaya at\u0131lan karbon emissiyalar\u0131n\u0131n \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tli d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259d\u0259 azalmas\u0131 da burada xat\u0131rlad\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n \u0130qlim karantinl\u0259ri nec\u0259 t\u0259tbiq edil\u0259 bil\u0259r? Hesab edilir ki, pandemiya g\u00fcnl\u0259rind\u0259 milyonlarla insan evd\u0259n i\u015fl\u0259yib. X\u00fcsusi karbon vergil\u0259ri t\u0259tbiq olunarsa, bu, daimi normaya \u00e7evril\u0259 bil\u0259r. Bu c\u00fcr vergil\u0259r \u015firk\u0259tl\u0259r\u0259 d\u0259 t\u0259tbiq edil\u0259 bil\u0259r. H\u0259r bir m\u0259nfi iqlim hadis\u0259sinin s\u0259b\u0259bi kimi insan amili ortaya \u00e7\u0131xd\u0131qca g\u00fcnahkara qar\u015f\u0131 getdikc\u0259 m\u0259hdudla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 vasit\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259n istifad\u0259 edil\u0259 bil\u0259r. AB\u015e-\u0131n Kaliforniya \u015ftat\u0131 on \u00fc\u00e7 ild\u0259n sonra benzinl\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259y\u0259n avtomobill\u0259rin sat\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 qada\u011fan ed\u0259c\u0259k. \u0130ngilt\u0259r\u0259 yax\u0131n s\u0259kkiz il\u0259 bunu etm\u0259yi planla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131r. Daxiliyanma m\u00fch\u0259rrikl\u0259rinin qada\u011fan edilm\u0259si il\u0259 planetin xilas edil\u0259c\u0259yi bar\u0259d\u0259 m\u00fcbahis\u0259l\u0259r is\u0259 davam edir [10].<\/p>\n \u0130qlim v\u0259 insan h\u00fcquqlar\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn m\u00fcmk\u00fcn \u201ciqlim karantinl\u0259ri\u201d daha bir t\u0259hdid ola bil\u0259rmi, \u0259m\u0259k qanunvericiliyin\u0259 d\u0259yi\u015fiklikl\u0259r m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcrm\u00fc? Bu v\u0259 dig\u0259r suallar g\u00fcnd\u0259mi z\u0259bt etm\u0259kd\u0259 davam edir. Art\u0131q qlobal istil\u0259\u015fm\u0259, anormal temperaturlar \u201ciqlim karantinl\u0259rin\u0259\u201d g\u0259tirib \u00e7\u0131xar\u0131r. Bel\u0259 ki, Hindistan, daha sonra Pakistan \u00f6l\u00fcmc\u00fcl istil\u0259r s\u0259b\u0259bind\u0259n m\u0259kt\u0259bl\u0259ri qism\u0259n ba\u011flama\u011fa m\u0259cbur olub. Dig\u0259r \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259r d\u0259 n\u0259qliyyatdan istifad\u0259y\u0259 qada\u011falar t\u0259tbiq edib, n\u0259tic\u0259d\u0259 \u0259halinin h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259ti m\u0259hdudla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131l\u0131b. \u018ftraf m\u00fchitin m\u00fchafiz\u0259si il\u0259 m\u0259\u015f\u011ful olan \u201cNovethic\u201d n\u0259\u015fri 27 may 2024-c\u00fc ild\u0259 d\u0259rc edil\u0259n \u201cH\u0259ddind\u0259n art\u0131q temperaturun arxas\u0131nda gizl\u0259n\u0259n “iqlim karantini – “kabusdur\u201d adl\u0131 m\u0259qal\u0259sind\u0259 \u201ciqlim karantini\u201d ifad\u0259sind\u0259n istifad\u0259 etm\u0259yi t\u0259klif edib [12]: \u201c47,8 \u00b0C: Bu temperatur bazar ert\u0259si, may\u0131n 20-d\u0259 Hindistan\u0131n paytaxt\u0131 Dehlid\u0259 qeyd\u0259 al\u0131n\u0131b. Ert\u0259si g\u00fcn s\u0259lahiyy\u0259tlil\u0259r d\u0259rhal t\u0259dbirl\u0259r g\u00f6r\u00fcb, m\u0259kt\u0259bl\u0259rin yay t\u0259tili \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn erk\u0259n ba\u011fland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 elan edib. \u00d6lk\u0259nin \u015fimal\u0131nda v\u0259 m\u0259rk\u0259zind\u0259 yerl\u0259\u015f\u0259n bir ne\u00e7\u0259 \u015ftat, o c\u00fcml\u0259d\u0259n P\u0259ncab v\u0259 Racastan da m\u0259kt\u0259bl\u0259rin ba\u011flanmas\u0131na g\u00f6st\u0259ri\u015f verib. Bir ne\u00e7\u0259 g\u00fcn sonra Pakistan da ox\u015far q\u0259rar q\u0259bul edib. Pakistanda m\u0259kt\u0259blil\u0259rin yar\u0131s\u0131 v\u0259 ya 26 milyon u\u015faq m\u00f6vs\u00fcmi normalardan \u201calt\u0131-s\u0259kkiz d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259 yuxar\u0131\u201d isti hava dal\u011fas\u0131 \u0259r\u0259f\u0259sind\u0259 bir h\u0259ft\u0259 m\u0259kt\u0259b\u0259 getm\u0259y\u0259c\u0259k. C\u0259nub v\u0259 C\u0259nub-\u015e\u0259rqi Asiyada h\u0259ddind\u0259n art\u0131q istil\u0259r s\u0259b\u0259bind\u0259n bir ne\u00e7\u0259 \u00f6lk\u0259 m\u0259hdudla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 t\u0259dbirl\u0259r g\u00f6rm\u0259y\u0259 q\u0259rar verib. Filippinin paytaxt\u0131 Manilada h\u0259ddind\u0259n art\u0131q istil\u0259r s\u0259b\u0259bind\u0259n d\u0259rsl\u0259r dayand\u0131r\u0131l\u0131b. Banqlade\u015fd\u0259 d\u0259 b\u0259zi m\u0259kt\u0259bl\u0259r bir ne\u00e7\u0259 g\u00fcn ba\u011flan\u0131b. Taylandda da eyni s\u0259b\u0259bl\u0259r\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 s\u0259lahiyy\u0259tlil\u0259r \u0259haliy\u0259 evd\u0259 qalma\u011f\u0131 t\u00f6vsiy\u0259 edib\u201d [12].<\/p>\n S\u00f6z\u00fcged\u0259n \u201cNovethic\u201d n\u0259\u015frin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259, bu t\u0259dbirl\u0259rin uzunm\u00fcdd\u0259tli n\u0259tic\u0259l\u0259ri il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 h\u0259l\u0259lik ara\u015fd\u0131rma apar\u0131lmasa da, bu, yeni konsepsiyad\u0131r v\u0259 yeni reall\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u0259ks etdirir. H\u0259m\u00e7inin qeyd edilir ki, terminoloji olaraq, insan h\u00fcquqlar\u0131 leksikas\u0131nda iqlim miqrantlar\u0131n\u0131n – da\u015fq\u0131nlar v\u0259 ya \u0259ks etdir\u0259n m\u00fchitin deqradasiyas\u0131 s\u0259b\u0259bind\u0259n \u0259n\u0259n\u0259vi ya\u015fay\u0131\u015f yerl\u0259rini t\u0259rk etm\u0259y\u0259 m\u0259cbur olan xalqlar\u0131n h\u00fcquqlar\u0131 n\u0259z\u0259r\u0259 al\u0131nm\u0131r.<\/p>\n Xat\u0131rladaq ki, iqliml\u0259 \u0259laq\u0259dar v\u0259t\u0259nda\u015flar\u0131n h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259tin\u0259 m\u0259hdudiyy\u0259tl\u0259r son vaxtlar dig\u0259r qit\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 d\u0259 t\u0259tbiq edilib. M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, Kolumbiyada tarixi quraql\u0131q s\u0259b\u0259bind\u0259n aprelin 19-u \u201cqeyri-i\u015f g\u00fcn\u00fc\u201d elan edilib. Eyni \u015f\u0259kild\u0259, \u0130ran h\u00f6kum\u0259ti h\u0259ddind\u0259n art\u0131q istil\u0259rin t\u0259sirini m\u0259hdudla\u015fd\u0131rmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn bu ilin avqust ay\u0131nda iki g\u00fcn istirah\u0259t t\u0259tbiq edib. Fransa h\u00f6kum\u0259ti \u018fm\u0259k M\u0259c\u0259ll\u0259sini iqlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyin\u0259 uy\u011funla\u015fd\u0131rma\u011f\u0131 planla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131r. Qanun kritik istilik \u015f\u0259raitind\u0259 i\u015f prosesini d\u0259rhal dayand\u0131rmaq m\u0259qs\u0259dil\u0259 h\u0259r bir m\u00fc\u0259ssis\u0259 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn konkret t\u0259dbirl\u0259r plan\u0131n\u0131n v\u0259 x\u00fcsusi prosedurlar\u0131n yarad\u0131lmas\u0131na imkan verm\u0259lidir. Haz\u0131rk\u0131 \u018fm\u0259k M\u0259c\u0259ll\u0259sind\u0259 bu n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259 tutulmay\u0131b.<\/p>\n \u201c\u0130qlim karantinl\u0259ri\u201dni sui-q\u0259sd, konspirasiya n\u0259z\u0259riyy\u0259l\u0259ri hesab ed\u0259n bax\u0131\u015flar da kifay\u0259t q\u0259d\u0259rdir. B\u0259zil\u0259ri h\u0259tta qapanmalar\u0131n m\u0259qs\u0259dinin “qlobal elitalar\u0131n” \u0259halini idar\u0259 etm\u0259k oldu\u011funu, iqlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyi siyas\u0259tinin onlar\u0131n azadl\u0131qlar\u0131na qar\u015f\u0131 y\u00f6n\u0259ldiyini iddia edir [19].<\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n D\u00fcnya iqlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 k\u00fctl\u0259vi miqrasiyaya haz\u0131rd\u0131rm\u0131? 2050-ci il\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r iqlim qa\u00e7q\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n say\u0131 1,2 milyard ola bil\u0259r. 2100-c\u00fc il\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r is\u0259 3 milyarda q\u0259d\u0259r insan\u0131n iqlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyinin t\u0259sirl\u0259ri s\u0259b\u0259bind\u0259n yerind\u0259n-yurdundan did\u0259rgin d\u00fc\u015f\u0259c\u0259yi g\u00f6zl\u0259nilir. Bu, ham\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 maraqland\u0131ran bir m\u00f6vzudur.<\/p>\n M\u00fct\u0259x\u0259ssisl\u0259rin fikrin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259, iqlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyi v\u0259 BMT-nin qa\u00e7q\u0131n qanunvericiliyi getdikc\u0259 artan iqlim miqrasiyas\u0131 b\u00f6hran\u0131 fonunda qa\u00e7q\u0131nlar\u0131n m\u00fchafiz\u0259si \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn z\u0259if haz\u0131rl\u0131ql\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr. Bel\u0259 ki, BMT-nin Qa\u00e7q\u0131nlar \u00fczr\u0259 Ali Komissarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 (BMT QAK) \u201ciqlim \u0259sasl\u0131\u201d say\u0131lmayan milyonlarla qa\u00e7q\u0131nla m\u0259\u015f\u011ful olur. Yeni qlobal tendensiyan\u0131 n\u0259z\u0259r\u0259 alacaq \u0259sasl\u0131 qanunverici islahatlar olmadan bu qurumun 20 d\u0259f\u0259 daha \u00e7ox olan qa\u00e7q\u0131n ax\u0131n\u0131n\u0131 qoruya v\u0259 d\u0259st\u0259kl\u0259y\u0259 bil\u0259c\u0259yi \u015f\u00fcbh\u0259lidir. \u00c7\u00fcnki BMT-nin haz\u0131rk\u0131 mandat\u0131 yaln\u0131z irqi, dini, siyasi \u0259qid\u0259si v\u0259 ya etnik m\u0259nsubiyy\u0259tin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 b\u0259yan edilmi\u015f t\u0259qibl\u0259r\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259n qa\u00e7q\u0131n d\u00fc\u015f\u0259n f\u0259rdi siyasi qa\u00e7q\u0131nlar\u0131 \u0259hat\u0259 edir [21].<\/p>\n \u201c\u0130qlim qa\u00e7q\u0131nlar\u0131\u201d, habel\u0259 “iqlim v\u0259 ya \u0259traf m\u00fchit miqrantlar\u0131” termini 1985-ci ild\u0259n BMT-nin \u018ftraf M\u00fchit Proqram\u0131n\u0131n (UNEP) eksperti Essam El-Hinnavi t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n t\u0259tbiq edilib. El-Hinnavi iqlim qa\u00e7q\u0131nlar\u0131na \u201cn\u0259z\u0259r\u0259\u00e7arpacaq d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259d\u0259 ekoloji pozuntuya g\u00f6r\u0259 \u0259n\u0259n\u0259vi ya\u015fay\u0131\u015f yerl\u0259rini m\u00fcv\u0259qq\u0259ti v\u0259 ya daimi olaraq t\u0259rk etm\u0259y\u0259 m\u0259cbur olmu\u015f insanlar\u201d kimi t\u0259rif verdikd\u0259n sonra bu termin geni\u015f istifad\u0259 olunur. \u201cDaxili K\u00f6\u00e7k\u00fcnl\u00fckl\u0259rin Monitorinqi M\u0259rk\u0259zi\u201dnin (Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre) a\u00e7\u0131qlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 son statistik m\u0259lumatlara g\u00f6r\u0259, \u201c2008-ci ild\u0259n b\u0259ri d\u00fcnyada 376 milyondan \u00e7ox insan da\u015fq\u0131nlar, qas\u0131r\u011falar, z\u0259lz\u0259l\u0259l\u0259r v\u0259 ya quraql\u0131qlar s\u0259b\u0259bind\u0259n m\u0259cburi k\u00f6\u00e7k\u00fcn v\u0259ziyy\u0259tin\u0259 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcb. T\u0259kc\u0259 2022-ci ild\u0259 iqlim qa\u00e7q\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n say\u0131 rekord h\u0259dd\u0259 – 32,6 milyon n\u0259f\u0259r\u0259 \u00e7at\u0131b. 2020-ci ild\u0259n ba\u015flayaraq, t\u0259bii f\u0259lak\u0259tl\u0259r s\u0259b\u0259bind\u0259n k\u00f6\u00e7k\u00fcnl\u0259rin \u00fcmumi say\u0131nda \u0259vv\u0259lki on ill\u0259 m\u00fcqayis\u0259d\u0259 h\u0259r il orta hesabla 41% art\u0131m m\u00fc\u015fahid\u0259 olunur. Artan tendensiya h\u0259y\u0259canverici d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259d\u0259 a\u015fkard\u0131r. \u0130qlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyinin apar\u0131c\u0131 katalizator kimi geni\u015fl\u0259nm\u0259si il\u0259 \u201ciqlim qa\u00e7q\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n\u201d say\u0131 artma\u011fa davam ed\u0259c\u0259k [29].<\/p>\n Bununla yana\u015f\u0131, t\u0259rifin m\u0259zmunu il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 h\u0259l\u0259 d\u0259 m\u00fczakir\u0259l\u0259r gedir, onun b\u0259zi m\u0259qamlar\u0131 tam \u0259ks etdirm\u0259diyi qeyd edilir. M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, 2020-ci ilin noyabr ay\u0131nda Honduras, Qvatemala v\u0259 El Salvadoru ikikateqoriyal\u0131 qas\u0131r\u011fa vurduqda insanlar leysan ya\u011f\u0131\u015flar\u0131 v\u0259 torpaq s\u00fcr\u00fc\u015fm\u0259l\u0259ri n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 evl\u0259rini, dolan\u0131\u015f\u0131q vasit\u0259l\u0259rini v\u0259 t\u0259miz suya \u00e7\u0131x\u0131\u015f imkanlar\u0131n\u0131 itirdiyi \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn Meksika s\u0259rh\u0259dind\u0259n ke\u00e7\u0259r\u0259k AB\u015e-a do\u011fru ax\u0131n etdil\u0259r. Bu v\u0259ziyy\u0259td\u0259 s\u0259b\u0259b v\u0259 n\u0259tic\u0259 \u0259laq\u0259l\u0259ri ayd\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr. \u00d6z \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 ekstremal hava \u015f\u0259raitinin yaratd\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u0259lveri\u015fsiz v\u0259ziyy\u0259tin insanlar\u0131 nec\u0259 qa\u00e7q\u0131n d\u00fc\u015fm\u0259y\u0259 m\u0259cbur etdiyi a\u015fkar g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr. Lakin b\u0259zi t\u0259dqiqat\u00e7\u0131lar hesab edir ki, bu t\u0259rif daha \u00e7oxsayl\u0131 insanlara \u015famil edilm\u0259lidir. Bel\u0259 ki, “aid olduqlar\u0131 c\u0259miyy\u0259tl\u0259rd\u0259 \u0259traf m\u00fchitin q\u0131sa v\u0259 ya uzunm\u00fcdd\u0259tli d\u0259yi\u015fm\u0259si il\u0259 birba\u015fa v\u0259 ya dolay\u0131s\u0131 il\u0259 \u0259laq\u0259li ola bil\u0259c\u0259k iqlim t\u0259sirin\u0259 m\u0259ruz qalan h\u0259r k\u0259s” iqlim qa\u00e7q\u0131n\u0131 say\u0131la bil\u0259r [30].<\/p>\n Qeyd etm\u0259k laz\u0131m g\u0259lir ki, d\u00fczg\u00fcn istiqam\u0259td\u0259 at\u0131lan add\u0131mlara baxmayaraq, problem\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 milli v\u0259 beyn\u0259lxalq siyasi v\u0259 qanunverici reaksiyalar m\u0259hdud olaraq qal\u0131r ki, bu da qurbanlar\u0131n etiraf\u0131 v\u0259 m\u00fcdafi\u0259sin\u0259 laz\u0131mi h\u00fcquqi t\u0259minatlar vermir. \u201c\u0130qlim qa\u00e7q\u0131n\u0131\u201dn\u0131n bu g\u00fcn \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn d\u0259qiq t\u0259rifi yoxdur. Onlar BMT-nin 1951-ci il tarixli \u201cQa\u00e7q\u0131nlar haqq\u0131nda” Konvensiyas\u0131 il\u0259 \u0259hat\u0259 olunmur. Sonuncu yaln\u0131z irqi, dini, milli v\u0259 m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n sosial qrupa m\u0259nsubiyy\u0259ti v\u0259 ya siyasi \u0259qid\u0259sin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 t\u0259qib olunmaqdan \u0259sasl\u0131 qorxusu olan v\u0259 \u00f6z \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 m\u00fcdafi\u0259 axtara bilm\u0259y\u0259n v\u0259 ya ist\u0259m\u0259y\u0259n insanlar\u0131 \u0259hat\u0259 edir. Bu o dem\u0259kdir ki, iqlim haz\u0131rda s\u0131\u011f\u0131nacaq v\u0259 ya qa\u00e7q\u0131n statusu axtarmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn s\u0259b\u0259b kimi g\u00f6st\u0259ril\u0259 bilm\u0259z. Baxmayaraq ki, 2018-ci il tarixli \u201cMiqrasiya \u00fczr\u0259 Qlobal Sazi\u015f\u201din (2018 Global Compact for Migration) ikinci m\u0259qs\u0259di iqlimi miqrasiya \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn potensial s\u0259b\u0259b kimi q\u0259bul edilir. Avropa Biirliyi \u201ciqlim qa\u00e7q\u0131nlar\u0131\u201dn\u0131 r\u0259sm\u0259n tan\u0131masa da, artan narahatl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ifad\u0259 edib v\u0259 iqliml\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 t\u0259zyiql\u0259r\u0259 h\u0259ssas olan \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 dayan\u0131ql\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u0259st\u0259kl\u0259m\u0259k v\u0259 g\u00fccl\u0259ndirm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn t\u0259dbirl\u0259r g\u00f6r\u00fcb [17].