{"id":614,"date":"2022-10-27T10:37:13","date_gmt":"2022-10-27T06:37:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/socialresearchjournal.az\/?p=614"},"modified":"2022-12-09T00:37:15","modified_gmt":"2022-12-08T20:37:15","slug":"urbanizasiya","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/socialresearchjournal.az\/index.php\/2022\/10\/27\/urbanizasiya\/","title":{"rendered":"AZ\u018fRBAYCANDA URBAN\u0130ZAS\u0130YA V\u018f DAX\u0130L\u0130 M\u0130QRAS\u0130YA PROSES\u0130N\u0130N K\u018fS\u0130\u015eM\u018fS\u0130N\u0130N SOS\u0130AL V\u018f DEMOQRAF\u0130K M\u018fNZ\u018fR\u018fS\u0130"},"content":{"rendered":"

Elnar\u0259 Q\u018fR\u0130BOVA
\n<\/strong>Sosial T\u0259dqiqatlar M\u0259rk\u0259zinin ba\u015f m\u0259sl\u0259h\u0259t\u00e7isi
\n<\/em><\/strong>Bak\u0131, Az\u0259rbaycan
\n<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0<\/em>E-mail: elnara.garibova@gmail.com<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

X\u00fclas\u0259. <\/strong>Miqrasiya b\u0259\u015f\u0259r tarixind\u0259 ba\u015f ver\u0259n, olduqca vacib sosial n\u0259tic\u0259 v\u0259 d\u0259yi\u015fiklikl\u0259ri \u015f\u0259rtl\u0259ndir\u0259n prosesl\u0259rd\u0259ndir. \u0130nsanlar m\u00fcxt\u0259lif s\u0259b\u0259bl\u0259rd\u0259n ya\u015fad\u0131qlar\u0131 yerl\u0259rd\u0259n k\u00f6\u00e7 etm\u0259k m\u0259cburiyy\u0259tind\u0259 qal\u0131rlar. X\u00fcsusil\u0259d\u0259 son iki \u0259srd\u0259 elmi-texniki inqilab v\u0259 qloballa\u015fma prosesl\u0259rinin s\u00fcr\u0259tli inki\u015faf\u0131 miqrasiyan\u0131n tempin\u0259 v\u0259 s\u0259viyy\u0259sin\u0259 birba\u015fa v\u0259 ya dolay\u0131 yolla b\u00f6y\u00fck t\u0259sir g\u00f6st\u0259rmi\u015fdir. Miqrasiya m\u00fcr\u0259kk\u0259b mahiyy\u0259tli bir hadis\u0259dir. B\u00f6y\u00fck \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259rin formala\u015fmas\u0131, urbanizasiya n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 meqapolisl\u0259rin yaranmas\u0131 bu prosesi daha da m\u00fcr\u0259kk\u0259bl\u0259\u015fdirir. Miqrasiya \u00e7ox\u015fax\u0259li sosial-iqtisadi, ekoloji, geosiyasi v\u0259 etnosiyasi aspektl\u0259rd\u0259 yeni probleml\u0259rin ortaya \u00e7\u0131xmas\u0131n\u0131 \u015f\u0259rtl\u0259ndirir. Bir \u00e7ox hallarda \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259r\u0259 istiqam\u0259tl\u0259n\u0259n, k\u00fctl\u0259vi ax\u0131n \u015f\u0259klini alan k\u00f6\u00e7\/miqrasiya prosesl\u0259ri \u015f\u0259h\u0259rin \u0259traf m\u00fchitini, t\u0259bii land\u015faft\u0131n\u0131 k\u00f6k\u00fcnd\u0259n d\u0259yi\u015fdirir, \u0259n\u0259n\u0259vi ah\u0259ngi pozur. M\u00fcasir qloballa\u015fan d\u00fcnyada Az\u0259rbaycanda miqrasiyan\u0131n yaranma meyill\u0259rinin t\u0259dqiqin\u0259, respublikada iqtisadi v\u0259 qeyri-b\u0259rab\u0259r miqrasiyan\u0131n qar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ql\u0131 \u0259laq\u0259l\u0259rinin m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n edilm\u0259sin\u0259, onun \u00f6lk\u0259nin sosial-iqtisadi inki\u015faf\u0131na v\u0259 demoqrafik v\u0259ziyy\u0259tin\u0259 t\u0259sirinin qiym\u0259tl\u0259ndirilm\u0259sin\u0259 \u00e7ox ciddi t\u0259l\u0259bat yaranm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r.<\/p>\n

M\u0259qal\u0259d\u0259 qeyd olunan b\u00fct\u00fcn bu m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259r \u0259trafl\u0131 \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 ara\u015fd\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

A\u00e7ar s\u00f6zl\u0259r:<\/strong> Az\u0259rbaycan, miqrasiya, sosial, urbanizasiya, aqlomerasiya, demoqrafik<\/p>\n

G\u0130R\u0130\u015e<\/strong><\/p>\n

1980-ci ill\u0259rin sonlar\u0131nda v\u0259 90-c\u0131 ill\u0259rin \u0259vv\u0259ll\u0259rind\u0259 ba\u015f ver\u0259n geosiyasi m\u00fcnaqi\u015f\u0259l\u0259r n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 yaranan, humanitar f\u0259lak\u0259t h\u0259ddin\u0259 \u00e7atan qlobal miqrasiya ax\u0131nlar\u0131 h\u0259m regionda, h\u0259m d\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycanda sosial-iqtisadi, siyasi, m\u0259d\u0259ni v\u0259 s. kimi istiqam\u0259tl\u0259rd\u0259 k\u00f6kl\u00fc d\u0259yi\u015fiklikl\u0259r\u0259 t\u0259kan verdi.<\/p>\n

H\u0259min d\u00f6vrd\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycanda Erm\u0259nistan\u0131n i\u015f\u011fal\u00e7\u0131l\u0131q v\u0259 etnik t\u0259mizl\u0259m\u0259 siyas\u0259ti n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 tarixi torpaqlar\u0131m\u0131zdan qovulan bir milyon \u0259halinin qa\u00e7q\u0131n v\u0259 m\u0259cburi k\u00f6\u00e7k\u00fcn d\u00fc\u015fm\u0259si \u00f6lk\u0259daxili zorak\u0131 miqrasiya prosesl\u0259rinin ba\u015flan\u011f\u0131c\u0131 oldu. Yenid\u0259n m\u00fcst\u0259qilliyin\u0259 qovu\u015fan Az\u0259rbaycanda o vaxta q\u0259d\u0259r he\u00e7 bir struktura v\u0259 t\u0259sisatlara malik olmayan miqrasiya xidm\u0259tinin yoxlu\u011fu v\u0259ziyy\u0259tind\u0259 miqrasiya siyas\u0259tinin h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irilm\u0259si n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 qa\u00e7q\u0131n v\u0259 k\u00f6\u00e7k\u00fcn ax\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fcv\u0259qq\u0259ti yerl\u0259\u015fdirilm\u0259sin\u0259 nail olundu.<\/p>\n

\u00a0Miqrasiya prosesi \u0259halinin yaln\u0131z bir rayondan ba\u015fqa rayona, \u015f\u0259h\u0259r\u0259 v\u0259 ya \u00f6lk\u0259y\u0259 h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259ti kimi qiym\u0259tl\u0259ndiril\u0259 bilm\u0259z. S\u00f6z\u00fcged\u0259n proses t\u0259s\u0259rr\u00fcfat\u0131n, ictimai h\u0259yat\u0131n, co\u011frafi \u015f\u0259raitin v\u0259 bununla \u0259laq\u0259dar ya\u015fay\u0131\u015f m\u0259nt\u0259q\u0259l\u0259rinin funksional inki\u015faf\u0131, el\u0259c\u0259 d\u0259 \u0259halinin m\u0259skunla\u015fmas\u0131 kimi \u00e7ox\u015fax\u0259li probleml\u0259rl\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. \u00d6lk\u0259 daxilind\u0259 \u0259halinin do\u011fuldu\u011fu yer il\u0259 son ya\u015fay\u0131\u015f yerl\u0259ri aras\u0131ndak\u0131 f\u0259rq bu \u0259halinin regional daxili miqrasiyas\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6st\u0259rir. Daxili miqrasiyada \u0259hali k\u0259ndl\u0259rd\u0259n daha iri ya\u015fay\u0131\u015f m\u0259nt\u0259q\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 do\u011fru k\u00f6\u00e7 edir.<\/p>\n

\u00dcmumi olaraq, sosial sisteml\u0259rd\u0259 t\u0259bii uy\u011funla\u015fma prosesi kimi k\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc miqrasiyan\u0131n m\u00fcsb\u0259t c\u0259h\u0259tl\u0259ri qeyd edilm\u0259lidir. Bu hallarda istehsal\u0131n m\u0259hsuldarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 daha da art\u0131r v\u0259 \u0259m\u0259k qabiliyy\u0259tinin m\u0259kanlar \u00fczr\u0259 paylanmas\u0131 yenid\u0259n t\u0259\u015fkil edilir. Bununla da sosial struktur v\u0259 qurumlar aras\u0131nda nisbi balans t\u0259min edilir. Ancaq bu proses b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259r v\u0259 \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259r \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn m\u00fctl\u0259q olaraq eyni m\u00fcsb\u0259t n\u0259tic\u0259ni vermir. Keyfiyy\u0259tli bir \u015f\u0259h\u0259r h\u0259yat\u0131n\u0131n m\u00f6vcud olmas\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn urbanizasiya prosesi t\u0259bii\/k\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc, obyektiv \u0259sasl\u0131 olmal\u0131d\u0131r, bu \u00e7\u0259r\u00e7iv\u0259d\u0259 \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259\u015fm\u0259 v\u0259 \u015f\u0259h\u0259r inteqrasiyas\u0131 n\u0259z\u0259r\u0259 al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u0130qtisadi inki\u015fafla miqrasiya aras\u0131nda s\u0131x ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131q var. D\u00fcnyada s\u0259nayel\u0259\u015fm\u0259 geni\u015f v\u00fcs\u0259t ald\u0131qca daxili miqrasiya v\u0259 \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259\u015fm\u0259 (urbanizasiya) prosesini d\u0259 s\u00fcr\u0259tl\u0259ndirmi\u015fdir. UNESCO-nun 2019-cu ild\u0259 haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201cMiqrasiya, yerd\u0259yi\u015fm\u0259 v\u0259 t\u0259hsil\u201d adl\u0131 t\u0259dqiqat\u0131nda 61 \u00f6lk\u0259nin m\u00fcqayis\u0259li g\u00f6st\u0259ricil\u0259rin\u0259 \u0259sas\u0259n, d\u00fcnya \u0259halisinin 20%-nin 5 il ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u0259vv\u0259lki yeri d\u0259yi\u015fdiyi qeyd edilmi\u015fdir. Hesabata g\u00f6r\u0259, k\u0259ndl\u0259rd\u0259n \u015f\u0259h\u0259r\u0259 do\u011fru daxili miqrasiyan\u0131n \u0259n y\u00fcks\u0259k tempi a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 v\u0259 ortag\u0259lirli \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 ba\u015f verir. 53 \u00f6lk\u0259nin g\u00f6st\u0259ricil\u0259rinin t\u0259hlilin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259, insanlar aras\u0131nda ya\u015fad\u0131qlar\u0131 yeri t\u0259rk edib ba\u015fqa yer\u0259 k\u00f6\u00e7\u0259rk\u0259n \u0259n \u00e7ox m\u00fc\u015fahid\u0259 edil\u0259n orta ya\u015f h\u0259ddi 23-d\u00fcr [11].<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Az\u0259rbaycanda daxili <\/strong>miqrasiya prosesinin xarakteri <\/strong>v\u0259 motivl\u0259ri<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Az\u0259rbaycanda miqrasiya prosesinin sosial aspektl\u0259rini, miqrasiyaya t\u0259kan ver\u0259n amill\u0259ri a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dak\u0131 bir ne\u00e7\u0259 istiqam\u0259td\u0259 qrupla\u015fd\u0131rmaq olar: <\/strong><\/p>\n

