Sosial T\u0259dqiqatlar M\u0259rk\u0259zi \u0130dar\u0259 Hey\u0259tinin s\u0259dri <\/em><\/p>\n E-mail: zahidoruc@gmail.com<\/em><\/p>\n (Bak\u0131, Az\u0259rbaycan)<\/em><\/p>\n \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n \u00a0<\/strong>X\u00fclas\u0259.<\/strong> M\u0259qal\u0259d\u0259 ilk d\u0259f\u0259 olaraq BMT-nin \u0130qlim D\u0259yi\u015fikliyi \u00fczr\u0259 \u00c7\u0259r\u00e7iv\u0259 Konvensiyas\u0131n\u0131n T\u0259r\u0259fl\u0259r Konfrans\u0131n\u0131n 29-cu sessiyas\u0131nda – COP29-da Az\u0259rbaycanda iqlim t\u0259dqiqatlar\u0131 kontekstind\u0259 \u201ciqlim t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259sizliyi\u201d m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259si t\u0259hlil edilir. Qeyd edilir ki, COP29 konfrans\u0131nda bu m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259 iqlim diplomatiyas\u0131n\u0131n m\u0259rk\u0259zind\u0259 dayan\u0131r.<\/p>\n \u0130qlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyi v\u0259 \u0259traf m\u00fchitin deqradasiyas\u0131 h\u0259r bir \u00f6lk\u0259 v\u0259 d\u00fcnya \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn real t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259 yarad\u0131r. Bu \u00e7\u0259tinlikl\u0259ri aradan qald\u0131rmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn o, yeni inki\u015faf strategiyas\u0131n\u0131 \u201cya\u015f\u0131l ke\u00e7id\u201d kimi m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259nl\u0259\u015fdirir.<\/p>\n M\u0259qal\u0259d\u0259 qeyd olunur ki, Az\u0259rbaycan b\u0259rpa olunan enerji m\u0259nb\u0259l\u0259ri \u00fczr\u0259 y\u00fcks\u0259k potensiala malik, iqlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyi il\u0259 m\u00fcbariz\u0259d\u0259 f\u0259al i\u015ftirak ed\u0259n \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259n biridir. COP29-da Az\u0259rbaycan ya\u015f\u0131l enerjiy\u0259 ke\u00e7idl\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 \u00f6z t\u0259\u015f\u0259bb\u00fcsl\u0259rini d\u00fcnya ictimaiyy\u0259tin\u0259 t\u0259qdim edib.<\/p>\n COP29-dan sonrak\u0131 t\u0259dqiqatlar \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn qar\u015f\u0131da duran m\u00fch\u00fcm v\u0259zif\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259n biri iqlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyinin \u00e7ox\u015fax\u0259li aspektl\u0259rini ara\u015fd\u0131rmaq v\u0259 elmi leksikonumuza bir \u00e7ox yeni terminl\u0259ri daxil etm\u0259kdir. \u201c\u0130qlim t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259sizliyi\u201d strateji \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259t k\u0259sb ed\u0259n anlay\u0131\u015flardan biridir v\u0259 bununla da yenidir.<\/p>\n \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n A\u00e7ar s\u00f6zl\u0259r:<\/strong> COP29, Az\u0259rbaycan, ya\u015f\u0131l ke\u00e7id, iqlim t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259sizliyi, strategiya, iqlim riskl\u0259ri, iqlim diplomatiyas\u0131, Milli M\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n Edilmi\u015f T\u00f6hf\u0259l\u0259r, qlobal enerji t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259sizliyi<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Giri\u015f<\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u201cCOP29 iqlim diplomatiyas\u0131nda d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f n\u00f6qt\u0259sidir v\u0259 bu irs g\u0259l\u0259c\u0259k qlobal iqlim f\u0259aliyy\u0259tin\u0259 m\u00fcsb\u0259t t\u0259sir g\u00f6st\u0259r\u0259c\u0259k. Az\u0259rbaycan iqlim dan\u0131\u015f\u0131qlar\u0131nda tarixi n\u0259tic\u0259l\u0259r \u0259ld\u0259 etm\u0259y\u0259 m\u00fcv\u0259ff\u0259q oldu. \u0130nki\u015faf etmi\u015f v\u0259 etm\u0259kd\u0259 olan \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259r aras\u0131nda k\u00f6rp\u00fcl\u0259rin qurulmas\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn s\u0259yl\u0259rini \u0259sirg\u0259m\u0259di v\u0259 n\u0259tic\u0259d\u0259 d\u00fcnya tarixi Bak\u0131 nailiyy\u0259tinin \u015fahidi oldu\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u0130lham \u018fL\u0130YEV, <\/strong><\/p>\n Az\u0259rbaycan Respublikas\u0131n\u0131n\u00a0<\/strong>Prezidenti [1] <\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n Prezident \u0130lham \u018fliyevin andi\u00e7m\u0259 m\u0259rasimind\u0259 b\u0259yan etdiyi \u201cYeni D\u00f6vr\u201d ideal\u0131n\u0131n h\u0259d\u0259fl\u0259diyi milli inki\u015faf strategiyas\u0131 Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131 yeni z\u0259f\u0259rl\u0259r\u0259 do\u011fru apar\u0131r. M\u00fcst\u0259qil d\u00f6vl\u0259t\u00e7iliyinin 2024-c\u00fc ilind\u0259 yeni tarixi m\u0259rh\u0259l\u0259y\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259m qoyan \u00f6lk\u0259miz d\u00fcnyan\u0131n \u0259n n\u0259h\u0259ng t\u0259dbirl\u0259rind\u0259n biri hesab edil\u0259n qlobal iqlim konfrans\u0131na – COP29-a ev sahibliyi kimi diplomatik z\u0259f\u0259r qazand\u0131. D\u00fcnya birliyini yaln\u0131z konfrans g\u00fcnl\u0259rind\u0259 deyil, b\u00fct\u00fcn il boyu \u201cYa\u015f\u0131l d\u00fcnya namin\u0259 h\u0259mr\u0259ylik\u201d, iqlim d\u0259yi\u015fm\u0259l\u0259ri il\u0259 m\u00fcbariz\u0259d\u0259 s\u0259f\u0259rb\u0259rliy\u0259 \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n BMT-nin \u0130qlim D\u0259yi\u015fm\u0259l\u0259ri \u00fczr\u0259 \u00c7\u0259r\u00e7iv\u0259 Konvensiyas\u0131n\u0131n T\u0259r\u0259fl\u0259r Konfrans\u0131n\u0131n 29-cu sessiyas\u0131 – COP29 iqlim diplomatiyas\u0131n\u0131n tarixin\u0259 q\u0131z\u0131l h\u0259rfl\u0259rl\u0259 yaz\u0131lacaq u\u011furlarla ba\u015fa \u00e7atd\u0131. Paytaxt\u0131m\u0131z Bak\u0131n\u0131n ad\u0131 il\u0259 q\u0259bul edil\u0259n iqlim q\u0259rarlar\u0131 d\u00fcnya tarixin\u0259 d\u00fc\u015fd\u00fc, \u201cBak\u0131 d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fc, s\u0131\u00e7ray\u0131\u015f\u0131\u201d (\u201cBaku Breakthrough\u201d) ad\u0131n\u0131 ald\u0131. \u201cBu u\u011furlar\u0131n ger\u00e7\u0259k mahiyy\u0259tini biz d\u0259, b\u00fct\u00fcn d\u00fcnya da c\u0259mi bir il sonra v\u0259 daha sonra ke\u00e7iril\u0259c\u0259k COP konfranslar\u0131n\u0131n n\u0259tic\u0259l\u0259ri il\u0259 m\u00fcqayis\u0259 ed\u0259nd\u0259 d\u00f6n\u0259-d\u00f6n\u0259 yenid\u0259n d\u0259rk ed\u0259c\u0259yik. COP 29-da h\u0259yata ke\u00e7iril\u0259n qlobal f\u0259aliyy\u0259tin n\u0259tic\u0259l\u0259ri haz\u0131rda b\u00fct\u00fcn d\u00fcnyada m\u00fczakir\u0259 edilir. COP29 BMT qurumlar\u0131n\u0131, beyn\u0259lxalq t\u0259\u015fkilatlar\u0131, \u00e7oxt\u0259r\u0259fli inki\u015faf banklar\u0131n\u0131, iqlim fondlar\u0131n\u0131, \u00f6z\u0259l sektoru, v\u0259t\u0259nda\u015f c\u0259miyy\u0259tini, \u0259sas koalisiyalar\u0131, Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n \u00e7oxsayl\u0131 t\u0259r\u0259fda\u015flar\u0131n\u0131, strateji m\u00fctt\u0259fiql\u0259ri v\u0259 dig\u0259r maraql\u0131 t\u0259r\u0259fl\u0259ri, h\u0259m\u00e7inin COP S\u0259drlikl\u0259ri v\u0259 T\u0259r\u0259fl\u0259ri bir araya g\u0259tirdi. 10-dan \u00e7ox beyn\u0259lxalq \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tli q\u0259rar q\u0259bul edildi: Bak\u0131 Maliyy\u0259 M\u0259qs\u0259di, Bak\u0131 Adaptasiya Yol X\u0259rit\u0259si, \u0130qlim Maliyy\u0259si, \u0130nvestisiya v\u0259 Ticar\u0259t \u00fczr\u0259 Bak\u0131 T\u0259\u015f\u0259bb\u00fcs\u00fc, \u0130qlim davaml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u0130nsan \u0130nki\u015faf\u0131 \u00fczr\u0259 Bak\u0131 T\u0259\u015f\u0259bb\u00fcs\u00fc, Fermerl\u0259r \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn Bak\u0131 Harmoniya \u0130qlim T\u0259\u015f\u0259bb\u00fcs\u00fc, \u0130qlim v\u0259 S\u0259hiyy\u0259 \u00fczr\u0259 Davaml\u0131l\u0131q Koalisiyas\u0131 t\u0259sis edildi. Bununla yana\u015f\u0131, 10 illik Yenil\u0259nmi\u015f Gender \u00fczr\u0259 Lima \u0130\u015f Proqram\u0131, enerji \u00fczr\u0259 \u00f6hd\u0259likl\u0259r, COP29 Ya\u015f\u0131l R\u0259q\u0259msal F\u0259aliyy\u0259t B\u0259yanat\u0131, \u00dczvi Tullant\u0131lardan Metan\u0131n Azald\u0131lmas\u0131na dair Bak\u0131 B\u0259yannam\u0259si, Davaml\u0131 v\u0259 Sa\u011flam \u015e\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259r \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u00c7oxsah\u0259li F\u0259aliyy\u0259t Yollar\u0131na dair Bak\u0131 B\u0259yannam\u0259si, \u0130qlim F\u0259aliyy\u0259ti namin\u0259 COP29 B\u0259yannam\u0259si v\u0259 s. m\u00fch\u00fcm q\u0259rarlar, qlobal t\u0259\u015f\u0259bb\u00fcs v\u0259 \u00e7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131\u015flar\u0131n perspektivl\u0259r \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259ti is\u0259 h\u0259l\u0259 onill\u0259rl\u0259 t\u0259hlil v\u0259 t\u0259dqiq edil\u0259c\u0259k.<\/p>\n COP-29 Az\u0259rbaycan konfrans\u0131n\u0131n lokal, regional v\u0259 qlobal iqlim t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259sizliyinin t\u0259min edilm\u0259si, \u201cya\u015f\u0131l tranzit\u201d strategiyas\u0131n\u0131n ger\u00e7\u0259kl\u0259\u015fdirilm\u0259si y\u00f6n\u00fcnd\u0259 tarixi \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tin\u0259 dair elmi t\u0259dqiqatlara, \u0259trafl\u0131 ara\u015fd\u0131rmalar\u0131n apar\u0131lmas\u0131na, layih\u0259l\u0259rin h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irilm\u0259sin\u0259 ehtiyac var. Bu m\u0259qal\u0259d\u0259 s\u00f6z\u00fcged\u0259n m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259n, elmi, siyasi, h\u00fcquqi v\u0259 ictimai leksikonumuza yeni daxil olan \u00e7oxsayl\u0131 iqlim terminologiyalar\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda prioritet hesab edil\u0259n \u201ciqlim t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259sizliyi\u201d, onun t\u0259min edilm\u0259si y\u00f6n\u00fcnd\u0259 COP29 Az\u0259rbaycan t\u0259dbirinin \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259ti m\u00f6vzusundan ilk d\u0259f\u0259 b\u0259hs edilir.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n 1995-ci ild\u0259n ba\u015flayaraq h\u0259r il ke\u00e7iril\u0259n Birl\u0259\u015fmi\u015f Mill\u0259tl\u0259r T\u0259\u015fkilat\u0131n\u0131n \u0130qlim D\u0259yi\u015fikliyi \u00fczr\u0259 \u00c7\u0259r\u00e7iv\u0259 Konvensiyas\u0131n\u0131n (UNFCCC) v\u0259 Paris Sazi\u015fini imzalayan T\u0259r\u0259fl\u0259rin Konfans\u0131n\u0131n (COP) ke\u00e7irilm\u0259sind\u0259 \u0259sas m\u0259qs\u0259d d\u00fcnyada iqlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyi il\u0259 m\u00fcbariz\u0259ni davaml\u0131 etm\u0259k, ir\u0259lil\u0259yi\u015fl\u0259ri qiym\u0259tl\u0259ndirm\u0259kdir. Ali m\u0259qs\u0259di iqlim sistemin\u0259 insanlar t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n edil\u0259n antropogen m\u0259nb\u0259li v\u0259 t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259li hesab edil\u0259n b\u00fct\u00fcn m\u00fcdaxil\u0259l\u0259rin qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 almaqd\u0131r.