{"id":937,"date":"2023-10-04T12:32:57","date_gmt":"2023-10-04T08:32:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/socialresearchjournal.az\/?p=937"},"modified":"2023-10-04T12:32:57","modified_gmt":"2023-10-04T08:32:57","slug":"azerbaycanda-yasli-ehali-qrupunun-sosial-xidmet-almaq-ehtiyaclarina-baxis","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/socialresearchjournal.az\/index.php\/2023\/10\/04\/azerbaycanda-yasli-ehali-qrupunun-sosial-xidmet-almaq-ehtiyaclarina-baxis\/","title":{"rendered":"AZ\u018fRBAYCANDA YA\u015eLI \u018fHAL\u0130 QRUPUNUN SOS\u0130AL X\u0130DM\u018fT ALMAQ EHT\u0130YACLARINA BAXI\u015e"},"content":{"rendered":"

Eliza \u0130SMAYILOVA,<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bak\u0131 D\u00f6vl\u0259t Universitetinin Sosial i\u015f kafedras\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015f m\u00fc\u0259llimi, <\/em><\/p>\n

f\u0259ls\u0259f\u0259 \u00fczr\u0259 f\u0259ls\u0259f\u0259 doktoru<\/em><\/p>\n

Bak\u0131, Az\u0259rbaycan <\/em><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n

E-mail: eliza_ismayilova@yahoo.com<\/em><\/p>\n

UOT 316<\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

X\u00fclas\u0259. <\/strong>Az\u0259rbaycanda q\u0259dim d\u00f6vrd\u0259n g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz\u0259d\u0259k ah\u0131l, ya\u015fl\u0131 insanlara qar\u015f\u0131 x\u00fcsusi diqq\u0259t, qay\u011f\u0131 v\u0259 h\u00f6rm\u0259t hissi olmu\u015fdur. Bu, xalq\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n z\u0259ngin milli-m\u0259n\u0259vi d\u0259y\u0259rl\u0259r sistemind\u0259 ill\u0259rl\u0259 m\u00f6hk\u0259ml\u0259nmi\u015f v\u0259 n\u0259sild\u0259n-n\u0259sl\u0259 \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015fd\u00fcr. M\u00fcst\u0259qil Az\u0259rbaycan Respublikas\u0131 xalq\u0131n m\u0259d\u0259ni v\u0259 m\u0259n\u0259vi irsini, insan h\u00fcquqlar\u0131n\u0131n qorunmas\u0131n\u0131, insanm\u0259rk\u0259zli humanist, m\u0259rh\u0259m\u0259tli v\u0259 \u0259dal\u0259tli bir rifah d\u00f6vl\u0259ti yolunu se\u00e7m\u0259kl\u0259, \u0259halinin sosial v\u0259ziyy\u0259tini yax\u015f\u0131la\u015fd\u0131rma\u011fa, onlar\u0131n daha layiql\u0131 h\u0259yat t\u0259rzi il\u0259 t\u0259min olunmas\u0131na nail olma\u011fa cal\u0131\u015f\u0131r. \u018fhalinin h\u0259ssas t\u0259b\u0259q\u0259sin\u0259 daxil olan ya\u015fl\u0131lar\u0131n \u0259m\u0259k qabiliyy\u0259tinin azalmas\u0131 v\u0259 sosial m\u00fcnasib\u0259tl\u0259rin z\u0259ifl\u0259m\u0259si s\u0259b\u0259bind\u0259n bir \u00e7ox icbari m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259r meydana \u00e7\u0131x\u0131r ki, bunlar\u0131n da h\u0259ll olunmas\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn sosial xidm\u0259t subyektl\u0259rinin f\u0259aliyy\u0259tinin geni\u015fl\u0259ndirilm\u0259sin\u0259, yeni yana\u015fmalara ehtiyac vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Ah\u0131llar\u0131n sosial m\u00fcdafi\u0259sinin t\u0259\u015fkil olunmas\u0131 onlar\u0131n \u00f6mr\u00fcn\u00fcn uzanmas\u0131, sosial m\u00fcdafi\u0259 ehtiyaclar\u0131n\u0131n art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 v\u0259 dig\u0259r \u201csosial s\u0259rmay\u0259\u201dl\u0259rinin t\u0259hlilin\u0259, el\u0259c\u0259 d\u0259 t\u0259minatlar\u0131n \u00f6d\u0259nilm\u0259sin\u0259 x\u00fcsusi qay\u011f\u0131n\u0131, diqq\u0259ti v\u0259 xidm\u0259ti z\u0259ruri edir. M\u00fcasir sosial xidm\u0259t sah\u0259sind\u0259 \u201csosial s\u0259rmay\u0259\u201d c\u0259miyy\u0259td\u0259 ya\u015fl\u0131lar\u0131n sosial m\u00fcnasib\u0259tl\u0259r sistemin\u0259 daxil olan b\u00fct\u00fcn m\u0259nb\u0259l\u0259rinin \u2013 ail\u0259 qurulu\u015fu, qohumluq \u0259laq\u0259l\u0259ri, qon\u015fuluq v\u0259 dostluq m\u00fcnasib\u0259tl\u0259ri, sosial \u015f\u0259b\u0259k\u0259l\u0259r, ya\u015fl\u0131lar\u0131n \u00fcz\u0259rin\u0259 d\u00fc\u015f\u0259n \u00f6hd\u0259likl\u0259r v\u0259 g\u00f6zl\u0259ntil\u0259rinin olmas\u0131 anlam\u0131na g\u0259lir. Bununla yana\u015f\u0131, ah\u0131l \u015f\u0259xsl\u0259rin d\u0259rn\u0259k v\u0259 k\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fcl\u00fck proqramlar\u0131nda i\u015ftirak\u00e7\u0131l\u0131q s\u0259viyy\u0259si, ictimai-siyasi q\u0259rar q\u0259buletm\u0259 mexanizmind\u0259 yeri v\u0259 rolu haqq\u0131nda m\u0259lumat bazas\u0131n\u0131n olmas\u0131 ah\u0131llar\u0131n aktiv h\u0259yat t\u0259rzi il\u0259 yana\u015f\u0131 onlar\u0131n sosial rifah\u0131n\u0131n yax\u015f\u0131la\u015fmas\u0131 istiqam\u0259tind\u0259 g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u0259n i\u015f v\u0259 xidm\u0259tl\u0259rin g\u00f6st\u0259ricisi kimi d\u0259 d\u0259y\u0259rl\u0259ndiril\u0259 bil\u0259r.<\/p>\n