<\/p>\n Daha sonra bu m\u00f6vzuda apar\u0131lan dig\u0259r m\u00fczakir\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 bel\u0259 bir m\u0259qama diqq\u0259t c\u0259lb edildi ki, iqlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyi t\u0259kc\u0259 insanlara v\u0259 infrastruktura sad\u0259c\u0259 q\u0259fil, g\u00f6zl\u0259nilm\u0259z z\u0259r\u0259r verm\u0259kl\u0259 t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259 yaratm\u0131r. M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, Avropa Parlamentinin T\u0259dqiqat Xidm\u0259ti (European Parliamentary Research Service) haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 brifinqd\u0259 bir s\u0131ra m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259ri, o c\u00fcml\u0259d\u0259n \u201ciqlim qa\u00e7q\u0131n\u0131\u201dn\u0131n m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259nl\u0259\u015fdirilm\u0259si, iqlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyinin insanlar\u0131n yerd\u0259yi\u015fm\u0259sinin geni\u015fl\u0259nm\u0259sin\u0259 t\u0259kan verm\u0259si, \u201ciqlim qa\u00e7q\u0131nlar\u0131\u201d \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn h\u00fcquqi-qanunverici m\u00fcdafi\u0259 bo\u015fluqlar\u0131n\u0131n aradan qald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn beyn\u0259lxalq h\u00fcquqi \u00e7\u0259r\u00e7iv\u0259nin formala\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, perspektivd\u0259 insan h\u00fcquqlar\u0131 \u0259sasl\u0131 iqlim m\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259l\u0259rinin format\u0131 v\u0259 s. t\u0259hlil edib. Bu h\u0259m d\u0259 c\u0259miyy\u0259tl\u0259rin ya\u015fam t\u0259rzl\u0259rin\u0259, iqtisadiyyatlara t\u0259drici t\u0259sir ed\u0259n, sonda sabitliyi poza bil\u0259c\u0259k uzunm\u00fcdd\u0259tli t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259dir. M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, haz\u0131rda ged\u0259n q\u0259fil deyil, t\u0259drici prosesl\u0259r n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 d\u0259niz s\u0259viyy\u0259sinin qalxmas\u0131 misal\u0131nda 2100-c\u00fc il\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r 410 milyona yax\u0131n insan d\u0259niz s\u0259viyy\u0259sind\u0259n 2 metrd\u0259n az v\u0259 d\u0259niz s\u0259viyy\u0259sinin qalxmas\u0131 riski alt\u0131nda olan \u0259razil\u0259rd\u0259 ya\u015fayacaq. Bu o dem\u0259kdir ki, iqlim t\u0259hdidl\u0259ri bir-biri il\u0259 s\u0131x ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r v\u0259 b\u0259\u015f\u0259riyy\u0259t t\u0259dric\u0259n domino effektin\u0259 s\u0259b\u0259b ola bil\u0259c\u0259k v\u0259ziyy\u0259tin getdikc\u0259 daha da pisl\u0259\u015fm\u0259sinin f\u0259rqind\u0259 olmal\u0131d\u0131r. \u201cM\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, bir \u00f6lk\u0259d\u0259 temperaturun y\u00fcks\u0259lm\u0259si suyun m\u00f6vcudlu\u011funa t\u0259sir ed\u0259, suyun keyfiyy\u0259tini azalda bil\u0259r. Bu da x\u0259st\u0259liyin yay\u0131lmas\u0131na, h\u0259m\u00e7inin g\u0259lirl\u0259ri v\u0259 \u0259rzaq ehtiyatlar\u0131n\u0131 azaldacaq m\u0259hsul \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131na s\u0259b\u0259b olan quraql\u0131q ehtimal\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131ra bil\u0259r. B\u00fct\u00fcn bunlar potensial olaraq sosial v\u0259ziyy\u0259tin pisl\u0259\u015fm\u0259sin\u0259 v\u0259 siyasi sabitliyin pozulmas\u0131na g\u0259tirib \u00e7\u0131xara bil\u0259r\u201d.<\/p>\n Beyn\u0259lxalq Q\u0131z\u0131l Xa\u00e7 v\u0259 Q\u0131z\u0131l Aypara C\u0259miyy\u0259tl\u0259ri Federasiyas\u0131n\u0131n (Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC) m\u0259lumat\u0131na g\u00f6r\u0259, \u201c2050-ci il\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r \u0259traf m\u00fchitd\u0259 d\u0259yi\u015fiklikl\u0259rin t\u0259sirin\u0259 m\u0259ruz qalan insanlar\u0131n say\u0131n\u0131n iki d\u0259f\u0259 artaca\u011f\u0131 proqnozla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 halda, ekoloji f\u0259lak\u0259tl\u0259r s\u0259b\u0259bind\u0259n milyonlarla insan\u0131n h\u0259r il d\u00fcnya miqyas\u0131nda k\u00f6\u00e7k\u00fcnl\u00fck problemi art\u0131q bu g\u00fcn d\u00fczg\u00fcn h\u0259ll edilm\u0259lidir\u201d [8].<\/p>\n 2016-c\u0131 il sentyabr\u0131n 19-da BMT Ba\u015f Assambleyas\u0131 Qa\u00e7q\u0131nlar v\u0259 Miqrantlar \u00fczr\u0259 Nyu-York B\u0259yannam\u0259sini (New York Declaration for Refugees and Migrants) q\u0259bul etdi. Bu b\u0259yannam\u0259d\u0259 “qa\u00e7q\u0131nlar” v\u0259 \u201cdig\u0259r miqrantlar\u201d haqq\u0131nda iki qlobal m\u00fcqavil\u0259nin haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131 t\u0259l\u0259b edildi [24].<\/p>\n Daha sonra, 2018-ci il dekabr\u0131n 10-da M\u0259rake\u015fd\u0259 t\u0259sdiq edilmi\u015f \u201cT\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259siz, nizaml\u0131 v\u0259 daimi miqrasiya \u00fczr\u0259 Qlobal Sazi\u015f\u201d (Global Compact for Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration (GCM) 2-ci m\u0259qs\u0259d \u00e7\u0259r\u00e7iv\u0259sind\u0259 iqlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyi s\u0259b\u0259bind\u0259n k\u00f6\u00e7k\u00fcnl\u0259rin t\u0259cili v\u0259ziyy\u0259tini etiraf edir. El\u0259 h\u0259min il Birl\u0259\u015fmi\u015f Mill\u0259tl\u0259r T\u0259\u015fkilat\u0131n\u0131n \u0130qlim D\u0259yi\u015fikliyi \u00fczr\u0259 \u00c7\u0259r\u00e7iv\u0259 Konvensiyas\u0131n\u0131n T\u0259r\u0259fl\u0259rin 24-c\u00fc Konfrans\u0131 (COP24) iqlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyi n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 insanlar\u0131n m\u0259cburi k\u00f6\u00e7k\u00fcnl\u00fcy\u00fcn\u0259 toxundu. Qeyd edildi ki, iqlim miqrasiyas\u0131 beyn\u0259lxalq dan\u0131\u015f\u0131qlarda t\u0259krarlanan m\u00f6vzu olsa da, indiy\u0259d\u0259k t\u0259sirl\u0259n\u0259nl\u0259r\u0259 he\u00e7 bir r\u0259smi status v\u0259 ya h\u00fcquqi m\u00fcdafi\u0259 verilm\u0259yib [11].<\/p>\n 2019-cu ild\u0259 COP25 \u0130qlim D\u0259yi\u015fikliyi \u00fczr\u0259 H\u00f6kum\u0259tl\u0259raras\u0131 Panelin (2019 COP25; Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) iqlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyi v\u0259 torpaqla ba\u011fl\u0131 x\u00fcsusi hesabat\u0131na \u0259saslanmaqla, iqlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyinin insan h\u0259yat\u0131n\u0131n keyfiyy\u0259tin\u0259 x\u0259l\u0259l g\u0259tir\u0259n n\u0259tic\u0259l\u0259ri kimi s\u0259hrala\u015fma v\u0259 artan qlobal \u0259rzaq q\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131 riskin\u0259 toxunulub. Buna \u0259saslanaraq, Beyn\u0259lxalq Miqrasiya T\u0259\u015fkilat\u0131 (BMqT) bildirdi ki, art\u0131q h\u0259ssas \u0259hali qruplar\u0131n\u0131n h\u0259yat \u015f\u0259raitini pisl\u0259\u015fdir\u0259n iqlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyi il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 n\u0259tic\u0259l\u0259r insan h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259tliliyinin-miqrant ax\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n s\u00fcr\u0259tl\u0259nm\u0259sin\u0259 t\u0259kan verm\u0259kd\u0259dir [28].<\/p>\n il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 tarixi presedent q\u0259rar\u0131 v\u0259\u00a0<\/strong>iqlim \u0259sasl\u0131 insan h\u00fcquqlar\u0131n\u0131n\u00a0<\/strong>t\u0259minat\u0131na beyn\u0259lxalq reaksiya<\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n Avropa \u0130nsan H\u00fcquqlar\u0131 M\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259si (A\u0130HM) \u0130sve\u00e7r\u0259nin iqlim siyas\u0259ti il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 ictimai birliyin 8 il s\u00fcr\u0259n \u015fikay\u0259tini t\u0259min edib, \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn tarixind\u0259 ilk d\u0259f\u0259 iqlimi insan haqlar\u0131na daxil edib. 2024-c\u00fc il aprelin 9-da A\u0130HM-d\u0259 veril\u0259n ilk v\u0259 tarixi q\u0259rarla \u00dcmumd\u00fcnya \u0130nsan H\u00fcquqlar\u0131 tarixind\u0259 yeni era ba\u015flay\u0131b. A\u0130HM tarixind\u0259 ilk d\u0259f\u0259 olaraq iqlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyi il\u0259 m\u00fcbariz\u0259d\u0259 d\u00f6vl\u0259tin f\u0259aliyy\u0259tsizliyi il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 i\u015f \u00fczr\u0259 q\u0259rar \u00e7\u0131xar\u0131b. 16 hakim lehin\u0259 v\u0259 1 hakim \u0259leyhin\u0259 olmaqla A\u0130HM \u0130sve\u00e7r\u0259nin iqlim siyas\u0259ti sah\u0259sind\u0259 f\u0259aliyy\u0259tsizliyi v\u0259 insan h\u00fcquqlar\u0131n\u0131 pozmas\u0131 il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 h\u00f6km verib.<\/p>\n Strasburqdak\u0131 m\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259 bildirib ki, A\u0130HM Konvensiyas\u0131n\u0131n 8-ci madd\u0259si \u201ciqlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyinin h\u0259yat, sa\u011flaml\u0131q, rifah v\u0259 h\u0259yat keyfiyy\u0259tin\u0259 ciddi m\u0259nfi t\u0259sirl\u0259rind\u0259n\u201d d\u00f6vl\u0259t t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n effektiv m\u00fcdafi\u0259 h\u00fcququnu \u0259ks etdirir. \u201cPensiya\u00e7\u0131 qad\u0131nlar iqlim u\u011frunda\u201d \u0130ctimai Birliyi \u00f6z \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 \u0259dal\u0259tli m\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259 ara\u015fd\u0131rmas\u0131 h\u00fcququnun pozulmas\u0131na m\u0259ruz qal\u0131b. A\u0130HM \u0130sve\u00e7r\u0259nin adekvat \u201ciqlim sah\u0259sind\u0259 f\u0259aliyy\u0259tsizliyi\u201dni (\u201cclimate inaction\u201d) \u0259sas g\u0259tirm\u0259kl\u0259 \u015fikay\u0259t\u00e7il\u0259rin ya\u015famaq h\u00fcququnun Avropa \u0130nsan H\u00fcquqlar\u0131 Konvensiyas\u0131n\u0131n (A\u0130HK) 2-ci madd\u0259si, \u015f\u0259xsi v\u0259 ail\u0259 h\u0259yat\u0131na h\u00f6rm\u0259tl\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 \u00fcmumi h\u00fcququ (A\u0130HK-in 8-ci madd\u0259si, eyni zamanda \u0259qli v\u0259 fiziki toxunulmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131 qoruyan) il\u0259 pozulmas\u0131n\u0131 t\u0259sdiql\u0259yib. Q\u0259rarda o da qeyd edilib ki, r\u0259smi \u201cS\u00fcrix t\u0259qa\u00fcd\u00e7\u00fcl\u0259rin laz\u0131mi prosedur h\u00fcquqlar\u0131n\u0131 pozub, \u0130sve\u00e7r\u0259 h\u00fcquq sistemi iddia\u00e7\u0131lara \u0259dal\u0259t m\u00fchakim\u0259sin\u0259 kifay\u0259t q\u0259d\u0259r \u00e7\u0131x\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 t\u0259min etm\u0259yib. \u0130sve\u00e7r\u0259nin iqlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyin\u0259 reaksiya sah\u0259sind\u0259 adekvat h\u00fcquqi bazan\u0131 h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irm\u0259si prosesind\u0259 bir s\u0131ra \u201ckritik bo\u015fluqlar\u201d m\u00f6vcuddur\u201d.<\/p>\n Paradoksal olan ilk m\u0259qam h\u0259m d\u0259 bu faktd\u0131r ki, A\u0130HM eyni g\u00fcnd\u0259 iqlim v\u0259 insan haqlar\u0131 il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 3 q\u0259rar elan edib. Pensiya\u00e7\u0131 qad\u0131nlardan f\u0259rqli olaraq, 2 dig\u0259r i\u015fi r\u0259dd edib.<\/p>\n \u201cPensiya\u00e7\u0131 qad\u0131nlar iqlim u\u011frunda\u201d \u0130ctimai Birliyinin 8 il s\u00fcr\u0259n davas\u0131 n\u0259 il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 olub?<\/p>\n \u0130sve\u00e7r\u0259li \u201cPensiya\u00e7\u0131 qad\u0131nlar iqlim u\u011frunda\u201d \u0130ctimai Birliyinin (Klima Seniorinnen) orta ya\u015f\u0131 73 olan 2500 isve\u00e7r\u0259li qad\u0131n \u00fczv\u00fc var. Birlik \u00f6z \u00f6lk\u0259sin\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 ya\u015famaq h\u00fcquqlar\u0131n\u0131 pozan iqlim siyas\u0259ti y\u00fcr\u00fctm\u0259kd\u0259 ittiham ed\u0259n iddian\u0131 h\u0259l\u0259 2008-ci ild\u0259n qald\u0131r\u0131b. Qad\u0131nlar ya\u015flar\u0131 il\u0259 \u0259laq\u0259dar istiy\u0259 d\u00f6zm\u0259dikl\u0259rin\u0259, habel\u0259 iqlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyi il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 h\u0259r il isti g\u00fcnl\u0259rin say\u0131 artd\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn evd\u0259n \u00e7\u0131xa bilm\u0259y\u0259r\u0259k x\u0259st\u0259likl\u0259rd\u0259n \u0259ziyy\u0259t \u00e7\u0259kdikl\u0259rin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 d\u00f6vl\u0259tin m\u0259suliyy\u0259t da\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcbut etm\u0259y\u0259 \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131blar.<\/p>\n Yerli m\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259l\u0259r iddian\u0131n populist xarakter da\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, h\u00fcquqlar\u0131n\u0131n m\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259 i\u015fi ba\u015flayacaq d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259d\u0259 pozulmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u0259sas g\u0259tir\u0259r\u0259k r\u0259dd edib. Uduzan pensiya\u00e7\u0131 qad\u0131nlar 2020-ci ild\u0259 i\u015fi A\u0130HM-\u0259 da\u015f\u0131y\u0131b. (\u201cPensiya\u00e7\u0131 qad\u0131nlar iqlim u\u011frunda\u201d \u0130ctimai Birliyi \u0130sve\u00e7r\u0259y\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131\u201d (\u201cKlima Seniorinnen vs Switzerland\u201d). \u201c\u0130qlim pensiya\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131\u201d \u00f6z iddialar\u0131n\u0131 \u0259sasland\u0131rmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn cinsl\u0259rin\u0259 v\u0259 ya\u015flar\u0131na g\u00f6r\u0259 (\u0259ks\u0259riyy\u0259ti 70 ya\u015fdan yuxar\u0131) getdikc\u0259 artan qlobal iqlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyi s\u0259b\u0259bind\u0259n ba\u015f ver\u0259n, h\u0259dd\u0259n art\u0131q isti hava \u015f\u0259raitind\u0259 x\u00fcsusil\u0259 \u00e7\u0259tin anlar ya\u015fad\u0131qlar\u0131na g\u00f6r\u0259 m\u0259suliyy\u0259tin istixana qazlar\u0131n\u0131, tullant\u0131lar\u0131 k\u0259skin azaltmaq \u00f6hd\u0259liyini yerin\u0259 yetirm\u0259y\u0259n \u0130sve\u00e7r\u0259 hakimiyy\u0259tinin \u00fcz\u0259rin\u0259 d\u00fc\u015fd\u00fcy\u00fcn\u00fc s\u00fcbut etm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn anormal yay istil\u0259rind\u0259 onlar\u0131n ya\u015f qruplar\u0131nda \u00f6l\u00fcm nisb\u0259tinin artd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u201cs\u00fcbut ed\u0259n elmi m\u0259lumatlar\u201d t\u0259qdim edibl\u0259r.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u0130sve\u00e7r\u0259 v\u0259 B\u00f6y\u00fck Britaniyada\u00a0<\/strong>A\u0130HM-d\u0259n v\u0259 Avropa \u015euras\u0131ndan\u00a0<\/strong>\u00e7\u0131xma\u011fa \u00e7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131\u015flar ba\u015flay\u0131b<\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n Strasburq<\/strong>da q\u0259bul edil\u0259n q\u0259rara reaksiyalar g\u00f6zl\u0259nilm\u0259z v\u0259 g\u00f6r\u00fcnm\u0259mi\u015f miqyas al\u0131b. Burada: 1. konkret d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259rin, 2.beyn\u0259lxalq insan haqlar\u0131 t\u0259\u015fkilatlar\u0131n\u0131n, 3.qlobal ekoloji qurumlar\u0131n, 4.iqlim\u0259 dair transmilli t\u0259sisatlar\u0131n, n\u0259hay\u0259t, 5. m\u00fcst\u0259qil h\u00fcquq\u015f\u00fcnaslar\u0131n, akademik ekspertl\u0259rin r\u0259yl\u0259ri maraq do\u011furur.<\/p>\n Strasburq m\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259sind\u0259 q\u0259bul edil\u0259n tarixi presedent h\u00f6km\u0259 suveren d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259rin reaksiyas\u0131 daha \u00f6n\u0259mlidir des\u0259k, yan\u0131lmar\u0131q.