<\/p>\n \u0130qlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyi v\u0259 \u0259traf m\u00fchitin deqradasiyas\u0131 h\u0259r bir \u00f6lk\u0259 v\u0259 d\u00fcnya \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn ekzistensial t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259dir. Bu \u00e7\u0259tinlikl\u0259rin \u00f6hd\u0259sind\u0259n g\u0259lm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn yeni inki\u015faf strategiyas\u0131 ya\u015f\u0131l ke\u00e7id kimi m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n edilir. Haz\u0131rda m\u00f6vcud<\/p>\n istehsal v\u0259 istehlak n\u00fcmun\u0259l\u0259ri qeyri-davaml\u0131d\u0131r v\u0259 davaml\u0131 inki\u015fafa do\u011fru h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259t etm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn h\u0259rt\u0259r\u0259fli yeni f\u0259aliyy\u0259t t\u0259l\u0259b olunur. \u0130nteqral, sistemli yana\u015fma sosial-iqtisadi inki\u015faf v\u0259 ekoloji m\u0259qs\u0259dl\u0259r\u0259 nail olmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn bu sah\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 siyas\u0259tin bir-birini tamamlamas\u0131n\u0131 \u015f\u0259rtl\u0259ndir\u0259n ya\u015f\u0131l iqtisadiyyata ke\u00e7idi z\u0259rur\u0259t\u0259 \u00e7evirir. Ya\u015f\u0131l art\u0131ma ke\u00e7id m\u0259rh\u0259l\u0259li \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Bu da \u00f6z n\u00f6vb\u0259sind\u0259 ya\u015f\u0131l ke\u00e7id m\u0259rh\u0259l\u0259sini n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259 tutur. \u201cYa\u015f\u0131l ke\u00e7id – yax\u0131n 20-30 ild\u0259 iqlimi neytralla\u015fd\u0131rmaq, ya\u015f\u0131l texnologiya vasit\u0259sil\u0259 iqtisadiyyat\u0131 art\u0131rmaq, davaml\u0131 inki\u015faf ed\u0259n s\u0259naye v\u0259 n\u0259qliyyat yaratmaq v\u0259 atmosferin \u00e7irkl\u0259nm\u0259sini azaltmaqla, iqlim v\u0259 \u0259traf m\u00fchitd\u0259ki probleml\u0259ri f\u00fcrs\u0259tl\u0259r\u0259 \u00e7evirm\u0259y\u0259 y\u00f6n\u0259lik ke\u00e7id m\u0259rh\u0259l\u0259sidir. Bu, iqlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyinin, ekoloji t\u0259sirl\u0259rin azald\u0131lmas\u0131 v\u0259 daha davaml\u0131 g\u0259l\u0259c\u0259yin t\u0259\u015fviqi m\u0259qs\u0259dil\u0259 resurs tutumlu v\u0259 \u0259traf m\u00fchiti \u00e7irkl\u0259ndir\u0259n istehsal t\u0259cr\u00fcb\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259n daha davaml\u0131 v\u0259 ekoloji c\u0259h\u0259td\u0259n t\u0259miz alternativl\u0259r\u0259 ke\u00e7idi \u0259hat\u0259 ed\u0259n ke\u00e7id m\u0259rh\u0259l\u0259sini n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259 tutur\u201d [15].<\/p>\n Az\u0259rbaycan d\u00f6vl\u0259ti ya\u015f\u0131l ke\u00e7idi yaln\u0131z BMT-nin \u0130qlim D\u0259yi\u015fikliyi Konvensiyas\u0131n\u0131n T\u0259r\u0259f \u00f6lk\u0259si oldu\u011fu \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn d\u0259st\u0259kl\u0259mir. Reall\u0131qda son onill\u0259rd\u0259 ya\u015f\u0131l enerji v\u0259 iqtisadi art\u0131ma ke\u00e7id m\u0259qs\u0259dl\u0259rin\u0259 nail olma\u011fa t\u00f6hf\u0259 ver\u0259n islahatlar\u0131n haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131 v\u0259 h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irilm\u0259si \u00f6lk\u0259mizin strateji siyasi kursudur. \u00d6lk\u0259mizd\u0259 COP29-dan \u0259vv\u0259l d\u0259 ya\u015f\u0131l siyas\u0259tin h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irilm\u0259si \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn laz\u0131m olan aidiyy\u0259ti mexanizml\u0259rin haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131na, m\u0259rk\u0259zi v\u0259 yerli idar\u0259etm\u0259 strukturlar\u0131nda z\u0259ruri prosesl\u0259rin yarad\u0131lmas\u0131na ba\u015flan\u0131l\u0131b.<\/p>\n Ya\u015f\u0131l ke\u00e7idl\u0259r sosial-iqtisadi sisteml\u0259rin planetar ekoloji s\u0259rh\u0259dl\u0259r daxilind\u0259 m\u00fchafiz\u0259sini t\u0259min etm\u0259kl\u0259 yana\u015f\u0131, yeni dayan\u0131ql\u0131 iqtisadi model vasit\u0259sil\u0259 rifah\u0131n v\u0259 firavanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n artmas\u0131na da imkan verir.<\/p>\n S\u00f6hb\u0259t t\u0259kc\u0259 alternativ enerjiy\u0259 ke\u00e7idd\u0259n, neft\u0259 v\u0259 qaza, da\u015f k\u00f6m\u00fcr v\u0259 t\u00fck\u0259n\u0259n dig\u0259r yanacaq n\u00f6vl\u0259rin\u0259 t\u0259l\u0259bat\u0131 azaltmaqdan, karbon emissiyalar\u0131n\u0131 s\u0131f\u0131ra endirm\u0259kd\u0259n getmir, ilk n\u00f6vb\u0259d\u0259, \u00f6lk\u0259mizd\u0259 s\u0259naye \u00fcsulu il\u0259 \u00e7\u0131xarma\u011fa ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z 278 illik neftin inhisar\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131xmaqdan, iki d\u00fcnya m\u00fcharib\u0259si, o c\u00fcml\u0259d\u0259n birinci v\u0259 ikinci Qaraba\u011f sava\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n taleyind\u0259 m\u00fcst\u0259sna rol oynayan bir resursdan tamamil\u0259 f\u0259rqli dig\u0259rin\u0259 – ya\u015f\u0131l enerjiy\u0259 ke\u00e7idd\u0259n gedir.<\/p>\n \u018fslind\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycanda ya\u015f\u0131l tranzit Prezident \u0130lham \u018fliyevin r\u0259hb\u0259rliy il\u0259 \u00e7oxdan ba\u015flay\u0131b v\u0259 d\u00f6vl\u0259t ba\u015f\u00e7\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n x\u00fcsusil\u0259 d\u0259 2010-cu ild\u0259n sonrak\u0131 \u00e7\u0131x\u0131\u015flar\u0131na, o c\u00fcml\u0259d\u0259n q\u0259rarlar\u0131na baxd\u0131qda, \u201cB\u0259rpa olunan enerji m\u0259nb\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259n enerjinin istehsal\u0131n\u0131n t\u0259\u015fviqi \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn d\u0259st\u0259k mexanizml\u0259ri\u201dnin \u0259sas d\u00f6vl\u0259t kursunun m\u00fch\u00fcm bir sah\u0259sinin m\u0259hz b\u0259rpa olunan enerjiy\u0259 y\u00f6n\u0259ldiyini g\u00f6r\u0259rik [5; 6].<\/p>\n 22 sentyabr 2020-ci il tarixind\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan Respublikas\u0131n\u0131n Energetika Nazirliyi yan\u0131nda B\u0259rpa Olunan Enerji M\u0259nb\u0259l\u0259ri D\u00f6vl\u0259t Agentliyi yarad\u0131l\u0131b v\u0259 Agentliyin \u018fsasnam\u0259si t\u0259sdiq edilib [2]. D\u00f6vl\u0259timizin Qaraba\u011f sava\u015f\u0131ndan sonra qlobal ekoloji t\u0259dbirin ke\u00e7irilm\u0259sin\u0259 nail olmas\u0131 b\u00f6y\u00fck siyasi u\u011fur olmaqla yana\u015f\u0131, h\u0259m d\u0259 ya\u015f\u0131l tranzitl\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 \u00f6lk\u0259mizin siyas\u0259tidir. Yeni m\u0259rh\u0259l\u0259d\u0259 qeyri-neftsiz eraya ke\u00e7id, son iki y\u00fcz ild\u0259 b\u00fct\u00fcn lokal v\u0259 qlobal sava\u015flar\u0131n \u0259sas s\u0259b\u0259bl\u0259rind\u0259n biri, h\u0259m\u00e7inin h\u0259rbi m\u00fch\u0259rrikl\u0259ri h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259t\u0259 g\u0259tir\u0259n vasit\u0259 \u0259v\u0259zin\u0259 smart v\u0259 4-5-ci n\u0259sil texnologiyalar, s\u00fcni intellekt m\u0259hsullar\u0131 v\u0259 ya\u015f\u0131l enerji t\u0259kc\u0259 yeralt\u0131 s\u0259rv\u0259tl\u0259ri qoruma\u011fa deyil, h\u0259m d\u0259 d\u00fcnyan\u0131n son 300 illik taleyini d\u0259yi\u015fdir\u0259 bil\u0259r. Art\u0131q g\u00fcn\u0259\u015f, k\u00fcl\u0259k v\u0259 s. t\u0259kc\u0259 t\u0259bi\u0259t-kainat hadis\u0259si deyil, h\u0259m d\u0259 t\u00fck\u0259nm\u0259z enerji m\u0259nb\u0259yi, transformasiyas\u0131 v\u0259 ekoloji inqilab\u0131n \u0259sas n\u00fcv\u0259si statusundad\u0131r.<\/p>\n Ba\u015fa \u00e7atmaqda olan 2024-c\u00fc il COP29, COP16 biom\u00fcxt\u0259liflik v\u0259 COP16 s\u0259hrala\u015fma t\u0259dbirl\u0259ri il\u0259 tarix\u0259 qovu\u015facaq. Bununla yana\u015f\u0131, iqlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyi \u00fczr\u0259 COP miqyas, m\u0259qs\u0259dl\u0259r v\u0259 \u00e7ox\u015fax\u0259li v\u0259zif\u0259l\u0259r bax\u0131m\u0131ndan m\u00fcst\u0259sna t\u0259dbir say\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n Qeyd edildiyi kimi, Az\u0259rbaycan iqlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyi il\u0259 m\u00fcbariz\u0259y\u0259 \u00f6n\u0259m ver\u0259n \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259n biri kimi b\u00fct\u00fcn sazi\u015f v\u0259 konvensiyalara qo\u015fulub. Enerji resurslar\u0131 il\u0259 z\u0259ngin olmas\u0131na r\u0259\u011fm\u0259n Az\u0259rbaycanda b\u0259rpa olunan enerji m\u0259nb\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259n istifad\u0259 h\u0259r zaman diqq\u0259t m\u0259rk\u0259zind\u0259 olub. D\u00f6vl\u0259t enerji t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259sizliyi siyas\u0259tinin t\u0259m\u0259l h\u0259d\u0259fl\u0259rind\u0259n biri d\u0259 \u00f6lk\u0259mizd\u0259 b\u0259rpa olunan enerji m\u0259nb\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259n istifad\u0259nin g\u00fccl\u0259ndirilm\u0259sind\u0259n ibar\u0259tdir. COP29-un prezidenti Muxtar Babayev VI \u00dcmumd\u00fcnya Forumu \u00e7\u0259r\u00e7iv\u0259sind\u0259 \u201cYa\u015f\u0131l g\u0259l\u0259c\u0259y\u0259 davaml\u0131 yol: COP29 v\u0259 sonrak\u0131 d\u00f6vr \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn birg\u0259 f\u0259aliyy\u0259t\u201d m\u00f6vzusunda ke\u00e7iril\u0259n toplant\u0131da bildirib: \u201cAz\u0259rbaycan haz\u0131rda d\u00fcnyan\u0131n prioritet kimi q\u0259bul etdiyi \u201cya\u015f\u0131l ke\u00e7id\u201din \u0259sas i\u015ftirak\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131ndan biridir. Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n 2030-cu il\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r sosial-iqtisadi inki\u015fafa dair be\u015f milli prioritetind\u0259n biri \u201cT\u0259miz \u0259traf m\u00fchit v\u0259 \u201cya\u015f\u0131l art\u0131m\u201d \u00f6lk\u0259si\u201d kimi m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n edilib. Bu prioritet\u0259 uy\u011fun olaraq, \u0259traf m\u00fchitin sa\u011flamla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, ya\u015f\u0131ll\u0131qlar\u0131n b\u0259rpas\u0131 v\u0259 art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, su ehtiyatlar\u0131ndan v\u0259 dayan\u0131ql\u0131 enerji m\u0259nb\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259n s\u0259m\u0259r\u0259li istifad\u0259nin t\u0259min edilm\u0259si istiqam\u0259tind\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259r apar\u0131l\u0131r. Bu g\u00fcn iqtisadi c\u0259h\u0259td\u0259n dayan\u0131ql\u0131, t\u0259miz v\u0259 sa\u011flam g\u0259l\u0259c\u0259y\u0259 ke\u00e7id \u0259n aktual \u00e7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131\u015flardan biridir. Eyni zamanda bir c\u0259miyy\u0259t olaraq qar\u015f\u0131m\u0131zda duran b\u00f6y\u00fck m\u0259suliyy\u0259tdir. \u00d6lk\u0259mizin iqlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyi m\u0259qs\u0259dl\u0259rinin qlobal \u00e7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131\u015flarla s\u0131x uzla\u015fmas\u0131 art\u0131q bizim \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n t\u0259cr\u00fcb\u0259 yarad\u0131b. B\u00f6y\u00fck enerji \u015firk\u0259tl\u0259ri il\u0259 icra etdiyimiz \u201cya\u015f\u0131l layih\u0259”l\u0259r \u00f6lk\u0259mizin “t\u0259miz enerji” \u00f6lk\u0259sin\u0259 transformasiyas\u0131na, ekoloji tarazl\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u0259st\u0259kl\u0259y\u0259n investisiyalar\u0131n t\u0259\u015fviqin\u0259 hesablan\u0131b\u201d [7].