      \n
    • Rayon v\u0259 k\u0259nd yerl\u0259rind\u0259 sosial-siyasi amill\u0259r: Buraya m\u0259\u015f\u011fulluq v\u0259 sahibkarl\u0131q imkanlar\u0131n\u0131n differensial olmamas\u0131, c\u0259miyy\u0259tin t\u0259zyiqi v\u0259 t\u0259siri, davaml\u0131 t\u0259hsil v\u0259 ixtisasla\u015fma imkanlar\u0131n\u0131n z\u0259if olmas\u0131, siyasi m\u00fczakir\u0259l\u0259rin z\u0259if inki\u015faf\u0131, \u0259kin sah\u0259l\u0259rinin \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131 v\u0259 ya m\u0259hsuldarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 olmas\u0131, h\u0259rbi \u0259m\u0259liyyatlar, t\u0259bii f\u0259lak\u0259tl\u0259r v\u0259 s. amill\u0259r daxildir. <\/em><\/li>\n
    • \u015e\u0259h\u0259rin c\u0259lbedici amill\u0259ri: Buraya \u0259vv\u0259l k\u00f6\u00e7m\u00fc\u015f qohumlara qovu\u015fma v\u0259 ya z\u0259ncirvari miqrasiya, k\u0259nd v\u0259 \u015f\u0259h\u0259rin g\u0259lirl\u0259ri, t\u0259hsil v\u0259 s\u0259hiyy\u0259 xidm\u0259tl\u0259ri aras\u0131ndak\u0131 f\u0259rq, b\u00f6y\u00fck \u015f\u0259h\u0259rin\/meqapolisin c\u0259lbediciliyi, n\u0259qliyyat v\u0259 kommunikasiya vasit\u0259l\u0259rinin rahatl\u0131\u011f\u0131, m\u0259\u015f\u011fulluq imkanlar\u0131, evlilik, daha y\u00fcks\u0259k h\u0259yat s\u0259viyy\u0259si, \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259rd\u0259ki sosial v\u0259 m\u0259d\u0259ni imkanlar v\u0259 s. m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259r daxildir.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      Haz\u0131rda \u0259halinin daxili miqrasiyas\u0131 \u00f6lk\u0259nin inki\u015faf\u0131nda \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tli rol oynamaqla, b\u00fct\u00f6vl\u00fckd\u0259 demoqrafik prosesl\u0259r\u0259 ciddi t\u0259sir g\u00f6st\u0259rir. \u0130nsan resurslar\u0131n\u0131n d\u00f6vl\u0259tin sosial-iqtisadi inki\u015faf\u0131nda \u0259sas h\u0259lledici m\u0259nb\u0259 olmas\u0131 miqrasiya prosesl\u0259rinin \u00f6yr\u0259nilm\u0259si z\u0259ruriliyini art\u0131r\u0131r.<\/p>\n

      Qeyd etm\u0259k laz\u0131md\u0131r ki, miqrasiya prosesinin, x\u00fcsusil\u0259 daxili miqrasiyan\u0131n t\u0259dqiq edilm\u0259sin\u0259 dair \u00fcmumi q\u0259bul edilmi\u015f vahid metodoloji \u00fcsul yoxdur. Burada m\u00fcxt\u0259lif metodlardan – beyn\u0259lxalq t\u0259cr\u00fcb\u0259d\u0259 metodologiyan\u0131n haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131nda insanlar\u0131n h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259tliliyi, ev t\u0259s\u0259rr\u00fcfatlar\u0131, kommunal xidm\u0259tl\u0259r\u0259 dair g\u00f6st\u0259ricil\u0259r (i\u015f\u0131q, qaz, su abonentl\u0259ri v\u0259 s.), n\u0259qliyyat vasit\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 istifad\u0259 olunan talonlar v\u0259 s.-d\u0259n istifad\u0259 olunur. B\u00f6y\u00fck Britaniyan\u0131n Milli Statistika \u0130dar\u0259si daxili miqrasiyan\u0131n t\u0259hlilind\u0259 Ali T\u0259hsil\u0259 dair Statistika Agentliyinin (Higher Education Statistics Agency) v\u0259 Milli S\u0259hiyy\u0259 Xidm\u0259tinin M\u0259rk\u0259zi Qeydiyyat\u0131n\u0131n (National Health Service Central Register) g\u00f6st\u0259ricil\u0259rind\u0259n istifad\u0259 edir. \u0130nsanlar tibbi s\u0131\u011fortaya g\u00f6r\u0259 h\u0259r il ya\u015fad\u0131qlar\u0131 yerd\u0259 qeydiyyatdan ke\u00e7dikl\u0259rin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 bu m\u0259rk\u0259zl\u0259rd\u0259 davaml\u0131 olaraq b\u00f6y\u00fck m\u0259lumat bazas\u0131 toplan\u0131r [22].<\/p>\n

      \u00dcmumiyy\u0259tl\u0259, miqrasiya prosesl\u0259ri m\u00fcr\u0259kk\u0259b olmaqla, n\u00f6vl\u0259rin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 bir-birind\u0259n f\u0259rql\u0259nir. Bu f\u0259rql\u0259r\u0259 uy\u011fun statistik bazan\u0131 toplamaq v\u0259 t\u0259hlil etm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn vahid metodlardan istifad\u0259 etm\u0259k \u00e7\u0259tindir. Bu bax\u0131mdan h\u0259r bir \u00f6lk\u0259 v\u0259 ya t\u0259\u015fkilat – ist\u0259r lokal olsun, ist\u0259rs\u0259 d\u0259 regional – miqrasiya motivl\u0259rini m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259nl\u0259\u015fdirdikd\u0259n sonra ona uy\u011fun metodologiyan\u0131 haz\u0131rlay\u0131r. Az\u0259rbaycanda daxili miqrasiyan\u0131n d\u0259rin t\u0259hlili y\u00f6n\u00fcnd\u0259 \u0259hat\u0259li t\u0259dqiqatlar olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn istifad\u0259 edil\u0259 bil\u0259c\u0259k m\u0259nb\u0259l\u0259r, yaxud m\u0259lumat bazas\u0131 il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 \u00e7\u0259tinlikl\u0259r m\u00f6vcuddur. M\u00f6vzunun t\u0259dqiqi zaman\u0131 qar\u015f\u0131ya \u00e7\u0131xan \u0259sas probleml\u0259r – insanlar\u0131n do\u011fum yeri, ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 yer, m\u00fclkiyy\u0259t\u00e7i kimi da\u015f\u0131nmaz \u0259mlak\u0131, faktiki ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fcnvanlar, k\u00f6\u00e7 etdiyi m\u00fcdd\u0259t bar\u0259d\u0259 m\u0259lumatlar\u0131n tam v\u0259 s\u0259hih olmamas\u0131 v\u0259 s. m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259r t\u0259hlilin apar\u0131lmas\u0131nda m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n \u00e7\u0259tinlikl\u0259r yarad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

      Daxili miqrasiya prosesi dedikd\u0259, insanlar\u0131n eyni \u00f6lk\u0259nin h\u00fcdudlar\u0131 daxilind\u0259 bir \u0259razid\u0259n dig\u0259r \u0259raziy\u0259 k\u00f6\u00e7m\u0259si ba\u015fa d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcl\u00fcr. Bu miqrasiyan\u0131n k\u0259nd (k\u0259nd-\u015f\u0259h\u0259r), \u015f\u0259h\u0259r (\u015f\u0259h\u0259r-k\u0259nd), \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259raras\u0131 (\u015f\u0259h\u0259r-\u015f\u0259h\u0259r) v\u0259 k\u0259ndl\u0259raras\u0131 (k\u0259nd-k\u0259nd) istiqam\u0259tl\u0259rini f\u0259rql\u0259ndirirl\u0259r. Miqrasiya prosesi sosial-iqtisadi h\u0259yat\u0131n \u0259sas x\u00fcsusiyy\u0259tl\u0259rini \u00f6z\u00fcnd\u0259 \u0259ks etdirir. D\u00fcnyada elmi-texniki t\u0259r\u0259qqi, t\u0259s\u0259rr\u00fcfat sisteminin inki\u015faf\u0131 miqrasiya prosesinin xarakterinin d\u0259yi\u015film\u0259sin\u0259 t\u0259sir ed\u0259n amill\u0259rin artmas\u0131na g\u0259tirib \u00e7\u0131xar\u0131r. M\u0259hz bu bax\u0131mdan m\u00fcasir qloballa\u015fan d\u00fcnyada sosial-iqtisadi prosesl\u0259rin \u0259sas dinamikas\u0131n\u0131 m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n ed\u0259n amill\u0259r kimi \u0259halinin \u201cmiqrasiyas\u0131 v\u0259 mobilliyi\u201d h\u0259r zaman aktual m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259 olmu\u015fdur. K.Marks i\u015f\u00e7il\u0259rin h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259tliliyini, yerd\u0259yi\u015fm\u0259 kimi prosesl\u0259ri \u0259hali mobilliyi kimi qeyd edir. \u00dcmumiyy\u0259tl\u0259, \u0259halinin mobilliyi \u00e7ox geni\u015f v\u0259 \u0259hat\u0259li x\u00fcsusiyy\u0259tl\u0259r\u0259 malik olub, \u0259halinin h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259tliliyi, k\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcr\u00fclm\u0259si v\u0259 yerl\u0259\u015fdirilm\u0259si kimi prosesl\u0259ri \u0259hat\u0259 edir [15, s.10-17; 16, s.524].<\/p>\n