<\/p>\n \u0130sve\u00e7r\u0259<\/strong>. \u0130lk reaksiya t\u0259bii olaraq, \u0130sve\u00e7r\u0259d\u0259n – \u00f6lk\u0259nin \u0259n b\u00f6y\u00fck siyasi q\u00fcvv\u0259sind\u0259n – \u0130sve\u00e7r\u0259 Xalq Partiyas\u0131ndan g\u0259lib. Partiya A\u0130HM-in \u00f6lk\u0259ni \u201ciqlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyi il\u0259 m\u00fcbariz\u0259 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn adekvat t\u0259dbirl\u0259r g\u00f6rm\u0259m\u0259kd\u0259\u201d ittiham ed\u0259n q\u0259rar\u0131n\u0131 \u201cqalmaqal\u201d adland\u0131r\u0131b. Avropa m\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 reall\u0131qdan inkar m\u00f6vqeyinin a\u00e7\u0131q \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck t\u0259\u015fkil etm\u0259si, Strasburq hakiml\u0259rinin \u0130sve\u00e7r\u0259nin karbon (CO2<\/sub>) emissiyalar\u0131n\u0131n azald\u0131lmas\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnd\u0259 n\u00fcmun\u0259vi t\u0259cr\u00fcb\u0259sini g\u00f6rm\u0259zd\u0259n g\u0259ldiyini\u201d b\u0259yan edib. Partiya A\u0130HM-in q\u0259rar\u0131n\u0131 \u201csuveren \u00f6lk\u0259nin daxili i\u015fl\u0259rin\u0259 xarici hakiml\u0259rin m\u00fcdaxil\u0259si\u201d adland\u0131r\u0131b v\u0259 \u0130sve\u00e7r\u0259ni Avropa \u015euras\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131xma\u011fa \u00e7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131b.<\/p>\n A\u0130HM-in \u0130sve\u00e7r\u0259y\u0259 t\u0259yin edilmi\u015f c\u0259zan\u0131n v\u0259 80.000 avro t\u0259zminat\u0131n 3 ay \u0259rzind\u0259 \u00f6d\u0259nilm\u0259si il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 q\u0259rar\u0131 x\u00fcsusil\u0259 hidd\u0259tl\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131lan\u0131b. Bel\u0259 ki, yerli h\u00fcquq\u015f\u00fcnaslar bu q\u0259rar\u0131n ara\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n h\u0259l\u0259 uzun m\u00fcdd\u0259t \u00e7\u0259k\u0259c\u0259yini bildirib.<\/p>\n B\u00f6y\u00fck Britaniyan\u0131n m\u00fcnasib\u0259ti daha s\u0259rt olub. Bel\u0259 ki, \u00f6lk\u0259d\u0259 s\u00f6n d\u00f6vrd\u0259 \u201cBritaniyan\u0131n milli t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259sizliyi, yoxsa insan haqlar\u0131?\u201d sual\u0131 c\u0259miyy\u0259td\u0259 \u0259n q\u0131z\u011f\u0131n m\u00fczakir\u0259 edil\u0259n m\u00f6vzudur. \u201c\u0130qlim i\u015fi\u201d (climate case)<\/em> bu m\u00fczakir\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 b\u00f6y\u00fck t\u0259kan verib. A\u0130HM-in q\u0259rar\u0131ndan d\u0259rhal sonra \u0130ngilt\u0259r\u0259 parlamenti kemi\u015f Ba\u015f nazir Ri\u015fi Sunak\u0131n i\u015ftirak\u0131 il\u0259 \u201cAvropa \u0130nsan Haqlar\u0131 Konvensiyas\u0131: qalmal\u0131, yoxsa getm\u0259li\u201d m\u00f6vzusu \u0259traf\u0131nda debatlara ba\u015flay\u0131b. Parlamentd\u0259 M\u00fchafiz\u0259karlar Partiyas\u0131 Britaniyan\u0131n A\u0130HM-d\u0259n \u00e7\u0131xmas\u0131n\u0131 birm\u0259nal\u0131 t\u0259l\u0259b edib. B\u00f6y\u00fck Britaniyan\u0131n kemi\u015f daxili i\u015fl\u0259r naziri Suella Braverman Ri\u015fi Sunak\u0131n iqlim\/ya\u015f\u0131l siyas\u0259tl\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 m\u00f6vqeyini bu c\u00fcr ifad\u0259 edib: \u201cBiz planeti xilas etm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn Britaniya xalq\u0131n\u0131 m\u00fcflis ed\u0259si deyilik!\u201d<\/p>\n Beyn\u0259lxalq insan haqlar\u0131 t\u0259\u015fkilatlar\u0131n\u0131n, qlobal ekoloji qurumlar\u0131n v\u0259 iqlim\u0259 dair transmilli t\u0259sisatlar\u0131n m\u00fcnasib\u0259ti, m\u0259ntiqi olaraq m\u00fcsb\u0259t olub. Onlar bu presedent q\u0259rardan sonra \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rin iqlim siyas\u0259tin\u0259 daha m\u0259suliyy\u0259tli yana\u015facaqlar\u0131na, 2030-cu il\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r real add\u0131mlar at\u0131laca\u011f\u0131na \u0259min olduqlar\u0131n\u0131 bildiribl\u0259r. Sa\u011flam iqlim h\u00fcququnun ilk d\u0259f\u0259 insan haqlar\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131na daxil edilm\u0259sini n\u0259inki alq\u0131\u015flay\u0131blar, h\u0259tta 40-dan \u00e7ox yerli insan h\u00fcquqlar\u0131 institutunu \u00f6z\u00fcnd\u0259 birl\u0259\u015fdir\u0259n \u201cMilli \u0130nsan H\u00fcquqlar\u0131 T\u0259\u015fkilatlar\u0131n\u0131n Avropa \u015e\u0259b\u0259k\u0259si\u201d (European Network of National Human Rights Institutions; ENHR\u0130) \u00f6z a\u00e7\u0131qlamas\u0131nda bildirib ki, m\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259 gedi\u015find\u0259 iqlim i\u015fi il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 r\u0259y-komentariya verib. Komentariyada \u201c1.\u015e\u0259xsi v\u0259 ail\u0259 h\u0259yat\u0131na h\u00f6rm\u0259t h\u00fcququnun pozulmas\u0131 (Konvensiyan\u0131n 8-ci madd\u0259si); 2.M\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259y\u0259 m\u00fcraci\u0259t etm\u0259k h\u00fcququnun pozulmas\u0131 (Konvensiyan\u0131n 6-c\u0131 madd\u0259sinin 1-ci b\u0259ndi); 3. F\u0259rdl\u0259rin v\u0259 birlikl\u0259rin m\u00f6vqel\u0259rinin ayd\u0131nla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131\u201d y\u00f6n\u00fcnd\u0259 A\u0130HM-\u0259 k\u00f6m\u0259k edilib.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n H\u00fcquq\u015f\u00fcnaslar\u0131n b\u00f6y\u00fck \u0259ks\u0259riyy\u0259ti \u201cq\u0259rar\u0131n h\u0259dd\u0259n art\u0131q siyasil\u0259\u015fdirildiyini, iqlimin-insan h\u00fcquqlar\u0131na d\u0259xli olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131\u201d h\u00fcquqi arqumentl\u0259rl\u0259 izah edib. Mediada A\u0130HM-in q\u0259rar\u0131 \u201cc\u0259f\u0259ngiyyat, demokratiyaya b\u00f6y\u00fck z\u0259rb\u0259\u201d kimi qiym\u0259tl\u0259ndirilib.<\/p>\n M\u0259\u015fhur \u201cTime\u201d n\u0259\u015fri \u201cA\u0130HM hakiml\u0259rinin dikt\u0259si\u201d adl\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131q m\u0259ktub d\u0259rc edib, qurumu q\u0259rarlar\u0131 siyasil\u0259\u015fdirm\u0259kd\u0259, avtoritarl\u0131qda ittiham edib.<\/p>\n H\u00fcquq sah\u0259sind\u0259 d\u00fcnyaca m\u0259\u015fhur, q\u0259rargah\u0131 Londonda, filiallar\u0131\u0131 is\u0259 bir s\u0131ra \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 yerl\u0259\u015f\u0259n beyin m\u0259rk\u0259zi \u201cLegatum Institute Think Tank\u201d-in parlament m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259ri v\u0259 qanunvericilik \u00fczr\u0259 direktoru Fred de Fossard aprelin 10-da \u201c\u0130qlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyi insan h\u00fcquqlar\u0131 qanununa aid m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259 deyil\u201d adl\u0131 yaz\u0131s\u0131nda \u201ciqlim i\u015fi q\u0259rar\u0131n\u0131\u201d t\u0259f\u0259rr\u00fcatl\u0131 \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 h\u00fcquqi ekspertiza aspektind\u0259 arqumentl\u0259rl\u0259 t\u0259hlil edib. O qeyd edib: \u201cStrasburq m\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259sinin q\u0259rar\u0131 demokratiyaya birba\u015fa h\u00fccumdir. Biz uzun ill\u0259rdir ki, Britaniyan\u0131n A\u0130HM-\u0259 \u00fczvl\u00fcy\u00fcn\u00fcn milli t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259sizliyimizi t\u0259hdid etdiyini m\u00fczakir\u0259 edirik. Bu son q\u0259rar o dem\u0259kdir ki, o, indid\u0259n bel\u0259 h\u0259m d\u0259 bizim rifah\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 v\u0259 demokratiyam\u0131z\u0131 t\u0259hdid ed\u0259c\u0259k. M\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259 indiy\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259rki h\u00fcquq m\u00fcst\u0259visini – siyas\u0259t v\u0259 iqtisadiyyat m\u00fcst\u0259vil\u0259rin\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r geni\u015fl\u0259ndirm\u0259k iddias\u0131n\u0131 ortaya qoyub\u201d.<\/p>\n H\u00fcquq ekspertl\u0259ri A\u0130HM-in qalmaqall\u0131 q\u0259rar\u0131n\u0131 t\u0259hlil ed\u0259rk\u0259n habel\u0259 bir ne\u00e7\u0259 ciddi leqal pozuntuya da yol verildiyini bildiribl\u0259r:<\/p>\n 1.\u0130qlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyi m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259ri demokratik yolla se\u00e7ilmi\u015f milli h\u00f6kum\u0259tl\u0259r\u0259 h\u0259val\u0259 edilm\u0259lidir, m\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259 bu m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259y\u0259 m\u00fcdaxil\u0259 edib;<\/p>\n \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n Q\u0259rar\u0131n m\u00fcsb\u0259t n\u0259tic\u0259l\u0259ril\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 onu dem\u0259k olar ki, m\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259nin iqlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyi il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 ilk d\u0259f\u0259 q\u0259rar q\u0259bul etm\u0259si ekoloji probleml\u0259r v\u0259 fundamental insan h\u00fcquqlar\u0131n\u0131n kritik k\u0259si\u015fm\u0259sini ortaya qoyur. Q\u0259rarla qlobal iqlim b\u00f6hran\u0131 m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259sin\u0259 dair m\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259nin ilk d\u0259f\u0259 h\u00fcquqi presedent yaratmas\u0131 tarixi olsa da, h\u0259l\u0259lik sensasiya xarakterli olub qlobal diqq\u0259t c\u0259lb etm\u0259kd\u0259dir.<\/p>\n A\u0130HM-in q\u0259rar\u0131 unikal olmaqla yana\u015f\u0131, qlobal qanunvericilik sah\u0259sind\u0259 onun nec\u0259 h\u0259yata ke\u00e7iril\u0259c\u0259yi davam ed\u0259n prosesdir, yax\u0131n ill\u0259rd\u0259 b\u00fct\u00fcn d\u00fcnya bu prosesi izl\u0259y\u0259c\u0259k. A\u0130HM-in prezidenti Siofra O’Liari qeyd edib ki, \u0130sve\u00e7r\u0259 Paris \u0130qlim Sazi\u015finin t\u0259l\u0259b etdiyi kimi iqlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyi il\u0259 m\u00fcbariz\u0259 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn kifay\u0259t q\u0259d\u0259r milli t\u0259dbirl\u0259r g\u00f6rm\u0259yib, \u0130sve\u00e7r\u0259nin iqlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyin\u0259 reaksiya sah\u0259sind\u0259 adekvat h\u00fcquqi bazan\u0131 h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irm\u0259si prosesind\u0259 bir s\u0131ra \u201ckritik bo\u015fluqlar\u201d m\u00f6vcuddur. Bu fikir \u0259slind\u0259 b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259ri diqq\u0259ti \u00f6zl\u0259rinin iqlim siyas\u0259tin\u0259 y\u00f6n\u0259ltm\u0259k m\u0259qs\u0259dini g\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n Qlobal ekoloji v\u0259 iqlim t\u0259\u015fkilatlar\u0131 \u015f\u0259b\u0259k\u0259sinin r\u0259yin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259, bu q\u0259rar b\u00fct\u00fcn Avropa \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 \u015famil olunmaqla, onlar\u0131 t\u0259cili olaraq \u00f6z iqlim siyas\u0259tinin h\u0259d\u0259fl\u0259rin\u0259 yenid\u0259n baxma\u011fa t\u0259kan ver\u0259c\u0259k. Bu, insan haqlar\u0131n\u0131n yeni n\u0259sli aspektind\u0259 g\u0259l\u0259c\u0259y\u0259 \u00fcnvanlan\u0131b. M\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259 q\u0259rar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259ri faydal\u0131 qaz\u0131nt\u0131 s\u0259nayesini daha tez azaltma\u011fa m\u0259cbur ed\u0259 bil\u0259c\u0259yi ehtimal edilir.<\/p>\n S\u00f6hb\u0259t sad\u0259c\u0259 bir qrup ya\u015fl\u0131 qad\u0131n\u0131n \u0130sve\u00e7r\u0259ni passiv iqlim siyas\u0259ti y\u00fcr\u00fctm\u0259kd\u0259 ittiham etm\u0259sind\u0259n getmir. 9 aprel tarixind\u0259 q\u0259rar \u00e7\u0131xar\u0131lan h\u0259r 3 iqlim i\u015fi \u00fczr\u0259 iddialarda, h\u0259m\u00e7inin 3-c\u00fc t\u0259r\u0259fl\u0259rin: h\u00f6kum\u0259tl\u0259r, h\u00fcquq\u015f\u00fcnaslar, iqlim\u015f\u00fcnaslar, QHT-l\u0259r v\u0259 s.-qeyri-adi \u00e7oxlu sayda d\u0259st\u0259k\u00e7i iddialar\u0131 da daxil olub.<\/p>\n Q\u0259rara nec\u0259 m\u00fcnasib\u0259t g\u00f6st\u0259rilm\u0259sind\u0259n as\u0131l\u0131 olmayaraq, bu m\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259 \u00e7\u0259ki\u015fm\u0259si art\u0131q milli v\u0259 qlobal miqyasda diqq\u0259ti iqlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyinin m\u0259nfi n\u0259tic\u0259l\u0259rinin \u00fcmumilikd\u0259 insan h\u00fcquqlar\u0131na yaratd\u0131\u011f\u0131 real riskl\u0259r\u0259 y\u00f6n\u0259ld\u0259 bil\u0259r. A\u0130HM Konvensiyas\u0131n\u0131n 8-ci madd\u0259sind\u0259 \u0259vv\u0259ll\u0259r d\u0259 ekoloji h\u00fcquqla ba\u011fl\u0131 komponent m\u00f6vcud olub. Lakin regional reall\u0131qlar (milli d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259r) onu m\u0259hdudla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131rd\u0131. Haz\u0131rk\u0131 q\u0259rar lokal h\u00fcquq v\u0259 iqlim m\u00f6vzusuna qlobal \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcn\u00fc \u0259lav\u0259 edir. O, iqlimin qorunmas\u0131n\u0131n qlobal bir hadis\u0259 oldu\u011funu t\u0259sdiql\u0259yib.<\/p>\n \u0130lkin r\u0259yl\u0259r\u0259 \u0259saslansaq m\u0259nfi n\u0259tic\u0259l\u0259r m\u00fcsb\u0259tl\u0259rd\u0259n daha \u00e7oxdur. Q\u0259rara x\u00fcsusil\u0259 suveren d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259rin verdiyi reaksiyalara \u0259sas\u0259n onun m\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259nin \u00f6z\u00fc \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn a\u011f\u0131r n\u0259tic\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 s\u0259b\u0259b olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 dem\u0259y\u0259 \u0259sas verir. \u0130lk n\u00f6vb\u0259d\u0259 Avropa \u0130ttifaq\u0131n\u0131n 32 \u00f6lk\u0259sind\u0259ki qanunverici orqanlar v\u0259 s. t\u0259\u015fkilatlar\u0131n f\u0259aliyy\u0259tind\u0259 olduqca ciddi, \u201cseysmik, z\u0259lz\u0259l\u0259 effektli\u201d n\u0259tic\u0259l\u0259r ortaya \u00e7\u0131xa bil\u0259r. Q\u0259rarla ba\u011fl\u0131 beyn\u0259lxalq miqyasda tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f h\u00fcquq\u015f\u00fcnaslar\u0131n r\u0259yl\u0259rinin \u0259ks\u0259riyy\u0259ti neqativ m\u0259zmunludur. Bel\u0259 ki, \u201cA\u0130HM-in \u00f6z s\u0259lahiyy\u0259tl\u0259rini a\u015faraq milli suveren qanunvericilik m\u0259kan\u0131na m\u00fcdaxil\u0259 etm\u0259si \u201conun \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn sonunu g\u0259tir\u0259 bil\u0259r\u201d kimi q\u0259na\u0259tl\u0259r \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck t\u0259\u015fkil edir.<\/p>\n Art\u0131q \u0130sve\u00e7r\u0259 v\u0259 Britaniyada hakimiyy\u0259td\u0259 olan siyasi q\u00fcvv\u0259l\u0259rin Avropa \u015euras\u0131ndan, A\u0130HM-d\u0259n \u00e7\u0131xmaqla ba\u011fl\u0131 s\u0259rt b\u0259yanatlar\u0131, mediada m\u00fczakir\u0259l\u0259rin bu v\u0259ziyy\u0259ti g\u0259rginl\u0259\u015fdirm\u0259si Q\u0259rb siyasi sistemini c\u0259ngin\u0259 alan populizm dal\u011fas\u0131n\u0131 daha da k\u0259skinl\u0259\u015fdirm\u0259kd\u0259dir. A\u0130HM-in 58-ci madd\u0259sind\u0259 deyilir ki, d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259r 6 ay \u0259vv\u0259l x\u0259b\u0259rdarl\u0131q etm\u0259kl\u0259 Konvensiyan\u0131 \u201cdenonsasiya ed\u0259\u201d, y\u0259ni t\u0259rk ed\u0259 bil\u0259rl\u0259r. Qalmaq v\u0259 ya getm\u0259k q\u0259rar\u0131 bir t\u0259r\u0259fd\u0259n demokratiya (yaxud milli suverenlik), dig\u0259r t\u0259r\u0259fd\u0259n beyn\u0259lxalq h\u00fcquq m\u00fcqavil\u0259sind\u0259 i\u015ftirak aras\u0131nda se\u00e7im deyil, d\u00f6vl\u0259tin suveren h\u00fcququdur. Haz\u0131rda \u201cgetm\u0259k, yoxsa qalmaq, A\u0130HM bizim \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn n\u0259 edib, onu n\u0259 il\u0259 \u0259v\u0259zl\u0259y\u0259 bil\u0259rik?\u201d v\u0259 s. bu kimi suallar Avropa siyasi g\u00fcnd\u0259mini z\u0259bt etm\u0259kd\u0259dir.<\/p>\n Tarixd\u0259 ilk d\u0259f\u0259 iqlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyi il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 m\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259 \u00e7\u0259ki\u015fm\u0259l\u0259rini insan h\u00fcquqlar\u0131 sah\u0259sin\u0259 g\u0259tirib, yeni n\u0259sil insan haqlar\u0131n\u0131n yaranmas\u0131na t\u0259kan verilir. Bir \u00f6lk\u0259nin iqlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyi il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 f\u0259aliyy\u0259tinin g\u00f6st\u0259ricisi olaraq v\u0259t\u0259nda\u015flar\u0131n insan h\u00fcquqlar\u0131n\u0131n pozulmas\u0131 kimi m\u00fcr\u0259kk\u0259b meyar ortaya qoyulub. \u0130sve\u00e7r\u0259nin iqlim b\u00f6hran\u0131 il\u0259 laz\u0131mi d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259d\u0259 m\u00fcbariz\u0259 aparmamas\u0131 \u201cburada insan h\u00fcquqlar\u0131n\u0131n pozulmas\u0131na s\u0259b\u0259b olub\u201d kimi n\u0259tic\u0259y\u0259 g\u0259lm\u0259kl\u0259 m\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259nin d\u00fczg\u00fcn, yoxsa yanl\u0131\u015f perspektivl\u0259r a\u00e7mas\u0131 il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 m\u00fczakir\u0259l\u0259r tam g\u00fcc\u00fc il\u0259 davam edir. \u0130ndi b\u00fct\u00fcn Avropa \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 m\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259l\u0259rin bu presedent\u0259 \u0259m\u0259l etm\u0259li olaca\u011f\u0131 birm\u0259nal\u0131 deyil. M\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259nin \u0130sve\u00e7r\u0259 hakimiyy\u0259tini 3 ay m\u00fcdd\u0259tind\u0259 \u201cPensiya\u00e7\u0131 qad\u0131nlar iqlim u\u011frunda\u201d \u0130ctimai Birliyin\u0259 80 min avro t\u0259zminat \u00f6d\u0259m\u0259yi m\u0259cburi hesab etm\u0259si d\u0259 m\u00fcbahis\u0259lidir. \u00c7\u00fcnki \u0130ctimai Bilrik d\u0259ymi\u015f ziyana g\u00f6r\u0259 he\u00e7 bir t\u0259zminat iddias\u0131 ir\u0259li s\u00fcrm\u0259yib.