<\/p>\n COP29-da Az\u0259rbaycan qlobal birliy\u0259 \u201cya\u015f\u0131l\u201d enerjiy\u0259 ke\u00e7idl\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 t\u0259\u015f\u0259bb\u00fcsl\u0259rin\u0131 t\u0259qdim etdi. M\u0259lum oldu ki, COP-29 fosil yanacaqlara qlobal as\u0131l\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n azald\u0131lmas\u0131 v\u0259 b\u0259rpa olunan enerjinin t\u0259tbiqinin geni\u015fl\u0259ndirilm\u0259sin\u0259 x\u00fcsusi diqq\u0259t yetirm\u0259kl\u0259 enerji ke\u00e7id g\u00fcnd\u0259liyinin ir\u0259lil\u0259dilm\u0259sin\u0259 diqq\u0259t yetir\u0259c\u0259k. \u018fsas m\u0259qs\u0259dl\u0259r\u0259 k\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcn m\u0259rh\u0259l\u0259li \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 dayand\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 v\u0259 ya\u015f\u0131l hidrogen bazarlar\u0131n\u0131n inki\u015faf\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn x\u00fcsusi vaxt qrafikl\u0259rinin yarad\u0131lmas\u0131 daxildir ki, bunlar\u0131n h\u0259r ikisi Paris Sazi\u015finin h\u0259d\u0259fl\u0259rin\u0259 \u00e7atmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn vacibdir. COP29 h\u0259m\u00e7inin, x\u00fcsusil\u0259 qal\u0131q yanacaqlardan \u00e7ox as\u0131l\u0131 olan iqtisadiyyatlar \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn enerji t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259sizliyi probleml\u0259rini h\u0259ll ed\u0259c\u0259k v\u0259 t\u0259sir\u0259 m\u0259ruz qalm\u0131\u015f icmalar \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u0259dal\u0259tli ke\u00e7idi t\u0259min ed\u0259n siyas\u0259tl\u0259ri d\u0259st\u0259kl\u0259y\u0259c\u0259k. Bu t\u0259\u015f\u0259bb\u00fcsl\u0259ri ir\u0259li s\u00fcrm\u0259kl\u0259, COP29 uzunm\u00fcdd\u0259tli iqlim m\u0259qs\u0259dl\u0259rin\u0259 uy\u011fun g\u0259l\u0259n davaml\u0131, dayan\u0131ql\u0131 enerji sisteml\u0259ri yaratma\u011fa \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r.<\/p>\n \u201cYa\u015f\u0131l ke\u00e7id h\u0259m d\u0259 \u201c\u0259dal\u0259tli ke\u00e7id\u201d (\u201cjust transition\u201d) dem\u0259kdir. \u201c\u018fdal\u0259tli ke\u00e7id\u201d anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 ekoloji v\u0259 sosial b\u00f6hranlar aras\u0131nda \u0259laq\u0259nin d\u0259rk edilm\u0259sini n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259 tutur. Dekarbonizasiya v\u0259 ya\u015f\u0131l enerji m\u0259nb\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 ke\u00e7idin insanlar\u0131n rifah\u0131n\u0131n yax\u015f\u0131la\u015fmas\u0131 il\u0259 ziddiyy\u0259t t\u0259\u015fkil etm\u0259m\u0259si \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn iqtisadiyyatlar\u0131n dekarbonizasiya prosesl\u0259rind\u0259 i\u015f\u00e7il\u0259rin v\u0259 h\u0259ssas t\u0259b\u0259q\u0259l\u0259rin maraqlar\u0131 n\u0259z\u0259r\u0259 al\u0131n\u0131r. Yerli maraql\u0131 t\u0259r\u0259fl\u0259rl\u0259 (d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259r, d\u00f6vl\u0259t v\u0259 \u00f6z\u0259l \u015firk\u0259tl\u0259r, maliyy\u0259 institutlar\u0131, QHT-l\u0259r v\u0259 v\u0259t\u0259nda\u015f c\u0259miyy\u0259ti) t\u0259r\u0259fda\u015fl\u0131qda inkl\u00fcziv, \u0259dal\u0259tli v\u0259 davaml\u0131 enerji ke\u00e7idini t\u0259\u015fviq etm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn b\u00fct\u00fcn maliyy\u0259 al\u0259tl\u0259ri i\u015f\u0259 sal\u0131n\u0131r: \u0259dal\u0259tli planla\u015fd\u0131ma v\u0259 idar\u0259etm\u0259 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn inkl\u00fcziv yana\u015fman\u0131n q\u0259bul edilm\u0259si, proaktiv v\u0259 qoruyucu (protektiv) d\u00f6vl\u0259t siyas\u0259tinin h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irilm\u0259si, ev t\u0259s\u0259rr\u00fcfatlar\u0131na v\u0259 yerli hakimiyy\u0259t orqanlar\u0131na d\u0259st\u0259k ver\u0259rk\u0259n layiqli i\u015f yerl\u0259rinin yarad\u0131lmas\u0131\u201d [4].<\/p>\n \u0130qlim d\u0259yi\u015fm\u0259l\u0259ri il\u0259 m\u00fcbariz\u0259y\u0259 f\u0259al qo\u015fulan Az\u0259rbaycan b\u0259rpa olunan enerji m\u0259nb\u0259l\u0259ri \u00fczr\u0259 y\u00fcks\u0259k potensiala malik olan \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259ndir. \u00d6lk\u0259mizin b\u0259rpa olunan enerji m\u0259nb\u0259l\u0259rinin texniki potensial\u0131 quruda 135 QVt, d\u0259nizd\u0259 157 QVt-d\u0131r. B\u0259rpa olunan enerji m\u0259nb\u0259l\u0259rinin iqtisadi potensial\u0131 27 QVt, o c\u00fcml\u0259d\u0259n k\u00fcl\u0259k enerjisi \u00fczr\u0259 3000 MVt, g\u00fcn\u0259\u015f enerjisi \u00fczr\u0259 23000 MVt, bioenerji potensial\u0131 380 MVt, da\u011f \u00e7aylar\u0131n\u0131n potensial\u0131 520 MVt h\u0259cmind\u0259 qiym\u0259tl\u0259ndirilir. Hidroenerji g\u00fcc\u00fc 1301,8 MVt (35 \u0259d\u0259d stansiya, 24-\u00fc ki\u00e7ik su elek-trik stansiyas\u0131), k\u00fcl\u0259k enerjisi g\u00fcc\u00fc 66,4 MVt (8 stansiya, 3-\u00fc hibrid), bioenerji g\u00fcc\u00fc 37.7 MVt (2 stansiya, 1-i hibrid), g\u00fcn\u0259\u015f enerjisi g\u00fcc\u00fc 281,9 MVt (13 stansiya, 3-\u00fc hibrid) t\u0259\u015fkil edir. 2023-c\u00fc il \u0259rzind\u0259 respublikada elektrik enerjisinin istehsal\u0131 29,3 milyard kVt\u00b7st t\u0259\u015fkil edib. Bu d\u00f6vrd\u0259 elektrik enerjisinin istehsal\u0131 SES-l\u0259rd\u0259 1757,2 mln. kVt\u00b7st, dig\u0259r m\u0259nb\u0259l\u0259r (KES, GES v\u0259 BMTYZ) \u00fczr\u0259 is\u0259 359 mln. kVt\u00b7st olub. \u0130l \u0259rzind\u0259 k\u00fcl\u0259k elektrik stansiyalar\u0131nda 56,6 mln. kVt\u00b7st, g\u00fcn\u0259\u015f elektrik stansiyalar\u0131nda 79,4 mln. kVt\u00b7st, B\u0259rk M\u0259i\u015f\u0259t Tullant\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n Yand\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 Zavodunda 223 mln. kVt\u00b7st elektrik enerjisi istehsal edilib. B\u0259rpa olunan enerji m\u0259nb\u0259l\u0259ri hesab\u0131na istehsal olunmu\u015f elektrik enerjisi \u00fcmumi istehsal\u0131n t\u0259qrib\u0259n 7%-ni t\u0259\u015fkil edib. 2020-ci ild\u0259n Masdar, ACWA Power, bp, Fortescue Future Industries, China Gezhouba Group Overseas Investment, Total Energies, Nobel Energy, A-Z Czech Engineering v\u0259 Baltech \u015firk\u0259tl\u0259ri il\u0259 b\u0259rpa olunan enerji layih\u0259l\u0259ri il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 \u0259m\u0259kda\u015fl\u0131\u011fa ba\u015flan\u0131l\u0131b. 3 may 2021-ci il tarixind\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan Respublikas\u0131n\u0131n Prezidenti \u0130lham \u018fliyev t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n \u201cAz\u0259rbaycan Respublikas\u0131n\u0131n i\u015f\u011faldan azad edilmi\u015f \u0259razil\u0259rind\u0259 \u201cYa\u015f\u0131l Enerji Zonas\u0131\u201dn\u0131n yarad\u0131lmas\u0131 il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 t\u0259dbirl\u0259r haqq\u0131nda\u201d s\u0259r\u0259ncam imzalan\u0131b. \u00d6lk\u0259mizin i\u015f\u011faldan azad edilmi\u015f torpaqlar\u0131 \u201cya\u015f\u0131l enerji\u201d zonas\u0131 elan edilib. Bu \u0259razil\u0259rin 2050-ci il\u0259d\u0259k \u201cNetto s\u0131f\u0131r emissiya\u201d zonas\u0131na \u00e7evrilm\u0259si n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259 tutulur. Az\u0259rbaycan Respublikas\u0131nda hidrogen istehsal\u0131 v\u0259 istifad\u0259si il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 ara\u015fd\u0131rmalar\u0131n apar\u0131lmas\u0131 v\u0259 t\u0259klifl\u0259rin haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131 m\u0259qs\u0259dil\u0259 Energetika Nazirliyinin h\u0259ms\u0259dirliyi il\u0259 aidiyy\u0259ti qurumlar\u0131n n\u00fcmay\u0259nd\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259n ibar\u0259t \u0130\u015f\u00e7i qrup yarad\u0131l\u0131b [3].<\/p>\n COP29 \u00e7\u0259r\u00e7iv\u0259sind\u0259 \u0130qtisadiyyat Nazirliyinin v\u0259 Harvard Universitetinin \u201cGrowth Lab\u201d Beyn\u0259lxalq \u0130nki\u015faf M\u0259rk\u0259zi [12] aras\u0131nda \u0259m\u0259kda\u015fl\u0131q \u0259sas\u0131nda haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f qlobal \u201cYa\u015f\u0131l art\u0131m portal\u0131\u201dn\u0131n t\u0259qdimat\u0131 ke\u00e7irilib. \u201cYa\u015f\u0131l art\u0131m portal\u0131\u201dn\u0131n ya\u015f\u0131l texnologiya \u00fczr\u0259 t\u0259chizat z\u0259ncirl\u0259ri v\u0259 texnoloji h\u0259ll\u0259rin sisteml\u0259\u015fdirilm\u0259si vasit\u0259sil\u0259 ya\u015f\u0131l ke\u00e7idin iqtisadi faydalar\u0131n\u0131 maksimum d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259d\u0259 art\u0131rma\u011f\u0131 h\u0259d\u0259fl\u0259diyi qeyd olunub. \u201cYa\u015f\u0131l art\u0131m portal\u0131\u201d \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 v\u0259 investorlara \u201cya\u015f\u0131l\u201d ke\u00e7id strategiyalar\u0131n\u0131 t\u0259kmill\u0259\u015fdirm\u0259y\u0259 k\u00f6m\u0259k m\u0259qs\u0259dil\u0259 realla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. Harvard Universitetinin Beyn\u0259lxalq \u0130nki\u015faf M\u0259rk\u0259zinin t\u0259sis\u00e7isi v\u0259 direktoru, professor Rikardo Hausman\u0131n r\u0259hb\u0259rliyi il\u0259 yarad\u0131lan interaktiv al\u0259t \u201cya\u015f\u0131l\u201d d\u0259y\u0259r z\u0259nciri \u00fczr\u0259 t\u0259dqiqat m\u0259lumatlar\u0131n\u0131 \u0259hat\u0259 edir: \u201cYa\u015f\u0131l art\u0131m portal\u0131\u201d karbonsuzla\u015fmaya xidm\u0259t ed\u0259n yeni s\u0259naye sah\u0259l\u0259rinin, yeni bazarlar\u0131n v\u0259 inki\u015faf istiqam\u0259tl\u0259rinin formala\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 stimulla\u015fd\u0131racaq. Karbonsuz iqtisadiyyat \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn t\u0259chizat\u00e7\u0131 olmaq \u201cya\u015f\u0131l\u201d art\u0131ma v\u0259 qlobal emissiyalar\u0131n azalmas\u0131na t\u00f6hf\u0259 ver\u0259c\u0259k [11].<\/p>\n Habel\u0259,\u201cBak\u0131 Adaptasiya Yol X\u0259rit\u0259si\u201dnin yarad\u0131lmas\u0131 da bu istiqam\u0259td\u0259 \u00f6n\u0259mli q\u0259rarlardand\u0131r. B\u00fct\u00fcn bunlar qlobal istixana qaz\u0131 emissiyalar\u0131nda pay\u0131 c\u0259mi 0,1 faiz t\u0259\u015fkil ed\u0259n Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n d\u00fcnyaya n\u00fcmun\u0259vi \u00f6lk\u0259 kimi ki\u00e7ik emissiya pay\u0131na sahib d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259rin iqlim d\u0259yi\u015fm\u0259l\u0259ri il\u0259 m\u00fcbariz\u0259y\u0259 b\u00f6y\u00fck t\u00f6hf\u0259l\u0259r ver\u0259 bil\u0259c\u0259yini t\u0259sdiq edir.