\u018fhalinin sosial-demoqrafik strukturunda \u201cdemoqrafik ya\u015flanma\u201d prosesinin s\u00fcr\u0259tl\u0259nm\u0259si v\u0259 v\u0259ziyy\u0259t\u0259 haz\u0131rl\u0131ql\u0131 olmayan c\u0259miyy\u0259tl\u0259rd\u0259 bu anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n ger\u00e7\u0259kl\u0259\u015fdirdiyi bir \u00e7ox m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259r m\u00f6vcuddur. Bu m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259rl\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 bir \u00e7ox t\u0259dqiqatlar\u0131n d\u0259qiql\u0259\u015fdirilm\u0259sin\u0259 v\u0259 ayd\u0131nla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na da ehtiyac vard\u0131r. Bu bax\u0131mdan inki\u015faf etmi\u015f \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 \u0259halinin h\u0259ssas t\u0259b\u0259q\u0259si olan ya\u015fl\u0131larla ba\u011fl\u0131 sosial xidm\u0259t n\u00f6vl\u0259rinin forma v\u0259 istiqam\u0259tl\u0259ri art\u0131q onlar\u0131n t\u0259kc\u0259 maddi ehtiyaclar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6d\u0259nilm\u0259si il\u0259 deyil, h\u0259m d\u0259 m\u0259d\u0259ni v\u0259 m\u0259n\u0259vi ehtiyaclar\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fcks\u0259ldilm\u0259sin\u0259 y\u00f6n\u0259l\u0259n xidm\u0259tin s\u0259viyy\u0259si il\u0259 m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259nl\u0259\u015fir.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong>A\u00e7ar s\u00f6zl\u0259r: <\/strong>insan, rifah, sosial xidm\u0259t, l\u0259yaq\u0259tli h\u0259yat, sosial s\u0259rmay\u0259, ya\u015fl\u0131l\u0131q, yaln\u0131zl\u0131q v\u0259 ah\u0131ll\u0131q<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Giri\u015f<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u018fhalinin h\u0259yat s\u0259viyy\u0259sinin yax\u015f\u0131la\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, v\u0259t\u0259nda\u015flara b\u0259rab\u0259r imkanlar\u0131n yarad\u0131lmas\u0131, onlar\u0131n sosial probleml\u0259rinin aradan qald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 d\u00f6vl\u0259tin sosial siyas\u0259tinin prioritet v\u0259zif\u0259l\u0259ri s\u0131ras\u0131ndad\u0131r. Bu da c\u0259miyy\u0259tin sosial rifah\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fcks\u0259ldilm\u0259sin\u0259 xidm\u0259t edir. \u018fhalinin h\u0259ssas qrupu kateqoriyas\u0131na aid olan ya\u015fl\u0131lar\u0131n h\u0259yat t\u0259rzinin m\u00fcxt\u0259lif sah\u0259l\u0259rini \u0259hat\u0259 ed\u0259n bir \u00e7ox sosial xidm\u0259t v\u0259 f\u0259aliyy\u0259t n\u00f6v\u00fc vard\u0131r. Bunlardan biri d\u0259 humanizm\u0259 v\u0259 insansev\u0259rliy\u0259 \u0259saslanan z\u0259ngin v\u0259 q\u0259dim xeyriyy\u0259\u00e7ilik \u0259n\u0259n\u0259l\u0259ridir ki, bu da sosial sferada daha \u00e7ox h\u0259ssas \u0259hali kateqoriyas\u0131na \u015famil olunur.<\/p>\n