      \u00d6t\u0259n \u0259srin 70-ci ill\u0259rind\u0259 \u201c\u0259hali mobilliyi\u201d termini \u201cyerd\u0259yi\u015fm\u0259\u201d s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn sinonimi kimi q\u0259bul olunurdu. \u018fhalinin miqrasiyas\u0131 kadrlar\u0131n yerd\u0259yi\u015fm\u0259sinin obyektiv prosesidir. O, istehsal q\u00fcvv\u0259l\u0259rinin v\u0259 m\u00fcnasib\u0259tl\u0259rinin inki\u015faf\u0131 il\u0259 ayr\u0131lmaz sur\u0259td\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. \u018fhalinin miqrasiyas\u0131 \u00f6lk\u0259 \u0259razisind\u0259 \u0259m\u0259k ehtiyatlar\u0131n\u0131n optimal \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 yerb\u0259yer edilm\u0259sin\u0259, regionlar\u0131n iqtisadi inki\u015faf s\u0259viyy\u0259l\u0259rinin b\u0259rab\u0259rl\u0259\u015fm\u0259sin\u0259, \u015f\u0259h\u0259r v\u0259 k\u0259nd aras\u0131ndak\u0131 sosial-iqtisadi v\u0259 m\u0259d\u0259ni-m\u0259i\u015f\u0259t f\u0259rql\u0259rinin aradan qald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na v\u0259 s. g\u0259tirib \u00e7\u0131xar\u0131r. Onu da qeyd etm\u0259k laz\u0131md\u0131r ki, y\u00fcks\u0259k ixtisasl\u0131, u\u011furlu karyera qurmaq ist\u0259y\u0259n miqrantlar m\u0259d\u0259ni m\u0259rk\u0259zl\u0259rin yax\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131na, \u00f6z maddi rifah\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rma\u011f\u0131 arzulayanlar is\u0259 i\u015f\u00e7i q\u00fcvv\u0259sini daha \u00e7ox qiym\u0259tl\u0259ndir\u0259n v\u0259 pul qazanmaq imkan\u0131 olan regionlara gedirl\u0259r [13, s. 24-35].<\/p>\n

      Daxili miqrasiyan\u0131 d\u00f6vrilik parametrl\u0259rin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 t\u0259snifl\u0259\u015fdirdikd\u0259 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dak\u0131 kimi qrupla\u015fd\u0131rmaq olar: <\/strong><\/p>\n

        \n
      • Daimi miqrasiya (geri d\u00f6nm\u0259yi n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259 tutulmayan);<\/em><\/li>\n
      • M\u00fcv\u0259qq\u0259ti miqrasiya (qay\u0131d\u0131\u015f\u0131 n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259 tutan, m\u00f6vs\u00fcmi, k\u00f6\u00e7\u0259rilik v\u0259 ziyar\u0259t m\u0259qs\u0259dli); <\/em><\/li>\n
      • Uzunm\u00fcdd\u0259tli miqrasiya (6 aydan \u00e7ox m\u00fcdd\u0259td\u0259 davam ed\u0259n);<\/em><\/li>\n
      • M\u00fct\u0259r\u0259ddid (daimi gedi\u015f-qay\u0131d\u0131\u015f olan) miqrasiya; Buna \u201cr\u0259qqasvari\u201d miqrasiya da deyilir.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        Daxili miqrasiya s\u0259b\u0259bl\u0259rin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 d\u0259 f\u0259rqlidir. Beyn\u0259lxalq tendensiyada miqrasiyan\u0131n s\u0259b\u0259bl\u0259ri sosial-iqtisadi, siyasi v\u0259 h\u0259rbi olmaqla qrupla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. Sosial-iqtisadi s\u0259b\u0259bl\u0259r\u0259 i\u015f, t\u0259hsil, s\u0259hiyy\u0259, m\u0259i\u015f\u0259t m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259ri aid edilir. Siyasi s\u0259b\u0259bl\u0259rd\u0259n ba\u015f ver\u0259n miqrasiya prosesind\u0259 ideoloji rejimd\u0259n qa\u00e7ma v\u0259 uzaqla\u015fma, irqi, dini v\u0259 dig\u0259r s\u0259b\u0259bl\u0259r aiddir. H\u0259rbi s\u0259b\u0259bl\u0259rd\u0259n ba\u015f ver\u0259n miqrasiya prosesl\u0259rin\u0259 evakuasiya, deportasiya v\u0259 s. aid edilir. Bundan \u0259lav\u0259, daxili miqrasiyada \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6st\u0259r\u0259n dig\u0259r bir s\u0259b\u0259b t\u0259bii \u015f\u0259rait, co\u011frafiya v\u0259 t\u0259bii land\u015faft amilidir. Y\u0259ni aran yerl\u0259rind\u0259 kommunikasiyaya \u0259l\u00e7atanl\u0131q da\u011fl\u0131q \u0259razil\u0259rl\u0259 m\u00fcqayis\u0259d\u0259 daha \u00e7evik v\u0259 rahatd\u0131r. Ona g\u00f6r\u0259 d\u0259 s\u0259rt iqlim v\u0259 \u00e7\u0259tin co\u011frafi relyefd\u0259 ya\u015fayan insanlar infrastrukturu \u0259l\u00e7atan olan \u0259razil\u0259r\u0259 k\u00f6\u00e7 edirl\u0259r [17, s.72-101].<\/p>\n

          \n
        1. Miqrasiya \u0259sasl\u0131 urbanizasiya, <\/strong>aqlomerasiya v\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

          Miqrasiya ax\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n tipoloji t\u0259snifat\u0131nda \u201curbanizasiya\u201d anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 da i\u015ftirak edir. Urbanizasiya fransiz dilind\u0259 \u201curbanisation\u201d, lat\u0131n dilind\u0259 is\u0259 \u201curbs\u201d – \u015f\u0259h\u0259r s\u00f6zl\u0259rind\u0259n olub, c\u0259miyy\u0259t h\u0259yat\u0131nda \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259rin rolunun artmas\u0131n\u0131, \u0259halinin h\u0259yat t\u0259rzi, m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259ti v\u0259 demoqrafik t\u0259rkib hiss\u0259sin\u0259 \u00e7ox b\u00f6y\u00fck t\u0259sir g\u00f6st\u0259rm\u0259sini bildir\u0259n prosesdir. Ba\u015fqa s\u00f6zl\u0259, urbanizasiya c\u0259miyy\u0259tin inki\u015faf\u0131nda \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259rin rolunun artmas\u0131, m\u0259skunla\u015fma \u015f\u0259b\u0259k\u0259sind\u0259 funksiyalar\u0131n m\u00fcr\u0259kk\u0259bl\u0259\u015fm\u0259si, f\u0259aliyy\u0259t n\u00f6vl\u0259rinin inteqrasiyas\u0131, \u0259halinin \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259rd\u0259 c\u0259ml\u0259\u015fm\u0259si v\u0259 m\u0259hsuldar q\u00fcvv\u0259l\u0259rin s\u0259naye \u0259sas\u0131nda t\u0259m\u0259rk\u00fczl\u0259\u015fm\u0259si prosesidir [6, s. 294-295; 21].<\/p>\n

          Urbanizasiya prosesi k\u0259nd yerl\u0259rinin silinm\u0259si m\u0259nas\u0131na g\u0259lm\u0259m\u0259lidir. \u018fksin\u0259, proqraml\u0131 \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 h\u0259yata ke\u00e7iril\u0259rs\u0259, k\u0259nd t\u0259s\u0259rr\u00fcfat\u0131 sektorunun modernl\u0259\u015fm\u0259si v\u0259 m\u0259hsuldarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 s\u00fcr\u0259tl\u0259n\u0259r, bu, r\u0259qab\u0259t qabiliyy\u0259tinin y\u00fcks\u0259lm\u0259sin\u0259 g\u0259tirib \u00e7\u0131xara bil\u0259r. K\u0259nd t\u0259s\u0259rr\u00fcfat\u0131 sah\u0259sind\u0259 q\u0259na\u0259t edil\u0259n \u0259m\u0259k resurslar\u0131 is\u0259 urbanizasiya prosesi \u00e7\u0259r\u00e7iv\u0259sind\u0259 \u015f\u0259h\u0259r\u0259 transfer edir. Bu g\u00fcn d\u00fcnyada s\u00fcr\u0259tl\u0259 geni\u015fl\u0259n\u0259n “r\u0259q\u0259msal n\u0259sil” Az\u0259rbaycanda da formala\u015f\u0131r v\u0259 \u0259m\u0259k bazar\u0131nda keyfiyy\u0259t v\u0259 k\u0259miyy\u0259t etibaril\u0259 yeni tendensiya yaran\u0131r.<\/p>\n

          Urbanizasiyala\u015fm\u0131\u015f region m\u00fch\u00fcm ya\u015fay\u0131\u015f areal\u0131 olub, sosial m\u0259kan b\u00fct\u00f6vl\u00fcy\u00fc yaradaraq, n\u00fcv\u0259 \u015f\u0259h\u0259r kimi aqlomerasiya \u0259halisinin sosial v\u0259 m\u0259d\u0259ni xidm\u0259tl\u0259r\u0259 olan ehtiyac\u0131n b\u00f6y\u00fck hiss\u0259sini \u00f6d\u0259yir. Bir \u00e7ox insanlar \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259r yeni imkanlar d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131 t\u0259msil edir, i\u015f yerl\u0259ri, texnologiyalar \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259rd\u0259 c\u0259ml\u0259\u015fib, f\u0259al iqtisadi inki\u015faf orada m\u00fc\u015fahid\u0259 olunur. Ona d\u00f6r\u0259 d\u0259 urbanizasiya s\u0259viyy\u0259si s\u00fcr\u0259tl\u0259 art\u0131r.<\/p>\n