<\/p>\n \u0130sve\u00e7r\u0259 h\u00f6kum\u0259tinin iddian\u0131n populist xarakter da\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6r\u0259 onu q\u0259buledilm\u0259z hesab etm\u0259sin\u0259 baxmayaraq, Strasburqda veril\u0259n q\u0259rar b\u00fct\u00fcn d\u00fcnyada g\u0259l\u0259c\u0259k m\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259 prosesl\u0259rin\u0259 t\u0259sir g\u00f6st\u0259r\u0259 bil\u0259r. H\u0259tta bu istiqam\u0259td\u0259 ekoaktivistl\u0259rin v\u0259 s. sosial h\u0259r\u0259katlar\u0131n \u00f6z d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259rin\u0259 v\u0259 ba\u015fqa \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 qald\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 iddialar\u0131 tam bir ax\u0131n-sel \u015f\u0259klini ala, m\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259l\u0259r bu ax\u0131n qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda aciz qala bil\u0259r. S\u00f6z\u00fcged\u0259n m\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259 i\u015finin 8 il \u00e7\u0259km\u0259si buna misal g\u00f6st\u0259rilir.<\/p>\n Daha d\u0259qiq deyils\u0259, bu o dem\u0259kdir ki, \u0259traf m\u00fchitin m\u00fchafiz\u0259si il\u0259 m\u0259\u015f\u011ful olan QHT-l\u0259r g\u0259l\u0259c\u0259kd\u0259 \u00f6z \u00fczvl\u0259rinin maraqlar\u0131n\u0131 qorumaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn ox\u015far i\u015fl\u0259rl\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 k\u00fctl\u0259vi \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 m\u00fcraci\u0259t ed\u0259 bil\u0259c\u0259kl\u0259r ki, bu da insan haqlar\u0131 sah\u0259sind\u0259 f\u0259rdi i\u015fl\u0259r\u0259 bax\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 son d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259 \u00e7\u0259tinl\u0259\u015fdir\u0259 bil\u0259r.<\/p>\n M\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259nin q\u0259rar\u0131 h\u00fcquq elmi sah\u0259sind\u0259, nisb\u0259t\u0259n bu yeni h\u00fcquqi arealda a\u00e7\u0131q qalan suallara ayd\u0131nl\u0131q g\u0259tirm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn (iqlim v\u0259 insan h\u00fcquqlar\u0131 probleml\u0259ri aras\u0131nda s\u0259b\u0259b-n\u0259tic\u0259 \u0259laq\u0259l\u0259rinin xarakterini ayd\u0131nla\u015fd\u0131rmaq, h\u0259m\u00e7inin \u201cm\u0259qbul risk\u201d d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259sini, iqlim m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259ri \u00fczr\u0259 \u0259razi yurisdiksiyas\u0131 m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259sinin h\u0259lli, t\u0259zminat m\u0259bl\u0259\u011fini v\u0259 s. m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n etm\u0259kl\u0259) g\u0259l\u0259c\u0259k t\u0259dqiqatlara, m\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259 \u00e7\u0259ki\u015fm\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 t\u0259sir g\u00f6st\u0259r\u0259 bil\u0259r.<\/p>\n Burada is\u0259 Strasburq m\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259si proqnoz\/ssenari olaraq 2 variantdan birini se\u00e7\u0259r\u0259k g\u0259l\u0259c\u0259k \u0259n\u0259n\u0259ni m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n ed\u0259 bil\u0259r: 1.ya milli m\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259 prosesl\u0259rin\u0259 v\u0259 h\u00fcquq-m\u00fchafiz\u0259 orqanlar\u0131na t\u0259sir ed\u0259 bil\u0259c\u0259k q\u0259rarlar\u0131 t\u0259xir\u0259 sala bil\u0259r; 2.ya da iqlimi insan\u0131n fundamental ya\u015fam h\u00fcququ il\u0259 eynil\u0259\u015fdir\u0259 bil\u0259r.<\/p>\n A\u0130HM-in verdiyi q\u0259rar\u0131n realla\u015fmas\u0131 yen\u0259 d\u0259 konkret suveren \u00f6lk\u0259nin – \u0130sve\u00e7r\u0259nin ixtiyar\u0131ndad\u0131r. M\u00fct\u0259x\u0259ssisl\u0259rin fikrinc\u0259, \u0130sve\u00e7r\u0259 “iqlim f\u0259aliyy\u0259tsizliiyi” (climate inaction) il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 c\u0259zaland\u0131r\u0131lsa da, bu yana\u015fma beyn\u0259lxalq qurumlar\u0131n bu \u00f6lk\u0259nin iqlim siyas\u0259ti il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 hesabat v\u0259 reytinql\u0259rind\u0259 d\u0259y\u0259rl\u0259ndirm\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 ziddir. M\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259nin \u201cm\u0259suliyy\u0259ti \u0259sas\u0259n istixana qazlar\u0131n\u0131n tullant\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 k\u0259skin azaltmaq \u00fczr\u0259 \u00f6hd\u0259likl\u0259rini yerin\u0259 yetir\u0259 bilm\u0259y\u0259n \u0130sve\u00e7r\u0259 hakimiyy\u0259tinin \u00fcz\u0259rin\u0259\u201d qoymas\u0131 m\u00fcbahis\u0259lidir.<\/p>\n Strasburqda veril\u0259n q\u0259rar\u0131n birba\u015fa demokratiyaya h\u00fccum olmas\u0131 il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 n\u00fcfuzlu h\u00fcquq\u015f\u00fcnas ekspertl\u0259rin r\u0259yi d\u0259 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc olmaqla yana\u015f\u0131, b\u0259dbin proqnozlar\u0131 daha da m\u00f6hk\u0259ml\u0259ndirir. H\u00fcquq ekspertl\u0259ri hesab edir ki, A\u0130HM \u0130sve\u00e7r\u0259d\u0259 referendumda ke\u00e7m\u0259y\u0259n iddian\u0131 t\u0259sdiql\u0259m\u0259kl\u0259 \u0130sve\u00e7r\u0259 xalq\u0131n\u0131n irad\u0259sini r\u0259dd edib v\u0259 burada demokratiyan\u0131n \u0259lifbas\u0131 pozulub. Xalqlar\u0131n se\u00e7diyi h\u00f6kum\u0259tl\u0259rin, siyasil\u0259rin ver\u0259 bil\u0259c\u0259yi q\u0259rarlar\u0131 h\u00fcquq\u015f\u00fcnaslar\u0131n verm\u0259si absurddur.<\/p>\n Qeyd edildiyi kimi, m\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259 16 lehin\u0259, 1 \u0259leyhin\u0259 s\u0259s ver\u0259r\u0259k qanuna \u201ccanl\u0131 al\u0259t\u201d kimi yana\u015fman\u0131 ifrat h\u0259dd\u0259 \u00e7atd\u0131r\u0131b. 1950-ci ill\u0259rd\u0259 yarad\u0131lan “insan h\u00fcquqlar\u0131” anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n sonsuz miqyasad\u0259k geni\u015fl\u0259ndirilm\u0259si kimi \u201cm\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259 f\u0259all\u0131\u011f\u0131\u201d m\u0259qs\u0259d say\u0131la bilm\u0259z. Sitat: \u201c1950-ci ild\u0259 he\u00e7 kimin a\u011fl\u0131na bel\u0259 g\u0259l\u0259 bilm\u0259zdi ki, isti iqlimd\u0259 ya\u015famaq insan h\u00fcquqlar\u0131n\u0131n pozulmas\u0131d\u0131r. Lakin Strasburqdak\u0131 hakiml\u0259r bunun bel\u0259 oldu\u011funa q\u0259rar veribl\u0259r. Bel\u0259 davam ed\u0259rs\u0259, yaln\u0131z ekof\u0259allar\u0131n \u0259l-qolu a\u00e7\u0131la bil\u0259r, bu q\u0259rar tutulan h\u0259r bir vergini, tikil\u0259n h\u0259r fabriki v\u0259 ya h\u0259r yeni avtomobili insan h\u00fcquqlar\u0131 qanununun predmetin\u0259 \u00e7evir\u0259 bil\u0259r. A\u0130HM aprelin 9-da indiy\u0259q\u0259d\u0259rki, b\u0259lk\u0259 d\u0259, \u0259n b\u00f6y\u00fck s\u0259hvini edib. A\u0130HM \u0259g\u0259r bundan sonra m\u00f6vcud olacaqsa, ancaq cinay\u0259t v\u0259 t\u0259qibl\u0259rl\u0259 m\u0259\u015f\u011ful olmal\u0131d\u0131r\u201d.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u0130\u015f\u011fal ill\u0259rind\u0259 qanunsuz talan\u00e7\u0131l\u0131q f\u0259aliyy\u0259ti il\u0259 m\u0259\u015f\u011ful olan, \u00e7aylar\u0131 z\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259y\u0259n, da\u011f-m\u0259d\u0259n f\u0259aliyy\u0259tini vandalizm s\u0259viyy\u0259sind\u0259 h\u0259yata ke\u00e7ir\u0259n Erm\u0259nistan\u0131n real ziyan\u0131n t\u0259zminat\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6d\u0259m\u0259k \u0259v\u0259zin\u0259 saxta \u201cetnik t\u0259mizl\u0259m\u0259\u201d narrativl\u0259rini t\u0259bli\u011f etm\u0259sin\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 erm\u0259nil\u0259rin ekosid siyas\u0259ti il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 t\u0259dbirl\u0259r iqlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyi m\u00f6vzusunda yenid\u0259n n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259n ke\u00e7irilm\u0259lidir. S\u00f6z\u00fcged\u0259n m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259rl\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 faktlar\u0131n c\u0259miyy\u0259t\u0259 v\u0259 beyn\u0259lxalq birliy\u0259 \u00e7atd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 davaml\u0131 \u015f\u0259kil almal\u0131d\u0131r. X\u00fcsusil\u0259 d\u0259, COP29-a ev sahibliyi etdiyimiz cari ild\u0259 qlobal t\u0259dbirin siyasil\u0259\u015fdirilm\u0259si y\u00f6n\u00fcnd\u0259 qarayaxma kampaniyas\u0131 aparanlar daha da f\u0259alla\u015f\u0131b. Erm\u0259nil\u0259rin son presedent q\u0259rarla ba\u011fl\u0131 add\u0131mlar ataca\u011f\u0131 istisna edil\u0259 bilm\u0259z. Da\u011f-m\u0259d\u0259n s\u0259nayesinin apar\u0131c\u0131 sah\u0259 oldu\u011fu Erm\u0259nistanda bu sah\u0259nin regionun ekoloji durumuna m\u0259nfi t\u0259siri, Metsamor AES-in \u0259traf m\u00fchit\u0259 vurdu\u011fu \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc ziyanla ba\u011fl\u0131 beyn\u0259lxalq hesabatlar, onu iqlim d\u0259yi\u015fm\u0259l\u0259rini s\u00fcr\u0259tl\u0259ndirm\u0259si il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 mesajlar verilm\u0259si g\u00fcnd\u0259m\u0259 daxil edilm\u0259lidir. Bu istiqam\u0259td\u0259 \u00f6nl\u0259yici t\u0259hlil v\u0259 t\u0259bli\u011fat faydal\u0131 olar.<\/p>\n \u00d6lk\u0259mizd\u0259 iqlim h\u00fcququ v\u0259 ekoloji h\u00fcquqla ba\u011fl\u0131 kadrlar korpusunun yeti\u015fdirilm\u0259si d\u0259 m\u00fch\u00fcm m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259ndir. Habel\u0259, haz\u0131rda sahibkar v\u0259 \u015firk\u0259tl\u0259r\u0259 veril\u0259n ekoloji t\u0259l\u0259bl\u0259rl\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 maarifl\u0259ndirm\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259rinin apar\u0131lmas\u0131, idxal v\u0259 ixrac sah\u0259sind\u0259 ekoloji ekspertiza sah\u0259sind\u0259 keyfiyy\u0259tli f\u0259aliyy\u0259tin h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irilm\u0259si y\u00f6n\u00fcnd\u0259 aidiyy\u0259tli qurumlar\u0131n koordinasiyal\u0131 f\u0259aliyy\u0259tini COP29-dan sonra da davam etdirilm\u0259si aktuald\u0131r.<\/p>\n Haz\u0131rda Avropa\/Q\u0259rb medias\u0131nda \u0259n \u00e7ox s\u0259sl\u0259n\u0259n, iqlim v\u0259 insan h\u00fcquqlar\u0131 il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 son presedent q\u0259rar\u0131n \u201cdemokratiyaya, suveren d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259rin daxili i\u015fl\u0259rin\u0259 m\u00fcdaxil\u0259 v\u0259 s\u0259lahiyy\u0259tl\u0259rin a\u015fmas\u0131, xalq\u0131n irad\u0259si il\u0259 se\u00e7il\u0259n hakimiyy\u0259tin verdiyi q\u0259rarlar\u0131n A\u0130HM t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n iqnor edilm\u0259si\u201d kimi m\u00fcdd\u0259alar diqq\u0259ti c\u0259lb edir. Avropan\u0131n apar\u0131c\u0131 \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rinin A\u0130HM-i t\u0259rk etm\u0259si, \u201cinsan haqlar\u0131, yoxsa milli t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259sizlik, iqlim siyas\u0259ti xalq\u0131n rifah\u0131na qar\u015f\u0131 olmamal\u0131d\u0131r\u201d kimi q\u0259na\u0259tl\u0259ri d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc olub, bu qurumun q\u0259rarlar\u0131n\u0131n he\u00e7 d\u0259 h\u0259mi\u015f\u0259 m\u00fctl\u0259q \u0259dal\u0259t v\u0259 h\u00fcquqa deyil, siyasi amill\u0259r\u0259 \u0259saslanmas\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6st\u0259ricisi kimi izah edilm\u0259lidir. N\u00fcfuzlu beyn\u0259lxalq h\u00fcquq\u015f\u00fcnaslar\u0131n \u201cStrasburqda h\u00fcquqi deyil, art\u0131q siyasi q\u0259rarlar\u0131n q\u0259bul edilm\u0259si\u201d il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 q\u0259na\u0259tl\u0259ri burada \u0259sas arqument kimi \u00e7\u0131x\u0131\u015f edir.<\/p>\n A\u0130HM-i \u201cetalon, ideal\u201d qurum hesab ed\u0259n, \u00fcmumilikd\u0259, insan haqlar\u0131n\u0131 m\u00fcc\u0259rr\u0259d ritorikaya \u00e7evir\u0259n b\u0259zi dair\u0259l\u0259rin bu q\u0259rarla ba\u011fl\u0131 ziddiyy\u0259tli fikirl\u0259ri onlar\u0131n \u0259ksin\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259yir. A\u0130HM-d\u0259 veril\u0259n q\u0259r\u0259zli q\u0259rarlarla \u00fczl\u0259\u015f\u0259n \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259n biri kimi bu prosesl\u0259rin izl\u0259nilm\u0259si v\u0259 t\u0259hlili g\u00fcnd\u0259md\u0259dir.<\/p>\n Dig\u0259r \u0259sas q\u0259na\u0259tl\u0259rd\u0259n biri d\u0259 budur ki, qlobal ekoloji probleml\u0259r, iqlim d\u0259yi\u015fm\u0259l\u0259ri v\u0259 insan h\u00fcquqlar\u0131 il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 ba\u015f ver\u0259n prosesl\u0259r, presedent q\u0259rarlar Az\u0259rbaycanda x\u00fcsusil\u0259 diqq\u0259t m\u0259rk\u0259zind\u0259 olmal\u0131d\u0131r. M\u0259lumdur ki, 2024-c\u00fc il aprelin 12-d\u0259 Haaqada Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n iddias\u0131 \u00fczr\u0259 ilk r\u0259smi m\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259 prosesi ke\u00e7irilib. Torpaqlar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n 30 illik qeyri-qanuni i\u015f\u011fal\u0131 zaman\u0131 t\u00f6r\u0259dil\u0259n \u0259traf m\u00fchitin geni\u015f \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 da\u011f\u0131d\u0131lmas\u0131na dair m\u00f6vcud olan k\u00fclli miqdarda d\u0259lill\u0259r \u0259sas\u0131nda ilk arbitraj prosesi ba\u015flad\u0131l\u0131b. Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n t\u0259bi\u0259tinin, onun ekoloji m\u00fchitinin, t\u0259bii resurslar\u0131n\u0131n 30 ild\u0259n \u00e7ox talana m\u0259ruz qalmas\u0131, torpaqlar\u0131m\u0131za 1 milyondan \u00e7ox minan\u0131n basd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ba\u015flad\u0131lan proses v\u0259 s\u00f6z\u00fcged\u0259n m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259r aspektind\u0259 ara\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na, yeni presedent q\u0259rar\u0131n yaratd\u0131\u011f\u0131 imkanlar\u0131n ekoloji v\u0259 beyn\u0259lxalq h\u00fcquq sah\u0259sind\u0259 m\u00fct\u0259x\u0259ssisl\u0259rimiz t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n \u00f6yr\u0259nilm\u0259si v\u0259 t\u0259tbiqin\u0259 ehtiyac var.