T\u0259dqiqat\u0131n m\u0259qs\u0259di. <\/strong>M\u0259qal\u0259d\u0259 ah\u0131l \u015f\u0259xsl\u0259rin ya\u015fl\u0131l\u0131q d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259 t\u0259nha v\u0259 k\u00f6m\u0259ksiz qalma\u011fa m\u0259hkum olundu\u011funu n\u0259z\u0259ra alan v\u0259 onlar\u0131n sosial m\u00fcdaf\u0259sinin t\u0259min olunmas\u0131na, el\u0259c\u0259 d\u0259 ah\u0131l ya\u015f\u0131na uy\u011fun olan layiqli h\u0259yat t\u0259rzinin d\u0259st\u0259kl\u0259nm\u0259sin\u0259, onlar\u0131n sosial t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259sizliyinin t\u0259min olunmas\u0131na v\u0259 d\u00f6vl\u0259tin bununla ba\u011fl\u0131 apard\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u015fl\u0259r\u0259 n\u0259z\u0259r yetirilir v\u0259 m\u00fcqayis\u0259li t\u0259hlilin\u0259 yer verilir.<\/p>\n

T\u0259tbiq edil\u0259n metodlar. <\/strong>M\u0259qal\u0259d\u0259 sistemli yana\u015fma, statistik m\u0259lumatlar v\u0259 m\u00fcqayis\u0259li t\u0259hlil metodundan istifad\u0259 edilmi\u015fdir.<\/p>\n

Xeyriyy\u0259\u00e7ilik sosial i\u015fin tarixi n\u00fcm\u00fcn\u0259si kimi.<\/strong> D\u00fcnyada sosial xidm\u0259t, sosialla\u015fmaq, payla\u015fmaq, \u0259l tutmaq kimi xeyriyy\u0259\u00e7ilik tarixin b\u00fct\u00fcn d\u00f6vrl\u0259rind\u0259 m\u00fcxt\u0259lif formalarda m\u00f6vcud olmu\u015fdur. Az\u0259rbaycan xalq\u0131n\u0131n z\u0259ngin m\u0259d\u0259ni x\u00fcsusiyy\u0259tl\u0259rind\u0259n biri d\u0259 m\u0259hz onun yoxsul insanlara \u0259l tutmaq, \u00e7\u0259tin \u015f\u0259raitd\u0259, xeyird\u0259-\u015f\u0259rd\u0259 bir-birin\u0259 d\u0259st\u0259k olmaq, dayaq durmaq olub. Humanizm tarix\u0259n insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u0259n ali, b\u0259\u015f\u0259ri keyfiyy\u0259ti kimi s\u0259ciyy\u0259l\u0259nib. B\u0259s, xeyriyy\u0259\u00e7ilik sosial i\u015fin tarixi n\u00fcm\u00fcn\u0259si kimi nec\u0259 izah oluna bil\u0259r?<\/p>\n