          D\u00fcnya Bank\u0131n\u0131n m\u0259lumat\u0131na g\u00f6r\u0259, 1900-c\u00fc ild\u0259 \u015f\u0259h\u0259r \u0259halisi d\u00fcnya \u0259halisinin 5%-ni t\u0259\u015fkil edirdis\u0259, 2018-ci ild\u0259 bu r\u0259q\u0259m 55%-\u0259 \u00e7atm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Bu g\u00fcn b\u0259\u015f\u0259riyy\u0259tin yar\u0131s\u0131 – 4,2 milyard insan \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259rd\u0259 ya\u015fay\u0131r. BMT-nin \u018fhali Fondunun proqnozuna g\u00f6r\u0259, 2030-cu il\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259rd\u0259 ya\u015fayan d\u00fcnya \u0259halisinin say\u0131 t\u0259xmin\u0259n 60%-\u0259 \u00e7atacaq [26]. Qar\u015f\u0131dak\u0131 onillikl\u0259rd\u0259 qlobal urbanizasiyan\u0131n 95%-i inki\u015faf etm\u0259kd\u0259 olan \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rin pay\u0131na d\u00fc\u015f\u0259c\u0259k. \u015e\u0259h\u0259r sakinl\u0259rinin say\u0131n\u0131n s\u00fcr\u0259tl\u0259 artmas\u0131 il\u0259 \u0259laq\u0259dar, x\u00fcsus\u0259n s\u0259nayel\u0259\u015fm\u0259 sah\u0259sind\u0259 yeni imkanlar yaran\u0131r, lakin bununla b\u0259rab\u0259r, \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259rd\u0259 \u0259halinin h\u0259dd\u0259n art\u0131q s\u0131xla\u015fmas\u0131, qeyri-b\u0259rab\u0259rliyin artmas\u0131 v\u0259 \u0259traf m\u00fchitin deqradasiyaya m\u0259ruz qalmas\u0131 lab\u00fcd olur [20].<\/p>\n

          \u015e\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259rin \u00fcmumi sah\u0259si Yer k\u00fcr\u0259sinin quru \u0259razisinin yaln\u0131z 3%-ni t\u0259\u015fkil ets\u0259 d\u0259, enerji istehlak\u0131n\u0131n 60-80%-i v\u0259 karbon emissiyas\u0131n\u0131n 75%-i onlar\u0131n pay\u0131na d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr. S\u00fcr\u0259tli urbanizasiya \u015firin su ehtiyatlar\u0131n\u0131, kanalizasiya sistemini, n\u0259qliyyat infrastrukturunu, ya\u015fay\u0131\u015f m\u00fchitini, sosal h\u0259yat\u0131, m\u0259nzill\u0259r\u0259 \u0259l\u00e7atanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, kriminogen v\u0259ziyy\u0259ti v\u0259 ictimai s\u0259hiyy\u0259ni t\u0259zyiq alt\u0131nda saxlay\u0131r. Ba\u015fqa s\u00f6zl\u0259 des\u0259k, miqrasiyan\u0131n s\u00fcr\u0259tl\u0259 k\u0259ndl\u0259rd\u0259n, ki\u00e7ik ya\u015fay\u0131\u015f m\u0259nt\u0259q\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259n iri \u015f\u0259h\u0259r\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 do\u011fru ax\u0131n\u0131 \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259ri b\u00f6hran m\u0259rk\u0259zin\u0259 \u00e7evirir. Ona g\u00f6r\u0259 d\u0259 BMT Ba\u015f Assambleyas\u0131n\u0131n s\u0259dri Mariya Fernanda Espinosa 2019-cu ild\u0259 qurumun Nyu-Yorkdak\u0131 q\u0259rargah\u0131nda ke\u00e7irilmi\u015f iclas\u0131nda m\u00fcxt\u0259lif qit\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 yerl\u0259\u015f\u0259n bir s\u0131ra \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259rin merl\u0259rin\u0259 m\u00fcraci\u0259t ed\u0259r\u0259k bildirib ki, s\u00fcr\u0259tli urbanizasiya \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259rin idar\u0259 olunmas\u0131na yeni yana\u015fma t\u0259l\u0259b edir [25; 26].<\/p>\n

          BMT Ba\u015f Assambleyas\u0131n\u0131n 2016-c\u0131 ilin oktyabr ay\u0131nda Kito \u015f\u0259h\u0259rind\u0259 q\u0259bul edilmi\u015f \u201c\u015e\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259rin \u0130nki\u015faf\u0131 Proqram\u0131\u201d da m\u0259hz yaranan b\u00f6hran\u0131n aradan qald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na hesablanm\u0131\u015f bir s\u0259n\u0259ddir. S\u0259n\u0259dd\u0259 \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259rin ekoloji tarazl\u0131\u011f\u0131 v\u0259 inki\u015faf\u0131 strategiyas\u0131 \u00f6z \u0259ksini tap\u0131b [25; 26].<\/p>\n

          Az\u0259rbaycanda urbanizasiya prosesi 1860-c\u0131 ill\u0259rd\u0259 \u201cneft bumu\u201d d\u00f6vr\u00fcn\u0259 t\u0259sad\u00fcf edir. M\u0259hz o d\u00f6vrd\u0259n ba\u015flayaraq \u201c\u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259\u015fm\u0259\u201d prosesi b\u00f6y\u00fck v\u00fcs\u0259t alm\u0131\u015f, \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259rin say\u0131 v\u0259 \u0259halisi artm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Bu prosesin n\u0259tic\u0259si olaraq Az\u0259rbaycanda yeni tipli \u015f\u0259h\u0259r m\u0259sk\u0259nl\u0259ri – q\u0259s\u0259b\u0259l\u0259r \u0259m\u0259l\u0259 g\u0259lm\u0259y\u0259 ba\u015flam\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Bu q\u0259bild\u0259n olan ya\u015fay\u0131\u015f m\u0259nt\u0259q\u0259l\u0259ri \u00f6z tarixi inki\u015faf m\u0259rh\u0259l\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 m\u00fcxt\u0259lif s\u0259naye m\u00fc\u0259siss\u0259l\u0259ri yax\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, kurort v\u0259 turizm m\u0259rk\u0259zl\u0259rinin, d\u0259mir yolu stansiyalar\u0131n\u0131n \u0259traf\u0131nda yaranm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. N\u0259hay\u0259t, inki\u015faf d\u00f6vrl\u0259rini ke\u00e7\u0259n bu ya\u015fay\u0131\u015f m\u0259nt\u0259q\u0259l\u0259ri n\u00f6vb\u0259ti m\u0259rh\u0259l\u0259y\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259m qoymu\u015fdur. Bel\u0259 ki, \u0259halisi s\u00fcr\u0259tl\u0259 artan, t\u0259s\u0259rr\u00fcfat sah\u0259l\u0259rinin b\u00f6y\u00fck potensial\u0131 olan q\u0259s\u0259b\u0259l\u0259r \u015f\u0259h\u0259r statusu al\u0131r, \u00f6z da\u015f\u0131d\u0131qlar\u0131 funksiyalar\u0131 geni\u015fl\u0259ndir\u0259n ya\u015fay\u0131\u015f m\u0259nt\u0259q\u0259l\u0259ri q\u0259s\u0259b\u0259y\u0259 \u00e7evrilir, perspektivi olmayan ya\u015fay\u0131\u015f m\u0259nt\u0259q\u0259l\u0259ri is\u0259 t\u0259n\u0259zz\u00fcl\u0259 m\u0259ruz qalaraq l\u0259\u011fv olunurlar.<\/p>\n

          \u00d6lk\u0259nin \u0259razi qurulu\u015fu inzibati \u0259razi dair\u0259sin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 rayon v\u0259 \u015f\u0259h\u0259r\u0259, inzibati \u0259razi vahidin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 is\u0259 k\u0259nd, \u015f\u0259h\u0259r v\u0259 q\u0259s\u0259b\u0259y\u0259 b\u00f6l\u00fcn\u00fcr [9]. Qanuna g\u00f6r\u0259, o \u0259razi dair\u0259si \u015f\u0259h\u0259r say\u0131l\u0131r ki, \u0259halisi 15 min n\u0259f\u0259rd\u0259n \u00e7ox olsun. Eyni zamanda ayr\u0131-ayr\u0131 hallarda \u0259halisinin say\u0131 15 min n\u0259f\u0259rd\u0259n az, lakin 12 min n\u0259f\u0259rd\u0259n yuxar\u0131 olan, inki\u015faf etmi\u015f istehsalat v\u0259 sosial infrastruktura malik olan, \u0259razisind\u0259 \u00fcmumd\u00f6vl\u0259t \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tli m\u00fc\u0259ssis\u0259l\u0259r v\u0259 ya x\u00fcsusi \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tli tarixi v\u0259 m\u0259d\u0259ni abid\u0259l\u0259r yerl\u0259\u015f\u0259n, habel\u0259 g\u0259l\u0259c\u0259k inki\u015faf v\u0259 \u0259halisinin say\u0131n\u0131n artmas\u0131 perspektivin\u0259 malik olan b\u00f6y\u00fck inzibati, iqtisadi v\u0259 m\u0259d\u0259ni m\u0259rk\u0259zl\u0259r d\u0259 \u015f\u0259h\u0259r kateqoriyas\u0131na aid edil\u0259 bil\u0259r [9].<\/p>\n

          \u00d6lk\u0259mizd\u0259 haz\u0131rda m\u00f6vcud olan inzibati \u0259razi qurulu\u015flar\u0131 Az\u0259rbaycan M\u0259rk\u0259zi \u0130craiyy\u0259 Komit\u0259sinin v\u0259 Xalq Komissarlar\u0131 Sovetinin 30 avqust 1930-cu il tarixli q\u0259rar\u0131 \u0259sas\u0131nda yaranm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. \u0130lk b\u00f6lg\u00fcd\u0259n sonra \u0259razil\u0259rind\u0259 m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n d\u0259yi\u015fiklikl\u0259r edilib, Ming\u0259\u00e7evir v\u0259 Sumqay\u0131t kimi iri s\u0259naye \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259ri sal\u0131nm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Bununla \u015f\u0259h\u0259r \u0259halisinin say\u0131 k\u0259nd \u0259halisin\u0259 nisb\u0259t\u0259n d\u0259yi\u015fm\u0259y\u0259 ba\u015flam\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. \u00c7ar Rusiyasi v\u0259 1918-1920-ci ill\u0259rd\u0259 Az\u0259rbayan Xalq C\u00fcmhuriyy\u0259ti d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan \u0259halisnin b\u00f6y\u00fck hiss\u0259si k\u0259nd yerl\u0259rind\u0259 ya\u015fay\u0131rd\u0131. O zaman \u015f\u0259h\u0259r statusunda olan Bak\u0131, \u015eamax\u0131 v\u0259 Yelizavetpol (G\u0259nc\u0259) quberniyalar\u0131 var idi v\u0259 \u015f\u0259h\u0259r \u0259halisi m\u00fcvafiq olaraq 16-20 % aras\u0131nda olmu\u015fdur [23].<\/p>\n