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n COP20 sonras\u0131 t\u0259dqiqat sah\u0259sind\u0259 g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u0259c\u0259k m\u00fcm\u00fcm i\u015fl\u0259rd\u0259n biri d\u0259 iqlim m\u00f6vzusunun \u00e7ox\u015fax\u0259li istiqam\u0259tl\u0259rinin ara\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, elm v\u0259 t\u0259hsil sah\u0259sind\u0259 \u00f6yr\u0259nilm\u0259si, bir \u00e7ox yen terminl\u0259rin elmi leksikonumuza g\u0259tirilm\u0259sidir. \u201c\u0130qlim t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259sizliyi” bu s\u0131rada yeni olmaqla yana\u015f\u0131, strateji \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259t\u0259 malik anlay\u0131\u015flardand\u0131r. Az\u0259rbaycanda bu sah\u0259d\u0259 t\u0259dqiqatlar h\u0259l\u0259lik yox d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259sind\u0259dir.<\/p>\n \u201c\u0130qlim t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259sizliyi” iqlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyi \u015f\u0259raitind\u0259 \u0259halinin v\u0259 d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259rin t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259sizliyini, o c\u00fcml\u0259d\u0259n \u0259traf m\u00fchitin qorunmas\u0131n\u0131 t\u0259min ed\u0259n konsepsiyad\u0131r. “\u0130qlim t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259sizliyi” konsepsiyas\u0131 – iqlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyi insanlar\u0131n v\u0259 xalqlar\u0131n t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259sizliyi \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn ciddi n\u0259tic\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 malik olmas\u0131n\u0131 diqq\u0259t m\u0259rk\u0259zin\u0259 g\u0259tirir. M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, d\u0259niz s\u0259viyy\u0259sinin qalxmas\u0131 sahilyan\u0131 da\u015fq\u0131nlara v\u0259 insanlar\u0131n k\u00fctl\u0259vi \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 yerd\u0259yi\u015fm\u0259sin\u0259, m\u00fcnaqi\u015f\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 v\u0259 ictimai-siyasi qeyri-sabitliy\u0259, sosial partlay\u0131\u015flara s\u0259b\u0259b ola bil\u0259r. Qas\u0131r\u011falar, da\u015fq\u0131nlar v\u0259 quraql\u0131q kimi ekstremal hava hadis\u0259l\u0259ri d\u0259 infrastrukturun da\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131na, k\u0259nd t\u0259s\u0259rr\u00fcfat\u0131 m\u0259hsuldarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n azalmas\u0131na v\u0259 ictimai t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259sizliy\u0259 t\u0259hdidl\u0259r\u0259 s\u0259b\u0259b ola bil\u0259r\u201d [9].<\/p>\n M\u00f6vzuya h\u0259s edilmi\u015f t\u0259dqiqatlar g\u00f6st\u0259rir ki, iqlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyinin insan t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259sizliyin\u0259 t\u0259sir ed\u0259c\u0259yi v\u0259ziyy\u0259tl\u0259r \u00e7oxsayl\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130qlim t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259sizliyi iqlim b\u00f6hran\u0131n\u0131n s\u00fclh v\u0259 t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259sizliy\u0259 birba\u015fa v\u0259 dolay\u0131 t\u0259sirl\u0259rini n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259 tutur, iqlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyi t\u0259hdidl\u0259rin \u00e7oxsay\u0131 s\u0259b\u0259b v\u0259 g\u00fccl\u0259ndiricisi-multiplikatoru kimi \u00e7\u0131x\u0131\u015f edir. \u0130qlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyinin n\u0259tic\u0259l\u0259ri insan t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259sizliyinin b\u00fct\u00fcn sah\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 – iqtisadiyyata, \u0259rzaq t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259sizliyin\u0259, sa\u011flaml\u0131\u011fa, \u0259traf m\u00fchit\u0259, \u015f\u0259xsi, icma v\u0259 siyasi rifaha t\u0259sir edir. \u0130qlim \u0259sasl\u0131 qa\u00e7q\u0131n v\u0259 miqrantlar da daxil olmaqla, h\u0259ssas v\u0259ziyy\u0259tli icmalara qeyri-m\u00fct\u0259nasib t\u0259sir g\u00f6st\u0259rm\u0259kl\u0259 s\u00fclh\u00fcn v\u0259 davaml\u0131 inki\u015faf s\u0259yl\u0259rin\u0259 mane\u0259 yaratmaqla m\u00fcnaqi\u015f\u0259l\u0259rin alovlanmas\u0131na s\u0259b\u0259b ola bil\u0259r. Qlobal istil\u0259\u015fm\u0259 prosesl\u0259ri, \u0259traf m\u00fchitin d\u0259yi\u015fm\u0259si v\u0259 hava \u015f\u0259raitinin d\u0259yi\u015fm\u0259si art\u0131q milli inki\u015faf ehtiyaclar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6d\u0259y\u0259 bilm\u0259y\u0259n \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 \u0259lav\u0259 t\u0259zyiql\u0259r yarad\u0131r. Sosial-iqtisadi m\u00fcnasib\u0259tl\u0259rd\u0259ki k\u00f6vr\u0259kliyi, marjinalla\u015fma v\u0259 t\u0259crid hissini d\u0259rinl\u0259\u015fdirir v\u0259 bununla da siyasi naraz\u0131l\u0131qlar\u0131 art\u0131r\u0131r. M\u00fcnaqi\u015f\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259n t\u0259sirl\u0259n\u0259n d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259rd\u0259 bu dinamika g\u0259rginliyi g\u00fccl\u0259ndirir, x\u00fcsus\u0259n d\u0259 milli v\u0259 yerli siyas\u0259tl\u0259r m\u00f6vcud g\u0259rginliyin s\u0259b\u0259bl\u0259rini aradan qald\u0131ra bilm\u0259dikd\u0259 v\u0259 t\u0259bii ehtiyatlar\u0131n t\u00fck\u0259ndiyi, \u0259n h\u0259ssas v\u0259 t\u0259crid olunmu\u015f qruplarla yerli vasit\u0259\u00e7ilik v\u0259 m\u00fcbahis\u0259l\u0259rin h\u0259lli mexanizml\u0259rini h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irm\u0259dikd\u0259 \u0259n\u0259n\u0259vi ya\u015fay\u0131\u015f t\u0259rzi v\u0259 vasit\u0259l\u0259ri t\u0259dric\u0259n m\u0259hv edilir.<\/p>\n G\u00f6zl\u0259nilm\u0259z ya\u011f\u0131nt\u0131lar v\u0259 ekstremal hava hadis\u0259l\u0259ri qida v\u0259 su u\u011frunda r\u0259qab\u0259t\u0259 s\u0259b\u0259b ola bil\u0259r. K\u0259nd t\u0259s\u0259rr\u00fcfat\u0131 istehsal\u0131n\u0131n azalmas\u0131 \u0259halinin b\u00f6y\u00fck t\u0259b\u0259q\u0259l\u0259rinin g\u0259lirl\u0259rinin itirilm\u0259sin\u0259 s\u0259b\u0259b ola bil\u0259r. Quraql\u0131qlar, da\u015fq\u0131nlar, tufanlar v\u0259 d\u0259niz s\u0259viyy\u0259sinin qalxmas\u0131 art\u0131q h\u0259r il 20 milyondan \u00e7ox insan\u0131 evl\u0259rini t\u0259rk etm\u0259y\u0259 v\u0259 \u00f6lk\u0259daxili dig\u0259r b\u00f6lg\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 k\u00f6\u00e7m\u0259y\u0259 m\u0259cbur edir.<\/p>\n \u0130qlim t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259sizliyi x\u00fcsus\u0259n d\u0259 z\u0259if v\u0259 m\u00fcnaqi\u015f\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259n t\u0259sirl\u0259n\u0259n \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 aktuald\u0131r. \u0130qlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyi t\u0259bii s\u0259rv\u0259tl\u0259r \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 r\u0259qab\u0259tin artmas\u0131, sosial b\u00f6hranlar, ekoloji miqrantlar v\u0259 s. kimi kaskad t\u0259sirl\u0259rl\u0259 qida, su v\u0259 ya\u015fay\u0131\u015f vasit\u0259l\u0259rinin \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fccl\u0259ndir\u0259 bil\u0259r. Bir \u00f6lk\u0259d\u0259 v\u0259 ya regionda g\u0259rginliyin, m\u00fcnaqi\u015f\u0259nin v\u0259 qeyri-sabitliyin artmas\u0131na s\u0259b\u0259b ola bil\u0259r.<\/p>\n M\u00fcnaqi\u015f\u0259nin art\u0131q m\u00f6vcud oldu\u011fu \u015f\u0259raitd\u0259 iqlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyinin t\u0259sirl\u0259ri onu daha da g\u00fccl\u0259ndir\u0259 v\u0259 ya uzada bil\u0259r ki, bu da s\u00fclh\u0259 nail olma\u011f\u0131 v\u0259 onu davam etdirm\u0259yi \u00e7\u0259tinl\u0259\u015fdirir. M\u00fcnaqi\u015f\u0259 \u00f6z n\u00f6vb\u0259sind\u0259 ya enerji, su v\u0259 k\u0259nd t\u0259s\u0259rr\u00fcfat\u0131 ehtiyatlar\u0131n\u0131n aktiv \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 m\u0259hv edilm\u0259si, ya da yum\u015fald\u0131lma v\u0259 uy\u011funla\u015fma m\u00fcdaxil\u0259l\u0259rini gecikdirm\u0259k v\u0259 yaxud bloklamaq yolu il\u0259 iqlim f\u0259aliyy\u0259tin\u0259 mane\u0259 t\u00f6r\u0259d\u0259 bil\u0259r. \u0130qlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyi resurs q\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131na v\u0259 m\u00f6vcud \u00e7oxsayl\u0131 sosial, iqtisadi v\u0259 ekoloji probleml\u0259ri daha da k\u0259skinl\u0259\u015fdirdiyin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259 multiplikatoru (d\u0259f\u0259l\u0259rl\u0259 g\u00fccl\u0259ndirici) adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r [18].<\/p>\n \u0130qlim t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259sizliyi il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 proqnozlar daha b\u00f6y\u00fck t\u0259hdidl\u0259rd\u0259n x\u0259b\u0259r verir. T\u0259hlill\u0259r g\u00f6st\u0259rir ki, 2030-cu il\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r iqlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyi s\u0259b\u0259bind\u0259n daha 130 milyon insan yoxsullu\u011fa d\u00fc\u00e7ar ola bil\u0259r. Bu da t\u0259kc\u0259 \u0259rzaq v\u0259 su t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259sizliyi daxil olmaqla, m\u00f6vcud t\u0259hdidl\u0259ri deyil, h\u0259m d\u0259 sosial-iqtisadi durumu v\u0259 siyasi sabitliyi poza bil\u0259r. M\u00fcxt\u0259lif \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 m\u00f6vcud olan f\u0259rqli durum v\u0259 k\u00f6vr\u0259k parametrl\u0259l\u0259 \u0259laq\u0259li \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 bu t\u0259sirl\u0259r t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259sizlik probleml\u0259rini k\u0259skinl\u0259\u015fdir\u0259 bil\u0259r. Bundan \u0259lav\u0259, iqliml\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259sizlik riskl\u0259ri \u00e7ox vaxt c\u0259miyy\u0259tin h\u0259ssas t\u0259b\u0259q\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 – u\u015faqlara, qad\u0131nlara, \u0259lilll\u0259r\u0259, ya\u015fl\u0131 t\u0259b\u0259q\u0259y\u0259 v\u0259 s. qeyri-m\u00fct\u0259nasib s\u0259viyy\u0259d\u0259 a\u011f\u0131r t\u0259sir g\u00f6st\u0259rir.<\/p>\n Buna g\u00f6r\u0259 d\u0259, iqlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyin\u0259 cavab t\u0259dbirl\u0259ri s\u0131ras\u0131nda m\u00fcnaqi\u015f\u0259l\u0259rin qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n al\u0131nmas\u0131 v\u0259 s\u00fclhyaratma f\u0259aliyy\u0259tl\u0259ri paralel \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irilm\u0259lidir. \u0130qlim d\u0259yi\u015fm\u0259l\u0259rinin t\u0259nziml\u0259nm\u0259sin\u0259 s\u0259rmay\u0259 qoymaq m\u00fcnaqi\u015f\u0259d\u0259n \u0259ziyy\u0259t \u00e7\u0259k\u0259n b\u00f6lg\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 \u00e7ox vacibdir v\u0259 do\u011fru t\u0259tbiq edildikd\u0259 \u0259m\u0259kda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00fccl\u0259ndirm\u0259k, etimad\u0131 b\u0259rpa etm\u0259k y\u00f6n\u00fcnd\u0259 m\u00fch\u00fcm f\u00fcrs\u0259t ola bil\u0259r [19].