Xeyriyy\u0259\u00e7ilik (filantropiya) sosial bir \u0259m\u0259l olub, imkans\u0131zlara, \u00e7\u0259tin h\u0259yat \u015f\u0259raitind\u0259 ya\u015fayan yoxsul insanlara imkanl\u0131, n\u0259cib v\u0259 bacar\u0131ql\u0131 \u015f\u0259xsl\u0259r t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n t\u0259m\u0259nnas\u0131z v\u0259 ictimai m\u0259nafel\u0259rin \u00fcst\u00fcn tutulmas\u0131 namin\u0259 g\u00f6st\u0259ril\u0259n humanist bir yard\u0131m formas\u0131d\u0131r. \u018fhalinin sosial bax\u0131mdan z\u0259if t\u0259b\u0259q\u0259l\u0259rini t\u0259msil ed\u0259n insanlara \u2013 fiziki v\u0259 \u0259qli \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131 olan \u015f\u0259xsl\u0259r\u0259, valideyn himay\u0259sind\u0259n m\u0259hrum u\u015faqlara, qocalara v\u0259 bu q\u0259bild\u0259n olan insanlara bu v\u0259 ya dig\u0259r \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 k\u00f6m\u0259k g\u00f6st\u0259rilm\u0259sini \u00f6z\u00fcnd\u0259 t\u0259zah\u00fcr etdir\u0259n bir \u0259m\u0259ldir. \u0130nsanlar\u0131n \u015f\u00fcurunda ad\u0259t\u0259n \u015f\u0259fq\u0259t, ba\u015fqas\u0131n\u0131n hal\u0131na yanma, ehtiyac\u0131 olanlara k\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc v\u0259 t\u0259m\u0259nnas\u0131z k\u00f6m\u0259k etm\u0259k ist\u0259yinin g\u00f6st\u0259ricisi kimi ba\u015fa d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcl\u00fcr. Xeyriyy\u0259\u00e7iliy\u0259 c\u0259miyy\u0259tin sosial siyas\u0259tind\u0259 hans\u0131sa bir \u0259lav\u0259 yard\u0131mla\u015fma f\u0259aliyy\u0259ti v\u0259 yaln\u0131z d\u00f6vl\u0259tin sosial y\u00fckl\u0259rinin, qay\u011f\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n azald\u0131lmas\u0131 kimi baxmaq olmaz. O, m\u0259n\u0259viyyat\u0131n \u0259n ali qanunlar\u0131ndan say\u0131lan, daha \u00e7ox ehtiyac\u0131 olan f\u0259rdl\u0259rin, sosial qruplar\u0131n v\u0259 ail\u0259l\u0259rin xeyrin\u0259 sosial \u0259dal\u0259tin b\u0259rq\u0259rar olunmas\u0131n\u0131, m\u0259n\u0259vi-\u0259xlaqi motivl\u0259rin v\u0259 \u00fcmumb\u0259\u015f\u0259ri d\u0259y\u0259rin g\u00f6st\u0259ricisi kimi qiym\u0259tl\u0259ndirilmi\u015fdir.<\/p>\n