<\/p>\n Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n Qaraba\u011f b\u00f6lg\u0259sind\u0259n etnik t\u0259mizl\u0259m\u0259y\u0259 m\u0259ruz qalm\u0131\u015f bir milyona yax\u0131n qa\u00e7q\u0131n v\u0259 k\u00f6\u00e7k\u00fcn tam otuz ild\u0259n \u00e7ox ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ekosistemd\u0259n zorla did\u0259rgin sal\u0131n\u0131b, on ill\u0259rl\u0259 \u00e7ad\u0131r \u015f\u0259h\u0259rcikl\u0259rind\u0259 ya\u015fama\u011fa m\u0259cbur olub. Onlar d\u00fcnya v\u0259 \u00f6lk\u0259mizin, t\u0259bi\u0259tin \u0259n g\u00f6z\u0259l m\u0259kanlar\u0131ndan quvulub, \u0259n a\u011f\u0131r t\u0259bii iqlim \u015f\u0259rtl\u0259rind\u0259, d\u00f6z\u00fclm\u0259z isti, yaxud soyuq iqlim \u015f\u0259raitind\u0259 ya\u015fama\u011fa m\u0259cbur olublar. Erm\u0259nistan\u0131n t\u00f6r\u0259tdiyi bu cinay\u0259tl\u0259rin cavab\u0131n\u0131n sorulmas\u0131, iqlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyi v\u0259 insan haqlar\u0131 aspektind\u0259 g\u00fcnd\u0259md\u0259 saxlan\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u201c\u0130qlim qa\u00e7q\u0131n\u0131\u201d anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259nl\u0259\u015fdirilm\u0259sind\u0259 probleml\u0259r qalmaqdad\u0131r. Yuxar\u0131da qeyd edildiyi kimi: \u201c\u0130qlim qa\u00e7q\u0131nlar\u0131\u201d (environmental refugee) fenomeni 1985-ci ild\u0259n, BMT-nin \u018ftraf M\u00fchit Proqram\u0131n\u0131n (UNEP) eksperti Essam El-Hinnavi \u201cekoloji qa\u00e7q\u0131nlar\u201da t\u0259rifi verdikd\u0259n sonra ictimai m\u00fczakir\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 yer al\u0131b. El Hunnavinin \u201c\u018ftraf m\u00fchitd\u0259 m\u00f6vcudluqlar\u0131n\u0131 t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259 alt\u0131na alan v\u0259\/v\u0259 ya h\u0259yat keyfiyy\u0259tin\u0259 ciddi t\u0259sir g\u00f6st\u0259r\u0259n n\u0259z\u0259r\u0259\u00e7arpacaq (t\u0259bii v\u0259\/v\u0259 ya insanlar t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n t\u00f6r\u0259dil\u0259n) pozuntular s\u0259b\u0259bind\u0259n \u0259n\u0259n\u0259vi ya\u015fay\u0131\u015f yerl\u0259rini m\u00fcv\u0259qq\u0259ti v\u0259 ya daimi olaraq t\u0259rk etm\u0259y\u0259 m\u0259cbur olan insanlar\u201d t\u0259rifi \u201ciqlim qa\u00e7q\u0131nlar\u0131\u201d termini \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn d\u0259 istifad\u0259 olunur. Lakin \u201cekoloji\u201d v\u0259 \u201ciqlim\u201d aras\u0131nda praktiki f\u0259rqin olub-olmamas\u0131 qeyri-m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n olaraq qal\u0131r.<\/p>\n \u0130qlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyi s\u0259b\u0259bind\u0259n yerd\u0259yi\u015fm\u0259y\u0259 m\u0259ruz qalanlar\u0131n m\u00fcdafi\u0259sinin t\u0259min edilm\u0259si sah\u0259sind\u0259 \u0259sas probleml\u0259rd\u0259n biri \u201ciqlim qa\u00e7q\u0131n\u0131\u201d termininin m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259nl\u0259\u015fdirilm\u0259si il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 \u00e7\u0259tinlikl\u0259rd\u0259, h\u0259m\u00e7inin Qa\u00e7q\u0131nlar Konvensiyas\u0131 \u0259traf\u0131nda m\u00f6vcud diskursda v\u0259 \u201cekoloji qa\u00e7q\u0131nlar\u201d\u0131n m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259nl\u0259\u015fdirilm\u0259sin\u0259 dair \u0259vv\u0259lki c\u0259hdl\u0259rd\u0259dir. 2020-ci ild\u0259 Avropa \u0130qtisadi v\u0259 Sosial Komit\u0259sinin (European Economic and Social Committee – EESC) dinl\u0259m\u0259l\u0259ri zaman\u0131 Norve\u00e7 Biznes M\u0259kt\u0259binin v\u0259 Oslo Universitetinin professoru v\u0259 t\u0259dqiqat\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 \u0130zabel Borges qeyd etmi\u015fdir: \u201cEkoloji c\u0259h\u0259td\u0259n k\u00f6\u00e7k\u00fcn insan dedikd\u0259 n\u0259yin n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259 tutldu\u011funa dair d\u0259qiq t\u0259rifin olmamas\u0131 m\u00f6vcud v\u0259 potensial iqlim qa\u00e7q\u0131n ax\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n say\u0131n\u0131 d\u0259qiq \u00f6l\u00e7m\u0259yin m\u00fcmk\u00fcns\u00fczl\u00fcy\u00fcn\u0259 g\u0259tirib \u00e7\u0131xar\u0131b [9].<\/p>\n Akademik t\u0259dqiqat\u00e7\u0131lar Do\u00e7erti v\u0259 dig\u0259rl\u0259rinin (2009) fikrinc\u0259, \u201ciqlim qa\u00e7q\u0131n\u0131\u201d anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u201cm\u0259cburi miqrasiya, m\u00fcv\u0259qq\u0259ti v\u0259 ya daimi yerd\u0259yi\u015fm\u0259, transs\u0259rh\u0259d yerd\u0259yi\u015fm\u0259, iqlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyin\u0259 uy\u011fun pozuntular, q\u0259fil v\u0259 ya t\u0259drici pozuntular, \u00fcmumilikd\u0259, \u0259traf m\u00fchitin qorunmamas\u0131nda insan amilinin m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n edilm\u0259si \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn m\u0259qbul standartlar\u0131n m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n edilm\u0259si” kimi m\u0259qamlar\u0131 \u0259hat\u0259 etm\u0259lidir [4].<\/p>\n \u0130qliml\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 s\u0259b\u0259bl\u0259r\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 m\u0259cburi k\u00f6\u00e7k\u00fcn olmu\u015f insanlar\u0131 t\u0259svir etm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn istifad\u0259 edil\u0259n b\u0259zi terminl\u0259r, ad\u0259t\u0259n, \u201cekoloji qa\u00e7q\u0131n, \u0259traf m\u00fchitl\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 qa\u00e7q\u0131n\u201d (environmentally\/climate displaced person) termini m\u00fcxt\u0259lif qeyri-h\u00f6kum\u0259t t\u0259\u015fkilatlar\u0131 t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n t\u0259qdim olunan m\u00f6vqe s\u0259n\u0259dl\u0259rind\u0259, h\u0259m\u00e7inin mediada v\u0259 akademik \u0259d\u0259biyyatda istifad\u0259 edilir. Termin, x\u00fcsusil\u0259 \u0259traf m\u00fchit d\u0259yi\u015fikliyinin m\u00fcxt\u0259lif n\u00f6vl\u0259ri v\u0259 ekoloji s\u0259b\u0259bli mobillik aras\u0131nda f\u0259rql\u0259ndirm\u0259d\u0259n \u0259vv\u0259l, m\u00f6vzuya dair m\u00fczakir\u0259l\u0259rin erk\u0259n m\u0259rh\u0259l\u0259l\u0259ri il\u0259 \u0259laq\u0259l\u0259ndirilir. Bu anlamda termin \u201cm\u0259lumatl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 art\u0131rmaq v\u0259 yerd\u0259yi\u015fm\u0259nin m\u0259cburi xarakterin\u0259 diqq\u0259t yetirm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn\u201d istifad\u0259 edilir.<\/p>\n Qeyd ed\u0259k ki, iqlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyi s\u0259b\u0259bind\u0259n qa\u00e7q\u0131n olan insanlar\u0131 t\u0259svir etm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u201cqa\u00e7q\u0131n\u201d termininin v\u0259 statusunun istifad\u0259si d\u0259 t\u0259nqidl\u0259r\u0259 m\u0259ruz qal\u0131b. Bel\u0259 ki, bu terminin ilk n\u00f6vb\u0259d\u0259 1951-ci il Qa\u00e7q\u0131nlar Konvensiyas\u0131 v\u0259 beyn\u0259lxalq qa\u00e7q\u0131n h\u00fcququ kontekstind\u0259 x\u00fcsusi h\u00fcquqi m\u0259na da\u015f\u0131mas\u0131 \u0259sas g\u0259tirilir. BMT-nin m\u00fcvafiq qurumlar\u0131 v\u0259 Beyn\u0259lxalq Miqrasiya T\u0259\u015fkilat\u0131 (BMqT) hesab edir ki, \u201cqa\u00e7q\u0131n\u201d termininin istifad\u0259si bu kontekstd\u0259 yersiz ola bil\u0259r. 1951-ci il Qa\u00e7q\u0131nlar Konvensiyas\u0131nda n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259 tutulmu\u015f \u201cqa\u00e7q\u0131nlar\u201d anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n \u0259lav\u0259 \u015f\u0259xsl\u0259r kateqoriyas\u0131n\u0131 da \u0259hat\u0259 etm\u0259kl\u0259 geni\u015fl\u0259ndirilm\u0259si m\u0259qs\u0259d\u0259uy\u011fun v\u0259 ya m\u00fcmk\u00fcn hesab edilmir.<\/p>\n \u201c\u018ftraf m\u00fchit miqrant\u0131\u201d termini BMqT t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n d\u0259 geni\u015f istifad\u0259 olunur. Buna baxmayaraq, \u201cmiqrant\u201d termini h\u0259mi\u015f\u0259 uy\u011fun hesab olunmaya bil\u0259r, \u00e7\u00fcnki bu, k\u00f6\u00e7m\u0259k q\u0259rar\u0131nda m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259d\u0259 irad\u0259 oldu\u011funu g\u00f6st\u0259rir. Populyarl\u0131q qazanan \u0259n son terminl\u0259rd\u0259n biri \u201cekoloji\/iqlim s\u0259b\u0259bind\u0259n k\u00f6\u00e7k\u00fcn \u015f\u0259xsl\u0259r\u201ddir (climate-displaced persons). Bu termin t\u0259sviri xarakter da\u015f\u0131y\u0131r \u2013 h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259tlilik spektrinin \u0259n az\u0131 bir hiss\u0259sin\u0259 (yerd\u0259yi\u015fdirm\u0259) istinad edir v\u0259 m\u00fctl\u0259q idar\u0259etm\u0259 il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 m\u0259suliyy\u0259ti n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259 tutmur. \u201cK\u00f6\u00e7k\u00fcn\u201d anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n beyn\u0259lxalq s\u0259viyy\u0259d\u0259 q\u0259bul edilmi\u015f h\u00fcquqi t\u0259rifi olmasa da, \u201cm\u0259cburi k\u00f6\u00e7k\u00fcnl\u0259r\u201d anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u00f6lk\u0259 daxilind\u0259 k\u00f6\u00e7k\u00fcnl\u00fckl\u0259r ba\u015f verdikd\u0259 aktuald\u0131r.<\/p>\n BMT-nin Miqrasiya Agentliyinin (IOM) Miqrasiya, \u018ftraf M\u00fchit v\u0259 \u0130qlim D\u0259yi\u015fikliyi (Migration, Environment and Climate Change (MECC) Division at the UN Migration Agency (IOM) b\u00f6lm\u0259sinin r\u0259hb\u0259ri Dina \u0130onesko miqrasiya, \u0259traf m\u00fchit v\u0259 iqlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyi aras\u0131nda \u0259laq\u0259d\u0259n \u00e7\u0131x\u0131\u015f ed\u0259r\u0259k, \u201c\u0130qlim qa\u00e7q\u0131n\u0131, yoxsa miqrant\u201d sual\u0131na cavab verib. Onun fikrin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259, iqlim miqrantlar\u0131 uzun ill\u0259r miqrasiya v\u0259 iqlim m\u00fczakir\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 g\u00f6r\u00fcnm\u0259z olub. Buna g\u00f6r\u0259 d\u0259, BMqT-d\u0259ki f\u0259aliyy\u0259ti 10 ild\u0259n \u00e7ox m\u00fcdd\u0259td\u0259 iqlim v\u0259 \u0259traf m\u00fchit faktorlar\u0131n\u0131 i\u015f\u0131qland\u0131rmaq v\u0259 iqlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyinin birba\u015fa v\u0259 dolay\u0131 yolla insanlar\u0131n h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259tliliyin\u0259 t\u0259sir etdiyini g\u00f6st\u0259r\u0259n s\u00fcbutlar toplusunun, datan\u0131n yarad\u0131lmas\u0131na y\u00f6n\u0259lib. S\u00f6z\u00fcged\u0259n kontekstd\u0259 m\u00f6vcud qa\u00e7q\u0131n statusu il\u0259 paralel iqlim\u0259 aid h\u00fcquqi statusun bu g\u00fcn\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r yarad\u0131lmamas\u0131 paradoksal g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u0259 bil\u0259r. \u0130qlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyinin v\u0259 \u0259traf m\u00fchitin deqradasiyas\u0131n\u0131n insanlar\u0131n mobilliyin\u0259 nec\u0259 t\u0259sir etdiyin\u0259 dair m\u00f6vcud d\u0259lill\u0259rin getdikc\u0259 artmas\u0131na baxmayaraq, iqlim qa\u00e7q\u0131nlar\u0131 statusunun m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n edilm\u0259sin\u0259 dair m\u00fczakir\u0259l\u0259rin haz\u0131rk\u0131 durumu dar v\u0259 birt\u0259r\u0259fli m\u00fczakir\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 s\u0259b\u0259b olur. \u0130qlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyi v\u0259 insan h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259tliliyinin m\u00fcr\u0259kk\u0259b qar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ql\u0131 as\u0131l\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 fonunda poblemin h\u0259lli \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn yaln\u0131z qism\u0259n h\u0259ll\u0259r t\u0259min edilib.<\/p>\n Media \u201ciqlim qa\u00e7q\u0131nlar\u0131\u201d il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 yenilikl\u0259r \u0259ld\u0259 etm\u0259y\u0259 \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r, 10, yaxud 20 ild\u0259n sonra n\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r iqlim qa\u00e7q\u0131n\u0131n\u0131n olaca\u011f\u0131na dair proqnozlar t\u0259l\u0259b edir. Dig\u0259r t\u0259r\u0259fd\u0259n is\u0259 bunun \u0259ksin\u0259 olaraq, b\u0259zi simvolik ki\u00e7ik ada d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259ri dig\u0259rl\u0259ri il\u0259 yana\u015f\u0131, iqlim qa\u00e7q\u0131nlar\u0131na \u00e7evrilm\u0259k ist\u0259m\u0259dikl\u0259rini bildirir. Onlar \u00f6z evl\u0259rind\u0259 qala bilm\u0259k v\u0259 ya h\u0259r \u015feyi arxada qoymadan l\u0259yaq\u0259tl\u0259 v\u0259 m\u00fcnt\u0259z\u0259m kanallarla h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259t etm\u0259k ist\u0259yirl\u0259r. M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, iqlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyinin m\u0259nfi t\u0259sirl\u0259rinin \u00e7obanlar\u0131n miqrasiyas\u0131na t\u0259sir etdiyi, Monqolustan\u0131n Sergelen adl\u0131 m\u0259kan\u0131nda ya\u015fayanlara g\u00f6r\u0259, \u201cOtlaqlar olmayanda h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259tlilik art\u0131r. Yazda bir \u00e7ox miqrant c\u0259nubdan \u015fimala k\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcr. \u0130qlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyin\u0259 qalib g\u0259lm\u0259yin ba\u015fqa yolu yoxdur. B\u00fct\u00fcn insanlar \u00f6z heyvanlar\u0131 il\u0259 sa\u011f qalmaq v\u0259 mal-qaralar\u0131n\u0131 qoruya bil\u0259c\u0259kl\u0259ri yer\u0259 g\u0259lm\u0259k ist\u0259yirl\u0259r\u201d v\u0259 s.<\/p>\n \u201c\u0130qlim qa\u00e7q\u0131nlarindan deyil, iqlim miqrantlarindan dan\u0131\u015fmaq\u201d daha m\u0259qbul hal ola bil\u0259r. \u201c\u0130qlim qa\u00e7q\u0131nlar\u0131\u201d obraz\u0131 m\u00fcharib\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259n v\u0259 m\u00fcnaqi\u015f\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259n qa\u00e7anlar\u0131n indiki g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcl\u0259rini \u0259ks etdirdiyi \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn ham\u0131da metaforik \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 rezonans do\u011furur. \u0130qlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyi t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259si il\u0259 biz milyonlarla insan\u0131n g\u0259l\u0259c\u0259kd\u0259 qa\u00e7q\u0131n v\u0259ziyy\u0259tin\u0259 d\u00fc\u015f\u0259c\u0259yini t\u0259s\u0259vv\u00fcr edirik.<\/p>\n Bununla bel\u0259, iqlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyi kontekstind\u0259 miqrasiya m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259sini \u201ciqlim qa\u00e7q\u0131nlar\u0131\u201d statusuna endirm\u0259k iqlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyi v\u0259 \u0259traf m\u00fchitin deqradasiyas\u0131 kontekstind\u0259 insan h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259tliliyini m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n ed\u0259n bir s\u0131ra \u0259sas aspektl\u0259ri tan\u0131ya bilmir. S\u00f6z\u00fcged\u0259n aspektl\u0259rd\u0259n b\u0259zil\u0259ri a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dak\u0131 kimidir:<\/p>\n l \u201c\u0130qlim miqrasiyas\u0131 \u0259sas\u0259n \u00f6lk\u0259daxilidir: miqrasiya daxili olduqda, k\u00f6\u00e7\u0259n insanlar \u00f6z d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259rinin m\u0259suliyy\u0259ti alt\u0131ndad\u0131rlar, s\u0259rh\u0259dl\u0259ri ke\u00e7mirl\u0259r v\u0259 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc \u00f6lk\u0259d\u0259n v\u0259 ya beyn\u0259lxalq s\u0259viyy\u0259d\u0259 m\u00fcdafi\u0259 axtarm\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n l Miqrasiya h\u0259mi\u015f\u0259 m\u0259cburi deyil, x\u00fcsusil\u0259 d\u0259 t\u0259drici ba\u015flayan prosesl\u0259r \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn miqrasiya m\u0259hdud olsa bel\u0259, h\u0259l\u0259 d\u0259 se\u00e7im m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259sidir, ona g\u00f6r\u0259 d\u0259 \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259r qa\u00e7q\u0131nlar\u0131n m\u00fcdafi\u0259si deyil, ilk n\u00f6vb\u0259d\u0259 miqrasiya idar\u0259\u00e7iliyi v\u0259 sazi\u015fl\u0259r \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnm\u0259lidirl\u0259r.<\/p>\n l \u018ftraf m\u00fchit\/iqlim s\u0259b\u0259bl\u0259rini, x\u00fcsus\u0259n humanitar, siyasi, sosial, m\u00fcnaqi\u015f\u0259 v\u0259 ya iqtisadi s\u0259b\u0259bl\u0259rd\u0259n t\u0259crid etm\u0259k \u00e7\u0259tindir. Bu, b\u0259z\u0259n qeyri-m\u00fcmk\u00fcn bir i\u015f ola, uzun v\u0259 qeyri-real h\u00fcquqi prosedurlara s\u0259b\u0259b ola bil\u0259r.<\/p>\n l \u0130qlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyi il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 s\u0259b\u0259bl\u0259r \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn x\u00fcsusi qa\u00e7q\u0131n statusunun yarad\u0131lmas\u0131, t\u0259\u0259ss\u00fcf ki, h\u0259ll yolu kimi axtar\u0131lan\u0131n \u0259ks t\u0259sirl\u0259rin\u0259 s\u0259b\u0259b ola bil\u0259r: bu, m\u00fcdafi\u0259y\u0259 ehtiyac\u0131 olan insanlar\u0131n kateqoriyalar\u0131n\u0131n, x\u00fcsus\u0259n d\u0259 iqlim v\u0259 \u0259traf m\u00fchit amill\u0259ri il\u0259 \u0259laq\u0259ni s\u00fcbut ed\u0259 bilm\u0259y\u0259c\u0259k, t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259 s\u0259b\u0259bind\u0259n k\u00f6\u00e7\u0259n \u0259n yoxsul miqrantlar\u0131n h\u00fcquqi \u00e7\u0259r\u00e7iv\u0259d\u0259n xaric edilm\u0259sin\u0259 s\u0259b\u0259b ola bil\u0259r.