<\/p>\n Yenid\u0259nqurma s\u0259yl\u0259rind\u0259 b\u0259rpa olunan m\u0259nb\u0259l\u0259rin v\u0259 t\u0259miz texnologiyalar\u0131n se\u00e7ilm\u0259si d\u0259 davaml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00fccl\u0259ndirir v\u0259 sonrak\u0131 m\u0259rh\u0259l\u0259d\u0259 yenid\u0259n t\u0259chiz etm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn baha ba\u015fa g\u0259l\u0259n s\u0259yl\u0259rin qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 al\u0131r.<\/p>\n \u00dcmumil\u0259\u015fdirm\u0259y\u0259 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fsaq:<\/strong><\/p>\n \u0130qlim t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259sizliyin\u0259 riskl\u0259r (iqlim riskl\u0259ri) d\u0259 geni\u015f m\u00f6vzudur. Onlardan b\u0259zil\u0259rini qeyd ed\u0259 bil\u0259rik: <\/strong><\/p>\n M\u0259hdud resurslar \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 r\u0259qab\u0259t. \u0130qlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyi t\u0259bii ehtiyatlara \u0259l\u00e7atanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7\u0259tinl\u0259\u015fdirir, \u0259hali \u00f6z dolan\u0131\u015f\u0131q vasit\u0259l\u0259rinin v\u0259 ya\u015fam strategiyalar\u0131n\u0131n as\u0131l\u0131 oldu\u011fu resurslar\u0131n paylanmas\u0131nda b\u00f6hran ya\u015fay\u0131r. Bu is\u0259 \u00f6z n\u00f6vb\u0259sind\u0259 m\u0259hdud resurslar \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 daha b\u00f6y\u00fck r\u0259qab\u0259t, sosial g\u0259rginlik v\u0259 m\u00fcbahis\u0259l\u0259rin artmas\u0131 il\u0259 n\u0259tic\u0259l\u0259nir.<\/p>\n Son ill\u0259rd\u0259 z\u0259lz\u0259l\u0259, qas\u0131r\u011fa v\u0259 s. t\u0259bii f\u0259lak\u0259tl\u0259r, qlobal miqyasda m\u00fcnaqi\u015f\u0259l\u0259r, pandemiya, k\u0259skinl\u0259\u015f\u0259n ekstremal hava \u015f\u0259raiti s\u0259b\u0259bind\u0259n \u0259rzaq t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259sizliyi rekord s\u0259viyy\u0259y\u0259 \u00e7at\u0131b. 2022-ci ild\u0259 58 \u00f6lk\u0259d\u0259 260 milyona yax\u0131n insan k\u0259skin qida \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131, 35 milyon insan is\u0259 tam acl\u0131qla \u00fczl\u0259\u015fib.<\/p>\n M\u00fcnaqi\u015f\u0259 t\u0259sirin\u0259 m\u0259ruz qalan \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 t\u0259sir g\u00fccl\u0259nir, \u00e7\u00fcnki insanlar art\u0131q daha \u00e7ox \u00e7\u0259tinliy\u0259 d\u00f6zm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn m\u0259hdud imkanlarla humanitar yard\u0131ma ehtiyac duyurlar. Afrika Buynuzu boyunca 2022-ci ild\u0259 20,9 milyon insan yax\u0131n tarixd\u0259ki \u0259n uzun v\u0259 \u0259n \u015fidd\u0259tli quraql\u0131q s\u0259b\u0259bind\u0259n y\u00fcks\u0259k d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259d\u0259 qida \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131 il\u0259 \u00fczl\u0259\u015fdi. T\u0259kc\u0259 Keniya v\u0259 Somalid\u0259, dem\u0259k olar ki, 3 milyon insan f\u00f6vq\u0259lad\u0259 s\u0259viyy\u0259d\u0259 \u0259rzaq t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259sizliyi il\u0259 \u00fczl\u0259\u015fib [16].<\/p>\n K\u00fctl\u0259vi k\u00f6\u00e7k\u00fcnl\u00fck, qa\u00e7q\u0131nl\u0131q.<\/strong> Proqozlara g\u00f6r\u0259, 2050-ci il\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r iqlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyi d\u00fcnyan\u0131n 6 regionunda 216 milyon insan\u0131 \u00f6z \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259n k\u00f6\u00e7m\u0259y\u0259 m\u0259cbur ed\u0259 bil\u0259r. Su q\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 m\u0259hsuldarl\u0131q v\u0259 d\u0259niz s\u0259viyy\u0259sinin y\u00fcks\u0259lm\u0259si n\u00f6vb\u0259ti yar\u0131m \u0259sr \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn iqlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyinin trayektoriyas\u0131n\u0131 formala\u015fd\u0131racaq, m\u0259cburi yerd\u0259yi\u015fm\u0259ni s\u00fcr\u0259tl\u0259ndir\u0259c\u0259k, eyni zamanda m\u00f6vcud g\u0259rginliyi g\u00fccl\u0259ndir\u0259c\u0259k v\u0259 ya yenil\u0259rini yaradacaq.<\/p>\n M\u0259hrumiyy\u0259t v\u0259 q\u00fctbl\u0259\u015fm\u0259<\/strong>. Qlobal miqyasda h\u0259r 7 n\u0259f\u0259rd\u0259n 6-s\u0131 \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc m\u0259hrumiyy\u0259td\u0259 hiss edir. Bunu qism\u0259n iqlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyinin t\u0259siri il\u0259 izah etm\u0259k olar. \u0130qlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyi b\u0259rab\u0259rsizlikl\u0259ri pisl\u0259\u015fdir\u0259, h\u0259ssas icmalara qeyri-m\u00fct\u0259nasib \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 t\u0259sir g\u00f6st\u0259r\u0259 v\u0259 sosial \u015fikay\u0259tl\u0259ri g\u00fccl\u0259ndir\u0259 bil\u0259r. Ya\u015fay\u0131\u015f vasit\u0259l\u0259rinin pozulmas\u0131, resurslarla ba\u011fl\u0131 m\u00fcbahis\u0259l\u0259r v\u0259 yerd\u0259yi\u015fm\u0259 m\u00f6vcud g\u0259rginliyi g\u00fccl\u0259ndir\u0259 v\u0259 qeyri-sabitliy\u0259 s\u0259b\u0259b ola bil\u0259r [8].<\/p>\n \u00dcst\u0259lik, m\u0259hrumiyy\u0259t siyasi q\u00fctbl\u0259\u015fm\u0259 v\u0259 ekstremizml\u0259 \u0259laq\u0259l\u0259ndirilir. Qlobal S\u00fclh \u0130ndeksin\u0259 (2022) g\u00f6r\u0259, son 14 ild\u0259n 11-d\u0259 siyasi qeyri-sabitlik, zorak\u0131 ekstremizm, g\u0259rgin qon\u015fuluq m\u00fcnasib\u0259tl\u0259ri s\u0259rh\u0259dl\u0259r daxilind\u0259 v\u0259 s\u0259rh\u0259dd\u0259nk\u0259nar k\u00f6\u00e7k\u00fcnl\u00fckl\u0259ri a\u011f\u0131rla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131b [13].<\/p>\n T\u0259dqiqatlara g\u00f6r\u0259, \u0259n ciddi iqlim riskl\u0259ri v\u0259 m\u00fcnaqi\u015f\u0259l\u0259r iqlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyin\u0259 h\u0259ssas v\u0259 daha az adaptasiya qabiliyy\u0259tin\u0259 malik olan yoxsul \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 g\u00f6zl\u0259nilir, varl\u0131 \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259r d\u0259 bel\u0259 t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259n s\u0131\u011fortalanmay\u0131b. \u0130qlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyi varl\u0131lar v\u0259 yoxsullar aras\u0131nda b\u0259rab\u0259rsizliyi art\u0131rd\u0131qca, geni\u015fmiqyasl\u0131 miqrasiya \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn t\u0259zyiq regional v\u0259 qlobal miqyasda daha da arta bil\u0259r. D\u00fcnyan\u0131n \u0259n \u00e7ox z\u0259r\u0259r \u00e7\u0259kmi\u015f regionlar\u0131nda m\u00fcnaqi\u015f\u0259l\u0259r qa\u00e7q\u0131n ax\u0131nlar\u0131, etnik qar\u015f\u0131durma, ekoloji resurslar\u0131n qanunsuz istismar\u0131 v\u0259 ya silah ixrac\u0131 vasit\u0259sil\u0259 qon\u015fu d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259r\u0259 yay\u0131la bil\u0259r.<\/p>\n Bu c\u00fcr geni\u015fl\u0259n\u0259n t\u0259sirl\u0259r b\u00fct\u00fcn regionlarda sabitliyi poza, qlobal v\u0259 regional idar\u0259etm\u0259 strukturlar\u0131n\u0131 h\u0259dd\u0259n art\u0131q geni\u015fl\u0259ndir\u0259r\u0259k b\u00f6hran\u0131n co\u011frafi miqyas\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcnm\u0259mi\u015f h\u0259dd\u0259 \u00e7atd\u0131ra bil\u0259r. 2005-ci ild\u0259 Katrina qas\u0131r\u011fas\u0131n\u0131n da\u011f\u0131d\u0131c\u0131 t\u0259siri v\u0259 2003-c\u00fc ild\u0259 Avropada k\u0259skin istil\u0259\u015fm\u0259 dal\u011fas\u0131 g\u00f6st\u0259rdi ki, t\u0259kc\u0259 yoxsul \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259r iqlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyin\u0259 h\u0259ssas deyil, h\u0259m d\u0259 d\u00fcnyan\u0131n \u0259n z\u0259ngin d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259ri d\u0259 k\u0259skin hava hadis\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259n ciddi \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 t\u0259sirl\u0259n\u0259 bil\u0259r. \u0130nki\u015faf etmi\u015f \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259r m\u00fcmk\u00fcn iqtisadi t\u0259sirl\u0259ri v\u0259 miqrasiya t\u0259zyiql\u0259rini g\u00f6rm\u0259m\u0259zlikd\u0259n g\u0259l\u0259 bilm\u0259zl\u0259r, x\u00fcsusil\u0259 t\u0259sirl\u0259r\u0259 m\u0259ruz qalan regionlarda iqliml\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 m\u00fcnaqi\u015f\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 c\u0259lb oluna bil\u0259rl\u0259r. Bundan \u0259lav\u0259, iqlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyi b\u00f6y\u00fck g\u00fccl\u0259r aras\u0131nda resurs r\u0259qab\u0259tini art\u0131ra (m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, Arktikada), \u0259lav\u0259 risk v\u0259 m\u00fcnaqi\u015f\u0259 potensial\u0131 (m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, n\u00fcv\u0259 enerjisi, bioenerji, geo-m\u00fch\u0259ndisliyin geni\u015fl\u0259ndirilm\u0259si) il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 geosiyasi strategiyalara t\u0259kan ver\u0259 bil\u0259r. M\u00fcmk\u00fcn m\u00fcnaqi\u015f\u0259l\u0259rin qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 almaq v\u0259 ya onlar\u0131 idar\u0259 etm\u0259k m\u0259qs\u0259dil\u0259 iqlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyi riskl\u0259rin\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259sizlik icmas\u0131 yaratmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn inki\u015faf etmi\u015f v\u0259 inki\u015faf etm\u0259kd\u0259 olan \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259r aras\u0131nda institutlar\u0131 v\u0259 \u0259m\u0259kda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00fccl\u0259ndirm\u0259y\u0259 y\u00f6n\u0259lmi\u015f qabaqlay\u0131c\u0131 iqlim siyas\u0259ti t\u0259tbiq oluna bil\u0259r.