Milli burjuaziyan\u0131n sosial f\u0259aliyy\u0259tinin m\u0259n\u0259vi d\u0259y\u0259rl\u0259r sistemind\u0259 yeri v\u0259 rolu. <\/strong>Q\u0259dim d\u00f6vrd\u0259n g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz\u0259 kimi Az\u0259rbaycanda filantropiyan\u0131n bir n\u00f6v\u00fc olan messenatl\u0131q geni\u015f v\u00fcs\u0259t alm\u0131\u015f, xeyriyy\u0259\u00e7i sahibkarlar kimi tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f insanlar c\u0259miyy\u0259tin rifah\u0131 namin\u0259 \u0259halinin sosial m\u00fcdafi\u0259sin\u0259, maarif v\u0259 t\u0259hsilinin, m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259t v\u0259 inc\u0259s\u0259n\u0259tinin inki\u015faf\u0131na k\u00fclli miqdarda v\u0259sait s\u0259rf etmi\u015fl\u0259r. Az\u0259rbaycanda \u00f6z d\u00f6vr\u00fcn\u00fcn sosial xidm\u0259t sah\u0259sini \u0259hat\u0259 ed\u0259n xeyriyy\u0259\u00e7iliyin b\u00fcn\u00f6vr\u0259sini qoyan \u0259silzad\u0259 milyon\u00e7u Hac\u0131 Hac\u0131a\u011fa v\u0259 \u015e\u0131xal\u0131 Dada\u015fov qarda\u015flar\u0131 olmu\u015fdur. Hac\u0131 Hac\u0131a\u011fa 1870-ci ild\u0259 \u00c7ar Rusiyas\u0131 Dumas\u0131nda olduqca t\u0259sirli \u00e7\u0131x\u0131\u015f\u0131 il\u0259 Bak\u0131da kims\u0259siz v\u0259 sahibsiz qocalar \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u201cAh\u0131llar evi\u201dnin tikilm\u0259sin\u0259 icaz\u0259 ist\u0259yir. O, \u00e7\u0131x\u0131\u015f\u0131nda deyir: \u201cM\u0259ml\u0259k\u0259tin imkanl\u0131 \u015f\u0259xsl\u0259ri raz\u0131 olmamal\u0131d\u0131r ki, onun qoca, kims\u0259siz ah\u0131l adamlar\u0131 k\u00fc\u00e7\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 qals\u0131n. M\u0259n b\u00fct\u00fcn x\u0259rcl\u0259ri \u00f6z \u00fcz\u0259rim\u0259 g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u0259r\u0259k qocalar evinin a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 t\u0259klif edir\u0259m\u201d.<\/p>\n

Hac\u0131 Hac\u0131a\u011fa \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn 10 hektardan \u00e7ox torpaq sah\u0259sind\u0259 yerl\u0259\u015f\u0259n m\u00fclk\u00fcn\u00fc \u201cAh\u0131llar evi\u201d kimi kims\u0259sizl\u0259rin ixtiyar\u0131na verir. Daha sonra orada qocalar \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn ikim\u0259rt\u0259b\u0259li pansionat tikdirir v\u0259 b\u00fct\u00fcn x\u0259rcl\u0259rini \u00f6z \u00fcz\u0259rin\u0259 g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcr. Hal-haz\u0131rda is\u0259 h\u0259min m\u00fc\u0259ssis\u0259d\u0259 m\u00fcasir d\u00f6vr\u00fcn t\u0259l\u0259bl\u0259rin\u0259 uy\u011fun olaraq ah\u0131l \u015f\u0259xsl\u0259rin sosial rifah\u0131n\u0131n yax\u015f\u0131la\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 m\u0259qd\u0259sil\u0259 be\u015fm\u0259rt\u0259b\u0259li 170 yerlik ikinci korpus in\u015fa edilmi\u015fdir.<\/p>\n