<\/p>\n l 1951-ci il Qa\u00e7q\u0131nlar Konvensiyas\u0131na yenid\u0259n bax\u0131lmas\u0131, iqlim amilinin buraya \u0259lav\u0259 edilm\u0259si qa\u00e7q\u0131n statusunu z\u0259ifl\u0259d\u0259 bil\u0259r ki, bu da t\u0259qibl\u0259r v\u0259 davam ed\u0259n m\u00fcnaqi\u015f\u0259l\u0259r s\u0259b\u0259bind\u0259n bu q\u0259d\u0259r insan\u0131n m\u00fcdafi\u0259y\u0259 ehtiyac\u0131 oldu\u011fu d\u00fcnyam\u0131z\u0131n v\u0259ziyy\u0259tini n\u0259z\u0259r\u0259 alsaq, faci\u0259vi ola bil\u0259r.<\/p>\n l Yeni konvensiya yaratmaq olduqca uzun bir siyasi proses oldu\u011fu \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rin buna mara\u011f\u0131 olmaya bil\u0259r. Miqrasiya \u00fczr\u0259 2011-ci il Beyn\u0259lxalq Dialoqunda v\u0259 bu yax\u0131nlarda q\u0259bul edilmi\u015f T\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259siz, Nizaml\u0131 v\u0259 Daimi Miqrasiya \u00fczr\u0259 Qlobal Sazi\u015fd\u0259 vur\u011fuland\u0131\u011f\u0131 kimi, miqrasiya idar\u0259\u00e7iliyi v\u0259 siyas\u0259tind\u0259n \u00e7oxlu cavablar tap\u0131la bil\u0259r. Tematik v\u0259 regional m\u0259sl\u0259h\u0259tl\u0259\u015fm\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259n sonra f\u0259lak\u0259tl\u0259r n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 s\u0259rh\u0259dl\u0259ri a\u015fm\u0131\u015f insanlar\u0131n m\u00fcdafi\u0259sind\u0259ki bo\u015fluqlar\u0131 ara\u015fd\u0131rmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn ba\u015flad\u0131lan Nansen T\u0259\u015f\u0259bb\u00fcs\u00fc d\u0259 yeni statusun yarad\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 t\u00f6vsiy\u0259 etm\u0259kd\u0259ns\u0259, bu insanlar \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn miqrasiya siyas\u0259tinin \u201cal\u0259tl\u0259r-h\u0259ll\u0259r d\u0259stini\u201d t\u0259klif ed\u0259n bir s\u0259n\u0259dl haz\u0131rlay\u0131b [13].<\/p>\n B\u00fct\u00fcn qeyd edil\u0259nl\u0259r\u0259 r\u0259\u011fm\u0259n, iqlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyi v\u0259 k\u00f6\u00e7k\u00fcnl\u00fcy\u00fcn, yerd\u0259yi\u015fm\u0259y\u0259 dair bax\u015flar\u0131n mifll\u0259r v\u0259 faktlar kimi f\u0259rql\u0259ndirilm\u0259si d\u0259 geni\u015f yay\u0131l\u0131b. BMT-nin ara\u015fd\u0131rmas\u0131na g\u00f6r\u0259, iqlim b\u00f6hran\u0131 v\u0259 yerd\u0259yi\u015fm\u0259 il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 be\u015f mif art\u0131q m\u0259hv edilib. Bel\u0259 ki, iqlim b\u00f6hran\u0131 v\u0259 insanlar\u0131n yerd\u0259yi\u015fm\u0259si getdikc\u0259 daha \u00e7ox bir-birin\u0259 s\u0131x ba\u011fl\u0131 olur. Ger\u00e7\u0259klik bundan ibar\u0259tdir ki, 2022-ci ild\u0259 qeyd\u0259 al\u0131nan yeni k\u00f6\u00e7k\u00fcnl\u0259rin yar\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00e7oxu n\u0259inki iqliml\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 f\u0259lak\u0259tl\u0259r s\u0259b\u0259bind\u0259n qeyd\u0259 al\u0131n\u0131b, h\u0259m d\u0259 qa\u00e7q\u0131nlar\u0131n v\u0259 m\u0259cburi k\u00f6\u00e7k\u00fcnl\u0259rin t\u0259xmin\u0259n 60 faizi haz\u0131rda iqlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyin\u0259 \u0259n h\u0259ssas olan \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 ya\u015fay\u0131r [5].<\/p>\n \u201c\u0130qlim qa\u00e7q\u0131nlar\u0131\u201d mediada iqliml\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 hadis\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 evl\u0259rini t\u0259rk etm\u0259k m\u0259cburiyy\u0259tind\u0259 qalan insanlar\u0131 t\u0259svir etm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn tez-tez istifad\u0259 olunan ifad\u0259 olsa da, beyn\u0259lxalq h\u00fcquqda r\u0259smi olaraq tan\u0131nan termin deyil. Yuxar\u0131da qeyd edildiyi kimi, iqliml\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 yerd\u0259yi\u015fm\u0259l\u0259rin \u0259ks\u0259riyy\u0259ti \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259r daxilind\u0259 ba\u015f verir, halbuki 1951-ci il tarixli Qa\u00e7q\u0131nlar Konvensiyas\u0131 yaln\u0131z t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259sizlik tapmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn beyn\u0259lxalq s\u0259rh\u0259di ke\u00e7\u0259n m\u00fcharib\u0259, zorak\u0131l\u0131q, m\u00fcnaqi\u015f\u0259 v\u0259 ya t\u0259qibl\u0259rd\u0259n qa\u00e7an \u015f\u0259xsl\u0259ri m\u00fcdafi\u0259 edir. Yaln\u0131z iqlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyi v\u0259 ya f\u0259lak\u0259tl\u0259r kontekstind\u0259 yerd\u0259yi\u015fm\u0259 1951-ci il Konvensiyas\u0131 il\u0259 \u0259hat\u0259 olunmasa da, iqlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyi n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 f\u0259rdin t\u0259qib v\u0259 ya zorak\u0131l\u0131qla \u00fczl\u0259\u015fm\u0259 riski artd\u0131qda bu t\u0259tbiq edil\u0259 bil\u0259r. M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, 2021-ci ild\u0259 Kamerunun \u015fimal\u0131nda, iqlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyi il\u0259 \u0259laq\u0259dar azalan su ehtiyatlar\u0131 il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 \u00e7obanlar v\u0259 bal\u0131q\u00e7\u0131lar aras\u0131nda ba\u015f ver\u0259n zorak\u0131l\u0131qdan sonra y\u00fczl\u0259rl\u0259 insan \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc v\u0259 on minl\u0259rl\u0259 insan qon\u015fu \u00c7ada qa\u00e7d\u0131 [7].<\/p>\n B\u0259zi bax\u0131\u015flara g\u00f6r\u0259 is\u0259 d\u00fcnyada iqlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyi il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 k\u00f6\u00e7k\u00fcnl\u00fcy\u00fcn qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 almaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn n\u0259s\u0259 etm\u0259k art\u0131q \u00e7ox gecdir. Bununla yana\u015f\u0131, \u0259ks m\u00f6vqed\u0259 olanlar is\u0259 hesab edir ki, qlobal istil\u0259\u015fm\u0259 davam edir, orta temperatur indi 1800-c\u00fc ill\u0259rin sonunda oldu\u011fundan t\u0259xmin\u0259n 1,1\u00b0C daha istidir. Lakin qlobal istil\u0259\u015fm\u0259ni minimuma endirm\u0259k v\u0259 ya emissiyalar\u0131 azaltmaq, h\u0259ssas \u0259halinin dayan\u0131ql\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131ran v\u0259 insanlar\u0131n k\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcr\u00fclm\u0259 v\u0259 ya ba\u015fqa \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 m\u0259nfi t\u0259sir\u0259 m\u0259ruz qalmas\u0131 riskini azaldan uy\u011funla\u015fmaya s\u0259rmay\u0259 qoymaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259t\u0259 ke\u00e7m\u0259k h\u0259l\u0259 d\u0259 gec deyil. \u0130nsanlara ekstremal hava \u015f\u0259raitin\u0259 daha yax\u015f\u0131 haz\u0131rla\u015fmaqda v\u0259 d\u0259yi\u015f\u0259n iqlim\u0259 uy\u011funla\u015fmaqda k\u00f6m\u0259k etm\u0259k m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Biz, h\u0259m\u00e7inin yoxsulluq, b\u0259rab\u0259rsizlik v\u0259 zorak\u0131l\u0131q kimi iqlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyi il\u0259 g\u00fccl\u0259n\u0259n k\u00f6\u00e7k\u00fcnl\u00fcy\u00fcn b\u0259zi dig\u0259r \u0259sas s\u0259b\u0259bl\u0259ri il\u0259 d\u0259 m\u00fcbariz\u0259 apara bil\u0259rik. Qa\u00e7q\u0131nlar v\u0259 m\u0259cburi k\u00f6\u00e7k\u00fcnl\u0259r, m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, a\u011fac \u0259km\u0259 layih\u0259l\u0259ri, t\u0259bli\u011fat kampaniyalar\u0131, f\u0259lak\u0259tl\u0259r\u0259 haz\u0131rl\u0131q s\u0259yl\u0259ri v\u0259 kol yan\u011f\u0131nlar\u0131 il\u0259 m\u00fcbariz\u0259 vasit\u0259sil\u0259 davaml\u0131l\u0131q yaratmaq v\u0259 iqlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyinin t\u0259sirl\u0259rin\u0259 uy\u011funla\u015fmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn f\u0259aliyy\u0259t g\u00f6st\u0259r\u0259nl\u0259r aras\u0131ndad\u0131r. 2023-c\u00fc ild\u0259 Dubayda ke\u00e7iril\u0259n COP28 – BMT-nin \u0130qlim D\u0259yi\u015fikliyi Konfrans\u0131nda T\u0259r\u0259fl\u0259r bu c\u00fcr t\u0259dbirl\u0259ri h\u0259yata ke\u00e7ir\u0259n qa\u00e7q\u0131nlar\u0131n r\u0259hb\u0259rlik etdiyi t\u0259\u015fkilatlara daha \u00e7ox d\u0259st\u0259k verm\u0259y\u0259 v\u0259 onlar\u0131n i\u015ftirak\u0131 olmadan m\u00fcvafiq q\u0259rarlar\u0131n q\u0259bul edilm\u0259m\u0259sin\u0259 dair m\u00fczakir\u0259l\u0259rin intensivl\u0259\u015fm\u0259sin\u0259 \u00e7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131b.<\/p>\n Ekstremal hava, artan temperatur v\u0259 z\u0259d\u0259l\u0259nmi\u015f ekosisteml\u0259r milyonlarla iqlim qa\u00e7q\u0131n\u0131n\u0131n h\u0259yat\u0131n\u0131 t\u0259hdid edir. \u0130qlim miqrasiyas\u0131 problemini h\u0259ll etm\u0259k v\u0259 iqlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyinin \u201cd\u00fcnyan\u0131n unudulmu\u015f qurbanlar\u0131na\u201d k\u00f6m\u0259k etm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn kollektiv s\u0259yl\u0259r t\u0259l\u0259b edilir.<\/p>\n \u0130qlim miqrasiyas\u0131 insanlar\u0131n h\u0259yat\u0131n\u0131 m\u0259hv edir, da\u015fq\u0131nlar, \u0259lveri\u015fsiz hava, quraql\u0131q, s\u0259hrala\u015fma, d\u0259niz s\u0259viyy\u0259sinin qalxmas\u0131, habel\u0259 \u0259ksi – d\u0259niz suyunun \u00e7\u0259kilm\u0259si, t\u0259miz i\u00e7m\u0259li suyun olmamas\u0131 s\u0259b\u0259bind\u0259n ill\u0259rl\u0259 ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ya\u015fay\u0131\u015f m\u0259kanlar\u0131ndan m\u0259hrum olmaq, sa\u011f qalmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn ekosistemini t\u0259rk etm\u0259y\u0259 m\u0259cbur qalmaq – qlobal istil\u0259\u015fm\u0259nin bu g\u00fcn getdikc\u0259 k\u0259skinl\u0259\u015f\u0259n real m\u0259nz\u0259r\u0259sidir.<\/p>\n \u0130qlim miqrantlar\u0131 – iqlim b\u00f6hran\u0131n\u0131n c\u0259bh\u0259 x\u0259ttind\u0259 ya\u015fayan milyonlarla iqlim qa\u00e7q\u0131nlar\u0131 \u00f6zl\u0259rinin g\u00fcnahkar olmad\u0131qlar\u0131 f\u0259lak\u0259tl\u0259rl\u0259 \u00fcz-\u00fcz\u0259 qal\u0131r. T\u0259dqiqat\u00e7\u0131lar, iqlim f\u0259allar\u0131 is\u0259 h\u0259y\u0259can t\u0259bili \u00e7al\u0131r: qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131 al\u0131nmazsa, iqlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyi t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259si qlobal miqyasda artacaq, iqlim miqrantlar\u0131n\u0131n say\u0131 eksponent x\u0259tt \u00fczr\u0259 y\u00fcks\u0259l\u0259c\u0259k.<\/p>\n \u201cBeyn\u0259lxalq K\u00f6\u00e7k\u00fcnl\u0259rin Monitorinqi M\u0259rk\u0259zi\u201dnin (International Displacement Monitoring Centre) m\u0259lumat\u0131na g\u00f6r\u0259, 2008-2016-c\u0131 ill\u0259r aras\u0131nda da\u015fq\u0131nlar, tufanlar, me\u015f\u0259 yan\u011f\u0131nlar\u0131 v\u0259 quraql\u0131qlar kimi hava \u015f\u0259raiti il\u0259 \u0259laq\u0259dar hadis\u0259l\u0259r n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 h\u0259r il orta hesabla 21,5 milyon insan m\u0259cburi k\u00f6\u00e7k\u00fcn olub. 2022-ci ild\u0259 bu r\u0259q\u0259m 32,6 milyona \u00e7at\u0131b. Beyn\u0259lxalq beyin m\u0259rk\u0259zi olan \u201c\u0130qtisadiyyat v\u0259 S\u00fclh \u0130nstitutu\u201d (The Institute for Economics and Peace (IEP) illik \u201cEkoloji T\u0259hdidl\u0259r Reyestri (ETR)\u201d (Ecological Threat Register (ETR) haz\u0131rlay\u0131r. Beyin m\u0259rk\u0259zi bu r\u0259q\u0259min daha da artaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131, iqlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyi v\u0259 t\u0259bii f\u0259lak\u0259tl\u0259r s\u0259b\u0259bind\u0259n 2050-ci il\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r 1,2 milyard insan\u0131n \u00f6z haz\u0131rk\u0131 ya\u015fay\u0131\u015f yerl\u0259rini t\u0259rk ed\u0259c\u0259yini proqnozla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131r. \u0130qlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyi co\u011frafi s\u0259rh\u0259d tan\u0131m\u0131r v\u0259 onun insanlar\u0131n h\u0259yat\u0131na t\u0259sirini yum\u015faltmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn d\u0259rhal qlobal kollektiv f\u0259aliyy\u0259t\u0259 ehtiyac var\u201d [25].<\/p>\n Onu da qeyd ed\u0259k kki, \u201c\u0130qtisadiyyat v\u0259 S\u00fclh \u0130nstitutu\u201d \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201cQlobal S\u00fclh \u0130ndeksi\u201d v\u0259 \u201cQlobal Terrorizm \u0130ndeksi\u201d (Global Peace Index and Global Terrorism Index) kimi hesabatlar\u0131 il\u0259 m\u0259\u015fhur olan apar\u0131c\u0131 beyn\u0259lxalq ara\u015fd\u0131rma m\u0259rk\u0259zidir. \u0130nstitutun 2020-ci ild\u0259n ba\u015flayaraq haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201cEkoloji T\u0259hdidl\u0259r Reyestri\u201d \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rin haz\u0131rda \u00fczl\u0259\u015fdiyi ekoloji t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259l\u0259ri monitorinq edir, 2050-ci il\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r proqnozlar verir. Hesabatda ekstremal ekoloji \u015foklar\u0131n \u00f6hd\u0259sind\u0259n g\u0259lm\u0259k ehtimal\u0131 \u0259n az olan \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259ri m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n etm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn davaml\u0131l\u0131q g\u00f6st\u0259ricil\u0259rini \u0259traf m\u00fchit m\u0259lumatlar\u0131 il\u0259 m\u00fcqayis\u0259li t\u0259hlil edilir.<\/p>\n Beyin m\u0259rk\u0259zi COP29 \u0259r\u0259f\u0259sind\u0259 ekoloji dayan\u0131ql\u0131l\u0131\u011fa m\u0259qs\u0259dy\u00f6nl\u00fc investisiyalar\u0131n ekoloji deqradasiyadan – ifrat yoxsulluqdan, resurs r\u0259qab\u0259tind\u0259n, m\u0259cburi miqrasiyadan m\u00fcnaqi\u015f\u0259y\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r olan n\u0259tic\u0259l\u0259rin qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n al\u0131nmas\u0131na nec\u0259 k\u00f6m\u0259k ed\u0259 bil\u0259c\u0259yini ara\u015fd\u0131raraq t\u0259qdim edib.<\/p>\n Az\u0259rbaycanda 2024-c\u00fc ild\u0259 36 n\u0259f\u0259r iqlim d\u0259yi\u015fm\u0259si s\u0259b\u0259bind\u0259n \u00f6lk\u0259daxili k\u00f6\u00e7k\u00fcn d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcb [3].<\/p>\n Beyn\u0259lxalq Q\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 Xa\u00e7 Federasiyas\u0131n\u0131n (IFRC) m\u0259lumat\u0131na g\u00f6r\u0259, oktyabr\u0131n 12-d\u0259 Hac\u0131qabul rayonunda 36 n\u0259f\u0259r da\u015fq\u0131nlar s\u0259b\u0259bind\u0259n evl\u0259rini t\u0259rk edib. Hac\u0131qabulda t\u0259bii f\u0259lak\u0259t, Mu\u015fov da\u011f\u0131ndan ba\u015flayan g\u00fccl\u00fc da\u015fq\u0131nlar v\u0259 intensiv ya\u011f\u0131nt\u0131lar s\u0259b\u0259bind\u0259n \u015f\u0259h\u0259r m\u0259rk\u0259zin\u0259 elektrik enerjisinin verili\u015find\u0259 fasil\u0259l\u0259r yaran\u0131b. Rayon m\u0259rk\u0259zi il\u0259 yana\u015f\u0131, \u201cQubal\u0131 Balo\u011flan\u201d, \u201cPirsaat\u201d, \u201cUdulu\u201d, \u201cN\u0259vahi\u201d, \u201cQ\u0131z\u0131lburun\u201d k\u0259ndl\u0259rind\u0259 d\u0259 300-d\u0259n \u00e7ox t\u0259s\u0259rr\u00fcfat su alt\u0131nda qal\u0131b, g\u00fccl\u00fc leysan n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 \u015eirvan-Hac\u0131qabul d\u0259mir yolu sel sular\u0131na m\u0259ruz qal\u0131b.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n N\u018fT\u0130C\u018f: <\/strong><\/p>\n Qlobal miqyasl\u0131 q\u0259rar <\/strong>q\u0259bulunda l\u0259ngim\u0259l\u0259r fonunda\u00a0<\/strong>perspektivl\u0259r\u0259 n\u0259z\u0259r<\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n M\u0259qal\u0259d\u0259 COP29 t\u0259dbirin\u0259 ev sahibliyi ed\u0259n Az\u0259rbaycanda ilk d\u0259f\u0259 \u201ciqlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyi v\u0259 iqlim miqrasiyas\u0131, iqlim k\u00f6\u00e7k\u00fcnl\u0259ri, insan h\u00fcquqlar\u0131\u201d \u0259sasl\u0131 iqlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyi m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259ri t\u0259dqiq edilib. Qeyd edilir ki, son d\u00f6vrd\u0259 aliml\u0259r iqlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyinin ciddi t\u0259sirl\u0259rini, milyonlarla insan\u0131 yax\u0131n onillikl\u0259rd\u0259 evl\u0259rini t\u0259rk etm\u0259y\u0259 m\u0259cbur ed\u0259 bil\u0259c\u0259k t\u0259hdidl\u0259ri proqnozla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131r. Lakin aidiyy\u0259ti beyn\u0259lxalq qurumlar v\u0259 t\u0259\u015fkilatlar, bir s\u0131ra d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259r yax\u0131nla\u015fan b\u00f6hranla m\u00fcbariz\u0259 aparmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn kifay\u0259t q\u0259d\u0259r siyasi irad\u0259y\u0259 v\u0259 h\u00fcquqi \u0259saslara malik deyil.