          \u015e\u0259h\u0259r \u0259halisinin say\u0131na g\u00f6r\u0259 Bak\u0131, G\u0259nc\u0259 v\u0259 Sumqay\u0131t \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259ri \u00f6nd\u0259 g\u0259lir. Qeyd ed\u0259k ki, XIX \u0259srin 50-ci ill\u0259rin\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r Bak\u0131 \u0259halisinin say\u0131na g\u00f6r\u0259 \u015eamax\u0131, \u015e\u0259ki, G\u0259nc\u0259 v\u0259 \u015eu\u015fadan sonra 5-ci yerd\u0259 olub. XIX \u0259srin 50-ci ill\u0259rind\u0259 \u201cneft bumu\u201d ba\u015flayandan sonra q\u0131sa zamanda – 1859-cu ild\u0259 Bak\u0131 art\u0131q \u0259halisinin say\u0131na g\u00f6r\u0259 ikinci pill\u0259y\u0259 y\u00fcks\u0259lir. Bu art\u0131m\u0131n \u0259sas \u00f6z\u0259yini miqrasiya t\u0259\u015fkil edirdi. Bel\u0259 ki, Bak\u0131ya k\u00fctl\u0259vi k\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcn k\u00f6k\u00fcnd\u0259 bir t\u0259r\u0259fd\u0259n \u015eamax\u0131da ba\u015f ver\u0259n z\u0259lz\u0259l\u0259 dururdusa, dig\u0259r t\u0259r\u0259fd\u0259n \u0130randan az\u0259rbaycanl\u0131lar\u0131n (o ill\u0259rd\u0259 \u201ch\u0259m\u015f\u0259ri\u201d adlan\u0131rd\u0131), \u00c7ar Rusiyas\u0131ndan qeyri-m\u00fcs\u0259lman xalqlar\u0131n neft buruqlar\u0131nda i\u015fl\u0259m\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn g\u0259lm\u0259l\u0259ri dururdu. H\u0259min d\u00f6vrd\u0259 Bak\u0131n\u0131n etnik t\u0259rkibi miqrantlar hesab\u0131na s\u00fcr\u0259tl\u0259 d\u0259yi\u015fmi\u015fdir [10].<\/p>\n

          1833-1843-c\u00fc ill\u0259r \u0259rzind\u0259 intensiv olaraq Rusiyan\u0131n m\u0259rk\u0259zi quberniyalar\u0131ndan v\u0259 Ukraynadan \u201cduxobor\u201d, \u201cmolokan\u201d v\u0259 s. adlanan ruslar\u0131n konfessional qruplar\u0131 Az\u0259rbaycana k\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015fd\u00fcr [10].<\/p>\n

          Bu d\u00f6vrd\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycanda 20-y\u0259 yax\u0131n rus k\u0259ndi sal\u0131nd\u0131. \u201cNeft bumu” n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 qeyri-m\u00fcs\u0259lman xalqlar\u0131n Az\u0259rbaycana k\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcr\u00fclm\u0259 prosesi bir q\u0259d\u0259r d\u0259 s\u00fcr\u0259tl\u0259ndi. 1908-1910-cu ill\u0259r \u0259rzind\u0259 Rusiyadan Az\u0259rbaycana 3 min k\u0259ndli ail\u0259si k\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015fd\u00fc. Bunlar\u0131n n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n miqrasiya saldosu 1,6 d\u0259f\u0259d\u0259n \u00e7ox artaraq 1886-1897-ci ill\u0259rd\u0259ki 133,4 min n\u0259f\u0259rd\u0259n 1897-1913-c\u00fc ill\u0259rd\u0259 219,8 min n\u0259f\u0259r\u0259 \u00e7atm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. K\u00f6\u00e7\u0259nl\u0259rin \u0259ks\u0259r hiss\u0259si Bak\u0131ya g\u0259lirdi [10].<\/p>\n

          Qeyd etm\u0259k laz\u0131md\u0131r ki, Bak\u0131ya miqrasiya ed\u0259nl\u0259rin b\u00f6y\u00fck \u0259ks\u0259riyy\u0259tini ki\u015fil\u0259r t\u0259\u015fkil edirdi. Bel\u0259 ki, ail\u0259si il\u0259 birlikd\u0259 i\u015f axtarmaq \u00e7\u0259tin oldu\u011fundan miqrantlar\u0131n \u00e7oxu \u00f6z ail\u0259l\u0259rini evd\u0259 qoyub g\u0259lirdil\u0259r. Tarixi m\u0259nb\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 \u0259sas\u0259n, Bak\u0131n\u0131n neft s\u0259nayesi m\u00fc\u0259ssis\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259y\u0259n rus m\u00fct\u0259x\u0259ssisl\u0259ri, f\u0259hl\u0259 v\u0259 qulluq\u00e7ular\u0131 \u0259ks\u0259r hallarda \u00f6z ail\u0259l\u0259ri il\u0259 birlikd\u0259, erm\u0259nil\u0259rin \u00e7oxu subay v\u0259 t\u0259klikd\u0259, m\u00fcs\u0259lmanlar\u0131n is\u0259 ham\u0131s\u0131 \u00f6z ail\u0259l\u0259rini evd\u0259 qoyub g\u0259lir v\u0259 t\u0259klikd\u0259 ya\u015fay\u0131rd\u0131lar. 1897-ci il \u0259halinin siyah\u0131ya al\u0131nmas\u0131na dair m\u0259lumatlar\u0131na g\u00f6r\u0259, Bak\u0131 neft\u00e7\u0131xarma m\u00fc\u0259ssis\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan f\u0259hl\u0259l\u0259rin 82,5%-i subay v\u0259 yaxud \u00f6z ail\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259n k\u0259narda ya\u015fayanlardan ibar\u0259t idi. Miqrantlar\u0131n 75%-nin ki\u015fil\u0259r t\u0259\u015fkil etm\u0259si b\u00fct\u00f6vl\u00fckd\u0259 \u0259halinin do\u011fum \u0259msal\u0131n\u0131n t\u0259bii art\u0131m templ\u0259rinin xeyli a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015fm\u0259sin\u0259, \u00f6l\u00fcm \u0259msal\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fcks\u0259lm\u0259sin\u0259 t\u0259sir g\u00f6st\u0259rmi\u015fdir. Orta illik art\u0131m 1,53% t\u0259\u015fkil etmi\u015fdir ki, bu da h\u0259min d\u00f6vrd\u0259 Rusiya imperiyas\u0131 \u00fczr\u0259 analoji g\u00f6st\u0259ricid\u0259n azca a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 idi. Ancaq Rusiyada bu art\u0131m dem\u0259k olar ki, yaln\u0131z t\u0259bii art\u0131m hesab\u0131na olurdusa, Az\u0259rbaycanda \u0259hali art\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n 45%-\u0259 yax\u0131n\u0131 miqrasiyan\u0131n pay\u0131na d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrd\u00fc [10]. Burada \u0259halinin miqrasiya hesab\u0131na bel\u0259 y\u00fcks\u0259k templ\u0259 art\u0131m\u0131 o d\u00f6vrd\u0259 \u00c7ar Rusiyas\u0131n\u0131n yeritdiyi k\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcrm\u0259 siyas\u0259ti v\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n neft m\u0259d\u0259nl\u0259rinin intensiv sur\u0259td\u0259 istismar edilm\u0259si il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 idi [23].<\/p>\n

          Bak\u0131n\u0131n s\u00fcr\u0259tl\u0259 b\u00f6y\u00fcy\u00fcb \u00c7ar Rusiyas\u0131nda v\u0259 SSR\u0130-nin ilk ill\u0259rind\u0259 5 \u0259n b\u00f6y\u00fck \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259r s\u0131ras\u0131na d\u00fc\u015fm\u0259si \u015f\u0259h\u0259rin inki\u015faf\u0131 il\u0259 b\u0259rab\u0259r sosial probleml\u0259ri d\u0259 ortaya g\u0259tirdi. \u015e\u0259h\u0259rin i\u00e7m\u0259li su t\u0259minat\u0131, kanalizasiya t\u0259chizat\u0131 v\u0259 s\u0259hiyy\u0259 sistemind\u0259 \u00e7\u0259tinlikl\u0259r yaran\u0131r, tez-tez epidemiyalar yay\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Yeni sosial infrastrukturun qurulmas\u0131 b\u00f6y\u00fck s\u0259rmay\u0259l\u0259r t\u0259l\u0259b edirdi.<\/p>\n

          1918-1922-ci ill\u0259rd\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan \u0259razisind\u0259 ba\u015f ver\u0259n m\u00fcnaqi\u015f\u0259l\u0259r, k\u00fctl\u0259vi q\u0131r\u011f\u0131nlar \u015eamax\u0131 v\u0259 \u015eu\u015fan\u0131n \u0259halisinin say\u0131n\u0131 minimuma sald\u0131. Bu d\u00f6vrd\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan \u0259halisinin say\u0131 20,8%-d\u0259n \u00e7ox azald\u0131. Ba\u015fqa s\u00f6zl\u0259, Az\u0259rbaycan bu 4 illik d\u00f6vr \u0259rzind\u0259 \u0259halinin be\u015fd\u0259 biri q\u0259d\u0259r itkiy\u0259 m\u0259ruz qald\u0131. \u018fsas itkil\u0259rin m\u0259hz \u015f\u0259h\u0259r statusunda olan inzibati \u0259razil\u0259rd\u0259 ba\u015f verm\u0259si \u015f\u0259h\u0259r \u0259halisinin say\u0131n\u0131n dinamikas\u0131na t\u0259sir g\u00f6st\u0259rdi. \u018fv\u0259zind\u0259 \u015f\u0259h\u0259rin azalan yerli \u0259halisinin yerini sonrak\u0131 ill\u0259rd\u0259 y\u0259hudi, erm\u0259ni v\u0259 slavyan \u0259silli mill\u0259tl\u0259r tutdu [12].<\/p>\n

          Az\u0259rbaycanda \u015f\u0259h\u0259r \u0259halisinin say\u0131n\u0131n miqrantlar deyil, t\u0259bii art\u0131m hesab\u0131na y\u00fcks\u0259lm\u0259si yaln\u0131z 50-ci ill\u0259rd\u0259n etibar\u0259n ba\u015flam\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Bu d\u00f6vrd\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycanda k\u00f6kl\u00fc sosial-iqtisadi d\u0259yi\u015fiklikl\u0259r ba\u015f verir, \u0259hali k\u00fctl\u0259vi \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 t\u0259hsil\u0259 v\u0259 s\u0259hiyy\u0259 sistemin\u0259 c\u0259lb edilir, neft s\u0259nayesi v\u0259 onunla ba\u011fl\u0131 sah\u0259l\u0259r s\u0131\u00e7ray\u0131\u015fla inki\u015faf etdirilirdi. Sumqay\u0131t v\u0259 Ming\u0259\u00e7evir kimi yeni s\u0259naye \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259rinin yarad\u0131lmas\u0131, ali v\u0259 orta ixtisas m\u0259kt\u0259bl\u0259rinin a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 k\u0259ndl\u0259rd\u0259 ya\u015fayan g\u0259nc n\u0259slin \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259r\u0259 do\u011fru ax\u0131n\u0131na t\u0259kan verirdi [12].<\/p>\n