G\u00f6r\u00fcnd\u00fcy\u00fc kimi, \u00f6mr\u00fcn\u00fcn ah\u0131l \u00e7a\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ya\u015fayan insanlara diqq\u0259t, qay\u011f\u0131, h\u00f6rm\u0259t xalq\u0131m\u0131z\u0131m milli m\u0259n\u0259vi d\u0259y\u0259rl\u0259ri kimi tarixin dem\u0259k olar ki, b\u00fct\u00fcn d\u00f6vrl\u0259rind\u0259 m\u00fcxt\u0259lif formalarda g\u00f6st\u0259rilmi\u015fdir. Konstitusiym\u0131zda da ya\u015fl\u0131lara qay\u011f\u0131, h\u00f6rm\u0259t v\u0259 himay\u0259darl\u0131q qanunla t\u0259sbit olunmu\u015fdur. Bel\u0259 ki, yetkinlik ya\u015f\u0131na \u00e7atm\u0131\u015f h\u0259r bir \u00f6vlad\u0131n ya\u015fl\u0131 valideynl\u0259rinin qay\u011f\u0131s\u0131na qalma \u00f6hd\u0259liyi vard\u0131r. M\u00fcasir Az\u0259rbaycanda ah\u0131llarla ba\u011fl\u0131, ya\u015fl\u0131l\u0131qdan dolay\u0131 meydana g\u0259l\u0259n probleml\u0259rin aradan qald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na k\u00f6m\u0259klik g\u00f6st\u0259rilm\u0259si art\u0131q t\u0259kc\u0259 m\u0259rh\u0259m\u0259t hissi, humanist prinsipl\u0259r \u0259sas\u0131nda deyil, \u0259halinin sosial rifah\u0131n\u0131n yax\u015f\u0131la\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na hesablanan, sosial rifah d\u00f6vl\u0259ti x\u0259tti tutmu\u015f d\u00f6vl\u0259tin sosial siyas\u0259tinin t\u0259rkib hiss\u0259si kimi tez-tez t\u0259kmill\u0259\u015f\u0259n, beyn\u0259lxalq standartlarla \u015f\u0259rtl\u0259n\u0259n yeni islahatlar\u0131n q\u0259bul olunmas\u0131 il\u0259 t\u0259nziml\u0259nir.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u018fsas m\u0259tn<\/strong><\/p>\n

“Ah\u0131l v\u0259t\u0259nda\u015flar\u0131n sosial m\u00fcdafi\u0259sinin g\u00fccl\u0259ndirilm\u0259si \u00fczr\u0259 D\u00f6vl\u0259t Proqram\u0131”nda n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259 tutulan t\u0259dbirl\u0259r s\u0131ras\u0131nda bu g\u00fcn inki\u015faf etmi\u015f \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 ya\u015fl\u0131 c\u0259miyy\u0259tl\u0259r \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn diqq\u0259t\u0259 al\u0131nan, ah\u0131llar\u0131n sosial h\u0259yat t\u0259rzind\u0259 z\u0259ruri hesab olunan \u201csosial s\u0259rmay\u0259\u201d v\u0259 ya \u201csosial imkanlar\u201d n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259 tutulmu\u015fdur. \u201cSosial s\u0259rmay\u0259\u201d v\u0259 ya ba\u015fqa ifad\u0259 t\u0259rzind\u0259 \u201csosial imkanlar\u201d kimi ba\u015fa d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcl\u0259n bu sosial xidm\u0259t formas\u0131 ya\u015fl\u0131 insanlar\u0131 \u0259hat\u0259 ed\u0259n g\u00fcnd\u0259lik ictimai-siyas\u0131, sosial-m\u0259i\u015f\u0259t h\u0259yat t\u0259rzi v\u0259 m\u00fcasir informasiya texnologiyalar\u0131n\u0131 da n\u0259z\u0259r\u0259 alsaq, virtual ya\u015fam imkanlar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6z\u00fcnd\u0259 ehtiva ed\u0259n aktiv f\u0259aliyy\u0259t formas\u0131 kimi d\u0259rk oluna bil\u0259r. Sosioloqlar t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n \u201csosial s\u0259rmay\u0259\u201d anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 m\u00fcxt\u0259lif formalarda izah edilmir. Bel\u0259 ki, ingilis sosioloqu Vermon Kolm\u0259n\u0259 (Vermon Coleman) g\u00f6r\u0259, \u201csosial s\u0259rmay\u0259\u201d c\u0259miyy\u0259td\u0259 ya\u015fl\u0131lar\u0131n sosial m\u00fcnasib\u0259tl\u0259r sistem\u0131n\u0259 daxil olan b\u00fct\u00fcn m\u0259nb\u0259l\u0259rini \u2013 ail\u0259 qurlu\u015fu, qohumluq \u0259laq\u0259l\u0259ri, sosial \u015f\u0259b\u0259k\u0259l\u0259r, qonsuluq v\u0259 dostluq m\u00fcnasib\u0259tl\u0259ri, ya\u015fl\u0131lar\u0131n \u00fcz\u0259rl\u0259rin\u0259 d\u00fc\u015f\u0259n \u00f6hd\u0259likl\u0259r v\u0259 g\u00f6zl\u0259ntil\u0259rinin olmas\u0131 anlam\u0131na g\u0259lir [7]. Burada biz h\u0259r bir c\u0259miyy\u0259tin ad\u0259t-\u0259n\u0259nsind\u0259n, milli d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnc\u0259 t\u0259rzind\u0259n ir\u0259li g\u0259l\u0259n b\u0259zi x\u00fcsusiyy\u0259tl\u0259ri d\u0259 n\u0259z\u0259r\u0259 almaqla ona xas olan xarakterik hallar\u0131 diqq\u0259t\u0259 almal\u0131y\u0131q.<\/p>\n