<\/p>\n Yer k\u00fcr\u0259sinin h\u0259rt\u0259r\u0259fli idar\u0259\u00e7iliyin\u0259 y\u00f6n\u0259lmi\u015f daha geni\u015f proqram\u0131n bir hiss\u0259si kimi iqlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyin\u0259 qlobal uy\u011funla\u015fma y\u00f6n\u00fcnd\u0259 idar\u0259\u00e7ilik v\u0259 t\u0259nziml\u0259m\u0259 siyas\u0259tind\u0259 sistemli islahatlara ehtiyac var. Yuxar\u0131da qeyd edildiyi kimi, m\u00fcmk\u00fcn islahat variantlar\u0131ndan b\u0259zil\u0259ri \u2013 qa\u00e7q\u0131nlar\u0131n statusu il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 1951-ci il Cenevr\u0259 Konvensiyas\u0131na \u0259sas\u0259n qa\u00e7q\u0131nlar\u0131n t\u0259rifinin geni\u015fl\u0259ndirilm\u0259si v\u0259 ya BMT T\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259sizlik \u015euras\u0131na \u00f6hd\u0259likl\u0259rin verilm\u0259si \u2013 daha az perspektivlidir v\u0259 h\u0259tta \u0259ks-m\u0259hsuldar ola bil\u0259r. Daha yax\u015f\u0131 h\u0259ll yolu iqlim qa\u00e7q\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n ehtiyaclar\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn x\u00fcsusi olaraq haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f yeni h\u00fcquqi al\u0259tin \u2013 \u0130qlim Qa\u00e7q\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n BMT-nin \u0130qlim D\u0259yi\u015fikliyi \u00fczr\u0259 \u00c7\u0259r\u00e7iv\u0259 Konvensiyas\u0131nda tan\u0131nmas\u0131, m\u00fchafiz\u0259si v\u0259 k\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcr\u00fclm\u0259sin\u0259 dair Protokolun, ayr\u0131ca maliyy\u0259l\u0259\u015fdirm\u0259 mexanizmi il\u0259 d\u0259st\u0259kl\u0259nm\u0259si m\u0259qs\u0259d\u0259uy\u011fundur. \u0130qlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyinin t\u0259sirl\u0259rinin geni\u015f proqnozla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 haz\u0131rl\u0131q v\u0259 planla\u015fd\u0131rma t\u0259l\u0259b edir v\u0259 buna imkan verir. Ona g\u00f6r\u0259 d\u0259 bu protokolun f\u00f6vq\u0259lad\u0259 hallara cavab t\u0259dbirl\u0259ri v\u0259 f\u0259lak\u0259tl\u0259r\u0259 yard\u0131m bax\u0131m\u0131ndan deyil, planla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f v\u0259 t\u0259\u015fkil edilmi\u015f k\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc k\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcrm\u0259 proqramlar\u0131nda t\u0259rtib edilm\u0259si \u00e7ox vacibdir. Ekstremal hava hadis\u0259l\u0259rinin ba\u015f verm\u0259sini, adalar\u0131n v\u0259 sahilyan\u0131 b\u00f6lg\u0259l\u0259rin su alt\u0131nda qalmas\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6zl\u0259m\u0259y\u0259 ehtiyac yoxdur. T\u0259sir\u0259 m\u0259ruz qalan insanlar \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn prosesi m\u0259qbul v\u0259 d\u00f6z\u00fcml\u00fc etm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn praktiki v\u0259 ya iqtisadi s\u0259b\u0259bl\u0259r\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 artan sahil m\u00fcdafi\u0259si vasit\u0259sil\u0259 uzun m\u00fcdd\u0259t \u0259rzind\u0259 qoruya bilm\u0259y\u0259c\u0259yimiz b\u00fct\u00fcn \u0259razil\u0259r uzunm\u00fcdd\u0259tli k\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcrm\u0259 v\u0259 reinteqrasiya proqramlar\u0131na erk\u0259n daxil edilm\u0259lidir. Bununla bel\u0259, bu, effektiv v\u0259 m\u00fcvafiq idar\u0259etm\u0259 mexanizml\u0259rinin yarad\u0131lmas\u0131 bax\u0131m\u0131ndan erk\u0259n h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259t\u0259 ke\u00e7m\u0259yi t\u0259l\u0259b edir. \u0130qlim qa\u00e7q\u0131nlar\u0131 protokolunun planla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 v\u0259 m\u00fcvafiq institusional parametrl\u0259r nizaml\u0131 v\u0259 m\u00fct\u0259\u015f\u0259kkil cavablar \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u00e7ox gec ola bil\u0259c\u0259k tarix\u0259 – 2050-ci il\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r g\u00f6zl\u0259y\u0259 bilm\u0259z. Proses\u0259 indi ba\u015flan\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n M\u00fct\u0259x\u0259ssisl\u0259r x\u00fcsusil\u0259 \u0259traf m\u00fchit\u0259 t\u0259sirl\u0259rin insan h\u00fcquqlar\u0131 pozuntusunu t\u0259\u015fkil etm\u0259sinin artan etiraf\u0131n\u0131 n\u0259z\u0259r\u0259 alaraq, insan h\u00fcquqlar\u0131 \u00fczr\u0259 m\u00f6vcud v\u0259zif\u0259l\u0259rin iqlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyin\u0259 d\u0259 \u015famil edilm\u0259li oldu\u011funu iddia edirl\u0259r. BMT-nin insan h\u00fcquqlar\u0131 v\u0259 \u0259traf m\u00fchit \u00fczr\u0259 qurumunun yana\u015fmas\u0131na g\u00f6r\u0259, insan h\u00fcquqlar\u0131 v\u0259 iqlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyin\u0259 \u0259laq\u0259li yana\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 bir-birini tamamlay\u0131r. Bu bax\u0131mdan, BMT-nin T\u0259r\u0259fl\u0259r Konfrans\u0131 – COP format\u0131 qlobal iqlim platformas\u0131 kimi olduqca tarixi ir\u0259lil\u0259yi\u015fl\u0259r\u0259 nail ola bil\u0259r. B\u0259zi n\u0259tic\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 n\u0259z\u0259r salaq:<\/p>\n 2015 \u2013 COP21:<\/strong> Paris Sazi\u015finin preambulas\u0131nda iqlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyinin b\u0259\u015f\u0259riyy\u0259tin \u00fcmumi narahatl\u0131\u011f\u0131 oldu\u011fu q\u0259bul edilib. Buraya miqrantlara istinad da daxildir. T\u0259r\u0259fl\u0259rd\u0259n iqlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyi il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 t\u0259dbirl\u0259r g\u00f6r\u0259rk\u0259n dig\u0259rl\u0259ri il\u0259 yana\u015f\u0131, miqrantlara qar\u015f\u0131 \u00f6z \u00f6hd\u0259likl\u0259rin\u0259 h\u00f6rm\u0259t etm\u0259k, t\u0259\u015fviq etm\u0259k v\u0259 n\u0259z\u0259r\u0259 almaq xahi\u015f edilir. Sazi\u015f, h\u0259m\u00e7inin Var\u015fava Beyn\u0259lxalq Mexanizminin (WIM) \u0130craiyy\u0259 Komit\u0259sini yerd\u0259yi\u015fm\u0259 il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 i\u015f\u00e7i qrupu haz\u0131rlama\u011fa \u00e7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131b. T\u0259r\u0259fl\u0259rin Konfrans\u0131 \u00f6z q\u0259rarlar\u0131nda iqlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyinin yerd\u0259yi\u015fm\u0259nin h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259tverici q\u00fcvv\u0259si oldu\u011funu q\u0259bul edib (50-ci b\u0259nd).<\/p>\n 2017 \u2013 COP23:<\/strong> Almaniyan\u0131n Bonn \u015f\u0259h\u0259rind\u0259 ke\u00e7iril\u0259n COP23 platformas\u0131n\u0131 \u2013 \u0130qlim v\u0259 F\u0259lak\u0259t Riskinin Maliyy\u0259l\u0259\u015fdirilm\u0259si v\u0259 S\u0131\u011forta H\u0259ll\u0259ri \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn S\u0131\u011forta Qlobal T\u0259r\u0259fda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u2013 h\u0259ssas \u0259haliy\u0259 onlar\u0131n b\u0259rpas\u0131na k\u00f6m\u0259k etm\u0259kl\u0259 iqlim f\u0259lak\u0259tl\u0259rinin humanitar t\u0259sirini azaltma\u011fa \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131b.<\/p>\n 2018 \u2013 COP24:<\/strong> Pol\u015fada (Katovitse) ke\u00e7iril\u0259n COP24 \u00f6z q\u0259rar\u0131nda t\u0259r\u0259fl\u0259ri \u201cmiqrasiya, yerd\u0259yi\u015fm\u0259 d\u0259 daxil olmaqla, insan h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259tliliyi il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 geni\u015fl\u0259ndirilmi\u015f \u0259m\u0259kda\u015fl\u0131q v\u0259 asanla\u015fd\u0131rma yolu il\u0259 strateji i\u015f insan mobilliyi \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 i\u015fi davam etdirm\u0259y\u0259\u201d t\u0259\u015fviq edib. H\u0259m\u00e7inin, insan h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259tliliyinin (miqrasiya, yerd\u0259yi\u015fm\u0259 v\u0259 planla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lanlar daxil olmaqla) anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rmaq m\u0259qs\u0259dil\u0259 Konvensiya v\u0259 Paris Sazi\u015fin\u0259 \u0259sas\u0259n m\u00fcvafiq orqanlar v\u0259 institusional t\u0259dbirl\u0259r, proqramlar v\u0259 platformalar \u00fczr\u0259 koordinasiya, ard\u0131c\u0131ll\u0131q v\u0259 \u0259m\u0259kda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00fccl\u0259ndirm\u0259yi t\u00f6vsiy\u0259 edib.<\/p>\n 2021 \u2013 COP26: <\/strong>\u015eotlandiyada (Qlazqo) ke\u00e7iril\u0259n COP m\u00fcdafi\u0259, x\u0259b\u0259rdarl\u0131q sisteml\u0259ri v\u0259 davaml\u0131 infrastruktur, k\u0259nd t\u0259s\u0259rr\u00fcfat\u0131 il\u0259 profilaktik \u00e7\u0259r\u00e7iv\u0259 yaratma\u011fa, iqlim f\u0259lak\u0259tl\u0259ri n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 evl\u0259rin, dolan\u0131\u015f\u0131q vasit\u0259l\u0259rinin v\u0259 insanlar\u0131n itkisin\u0259 cavab verm\u0259k v\u0259 bu yolla qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n al\u0131nmas\u0131na \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131b.<\/p>\n 2022 \u2013 COP27:<\/strong> Misirin \u015earm \u0259l-\u015eeyx \u015f\u0259h\u0259rind\u0259 ke\u00e7iril\u0259n COP iqlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyi il\u0259 \u0259laq\u0259li f\u0259lak\u0259tl\u0259r\u0259 \u0259n h\u0259ssas olan v\u0259 m\u0259cburi k\u00f6\u00e7k\u00fcnl\u00fcy\u00fcn \u201citki\u201d formas\u0131 kimi u\u011furla tan\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259r \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn yeni \u201c\u0130tki v\u0259 Z\u0259r\u0259r Fondu\u201dnun yarad\u0131lmas\u0131 il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 tarixi raz\u0131la\u015fma \u0259ld\u0259 edib. T\u0259dbird\u0259 h\u0259m\u00e7inin \u0130qlim Mobilliyi Pavilyonunun \u2013 \u0130qlim Mobilliyi \u00fczr\u0259 Qlobal M\u0259rk\u0259zin siyas\u0259t h\u0259ll\u0259ri il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 m\u00fczakir\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 h\u0259sr olunmu\u015f forumun a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131 olub.<\/p>\n 2024 \u2013 COP29 Az\u0259rbaycan.<\/strong> \u201cCOP29-da \u0130qlim Miqrasiyas\u0131\u201d: \u0130qlim D\u0259yi\u015fikliyi \u00fczr\u0259 H\u00f6kum\u0259tl\u0259raras\u0131 Panelin (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) 2023-c\u00fc il \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn Alt\u0131nc\u0131 Qiym\u0259tl\u0259ndirm\u0259 Hesabat\u0131na uy\u011fun olaraq, \u201cadaptivlik qabiliyy\u0259tinin art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 m\u0259cburi miqrasiya v\u0259 h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259tsizlikl\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 riskl\u0259rin minimuma endirilm\u0259si, beyn\u0259lxalq, regional, milli v\u0259 yerli s\u0259viyy\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 siyas\u0259t v\u0259 proqram xarakterli f\u0259aliyy\u0259t vasit\u0259sil\u0259 iqlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyi kontekstind\u0259 insan h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259tliliyin\u0259 dair Paris Sazi\u015finin, T\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259siz, Nizaml\u0131 v\u0259 Daimi Miqrasiya \u00fczr\u0259 Qlobal Sazi\u015fin, F\u0259lak\u0259t Riskinin Azald\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00fczr\u0259 Sendai \u00c7\u0259r\u00e7iv\u0259sinin v\u0259 Davaml\u0131 \u0130nki\u015faf \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn 2030 G\u00fcnd\u0259liyinin h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irilm\u0259sin\u0259 uy\u011fun olaraq:<\/p>\n COP29-Az\u0259rbaycan \u0259r\u0259f\u0259sind\u0259 BMqT UNFCCC T\u0259r\u0259fl\u0259rini a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dak\u0131lar\u0131 h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irm\u0259y\u0259 \u00e7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131r:<\/p>\n m Uy\u011funla\u015fma \u00fczr\u0259 Qlobal M\u0259qs\u0259d v\u0259 Milli Uy\u011funla\u015fma Planlar\u0131\u201d(NAP) vasit\u0259sil\u0259 f\u0259rdl\u0259r, icmalar v\u0259 h\u00f6kum\u0259tl\u0259r t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n insanlar\u0131n mobilliyi il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259siz, s\u0259lahiyy\u0259tli v\u0259 m\u0259lumatl\u0131 q\u0259rarlar q\u0259bul etm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn planla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lma v\u0259 maliyy\u0259l\u0259\u015fdirilm\u0259sini s\u00fcr\u0259tl\u0259ndirm\u0259k;<\/p>\n m \u0130qlim\u0259 davaml\u0131 inki\u015faf\u0131 g\u00fccl\u0259ndir\u0259n v\u0259 insanlara \u00f6z m\u0259n\u015f\u0259 \u0259razil\u0259rind\u0259 l\u0259yaq\u0259t v\u0259 t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259sizlik \u015f\u0259raitind\u0259 qalmaq se\u00e7imini t\u0259klif ed\u0259n riskl\u0259rin azald\u0131lmas\u0131, erk\u0259n x\u0259b\u0259rdarl\u0131q v\u0259 erk\u0259n f\u0259aliyy\u0259t t\u0259dbirl\u0259rin\u0259 \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck verm\u0259k;<\/p>\n m \u0130nsanlar\u0131n davaml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fccl\u0259ndirm\u0259k v\u0259 h\u00f6kum\u0259tl\u0259rin miqrasiya vasit\u0259sil\u0259 \u00f6z inki\u015faf v\u0259 iqlim prioritetl\u0259rini h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irm\u0259l\u0259ri \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn m\u00fcnt\u0259z\u0259m miqrasiya yollar\u0131n\u0131 asanla\u015fd\u0131rmaq;<\/p>\n m \u0130nnovativ v\u0259 miqyaslana bil\u0259n iqlim f\u0259aliyy\u0259t h\u0259ll\u0259rini s\u00fcr\u0259tl\u0259ndirm\u0259k v\u0259 \u0259n h\u0259ssas icmalara iqlim maliyy\u0259sinin \u00e7\u0131x\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 t\u0259min etm\u0259k.<\/p>\n m \u0130tki v\u0259 z\u0259r\u0259r land\u015faft\u0131nda insan h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259tliliyin\u0259 dair \u00f6hd\u0259likl\u0259ri yerin\u0259 yetirm\u0259k.<\/p>\n m \u0130qlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyinin t\u0259sirl\u0259rin\u0259 \u0259n h\u0259ssas olan \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259r v\u0259 insanlarla h\u0259mr\u0259yliyi g\u00fccl\u0259ndirin. B\u00fct\u00fcn c\u0259miyy\u0259tin inkl\u00fcziv s\u0259f\u0259rb\u0259rliyini g\u00fccl\u0259ndirm\u0259k.<\/p>\n m \u0130qlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyi v\u0259 insan h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259tliliyi il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 q\u0259rar q\u0259buletm\u0259 prosesl\u0259rinin bir hiss\u0259si kimi ictimai aktorlar\u0131 v\u0259 \u00f6z\u0259l t\u0259r\u0259fda\u015flar\u0131, akademik dair\u0259l\u0259ri, v\u0259t\u0259nda\u015f c\u0259miyy\u0259tl\u0259rini, qad\u0131nlar\u0131, g\u0259ncl\u0259ri, yerli xalqlar\u0131, miqrantlar\u0131, diasporlar\u0131, k\u00f6\u00e7k\u00fcnl\u0259ri v\u0259 t\u0259sir\u0259 m\u0259ruz qalm\u0131\u015f icmalar\u0131 bir araya g\u0259tirin. Miqrasiya idar\u0259\u00e7iliyin\u0259 v\u0259 iqlim f\u0259aliyy\u0259tin\u0259 insan h\u00fcquqlar\u0131n\u0131n, u\u015fa\u011fa h\u0259ssas v\u0259 gender\u0259 cavab ver\u0259n yana\u015fmalar\u0131n m\u0259rk\u0259ziliyini t\u0259\u015fviq etm\u0259k.