          1991-ci ild\u0259 m\u00fcst\u0259qilliyini b\u0259rpa etdikd\u0259n sonra Az\u0259rbaycana postsovet \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259n, x\u00fcsusil\u0259 Erm\u0259nistan, G\u00fcrc\u00fcstan, Rusiya v\u0259 Ukraynadan xeyli sayda miqrant g\u0259ldi, \u00f6lk\u0259nin demoqrafik tablosu d\u0259yi\u015fdi. M\u00fcst\u0259qillik \u0259r\u0259f\u0259sind\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan yeni miqrasiya d\u00f6n\u0259min\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259m qoydu. X\u00fcsusil\u0259, son ill\u0259r \u0259halinin \u015f\u0259h\u0259r m\u0259rk\u0259zl\u0259rin\u0259 yax\u0131n \u0259razil\u0259r\u0259 ax\u0131n etm\u0259si Az\u0259rbaycan h\u00f6kum\u0259tini ki\u00e7ik v\u0259 orta \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259r\u0259 periferiya c\u0259lb etm\u0259kl\u0259 co\u011frafi geni\u015fl\u0259nm\u0259 h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irilm\u0259si haqq\u0131nda qanun layih\u0259l\u0259ri haz\u0131rlama\u011fa vadar etdi. Qanun layih\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259, Q\u0259b\u0259l\u0259, G\u0259nc\u0259, Da\u015fk\u0259s\u0259n, Goranboy, G\u00f6yg\u00f6l, Samux, Massall\u0131, Ab\u015feron v\u0259 dig\u0259r \u015f\u0259h\u0259r v\u0259 rayonlar\u0131n s\u0259rh\u0259dl\u0259rind\u0259 qism\u0259n geni\u015fl\u0259nm\u0259 apar\u0131ld\u0131. Bir s\u0131ra k\u0259ndl\u0259r geni\u015fl\u0259n\u0259r\u0259k q\u0259s\u0259b\u0259 statusu ald\u0131. [2.]<\/p>\n

          Onu da qeyd ed\u0259k ki, urbanizasiya il\u0259 iqtisadi b\u00f6y\u00fcm\u0259 aras\u0131nda s\u0131x \u0259laq\u0259 var. D\u00fcnya miqyas\u0131nda \u015f\u0259h\u0259r v\u0259 q\u0259s\u0259b\u0259l\u0259r \u00fcmumi daxili m\u0259hsulun 80 %-d\u0259n \u00e7oxunu t\u0259\u015fkil edir. D\u00fcnyada \u015f\u0259h\u0259r yoxsullu\u011fu artsa da, bu, bir \u00e7ox insan\u0131n, o c\u00fcml\u0259d\u0259n kas\u0131blar\u0131n \u015f\u0259h\u0259r \u0259razil\u0259rin\u0259 k\u00f6\u00e7m\u0259l\u0259ri il\u0259 \u0259laq\u0259dard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

          C\u0259miyy\u0259tin dayan\u0131ql\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 t\u0259min ed\u0259n orta t\u0259b\u0259q\u0259nin formala\u015fmas\u0131nda da \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259rin rolu m\u00fch\u00fcmd\u00fcr. M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, Az\u0259rbaycanda orta t\u0259b\u0259q\u0259nin \u0259sas hiss\u0259si \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259rd\u0259 ya\u015fay\u0131r. Apar\u0131lan t\u0259dqiqat\u0131n n\u0259tic\u0259l\u0259ri s\u00fcb\u00fct edir ki, \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259r \u0259halinin t\u0259hsil s\u0259viyy\u0259sinin artmas\u0131na daha \u00e7ox t\u0259sir g\u00f6st\u0259rir. Bel\u0259 ki, ali t\u0259hsilli orta t\u0259b\u0259q\u0259nin b\u00f6y\u00fck bir qismi yerli \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259rd\u0259 formala\u015f\u0131r. Urbanizasiya Az\u0259rbaycan iqtisadiyyat\u0131n\u0131n r\u0259qab\u0259t qabiliyy\u0259tinin art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 v\u0259 \u0259halinin sosial rifah\u0131n\u0131n yax\u015f\u0131la\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, habel\u0259 onun d\u00fcnyag\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn v\u0259 h\u0259yat t\u0259rzinin qlobal \u00e7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131\u015flarla uzla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 m\u0259qs\u0259dl\u0259rin\u0259 xidm\u0259t etm\u0259lidir. T\u0259\u0259ss\u00fcf ki, Az\u0259rbaycanda iqtisadi inki\u015fafin y\u00fck\u00fcn\u00fc \u00f6z \u00fcz\u0259rin\u0259 g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u0259n daha \u00e7ox paytaxt Bak\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

          D\u00fcnya Bank\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fcnya \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rinin urbanizasiyas\u0131na dair hesabat\u0131ndan m\u0259lum olur ki, Az\u0259rbaycanda \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259\u015fm\u0259 SSR\u0130-nin 40-50-ci ill\u0259rd\u0259ki siyas\u0259tini \u0259hat\u0259 ed\u0259n d\u00f6vrd\u0259n sonra \u00e7ox da s\u00fcr\u0259tl\u0259 inki\u015faf etm\u0259yib. Bunun da ba\u015fl\u0131ca s\u0259b\u0259bi m\u00fcst\u0259qllik d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259 Bak\u0131dan ba\u015fqa dig\u0259r \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259rd\u0259 iqtisadi b\u00f6y\u00fcm\u0259nin z\u0259if getm\u0259si olub [24].<\/p>\n

          Qrafikd\u0259n g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcy\u00fc kimi, 1960-c\u0131 ill\u0259rd\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycanda \u015f\u0259h\u0259r \u0259halisinin say\u0131 52.7% olmaqla, Rusiya il\u0259 eyni s\u0259viyy\u0259d\u0259 – \u0259n y\u00fcks\u0259k pill\u0259d\u0259 olub. 2018-ci ild\u0259 bu g\u00f6st\u0259rici 55,7% olmaqla, postsovet \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259ri aras\u0131nda \u0259n a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 art\u0131m tempin\u0259 malik olub. Az\u0259rbaycanda urbanizasiyan\u0131n bel\u0259 z\u0259if tempd\u0259 getm\u0259sinin \u0259sas s\u0259b\u0259bl\u0259rind\u0259n biri sovet d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259 Bak\u0131ya g\u00fccl\u00fc ax\u0131n\u0131n qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 almaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn inzibati qaydalar\u0131n t\u0259tbiqi idi [24].<\/p>\n

          N\u018fT\u0130C\u018f<\/strong><\/p>\n

          Qeyd etm\u0259k laz\u0131md\u0131r ki, Az\u0259rbaycanda daxili miqrasiyan\u0131n t\u0259nziml\u0259nm\u0259si strateji \u0259h\u0259miy\u0259tli sosial m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259dir. Az\u0259rbaycanda \u00f6lk\u0259daxili miqrasiyan\u0131n m\u00fcxt\u0259lif – siyasi, sosial-iqtisadi, demoqrafik, h\u00fcquqi, m\u0259d\u0259ni-m\u0259n\u0259vi, geosiyasi aspektl\u0259rinin ara\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnd\u0259 elmi t\u0259dqiqatlar n\u0259inki nisb\u0259t\u0259n azd\u0131r, h\u0259tta b\u00fct\u00f6vl\u00fckd\u0259 yox d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259sind\u0259dir.<\/p>\n

          Az\u0259rbaycanda \u00f6lk\u0259daxili\u00a0 miqrasiya mobilliyinin izl\u0259nilm\u0259si v\u0259 b\u00f6lg\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259n paytaxta ax\u0131nlar\u0131n qeydiyyat\u0131n\u0131n apar\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n d\u00f6vl\u0259t t\u0259nziml\u0259nm\u0259sin\u0259 y\u00f6n\u0259lmi\u015f sistemli f\u0259aliyy\u0259t t\u0259\u015fkil edilm\u0259yib, yaxud onun olub-olmamas\u0131 m\u0259lum deyil. Region \u0259halisinin daxili miqrasiya etm\u0259sinin sosial aspektl\u0259ri \u00e7ox\u015fax\u0259li oldu\u011fu \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn onun qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n al\u0131nmas\u0131 da kompleks t\u0259dbirl\u0259rin g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u0259sini t\u0259l\u0259b edir.<\/p>\n

          Daxili miqrasiya v\u0259 urbanizasiya paytaxt \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259rd\u0259 sosial, ictimai sabitliyin t\u0259minat\u0131na birba\u015fa t\u0259sir ed\u0259n amill\u0259rd\u0259ndir. Az\u0259rbaycanda k\u00f6\u00e7 ed\u0259n v\u0259t\u0259nda\u015flar\u0131n b\u00f6y\u00fck bir qisminin faktiki ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u0259razi \u00fczr\u0259 qeydiyyatda olmamas\u0131 cinay\u0259t faktlar\u0131n\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131nda probleml\u0259r ya\u015fad\u0131r. X\u00fcsusil\u0259, Bak\u0131ya y\u00f6n\u0259l\u0259n miqrasiya paytaxt\u0131n kriminogen v\u0259ziyy\u0259tini g\u0259rginl\u0259\u015fdirir. M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, 2019-cu ilin 11 ay\u0131 \u0259rzind\u0259 paytaxtda t\u00f6r\u0259dil\u0259n cinay\u0259tl\u0259rin 37%-i respublikan\u0131n dig\u0259r \u015f\u0259h\u0259r v\u0259 rayonlar\u0131n\u0131n sakinl\u0259ri t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n edilib. H\u0259m\u00e7inin h\u0259dd\u0259n art\u0131q \u0259hali s\u0131xl\u0131\u011f\u0131 n\u0259inki \u0259n\u0259n\u0259vi \u201c\u015f\u0259h\u0259r-k\u0259nd\u201d m\u00fcnasib\u0259tl\u0259rind\u0259n yaranan sosial diskomfort hadis\u0259sin\u0259 s\u0259b\u0259b olur, h\u0259m\u00e7inin m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n q\u00fcvv\u0259l\u0259rin h\u0259dd\u0259n art\u0131q \u0259hali s\u0131xl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan yaranan obyektiv sosial probleml\u0259rin siyasil\u0259\u015fdirilm\u0259si \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u0259lveri\u015fli \u015f\u0259rait yarad\u0131r. Bel\u0259 ki, b\u00f6lg\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 m\u00f6vcud olan b\u0259zi obyektiv sosial probleml\u0259rin k\u0259nar q\u00fcvv\u0259l\u0259r t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n siyasil\u0259\u015fdiril\u0259r\u0259k sabitliyin pozulmas\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn sui-istifad\u0259 edilm\u0259si faktlar\u0131 m\u0259lumdur v\u0259 n\u0259z\u0259r\u0259 al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bu bax\u0131mdan daxili miqrasiyan\u0131n t\u0259nziml\u0259nm\u0259si sah\u0259sind\u0259 m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n qurumun t\u0259sis edilm\u0259si, yaxud m\u00f6vcud strukturlar daxilind\u0259 bu funksiyan\u0131n h\u0259r hans\u0131 bir quruma h\u0259val\u0259 edilm\u0259si m\u0259qs\u0259d\u0259uy\u011fun olard\u0131.<\/p>\n