M\u00f6vzunun i\u015fl\u0259nm\u0259 d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259si. <\/strong>M\u0259qal\u0259d\u0259 qeyd olunan \u0259d\u0259biyyat siyah\u0131s\u0131nda ad\u0131 \u00e7\u0259kil\u0259n m\u00fc\u0259llifl\u0259r m\u00fcxt\u0259lif vaxtlarda, \u00f6zn\u0259m\u0259xsus \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 bu m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259ri t\u0259dqiq edibl\u0259r. \u018fhalinin sosial rifah\u0131n\u0131n yax\u015f\u0131la\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, el\u0259c\u0259 d\u0259 c\u0259miyy\u0259tl\u0259rin davaml\u0131 dinamik inki\u015faf\u0131 sosial sferada yeni yana\u015fmalar\u0131 v\u0259 xidm\u0259t sah\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 yeni forma v\u0259 modelleri formala\u015fd\u0131r\u0131r. Az\u0259rbaycan c\u0259miyy\u0259ti \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn ya\u015fl\u0131lar\u0131n ail\u0259d\u0259 v\u0259 qohumluq m\u00fcnasib\u0259tl\u0259rind\u0259 diqq\u0259t\u0259 al\u0131nan \u0259sas m\u0259qamlar onlar\u0131n ail\u0259 insitutlar\u0131n\u0131n m\u00f6hk\u0259mliyi il\u0259 m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n olundugundan, qon\u015fular v\u0259 dig\u0259r ictimai i\u015fl\u0259r\u0259 m\u00fcnasib\u0259t is\u0259 sosial \u0259laq\u0259l\u0259r kimi d\u0259y\u0259rl\u0259ndirilir. Dig\u0259r t\u0259r\u0259fd\u0259n V.Kolm\u0259n ya\u015fl\u0131lar\u0131n h\u0259yat t\u0259rzind\u0259 \u201csosial s\u0259rmay\u0259\u201d anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 rasional se\u00e7im \u00fcz\u0259rin\u0259 uygunla\u015fd\u0131rm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Bel\u0259 olan halda ya\u015fl\u0131lar\u0131n bir ba\u015fqasi il\u0259 h\u0259r hans\u0131 bir i\u015f birliyini qurmaq se\u00e7imi, onlar\u0131n \u00f6z m\u0259nafel\u0259ri \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u00fcz\u0259rl\u0259rin\u0259 d\u00fc\u015f\u0259n \u00f6hd\u0259liyin yerin\u0259 yetirilm\u0259sin\u0259 hesablanm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Dem\u0259k, ya\u015fl\u0131lar h\u0259yat t\u0259rzind\u0259 v\u0259 se\u00e7iml\u0259rind\u0259 rasionald\u0131rlar. T\u0259bii ki, bu rasionall\u0131q bizim c\u0259miyy\u0259timizd\u0259 b\u00fct\u00fcn ya\u015fl\u0131lar kateqoriyas\u0131na aid olan ah\u0131llara \u015famil oluna bilm\u0259z. Bu, daha cox intellektual s\u0259viyy\u0259si daha yuxar\u0131 olan v\u0259 ya\u015fam t\u0259rzind\u0259 daha cox m\u00fcst\u0259qilliyi v\u0259 maddi imkan\u0131 olan ya\u015fl\u0131lar \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn n\u0259z\u0259r\u0259 al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Ah\u0131llar\u0131n h\u0259yat t\u0259rzin\u0259 v\u0259 sosial s\u0259rmaya anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131na daxil olan, sosial \u0259laq\u0259l\u0259ri z\u0259if olan t\u0259nhal\u0131q v\u0259 yaln\u0131zl\u0131q kimi problem d\u0259 vard\u0131r. Amsterdam Universitetinin professoru Cenni Gervald (Jenni De Jong Gierveld) t\u0259nhal\u0131\u011f\u0131 sosial \u0259laq\u0259l\u0259rin z\u0259if olmas\u0131 il\u0259 izah ed\u0259rk\u0259n, dig\u0259rl\u0259ri t\u0259nhal\u0131q v\u0259 yaln\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015f\u0259xsin dig\u0259rl\u0259rin\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 inams\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 v\u0259 dostluq qura bilm\u0259m\u0259si il\u0259 \u0259laq\u0259l\u0259ndirirl\u0259r. Bu m\u00f6vzuda bir cox t\u00fcrk t\u0259dqiqat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n da maraql\u0131 fikirl\u0259ri vard\u0131r. Hacettepe Universitetinin sosial elml\u0259r b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnun \u0259m\u0259kda\u015f\u0131 Edip Ayg\u00fcl\u0259rin \u201cT\u0259k ya\u015fayan ya\u015fl\u0131lar\u0131n ya\u015flanma qavray\u0131\u015flar\u0131: h\u0259yat t\u0259cr\u00fcb\u0259l\u0259ri v\u0259 ehtiyaclar\u0131\u201d adl\u0131 t\u0259dqiqat\u0131nda ya\u015fl\u0131lar\u0131n t\u0259nhal\u0131q v\u0259 yoxsulluq v\u0259ziyy\u0259tin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 sosial xidm\u0259tin g\u00f6st\u0259rilm\u0259si m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259si yer alm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r [4]. Ara\u015fd\u0131rman\u0131n \u0259sas m\u0259qs\u0259di ah\u0131llar\u0131n yoxsulluq v\u0259 t\u0259nhal\u0131q problemini ortaya \u00e7\u0131xarmaq v\u0259 bu probleml\u0259rin aradan qald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 yollar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6st\u0259rm\u0259kdir.<\/p>\n