<\/p>\n Yeni \u0259m\u0259kda\u015fl\u0131q yana\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n v\u0259 institusional \u00e7\u0259r\u00e7iv\u0259l\u0259rin inki\u015faf\u0131 iqlim t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259sizliyini art\u0131rmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn h\u0259m iqlim, h\u0259m d\u0259 t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259sizlik siyas\u0259tinin h\u0259ll\u0259rini birl\u0259\u015fdir\u0259n regional v\u0259 qlobal idar\u0259etm\u0259 strukturlar\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn problemdir. Adaptiv idar\u0259etm\u0259 z\u0259lz\u0259l\u0259 riskl\u0259rinin qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 almaq, t\u0259bii v\u0259 sosial sisteml\u0259rin iqlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyinin yaratd\u0131\u011f\u0131 m\u00fcr\u0259kk\u0259b m\u00fchit\u0259 uy\u011funla\u015fmas\u0131na imkan verm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn iqlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyind\u0259n tutmu\u015f insan etibars\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131na, sosial qeyri-sabitliy\u0259 v\u0259 \u015fidd\u0259tli qar\u015f\u0131durmaya q\u0259d\u0259r s\u0259b\u0259b z\u0259ncirl\u0259ri boyunca bir \u00e7ox q\u0259rar n\u00f6qt\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 t\u0259sir etm\u0259y\u0259 \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Yerli s\u0259viyy\u0259d\u0259n qlobal s\u0259viyy\u0259y\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r idar\u0259\u00e7iliy\u0259 agent \u0259sasl\u0131 yana\u015fmalar d\u0259yi\u015f\u0259n \u015f\u0259rtl\u0259r\u0259 cavab ver\u0259n, natamam bilik, m\u0259kan v\u0259 zaman \u00e7\u0259r\u00e7iv\u0259sind\u0259 yenil\u0259nmi\u015f m\u0259lumat \u0259sas\u0131nda x\u00fcsusi q\u0259rar qaydalar\u0131na uy\u011fun h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259t ed\u0259n real d\u00fcnya agentl\u0259rini t\u0259msil etm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn istifad\u0259 edil\u0259 bil\u0259r. Onlar h\u0259m\u00e7inin yerli v\u0259 qlobal agentl\u0259r aras\u0131nda \u00e7oxs\u0259viyy\u0259li q\u0259rar q\u0259buletm\u0259 prosesini v\u0259 ictimai strukturlar\u0131n formala\u015fmas\u0131na v\u0259 par\u00e7alanmas\u0131na s\u0259b\u0259b olan f\u0259rdi v\u0259 kollektiv f\u0259aliyy\u0259t aras\u0131nda ke\u00e7idi idar\u0259 etm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn uy\u011fundur. Qlobal v\u0259 regional idar\u0259etm\u0259 strukturlar\u0131n\u0131 simulyasiya ed\u0259n bel\u0259 bir \u00e7\u0259r\u00e7iv\u0259 m\u00fcnaqi\u015f\u0259d\u0259n \u0259m\u0259kda\u015fl\u0131\u011fa ke\u00e7id \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn t\u0259l\u0259b olunan \u015f\u0259rtl\u0259ri t\u0259hlil etm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn adekvatd\u0131r. Bu t\u00f6hf\u0259 iqlimin insan t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259sizliyin\u0259, ictimai sabitliy\u0259 v\u0259 y\u00fcks\u0259k riskli qaynar iqlim n\u00f6qt\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 \u015fidd\u0259tli m\u00fcnaqi\u015f\u0259y\u0259 t\u0259sirl\u0259rinin inteqrasiya olunmu\u015f qiym\u0259tl\u0259ndirilm\u0259si \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u00e7\u0259r\u00e7iv\u0259 t\u0259min edir. \u0130qlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyi il\u0259 \u00fczl\u0259\u015f\u0259n c\u0259miyy\u0259tl\u0259ri g\u00fccl\u0259ndirm\u0259y\u0259 k\u00f6m\u0259k ed\u0259n elm \u0259sasl\u0131 inteqrasiya olunmu\u015f strategiyalar\u0131n v\u0259 h\u0259ll\u0259rin haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131 haz\u0131rda diqq\u0259t m\u0259rk\u0259zind\u0259dir.<\/p>\n H\u0259min t\u0259dqiqatlar\u0131n birind\u0259 iqlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyi, \u0259traf m\u00fchitd\u0259 yaranan g\u0259rginlik, insan ehtiyaclar\u0131 v\u0259 sosial n\u0259tic\u0259l\u0259r aras\u0131nda s\u0259b\u0259b-n\u0259tic\u0259 \u0259laq\u0259l\u0259ri g\u00f6st\u0259rilir. \u0130qlim sistemind\u0259ki d\u0259yi\u015fiklikl\u0259r, m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, temperaturun v\u0259 ya\u011f\u0131nt\u0131n\u0131n k\u0259skin d\u0259yi\u015fm\u0259si \u0259traf m\u00fchit sisteml\u0259rin\u0259 v\u0259 t\u0259bii ehtiyatlara birba\u015fa t\u0259sir g\u00f6st\u0259rir.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u0130qlim d\u0259yi\u015fm\u0259l\u0259ri il\u0259 m\u00fcbariz\u0259 prosesl\u0259ri d\u0259 m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n t\u0259kam\u00fcl prosesl\u0259rind\u0259n ke\u00e7ib, m\u0259zmun, m\u0259qs\u0259d v\u0259 mahiyy\u0259tc\u0259 d\u0259yi\u015fib. T\u0259dqiqat\u00e7\u0131lar geosiyasi g\u0259rginlikl\u0259r fonunda ya\u015f\u0131l enerjiy\u0259 ke\u00e7idin m\u00fcr\u0259kk\u0259blikl\u0259rini geni\u015f ara\u015fd\u0131rmaqdad\u0131rlar. \u201c\u0130qlim v\u0259 enerji t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259sizliyi \u0259l-\u0259l\u0259 y\u00fcr\u00fcm\u0259lidir\u201d adl\u0131 t\u0259dqiqatda qeyd edilir ki, bir ne\u00e7\u0259 il \u0259vv\u0259l, bol enerji ehtiyatlar\u0131 d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259 d\u00fcnyan\u0131n diqq\u0259ti xalis s\u0131f\u0131r karbon emissiyas\u0131na nail olmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn qal\u0131q yanacaq istifad\u0259sinin m\u0259hdudla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na y\u00f6n\u0259lmi\u015fdi. Bu g\u00fcn prioritetl\u0259r Rusiyan\u0131n Ukraynaya m\u00fcdaxil\u0259sind\u0259n sonra enerji q\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131, t\u0259dar\u00fck t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259l\u0259ri v\u0259 qiym\u0259t art\u0131mlar\u0131 fonunda d\u0259yi\u015fib. \u018flveri\u015fli v\u0259 etibarl\u0131 enerji t\u0259min etm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn m\u00fcbariz\u0259 iqlim f\u0259aliyy\u0259tin\u0259 t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259 yarada bil\u0259r. D\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259r v\u0259 onlar\u0131n liderl\u0259ri t\u0259cili enerji ehtiyaclar\u0131 il\u0259 uzunm\u00fcdd\u0259tli ya\u015f\u0131l h\u0259d\u0259fl\u0259r aras\u0131ndak\u0131 bo\u015flu\u011fu, h\u0259ssas \u0259laq\u0259l\u0259ri nec\u0259 idar\u0259 edirl\u0259r?<\/p>\n Beyn\u0259lxalq Valyuta Fondunun \u201cMaliyy\u0259 v\u0259 inki\u015faf\u201d adl\u0131 n\u0259\u015frind\u0259 Beyn\u0259lxalq Enerji Agentliyinin r\u0259hb\u0259ri Fatih Birol qeyd edir ki, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n enerji t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259sizliyi v\u0259 iqlim t\u0259dbirl\u0259ri aras\u0131nda se\u00e7im etm\u0259k kimi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnc\u0259l\u0259r yanl\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. M\u00f6vcud b\u00f6hrandan qal\u0131q yanacaqlardan as\u0131l\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u0259rinl\u0259\u015fdirm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn b\u0259han\u0259 kimi istifad\u0259 etm\u0259m\u0259kl\u0259 paralel olaraq, neft v\u0259 qazdan as\u0131l\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 azaltmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn t\u0259miz enerjiy\u0259, o c\u00fcml\u0259d\u0259n enerji s\u0259m\u0259r\u0259liliyi, b\u0259rpa olunan enerji m\u0259nb\u0259l\u0259ri, elektrikl\u0259\u015fdirm\u0259 v\u0259 bir s\u0131ra t\u0259miz yanacaq n\u00f6vl\u0259rin\u0259 daha \u00e7ox s\u0259rmay\u0259 qoyulmas\u0131 siyas\u0259tini d\u0259st\u0259kl\u0259m\u0259k daha m\u0259qbuldur. Enerji m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259ri \u00fczr\u0259 dig\u0259r t\u0259dqiqat\u00e7\u0131 hesab edir ki, enerji ke\u00e7idi son d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259 diqq\u0259tli dig\u0259r prioritetl\u0259rl\u0259 m\u00fcbariz\u0259 aparan inki\u015faf etm\u0259kd\u0259 olan \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 iqtisadi b\u00f6hranlara s\u0259b\u0259b olacaqsa, ya\u015f\u0131l ke\u00e7id, iqlim d\u0259yi\u015fm\u0259l\u0259ri il\u0259 m\u00fcbariz\u0259 ictimai d\u0259st\u0259yi itir\u0259 bil\u0259r. T\u0259dqiqat \u00e7ox vaxt t\u0259hlild\u0259n \u00fcst\u00fcn olur\u201d [10].<\/p>\n <\/p>\n N\u0259tic\u0259: <\/strong><\/p>\n Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n ya\u015f\u0131l ke\u00e7id strategiyas\u0131 h\u0259m d\u0259 elm, t\u0259dqiqat <\/strong>v\u0259 maarifl\u0259ndirm\u0259 sah\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 iqlim m\u00f6vzusu il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 yeni<\/strong><\/p>\n m\u0259rh\u0259l\u0259nin ba\u015flan\u011f\u0131c\u0131 dem\u0259kdir<\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n T\u0259hlild\u0259n g\u00f6r\u00fcnd\u00fcy\u00fc kimi, iqlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyi bir \u00e7ox \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259r t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n milli t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259sizlik problemi olmaqla yana\u015f\u0131, h\u0259m d\u0259 m\u00fcxt\u0259lif n\u00f6v m\u00fcnaqi\u015f\u0259l\u0259rin v\u0259 t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259sizlik riskl\u0259rinin s\u0259b\u0259bl\u0259rini g\u00fccl\u0259ndir\u0259n amil kimi tan\u0131n\u0131r. BMT-nin iqlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyi il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 hesabat\u0131nda g\u00f6st\u0259rilir ki, iqlim t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259sizliyinin h\u0259ll edilm\u0259si y\u00f6n\u00fcnd\u0259 t\u0259dbirl\u0259r m\u00fcnaqi\u015f\u0259l\u0259rin qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n al\u0131nmas\u0131 v\u0259 s\u00fclhyaratma f\u0259aliyy\u0259tl\u0259ri il\u0259 ah\u0259ng t\u0259\u015fkil etm\u0259lidir. \u0130qlim f\u0259aliyy\u0259tin\u0259 investisiyalar m\u00fcnaqi\u015f\u0259li v\u0259 m\u00fcnaqi\u015f\u0259 sonras\u0131 \u015f\u0259raitd\u0259 vacibdir. \u0130qlim D\u0259yi\u015fikliyi \u00fczr\u0259 H\u00f6kum\u0259tl\u0259raras\u0131 Panelin (IPCC) Alt\u0131nc\u0131 Qiym\u0259tl\u0259ndirm\u0259 Hesabat\u0131nda qeyd edilir ki, iqlim h\u0259ll\u0259ri iqlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyin\u0259 h\u0259ssas olan m\u00fcnaqi\u015f\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 meyilli regionlarda taley\u00fckl\u00fc \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259t\u0259 malikdir [17].<\/p>\n Az\u0259rbaycan otuz ild\u0259n \u00e7ox i\u015f\u011fal alt\u0131nda qalan, t\u0259bi\u0259ti viran qoyulan torpaqlar\u0131 azad etm\u0259kl\u0259, n\u0259inki regionun, b\u00fct\u00f6vl\u00fckd\u0259 d\u00fcnyan\u0131n iqlim v\u0259 ekoloji t\u0259hl\u00fcksizliyin\u0259 misilsiz t\u00f6hf\u0259 verib. Bu bax\u0131mdan, Erm\u0259nistan\u0131n torpaqlar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 3 onillik boyu talan ed\u0259n, viran qoyan ekofa\u015fizm siyas\u0259tinin ara\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 v\u0259 t\u0259bli\u011fi, ekoloji cinay\u0259tl\u0259rl\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 ger\u00e7\u0259kl\u0259rin \u00e7atd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 iqlim kontekstind\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131da duran \u0259n m\u00fch\u00fcm v\u0259zif\u0259dir. Erm\u0259nistan\u0131n h\u0259rbi\/m\u00fcharib\u0259 cinay\u0259tl\u0259rini t\u00f6r\u0259d\u0259n \u00f6lk\u0259 imicin\u0259 daha biri – ekoloji cinay\u0259tkar \u00f6lk\u0259 imicinin tan\u0131d\u0131lmas\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnd\u0259 f\u0259aliyy\u0259t ba\u015flay\u0131b.