          K\u0259ndl\u0259rd\u0259n \u015f\u0259h\u0259r\u0259 ax\u0131n\u0131n olmas\u0131 aqrar \u00f6lk\u0259si olan Az\u0259rbaycanda k\u0259nd t\u0259s\u0259rr\u00fcfat\u0131 sektorunda kadr ehtiyatlar\u0131 bax\u0131m\u0131ndan yax\u0131n g\u0259l\u0259c\u0259kd\u0259 m\u00fch\u00fcm sosial-iqtisadi t\u0259hdidl\u0259r yarada bil\u0259r. H\u0259r il d\u00f6vl\u0259t b\u00fcdc\u0259sind\u0259n k\u0259nd t\u0259s\u0259rr\u00fcfat\u0131 m\u0259hsullar\u0131n\u0131n istehsal\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn subsidiyalar ayr\u0131l\u0131r, g\u00fcz\u0259\u015ftl\u0259r t\u0259tbiq edilir. Uzun ill\u0259r \u0259m\u0259k v\u0259rdi\u015fl\u0259ri k\u0259nd t\u0259s\u0259rr\u00fcfat\u0131nda formala\u015fm\u0131\u015f insanlar\u0131n, ixtisasl\u0131 m\u00fct\u0259x\u0259ssisl\u0259rin, x\u00fcsusil\u0259 g\u0259ncl\u0259rin \u015f\u0259h\u0259r\u0259 ax\u0131n\u0131 regionlarda ixtisasl\u0131 kadr \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131 problemini yarad\u0131r. Sovet d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259 \u0259halinin respublikan\u0131n \u0259razil\u0259ri \u00fczr\u0259 b\u0259rab\u0259r paylan\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn regionlarda ali t\u0259hsil m\u0259kt\u0259bl\u0259ri tikils\u0259 d\u0259, m\u00fcst\u0259qillikd\u0259n sonra bu siyas\u0259t bir q\u0259d\u0259r arxa planda qald\u0131. M\u00fcst\u0259qillikd\u0259n sonra a\u00e7\u0131lan b\u00fct\u00fcn d\u00f6vl\u0259t v\u0259 \u00f6z\u0259l ali t\u0259hsil m\u00fc\u0259ssis\u0259l\u0259rinin \u0259ks\u0259riyy\u0259ti Bak\u0131da yerl\u0259\u015fdi. G\u0259nc kadrlar\u0131n \u00f6lk\u0259d\u0259 b\u0259rab\u0259r paylanmas\u0131n\u0131n t\u0259\u015fkili \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn Bak\u0131dan ba\u015fqa dig\u0259r iri \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259rd\u0259 d\u0259 \u00f6z\u0259l v\u0259 d\u00f6vl\u0259t universitetl\u0259rinin a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 t\u0259\u015fviq olunmur. Halbuki, regional ali t\u0259hsil m\u00fc\u0259ssis\u0259l\u0259rinin inki\u015faf\u0131 miqrasiya ax\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n t\u0259nziml\u0259nm\u0259sind\u0259 \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tli rola malikdir.<\/p>\n

          B\u00f6lg\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 sahibkarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n inki\u015faf\u0131 v\u0259 t\u0259\u015fviqi z\u0259if t\u0259\u015fkil olunub, maliyy\u0259 \u0259l\u00e7atanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 s\u0259viyy\u0259d\u0259dir. Sahibkarlar\u0131n kredit \u0259ld\u0259 etm\u0259k imkanlar\u0131 m\u0259hduddur, k\u0259nd t\u0259s\u0259rr\u00fcfat\u0131na y\u00f6n\u0259l\u0259n kreditl\u0259rin faiz d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259l\u0259ri y\u00fcks\u0259kdir. \u0130stehsal m\u00fc\u0259ssis\u0259l\u0259ri xammal v\u0259 kadr \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131 tam g\u00fcc\u00fc il\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259y\u0259 bilmir. Bu s\u0259b\u0259bd\u0259n b\u00f6lg\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259n paytaxta \u0259hali ax\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n rasional t\u0259nziml\u0259nm\u0259si m\u0259qs\u0259dil\u0259 burada prioritet sah\u0259l\u0259rin inki\u015faf\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn sahibkarlara d\u00f6vl\u0259t t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n \u0259lveri\u015fli maddi yard\u0131m, vergi g\u00fcz\u0259\u015ftl\u0259ri, el\u0259c\u0259 d\u0259 m\u0259n\u0259vi d\u0259st\u0259k verilm\u0259li, b\u00fcrokratik \u0259ng\u0259ll\u0259r aradan qald\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

          XXI \u0259srd\u0259 qlobal problem\u0259 \u00e7evril\u0259n daxili miqrasiyan\u0131n art\u0131q geosiyasi aspektl\u0259ri d\u0259rind\u0259n t\u0259hlil edilir. Vaxtil\u0259 Erm\u0259nistan-Az\u0259rbaycan Da\u011fl\u0131q Qaraba\u011f m\u00fcnaqi\u015f\u0259si n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 bir milyondan \u00e7ox qa\u00e7q\u0131n v\u0259 m\u0259cburi k\u00f6\u00e7k\u00fcn\u00fcn paytaxt v\u0259 regionlarda yerl\u0259\u015fdirilm\u0259si daxili miqrasiya prosesl\u0259rinin t\u0259nziml\u0259nm\u0259sin\u0259 \u0259n b\u00f6y\u00fck \u0259ng\u0259ll\u0259rd\u0259n biridir.<\/p>\n

          \u0130ST\u0130FAD\u018f OLUNMU\u015e \u018fD\u018fB\u0130YYAT<\/strong><\/p>\n

          Az\u0259rbaycan dilind\u0259:<\/strong><\/p>\n

            \n
          1. Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n demoqrafik g\u00f6st\u0259ricil\u0259ri. D\u00f6vl\u0259t Statistika Komit\u0259si, Bak\u0131, 2019.<\/li>\n
          2. Az\u0259rbaycan Respublikas\u0131 Prezidentinin \u201cBak\u0131 \u015f\u0259h\u0259rinin q\u0259s\u0259b\u0259l\u0259rinin sosial-iqtisadi inki\u015faf\u0131n\u0131n s\u00fcr\u0259tl\u0259ndirilm\u0259sin\u0259 dair t\u0259dbirl\u0259r Proqram\u0131\u201dn\u0131n t\u0259sdiq edilm\u0259si haqq\u0131nda S\u0259r\u0259ncam\u0131. Bak\u0131, 27 fevral 2006-c\u0131 il, \u21161338.<\/li>\n
          3. Az\u0259rbaycan Respublikas\u0131n\u0131n D\u00f6vl\u0259t Miqrasiya Proqram\u0131 (2006-2008-ci ill\u0259r) \/\/ V\u0259t\u0259nda\u015fl\u0131q v\u0259 miqrasiya haqq\u0131nda normativ-h\u00fcquqi s\u0259n\u0259dl\u0259r toplusu. Bak\u0131: Qanun, 2007.<\/li>\n
          4. Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n demoqrafik g\u00f6st\u0259ricil\u0259ri 2016 (Statistik m\u0259cmu\u0259). Bak\u0131, 2016, 480 s.<\/li>\n
          5. Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n statistik g\u00f6st\u0259ricil\u0259ri 2016, Bak\u0131: S\u0259da, 2016, 824 s.<\/li>\n
          6. Ataki\u015fiyev B. \u0130nzibati h\u00fcquq v\u0259 terminl\u0259r. Bak\u0131, 2008, 295 s.<\/li>\n
          7. Bak\u0131 aqlomerasiyas\u0131na aid \u015f\u0259h\u0259r v\u0259 q\u0259s\u0259b\u0259l\u0259rin t\u0259snifat\u0131. M\u0259nb\u0259: Az\u0259rbaycan demoqrafik g\u00f6st\u0259ricil\u0259ri, 1991.<\/li>\n
          8. Bak\u0131 \u015f\u0259h\u0259rinin q\u0259s\u0259b\u0259l\u0259rinin sosial-iqtisadi inki\u015faf\u0131. Bak\u0131: ARDSK, 2006.<\/li>\n
          9. \u201c\u018frazi qurulu\u015fu v\u0259 inzibati \u0259razi b\u00f6lg\u00fcs\u00fc haqq\u0131nda\u201d Az\u0259rbaycan Respublikas\u0131 Prezidentinin F\u0259rman\u0131. – http:\/\/e-qanun.gov.az\/alpidata\/ framework\/ data\/0\/c_f_524.htm<\/li>\n
          10. Muradov \u015e., Bax\u0131\u015f \u00c7. Az\u0259rbaycan Respublikas\u0131nda etno-demoqrafik prosesl\u0259r: tarixi d\u0259yi\u015fiklikl\u0259r v\u0259 reall\u0131qlar. Bak\u0131, 2013, 248 s.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

            \u0130ngilis dilind\u0259:<\/strong><\/p>\n

              \n
            1. UNESCO \u201cMigration, displacement and education: Building Bridges, Not Wall\u201d, 2019.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