<\/p>\n Bel\u0259likl\u0259, d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259r t\u0259kc\u0259 iqlim t\u0259sirl\u0259rind\u0259n deyil, emissiyalar\u0131 azaltmaq v\u0259 ya iqlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyin\u0259 uy\u011funla\u015fmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u0259n t\u0259dbirl\u0259rd\u0259n d\u0259 yaranan insan h\u00fcquqlar\u0131 pozuntular\u0131n\u0131 qorumaq m\u0259suliyy\u0259tin\u0259 malikdir. Bu o dem\u0259kdir ki, emissiyalar\u0131 azaltmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u0259c\u0259k h\u0259r hans\u0131 t\u0259dbir (m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, k\u00f6m\u00fcr hasilat\u0131n\u0131n dayand\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 v\u0259 ya su elektrik stansiyalar\u0131n\u0131n tikintisi) insan h\u00fcquqlar\u0131n\u0131 pozmamal\u0131 v\u0259 m\u00fcxt\u0259lif beyn\u0259lxalq rejiml\u0259r aras\u0131nda uy\u011funluq olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n Status-kvo davam ets\u0259 d\u0259, k\u00f6m\u00fcr hasilat\u0131, n\u0259qli, ixrac\u0131, yand\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 v\u0259 s. hallar insan h\u00fcquqlar\u0131n\u0131n kobud \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 pozulmas\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rmaqda davam ed\u0259c\u0259k. Bu, t\u0259kc\u0259 hasilat\u0131 v\u0259 ya n\u0259qliyyat sah\u0259l\u0259rinin yax\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ya\u015fayan insanlar\u0131n h\u0259yat\u0131nda deyil, qal\u0131q yanaca\u011f\u0131n da\u011f\u0131d\u0131c\u0131 t\u0259sirl\u0259rin\u0259 h\u0259ssas olanlar t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n d\u0259 hiss olunacaq.<\/p>\n D\u00fcnya liderl\u0259rinin orta qlobal temperaturu 2\u02daC-d\u0259n a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 saxlama\u011fa dair iqlim sazi\u015fini imzalamas\u0131 nikbinliy\u0259 \u0259saslar vers\u0259 d\u0259, g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u0259li olduqca \u00e7oxlu i\u015fl\u0259r var. \u0130nsan h\u00fcquqlar\u0131 v\u0259 iqlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyi \u00fczr\u0259 beyn\u0259lxalq t\u0259\u015fkilatlar BMT-nin \u0130qlim D\u0259yi\u015fikliyi \u00fczr\u0259 \u00c7\u0259r\u00e7iv\u0259 Konvensiyas\u0131na \u00fczv olan d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259r\u0259 yeni sazi\u015fl\u0259r\u0259 insan h\u00fcquqlar\u0131 \u00fczr\u0259 \u00f6hd\u0259likl\u0259ri daxil etm\u0259y\u0259 \u00e7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131\u015flar edib. Bu realla\u015farsa, iqlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyin\u0259 ictimai h\u0259ssasl\u0131q g\u00fccl\u0259n\u0259, m\u00fcxt\u0259lif beyn\u0259lxalq rejiml\u0259r aras\u0131nda uy\u011funluq yarana, hasilat s\u0259nayesinin h\u0259l\u0259lik davam etdiyi \u015f\u0259raitd\u0259 insan h\u00fcquqlar\u0131n\u0131n qorunmas\u0131 t\u0259min edil\u0259 bil\u0259r.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u0130ST\u0130FAD\u018f ED\u0130LM\u0130\u015e \u018fD\u018fB\u0130YYAT<\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n Az\u0259rbaycan dilind\u0259:<\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u0130ngilis dilind\u0259:<\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n Tahira Allahyarova<\/strong><\/p>\n COP29 AZERBAIJAN: CLIMATE CHANGE, CLIMATE MIGRATION AND <\/strong>HUMAN RIGHTS – GLOBAL TRENDS, REALITY AND PROSPECTS<\/strong><\/p>\n \u00a0<\/strong>Abstract<\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n This article, set against the backdrop of the global COP29 event in Azerbaijan, explores, for the first time, the interconnected issues of climate change, climate migration, climate refugees, and the human rights challenges these phenomena present.<\/p>\n The article discusses the state of terminological debates and the latest scientific and legal definitions concerning human flows caused by the impacts of climate change, such as environmental refugees, climate refugees, or climate migrants.<\/p>\n It is argued states that global warming and the climate crisis are exacerbating existing inequalities and threatening fundamental human rights, including the right to life, housing, water and sanitation, food, health, development, personal security, and an adequate standard of living. The article also highlights that climate-induced migration poses a significant threat to small island states, with Azerbaijan bringing the issue of small island states to the forefront of attention at COP29.<\/p>\n The author discusses upon the emergence of a judicial precedent in the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR) in 2024 concerning climate change, marking its transition into the realm of human rights and providing momentum for the development of a new generation of human rights. It is noted that scientists have recently predicted severe consequences from climate change, with threats that could force millions of people to leave their homes in the coming decades. However, many international institutions and organizations, as well as some states lack the political will and legal framework to address the approaching crisis. As part of a broader program aimed at integrated Earth governance, the article calls for systemic reforms in governance and regulatory policy to support global adaptation to climate change.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Key words: <\/strong>COP29, Azerbaijan, climate change, climate refugees, climate migrants, human rights, terminological debates, legal precedents, global trends, prospects, ECHR<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u00a0<\/strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n \u0422\u0430\u0445\u0438\u0440\u0430 \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445\u044f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430<\/strong><\/p>\n COP29 \u0412 \u0410\u0417\u0415\u0420\u0411\u0410\u0419\u0414\u0416\u0410\u041d\u0415: \u0418\u0417\u041c\u0415\u041d\u0415\u041d\u0418\u0415 \u041a\u041b\u0418\u041c\u0410\u0422\u0410, <\/strong>\u041a\u041b\u0418\u041c\u0410\u0422\u0418\u0427\u0415\u0421\u041a\u0410\u042f \u041c\u0418\u0413\u0420\u0410\u0426\u0418\u042f \u0418 \u041f\u0420\u0410\u0412\u0410 \u0427\u0415\u041b\u041e\u0412\u0415\u041a\u0410 \u2014 \u041c\u0418\u0420\u041e\u0412\u042b\u0415<\/strong><\/p>\n \u0422\u0415\u041d\u0414\u0415\u041d\u0426\u0418\u0418, \u0420\u0415\u0410\u041b\u042c\u041d\u041e\u0421\u0422\u042c \u0418 \u041f\u0415\u0420\u0421\u041f\u0415\u041a\u0422\u0418\u0412\u042b<\/strong><\/p>\n \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n \u0420\u0435\u0437\u044e\u043c\u0435<\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u0412 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0435, \u043d\u0430 \u0444\u043e\u043d\u0435 \u0433\u043b\u043e\u0431\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0431\u044b\u0442\u0438\u044f COP29 \u0432 \u0410\u0437\u0435\u0440\u0431\u0430\u0439\u0434\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0435, \u0432\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u044b \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043a\u043b\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0438 \u043a\u043b\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043c\u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438, \u043a\u043b\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0431\u0435\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0435\u0432 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0430\u0441\u043f\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043a\u043b\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0430.<\/p>\n \u0421\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u044f \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0443\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0438\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0443\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0439\u0448\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0443\u0447\u043d\u043e-\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044b \u043a \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0432\u044b\u043d\u0443\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043a\u043b\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0435\u0432: \u00ab\u044d\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0431\u0435\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0446\u044b\u00bb, \u00ab\u043a\u043b\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0431\u0435\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0446\u044b\u00bb \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u00ab\u043a\u043b\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043c\u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0442\u044b\u00bb.<\/p>\n \u041a\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0447\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0443\u0448\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0432\u043b\u0438\u044f\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0433\u043b\u043e\u0431\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043f\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u043a\u043b\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u0440\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0441\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u2014 \u0443\u0433\u0440\u043e\u0437\u0430 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u0434\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0430\u043c \u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430, \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0435. \u042d\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u044b \u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u044f\u043c\u043e\u0435 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u0441\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u0433\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044e \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432, \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0436\u0438\u0437\u043d\u044c, \u0436\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0435, \u0432\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u0438 \u0441\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0435, \u043f\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u0437\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432\u044c\u0435, \u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0439\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u044c \u0436\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0438. \u041e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0435 \u0432\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0443\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0443\u0433\u0440\u043e\u0437\u0435, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0443\u044e \u043c\u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f, \u043e\u0431\u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043a\u043b\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0442\u043e\u043c, \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043c\u0430\u043b\u044b\u0445 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0433\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432. \u0410\u0437\u0435\u0440\u0431\u0430\u0439\u0434\u0436\u0430\u043d \u0432\u044b\u0434\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0443\u043b \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u044d\u0442\u0438\u0445 \u0433\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432 \u0432 \u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440 \u0432\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430 COP29.<\/p>\n \u0410\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0433\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441 \u0441\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0446\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d \u0432 \u0415\u0432\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0441\u0443\u0434\u0435 \u043f\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0430\u043c \u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430 (\u0415\u0421\u041f\u0427) \u043f\u043e \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0443 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043a\u043b\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0432 2024 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443, \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0441\u044f \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0442 \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441 \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0441\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0443 \u0438 \u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e \u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432 \u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430.<\/p>\n \u041e\u0442\u043c\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0432 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043d\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0442 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u044c\u0435\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044f \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043a\u043b\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0430, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u0432\u044b\u043d\u0443\u0434\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043c\u0438\u043b\u043b\u0438\u043e\u043d\u044b \u043b\u044e\u0434\u0435\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0438 \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0430 \u0432 \u0431\u043b\u0438\u0436\u0430\u0439\u0448\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0435\u0442\u0438\u044f. \u041e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f\u043c \u0438 \u0440\u044f\u0434\u0443 \u0433\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432 \u043d\u0435 \u0445\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u043e\u043b\u0438 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u044b \u0434\u043b\u044f \u044d\u0444\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0431\u043e\u0440\u044c\u0431\u044b \u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0436\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u043c\u0441\u044f \u043a\u0440\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0441\u043e\u043c.<\/p>\n \u0412 \u0440\u0430\u043c\u043a\u0430\u0445 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0448\u0438\u0440\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u044b \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0437\u0435\u043c\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u044b \u0440\u0435\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u044b \u0432 \u0441\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0435 \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u043d\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438, \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0433\u043b\u043e\u0431\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0430\u0434\u0430\u043f\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044e \u043a \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u043a\u043b\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0430.<\/p>\n \u041a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430:<\/strong> COP29, \u0410\u0437\u0435\u0440\u0431\u0430\u0439\u0434\u0436\u0430\u043d, \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u043b\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0430, \u043a\u043b\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0431\u0435\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0446\u044b, \u043a\u043b\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043c\u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0442\u044b, \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0430 \u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430, \u0442\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0438\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0443\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0438, \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0446\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044b, \u0433\u043b\u043e\u0431\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0438, \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0441\u043f\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u044b, \u0415\u0421\u041f\u0427<\/p>\n\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/socialresearchjournal.az\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/pdfdown-212x300.jpg\")
<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"