<\/p>\n Daha bir vacib sah\u0259 – Erm\u0259nistan\u0131n t\u0259bi\u0259timiz\u0259 v\u0259 xalq\u0131m\u0131za qar\u015f\u0131 apard\u0131\u011f\u0131 mina terrorudur. Mina t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259si t\u0259kc\u0259 azad torpaqlara qay\u0131d\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0259tinl\u0259\u015fdirmir, h\u0259m d\u0259 yararl\u0131 v\u0259 m\u00fcnbit torpaqlar\u0131n z\u0259ngin fauna v\u0259 floras\u0131n\u0131 m\u0259hv edir. Mina problemi Erm\u0259nistan\u0131n xalq\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n fundamental insan haqlar\u0131na vurdu\u011fu z\u0259rb\u0259l\u0259rin davam\u0131d\u0131r. 30 illik i\u015f\u011fal d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259 Qaraba\u011fda t\u00f6r\u0259dil\u0259n ger\u00e7\u0259k \u201cekofa\u015fizm\u201d siyas\u0259tinin d\u00fcnyaya tan\u0131d\u0131lmas\u0131, d\u0259ymi\u015f ziyan\u0131n \u00f6d\u0259nilm\u0259si v\u0259 cinay\u0259tkarlar\u0131n m\u0259suliyy\u0259t\u0259 c\u0259lb edilm\u0259si \u0259n prioritet m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259ndir. Beyn\u0259lxalq ekoloji h\u00fcquq v\u0259 cinay\u0259tl\u0259rl\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 t\u0259\u015fkilatlarla m\u00fcnasib\u0259tl\u0259rin qurulmas\u0131, trendl\u0259rin izl\u0259nilm\u0259si, ekoloji profilli sosial \u015f\u0259b\u0259k\u0259 hesablar\u0131n\u0131n yarad\u0131lmas\u0131, f\u0259all\u0131\u011f\u0131 da g\u00fcnd\u0259md\u0259 durur.<\/p>\n Erm\u0259nil\u0259rin \u201ck\u00fctl\u0259vi, m\u0259cburi k\u00f6\u00e7”, d\u0131rnaqaras\u0131 “etnik t\u0259mizl\u0259m\u0259”, “humanitar f\u0259lak\u0259t” \u015f\u00fcar\u0131 \u0259traf\u0131nda dezinformasiya h\u00fccumu qurmaq c\u0259hdl\u0259rinin if\u015fas\u0131 m\u0259hz iqlim v\u0259 ekoloji cinay\u0259tl\u0259rl\u0259 d\u0259f edil\u0259 bil\u0259r.<\/p>\n 1846-c\u0131 ild\u0259n b\u0259ri \u00f6lk\u0259mizd\u0259 \u00e7\u0131xar\u0131lan neftin \u00fcmumi miqdar\u0131 1971-ci ild\u0259 1 milyard ton, 2017-ci ild\u0259 b\u00f6y\u00fck t\u0259nt\u0259n\u0259 il\u0259 d\u00f6vl\u0259t s\u0259viyy\u0259sind\u0259 qeyd olunan 2 milyard ton olub. Lakin ilin b\u00fct\u00fcn f\u0259sill\u0259rind\u0259 g\u00f6yd\u0259 G\u00fcn\u0259\u015fi v\u0259 k\u00fcl\u0259yi g\u00f6r\u0259n az\u0259rbaycanl\u0131lar bu t\u00fck\u0259nm\u0259z s\u0259rv\u0259td\u0259n g\u0259r\u0259yinc\u0259 istifad\u0259 ed\u0259 bilm\u0259yibl\u0259r. Biz 8 noyabr Z\u0259f\u0259r v\u0259 20 sentyabr B\u00fct\u00f6vl\u00fck g\u00fcn\u00fcn\u0259 ged\u0259n yolun da m\u0259hz ekologiya il\u0259 ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yax\u015f\u0131 xat\u0131rlay\u0131r\u0131q. \u00c7\u00fcnki Qaraba\u011f m\u00fcharib\u0259si, 1988-ci ild\u0259 Topxana me\u015f\u0259si il\u0259 ba\u015flayan nifaq oca\u011f\u0131 2022-ci ilin 12 dekabr soyuq q\u0131\u015f g\u00fcnl\u0259rind\u0259 Xank\u0259ndi yoluna x\u00fcsusi t\u0259yinatla \u00e7\u0131xan dinc ekoaksiya\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n s\u00fclh oca\u011f\u0131 il\u0259 yekun m\u0259rh\u0259l\u0259sin\u0259 \u00e7atd\u0131. Bu, t\u0259kc\u0259 r\u0259mzi v\u0259 simvolik hadis\u0259 deyil, ana t\u0259bi\u0259tin d\u0259 ilahi \u0259dal\u0259ti idi. B\u0259rpa olunan b\u00fct\u00f6vl\u00fck h\u0259m d\u0259 m\u00fcq\u0259dd\u0259s torpaqlar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n, onun \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259ki canl\u0131 al\u0259min, atmosferin d\u0259 azadl\u011f\u0131 idi. \u018frazil\u0259rimizin i\u015f\u011faldan azad olunmas\u0131 B\u0259rd\u0259d\u0259n A\u011fdama, Goranboydan K\u0259lb\u0259c\u0259r\u0259, T\u0259rt\u0259rd\u0259n Xank\u0259ndi v\u0259 \u015eu\u015fayad\u0259k t\u0259kc\u0259 yollar\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131, \u00e7aylar\u0131n v\u0259 su h\u00f6vz\u0259l\u0259rinin qovu\u015fmas\u0131 deyil, el\u0259c\u0259 d\u0259 hava ax\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n, ya\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131n, k\u00fcl\u0259yin v\u0259 g\u00fcn\u0259\u015fin b\u00fct\u00fcn \u0259razi boyunca tam d\u00f6vr etm\u0259sin\u0259 s\u0259b\u0259b olub.<\/p>\n Ona g\u00f6r\u0259 d\u0259 \u00f6lk\u0259 r\u0259hb\u0259rinin \u201cYeni D\u00f6vr\u00fc\u201d ilk n\u00f6vb\u0259d\u0259 \u201cYa\u015f\u0131l Az\u0259rbaycana\u201d ke\u00e7id dem\u0259kdir. \u018fg\u0259r Ulu \u00f6nd\u0259r Heyd\u0259r \u018fliyev 1994-c\u00fc ild\u0259 \u201c\u018fsrin neft m\u00fcqavil\u0259si\u201dni imzalad\u0131sa, \u0130lham \u018fliyev yeni y\u00fcz ilin \u201cYa\u015f\u0131l enerji kontraktlar\u0131\u201dn\u0131 h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irir. \u018fg\u0259r biz \u201cYa\u015f\u0131l enerji\u201dni qazana bils\u0259k, d\u0259nizd\u0259 hasilat\u0131n azalmas\u0131ndan h\u0259y\u0259can ke\u00e7irm\u0259y\u0259c\u0259yik, X\u0259z\u0259ri d\u00fcnya il\u0259 birl\u0259\u015fdir\u0259n k\u0259m\u0259rl\u0259ri alternativ enerji il\u0259 t\u0259chiz ed\u0259 bil\u0259c\u0259yik. \u0130ndi yaln\u0131z neft-qaz m\u00fcqavil\u0259l\u0259ri \u00f6lk\u0259mizin iqtisadi-siyasi t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259sizliyinin qarant\u0131d\u0131rsa, \u201cYa\u015f\u0131l enerji\u201d d\u0259hlizini qura bils\u0259k, 2030-cu il\u0259d\u0259k \u201cya\u015f\u0131l art\u0131m\u201da nail olsaq, o zaman Z\u0259ng\u0259zur d\u0259hlizi il\u0259 ya\u015f\u0131l enerji ixrac k\u0259m\u0259rl\u0259rinin \u00e7\u0259kilm\u0259si m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olacaq. Tam real bir perspektivd\u0259 Orta D\u0259hliz strategiyas\u0131 \u00f6z h\u0259llini tapacaq.<\/p>\n Ya\u015f\u0131l eraya ke\u00e7idin i\u015f\u011faldan azad olunan \u0259razil\u0259rd\u0259 h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irilm\u0259si x\u00fcsusil\u0259 tarixi hadis\u0259dir. Azad edil\u0259n b\u00f6lg\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 g\u00fcn\u0259\u015f enerjisi layih\u0259l\u0259ri \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn Z\u0259ngilan, C\u0259bray\u0131l, Qubadl\u0131 v\u0259 F\u00fczulinin beyn\u0259lxalq \u015firk\u0259tl\u0259r t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n qiym\u0259tl\u0259ndirilm\u0259si apar\u0131l\u0131b v\u0259 b\u00f6y\u00fck potensial t\u0259sdiql\u0259nib. La\u00e7\u0131n rayonunda \u00fcmumi g\u00fcc\u00fc 40 meqavatdan art\u0131q olan daha 5 su elektrik stansiyas\u0131n\u0131n tikintisi davam edir. \u201cA\u011fbulaq\u201d SES-d\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259r tamamil\u0259 yekunla\u015f\u0131b. \u201c2024-Ya\u015f\u0131l D\u00fcnya \u0130li\u201d \u00e7\u0259r\u00e7iv\u0259sind\u0259 bu 5 su elektrik stansiyas\u0131n\u0131n da istismara verilm\u0259si planla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n M\u00fcqayis\u0259 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn B\u00f6y\u00fck Britaniyan\u0131n enerji faizl\u0259rin\u0259 diqq\u0259t yetir\u0259k: 2024-c\u00fc ild\u0259 bu r\u0259q\u0259m 39,5% t\u0259\u015fkil edib ki, onun da 29,0%-ni k\u00fcl\u0259k, 4,5%-ni g\u00fcn\u0259\u015f enerjisi t\u0259\u015fkil edir.<\/p>\n Almaniyada is\u0259 son iki ild\u0259 m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n azalma templ\u0259rin\u0259 baxmayaraq, alternativ enerji m\u0259nb\u0259l\u0259rinin \u00fcmumi enerji balans\u0131nda pay\u0131 42.3% t\u0259\u015fkil edib.<\/p>\n 2023-c\u00fc il aprelin 25-d\u0259 Bolqar\u0131stana s\u0259f\u0259ri zaman\u0131 bir daha Q\u0259rbl\u0259 enerji \u0259m\u0259kda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131na x\u00fcsusi yer ay\u0131ran Prezident demi\u015fdir: \u201cAz\u0259rbaycan\u0131n \u201cya\u015f\u0131l enerji\u201d ixrac\u0131n\u0131n \u0259sas istiqam\u0259ti Avropad\u0131r. Alternativ enerji sah\u0259sind\u0259 apar\u0131c\u0131 beyn\u0259lxalq \u015firk\u0259tl\u0259r 25 geqavatdan \u00e7ox alternativ enerji istehsal\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn Az\u0259rbaycanla m\u00fcqavil\u0259l\u0259r v\u0259 anla\u015fma memorandumlar\u0131 imzalay\u0131b\u201d.<\/p>\n COP-29 konfrans\u0131n\u0131n Az\u0259rbaycanda ke\u00e7irilm\u0259sini b\u00fct\u00fcn d\u00fcnya \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rinin d\u0259st\u0259kl\u0259m\u0259sin\u0259 i\u015f\u011fal d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259 yerl\u0259-yeksan edil\u0259n t\u0259bi\u0259t, qanunsuz talan edil\u0259n resurslar, t\u0259bi\u0259t abid\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcnm\u0259mi\u015f vandalizm aktlar\u0131, ekosid cinay\u0259tl\u0259rinin d\u00fcnya t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n etiraf\u0131 kimi d\u0259 yana\u015fa bil\u0259rik.<\/p>\n BMT Ba\u015f Assambleyas\u0131 2022-ci ild\u0259 tarixi q\u0259tnam\u0259 q\u0259bul ed\u0259r\u0259k \u201cT\u0259miz v\u0259 sa\u011flam \u0259traf m\u00fchit t\u0259minat\u0131n\u0131 Universal \u0130nsan H\u00fcququ\u201d elan edib. Bel\u0259likl\u0259, 161 \u00f6lk\u0259nin d\u0259st\u0259yi il\u0259 ekoloji insan h\u00fcquqlar\u0131 yeni n\u0259sil insan h\u00fcquqlar\u0131 ail\u0259sin\u0259 daxil edilib. Bu \u0259lam\u0259tdar hadis\u0259 n\u00fcmayi\u015f etdirir ki, \u00fczv d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259r \u00fc\u00e7qat ekoloji b\u00f6hran: 1.iqlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyi, 2.biom\u00fcxt\u0259lifliyin yox olmas\u0131 v\u0259 3.\u0259traf m\u00fchitin \u00e7irkl\u0259nm\u0259si il\u0259 m\u00fcbariz\u0259 aparmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn ortaq qanuni \u0259sasa malikdirl\u0259r. V\u0259t\u0259nda\u015flar\u0131n sa\u011flaml\u0131\u011f\u0131na v\u0259 h\u0259yat keyfiyy\u0259tin\u0259 t\u0259sir ed\u0259n \u0259traf m\u00fchitin v\u0259ziyy\u0259ti d\u00f6vl\u0259tin prioritetl\u0259ri s\u0131ras\u0131ndad\u0131r. Biz t\u0259bii ehtiyatlardan rasional istifad\u0259 etm\u0259li, \u0259traf m\u00fchiti qorumal\u0131, \u0259traf m\u00fchitin m\u00fchafiz\u0259si \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn yeni mexanizml\u0259r t\u0259tbiq etm\u0259li, t\u0259miz texnologiyalar\u0131 inki\u015faf etdirm\u0259liyik. C\u0259miyy\u0259td\u0259 ekoloji m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259tin s\u0259viyy\u0259sinin y\u00fcks\u0259ldilm\u0259sin\u0259, \u0259traf m\u00fchit\u0259 at\u0131lan tullant\u0131lar\u0131n azald\u0131lmas\u0131na, biom\u00fcxt\u0259lifliyin qorunmas\u0131na nail olmal\u0131y\u0131q.