              Rus dilind\u0259:<\/strong><\/p>\n

                \n
              1. \u00ab\u0410\u0437\u0435\u0440\u0431\u0430\u0439\u0434\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0421\u0421\u0420\u00bb, \u0418\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0442 \u0413\u0435\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0438 \u0410\u043a\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043c\u0438\u0438 \u041d\u0430\u0443\u043a \u0410\u0437\u0435\u0440\u0431\u0430\u0439\u0434\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0421\u0421\u0420, \u041c\u043e\u0441\u043a\u0432\u0430, 1957.<\/li>\n
              2. \u0413\u043e\u043d\u0447\u0430\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043a\u043e \u0410.\u0411., \u0421\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u041e.\u0412. \u041c\u043e\u0431\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u043a\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0436\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0438 \/\/ \u042d\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0438 \u043c\u0430\u0442. \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u044b, 2002, \u0442.38, \u2116 1, c.19-33.<\/li>\n
              3. \u0414\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u044d\u043d\u0446\u0438\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0440\u044c. \u041c.: \u0421\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u044d\u043d\u0446\u0438\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0434\u0438\u044f, 1985.<\/li>\n
              4. \u0414\u043e\u0445\u0443\u043d\u0430\u0435\u0432\u0430 \u0422.\u041d. \u041c\u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \/\/ \u0422\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e. \u041c., 2006, \u2116 7, c. 14-27.<\/li>\n
              5. \u041a\u0438\u0431\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432, \u0410.\u042f. \u041c\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0438\u043c\u0443\u043b\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u0435\u044f\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438: \u0423\u0447\u0435\u0431\u043d\u0438\u043a \u0422\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442. \/ \u0410.\u042f. \u041a\u0438\u0431\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432, \u0418.\u0410. \u0411\u0430\u0442\u043a\u0430\u0435\u0432\u0430, \u0422.\u0410. \u041c\u0438\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0444\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430, \u041c.\u0412. \u041b\u043e\u0432\u0447\u0435\u0432\u0430. \u041f\u043e\u0434 \u0440\u0435\u0434. \u0410.\u042f. \u041a\u0438\u0431\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430. \u041c.: \u0438\u043d\u0444\u0440\u0430-\u043c, 2011, 424 \u0441.<\/li>\n
              6. \u0420\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u0410.\u0410., \u0415\u043c\u0435\u043b\u044c\u044f\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0410.\u0410. \u0412\u044b\u043d\u0443\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043c\u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u0440\u0430\u043c\u043a\u0430\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \/\/ \u041d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u041c., 2005, \u21161, c.71-98.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                \u00a0<\/strong>\u0130nternet resurslar\u0131:<\/strong><\/p>\n

                  \n
                1. \u0410\u0434\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e-\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438, 2018, http:\/\/files.preslib.az\/projects\/azer baijan \/gl2.pdf<\/li>\n
                2. \u201cAz\u0259rbaycan Respublikas\u0131nda D\u00f6vl\u0259t \u015f\u0259h\u0259rsalma kadastr\u0131 v\u0259 \u015f\u0259h\u0259rsalma f\u0259aliyy\u0259ti obyektl\u0259rinin monitorinqinin vahid sisteml\u0259 apar\u0131lmas\u0131 v\u0259 kadastr xidm\u0259tinin t\u0259\u015fkili Qaydas\u0131 bar\u0259d\u0259\u201d Az\u0259rbaycan Respublikas\u0131 Nazirl\u0259r Kabinetinin Q\u0259rar\u0131. Bak\u0131 \u015f\u0259h\u0259ri, 4 sentyabr 2000-ci il, \u2116 159. – http:\/\/e-qanun.gov.az\/alpidata\/framework\/data\/0\/c_ f_ 480.htm<\/li>\n
                3. Marian Jakub, European countries by percentage of population living in the capital metropolitan area, 2016. – https:\/\/jakubmarian.com\/european-countries-by-percentage-of-population-living-near-the-capital\/<\/li>\n
                4. Migration Data Portal. – https:\/\/migrationdataportal.org\/data?t+=2019&cm49=31<\/li>\n
                5. Office for Notional Statistics. – file:\/\/\/C:\/Users\/ASUS\/Downloads\/internalmigrationmethodo logy2016.pdf<\/li>\n
                6. \u041f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0432\u0441\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0438. \u041d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0433\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043c \u0441\u0447\u0435\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043c: [5 \u0438\u044e\u043d\u044f 1895 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430], http:\/\/elib.shpl.ru\/ru\/nodes\/23817-pervaya-vseobschaya-perepis-naseleniya-rossiyskoy-imperii-nastavlenie-gorodskim-schetchikam-5-iyunya-1895-goda-spb-1896<\/li>\n
                7. World Bank. Urban population (% of total population) \u2013 Azerbaijan 1960-2019, United Nations Population Division. World Urbanization Prospects: 2018 Revision. https:\/\/data.worldbank.org\/ indicator\/SP. URB.TOTL.IN.ZS?locations=AZ<\/li>\n
                8. UN, New Urban Agenda 2017. – http:\/\/habitat3.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/NUA-English.pdf<\/li>\n
                9. UN, Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. – https:\/\/ sustainabledevelopment.un.org\/post2015\/transformingourworld<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                  \u00a0<\/strong>Elnara Garibova
                  \n<\/strong>The socio-demographic panorama of intersection of urbanization and <\/strong>internal migration process in Azerbaijan<\/strong><\/p>\n

                  \u00a0<\/strong>Abstract<\/strong><\/p>\n

                  Migration is one of the most essential social outcomes and alterations in human history. People are forced to emigrate for various reasons. Mostly in the last two centuries, the scientific and technological revolution and rapid development of globalization have had a direct or indirect impact on the pace and level of migration. Migration is a complex phenomenon. The formation of large cities, the emergence of megacities as a result of urbanization further complicates this process. Migration causes some new problems in multifaceted socio-economic, environmental, geopolitical, and ethno-political aspects. In many cases, migration processes, which take the form of mass flows to cities, change the city’s environment, natural landscape, disrupt traditional harmony. In the modern world, there is a very serious need to study the trends of migration in Azerbaijan, to determine the relationship between economic and unequal migration, to assess its effects on socio-economic development and demographic situation in the country.<\/p>\n

                  Key words: <\/strong>Azerbaijan, migration, social, urbanization, agglomeration, demography<\/p>\n

                  \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

                  \u00a0<\/strong>\u042d\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u0440\u0430 \u0413\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0431\u043e\u0432\u0430
                  \n<\/strong>\u0421\u043e\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e-\u0434\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0443\u0440\u0431\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438\u00a0<\/strong>\u0438 \u0432\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0435\u0439 \u043c\u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0432 \u0410\u0437\u0435\u0440\u0431\u0430\u0439\u0434\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0435<\/strong><\/p>\n

                  \u00a0<\/strong>\u0420\u0435\u0437\u044e\u043c\u0435<\/strong><\/p>\n

                  \u041c\u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f – \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0438\u0437 \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u0435\u0439\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u043e\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0432 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430. \u041b\u044e\u0434\u0438 \u0432\u044b\u043d\u0443\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u044b \u044d\u043c\u0438\u0433\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043c. \u0412 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0437\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u0432\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0442\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0443\u0447\u043d\u043e-\u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044e\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u0431\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0435 \u0433\u043b\u043e\u0431\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u044f\u043c\u043e \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u0441\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0438\u044f\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u043f\u044b \u0438 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u044c \u043c\u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438. \u041c\u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f – \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435.<\/p>\n

                  \u00a0\u0424\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0433\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432, \u043f\u043e\u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0433\u0430\u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u0432 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0435 \u0443\u0440\u0431\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0435\u0449\u0435 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435 \u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0436\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441. \u041c\u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u044b \u0432 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u043e\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e-\u044d\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445, \u044d\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445, \u0433\u0435\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0438 \u044d\u0442\u043d\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0430\u0441\u043f\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430\u0445. \u0412\u043e \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u044f\u0445 \u043c\u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u044b, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0443 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u0432 \u0433\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430, \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u044e\u0442 \u0433\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0441\u043a\u0443\u044e \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0443, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043b\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0448\u0430\u0444\u0442, \u043d\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0448\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0433\u0430\u0440\u043c\u043e\u043d\u0438\u044e. \u0412 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043c\u0438\u0440\u0435 \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044c \u0441\u0435\u0440\u044c\u0435\u0437\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0438\u0437\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0442\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043c\u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0432 \u0410\u0437\u0435\u0440\u0431\u0430\u0439\u0434\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0435, \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0432\u0437\u0430\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u044c \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u044d\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0438 \u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043c\u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0435\u0439, \u043e\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0435\u0435 \u0432\u043b\u0438\u044f\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e-\u044d\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0435 \u0438 \u0434\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0443\u044e \u0441\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044e \u0432 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435.<\/p>\n

                  \u041a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430:<\/strong> \u0410\u0437\u0435\u0440\u0431\u0430\u0439\u0434\u0436\u0430\u043d, \u043c\u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f, \u0441\u043e\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f, \u0443\u0440\u0431\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f, \u0430\u0433\u043b\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f, \u0434\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u044f<\/p>\n

                  \n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                  Elnar\u0259 Q\u018fR\u0130BOVA Sosial T\u0259dqiqatlar M\u0259rk\u0259zinin ba\u015f m\u0259sl\u0259h\u0259t\u00e7isi Bak\u0131, Az\u0259rbaycan \u00a0E-mail: elnara.garibova@gmail.com X\u00fclas\u0259. Miqrasiya b\u0259\u015f\u0259r tarixind\u0259 ba\u015f ver\u0259n, olduqca vacib sosial n\u0259tic\u0259 v\u0259 d\u0259yi\u015fiklikl\u0259ri \u015f\u0259rtl\u0259ndir\u0259n prosesl\u0259rd\u0259ndir. \u0130nsanlar m\u00fcxt\u0259lif s\u0259b\u0259bl\u0259rd\u0259n ya\u015fad\u0131qlar\u0131 yerl\u0259rd\u0259n k\u00f6\u00e7 etm\u0259k m\u0259cburiyy\u0259tind\u0259 qal\u0131rlar. X\u00fcsusil\u0259d\u0259 son iki \u0259srd\u0259 elmi-texniki inqilab v\u0259 qloballa\u015fma prosesl\u0259rinin s\u00fcr\u0259tli inki\u015faf\u0131 miqrasiyan\u0131n tempin\u0259 v\u0259 s\u0259viyy\u0259sin\u0259 birba\u015fa v\u0259 ya dolay\u0131 yolla b\u00f6y\u00fck […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":616,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-614","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cild-1--1"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/socialresearchjournal.az\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/614","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/socialresearchjournal.az\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/socialresearchjournal.az\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/socialresearchjournal.az\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/socialresearchjournal.az\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=614"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/socialresearchjournal.az\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/614\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":618,"href":"https:\/\/socialresearchjournal.az\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/614\/revisions\/618"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/socialresearchjournal.az\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/616"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/socialresearchjournal.az\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=614"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/socialresearchjournal.az\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=614"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/socialresearchjournal.az\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=614"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}