<\/p>\n T\u0259hsilin b\u00fct\u00fcn pill\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 \u2013 u\u015faq ba\u011f\u00e7alar\u0131ndan universitetl\u0259r\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r ekoloji m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259tin formala\u015fmas\u0131, ekoloji t\u0259hsilin keyfiyy\u0259tinin y\u00fcks\u0259ldilm\u0259si \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmal\u0131y\u0131q. S\u0259naye m\u00fc\u0259ssis\u0259l\u0259rimiz\u0259 ekoloji n\u0259zar\u0259tin g\u00fccl\u0259ndirilm\u0259si, z\u0259r\u0259rli tullant\u0131lar\u0131n azald\u0131lmas\u0131, me\u015f\u0259 sah\u0259l\u0259rinin geni\u015fl\u0259ndirilm\u0259si, su ehtiyatlar\u0131n\u0131n s\u0259m\u0259r\u0259li istifad\u0259si, m\u00fchafiz\u0259si v\u0259 t\u0259mizl\u0259nm\u0259sin\u0259 y\u00f6n\u0259lmi\u015f yeni \u201cSu M\u0259c\u0259ll\u0259si\u201dnin q\u0259bulu g\u00fcnd\u0259likd\u0259dir. Q\u0131sa ifad\u0259 edils\u0259, Az\u0259rbaycan ekologiyas\u0131n\u0131n qorunmas\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u0259n vacib m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259n biri m\u0259hz ekoloji \u015f\u00fcurun, t\u0259bi\u0259ti sev\u0259n d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnc\u0259 ekosisteminin formala\u015fmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u0130ST\u0130FAD\u018f ED\u0130LM\u0130\u015e \u018fD\u018fB\u0130YYAT<\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n Az\u0259rbaycan dilind\u0259:<\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u0130ngilis dilind\u0259:<\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n Rus dilind\u0259:<\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n Zahid Oruj, <\/strong><\/p>\n Chairman of the Board, Social Research Center<\/strong><\/p>\n \u00a0<\/strong>COP29 AZERBA\u0130JAN: H\u0130STOR\u0130C TURN\u0130NG PO\u0130NT \u0130N GREEN TRANS\u0130T\u0130ON <\/strong><\/p>\n STRATEGY TO ENSURE REG\u0130ONAL AND GLOBAL CL\u0130MATE SECUR\u0130TY<\/strong><\/p>\n \u00a0<\/strong>Abstract<\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n The article examines the topic \u201cCOP29 Azerbaijan: Historic Turning Point in the Green Transition Strategy to Ensure Regional and Global Climate Security\u201d. The author analyzes the issue of climate security for the first time in the context of climate research in Azerbaijan at the 29th session of the Conference of the Parties to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (COP29). He highlights that this issue has become a central focus of climate diplomacy at COP conferences.<\/p>\n Climate change and environmental degradation present a real threat to both individual countries and the global community. To address these challenges, he defines a new development strategy \u2013 the green transition.<\/p>\n The article emphasizes that Azerbaijan is one of the countries with significant potential for renewable energy sources and actively involved in the fight against climate change. At COP29, Azerbaijan presented its initiatives to the global community regarding the transition to green energy. One of the key research tasks following COP20 is to explore the multifaceted aspects of climate issues, examine them within the fields of science and education, and introduce new terms into the scientific lexicon. Climate security is one such strategic concept, newly introduced and of great importance.<\/p>\n Key words: <\/strong>COP29, Azerbaijan, green transition, climate security, strategy, climate risks, climate diplomacy, Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs), global energy security.<\/p>\n \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n \u0417\u0430\u0445\u0438\u0434 O\u0440\u0443\u0434\u0436,<\/strong><\/p>\n \u041f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0426\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0439<\/strong><\/p>\n \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n COP29 \u0412 \u0410\u0417\u0415\u0420\u0411\u0410\u0419\u0414\u0416\u0410\u041d\u0415: \u0418\u0421\u0422\u041e\u0420\u0418\u0427\u0415\u0421\u041a\u0418\u0419 \u041f\u041e\u0412\u041e\u0420\u041e\u0422 \u0412 \u0421\u0422\u0420\u0410\u0422\u0415\u0413\u0418\u0418\u00a0<\/strong>\u0417\u0415\u041b\u0415\u041d\u041e\u0413\u041e \u041f\u0415\u0420\u0415\u0425\u041e\u0414\u0410 \u0414\u041b\u042f \u041e\u0411\u0415\u0421\u041f\u0415\u0427\u0415\u041d\u0418\u042f \u0420\u0415\u0413\u0418\u041e\u041d\u0410\u041b\u042c\u041d\u041e\u0419 \u0418 <\/strong><\/p>\n \u0413\u041b\u041e\u0411\u0410\u041b\u042c\u041d\u041e\u0419 \u041a\u041b\u0418\u041c\u0410\u0422\u0418\u0427\u0415\u0421\u041a\u041e\u0419 \u0411\u0415\u0417\u041e\u041f\u0410\u0421\u041d\u041e\u0421\u0422\u0418<\/strong><\/p>\n \u00a0<\/strong>\u0420\u0435\u0437\u044e\u043c\u0435<\/strong><\/p>\n \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n \u0412 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u00abCOP29 \u0432 \u0410\u0437\u0435\u0440\u0431\u0430\u0439\u0434\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0435: \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0442 \u0432 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0433\u0438\u0438 \u0437\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0438 \u0433\u043b\u043e\u0431\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u043b\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u00bb. \u0410\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u0432\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u043d\u044f\u0442\u0438\u0435 \u00ab\u043a\u043b\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u00bb \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u0435 \u043a\u043b\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0432 \u0410\u0437\u0435\u0440\u0431\u0430\u0439\u0434\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430 29-\u0439 \u0441\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0438 \u041a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0421\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d \u0420\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u041e\u041e\u041d \u043e\u0431 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043a\u043b\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0430 (COP29). \u0410\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u043e\u0442\u043c\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0435 \u0432\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043a\u043b\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u0438\u043f\u043b\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0438\u044f\u0445 COP. \u0418\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u043b\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0438 \u0434\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043e\u043a\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u044b \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0439 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0443\u0433\u0440\u043e\u0437\u0443 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d \u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0438\u0440\u0430. \u0414\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u044d\u0442\u0438\u0445 \u0432\u044b\u0437\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0432 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0443\u044e \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0433\u0438\u044e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438\u044f – \u0437\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0445\u043e\u0434. \u0412 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0447\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0410\u0437\u0435\u0440\u0431\u0430\u0439\u0434\u0436\u0430\u043d \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u0437 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d \u0441 \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u0438\u043c \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u043e\u043c \u0432 \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u044d\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0432 \u0431\u043e\u0440\u044c\u0431\u0435 \u0441 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u043a\u043b\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0430. \u041d\u0430 COP29 \u0410\u0437\u0435\u0440\u0431\u0430\u0439\u0434\u0436\u0430\u043d \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b \u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0438 \u0438\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u044b \u043f\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u043d\u0430 \u00ab\u0437\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0443\u044e\u00bb \u044d\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0435\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0443.<\/p>\n \u041e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u0437 \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u0435\u0439\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0443\u044e \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0438\u0442 \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043a\u043b\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 COP29, \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0438\u0437\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0430\u0441\u043f\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u043a\u043b\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u044b, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0435\u0435 \u043e\u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u0441\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0443\u043a\u0438 \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f. \u042d\u0442\u043e \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u043d\u0435\u0441\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0432 \u0432 \u043d\u0430\u0443\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043d. \u041a\u043e\u043d\u0446\u0435\u043f\u0446\u0438\u044f \u00ab\u043a\u043b\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u00bb \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0438 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043d\u044f\u0442\u0438\u0435.<\/p>\n \u041a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430:<\/strong> COP29, \u0410\u0437\u0435\u0440\u0431\u0430\u0439\u0434\u0436\u0430\u043d, \u00ab\u0437\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u044b\u0439\u00bb \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0445\u043e\u0434, \u043a\u043b\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c, \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0433\u0438\u044f, \u043a\u043b\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0440\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0438, \u043a\u043b\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0434\u0438\u043f\u043b\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u044f, \u041d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0435 \u0432\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u044b (NDC), \u0433\u043b\u043e\u0431\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u044d\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c<\/p>\n\n
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