Aylin G\u00f6rg\u00fcn Baran \u201cSosial s\u0259rmay\u0259, g\u00fcv\u0259n v\u0259 t\u0259nhal\u0131q bax\u0131m\u0131ndan ya\u015fl\u0131lar\u0131n ya\u015fam t\u0259rzin\u0259 bir bax\u0131\u015f\u201d (2020) adl\u0131 ara\u015fd\u0131rmas\u0131nda sosial s\u0259rmay\u0259 m\u00fcnasib\u0259tl\u0259ri n\u00f6qteyi-n\u0259z\u0259rind\u0259n ya\u015fl\u0131lar\u0131n kiml\u0259rl\u0259 daha cox m\u00fcnasib\u0259td\u0259 olmaqdan xo\u015fland\u0131qlar\u0131n\u0131, kiml\u0259rl\u0259 daha \u00e7ox vaxt ke\u00e7irm\u0259k ist\u0259dikl\u0259rini \u00f6yr\u0259nm\u0259y\u0259 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r [5]. G\u00f6r\u00fcnd\u00fcy\u00fc kimi, \u201csosial s\u0259rmay\u0259\u201d ifad\u0259si bizim m\u00fchit \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn sosial m\u00fcnasib\u0259tl\u0259r sistemin\u0259 daxil olan yeni bir anlay\u0131\u015f kimi ah\u0131llar\u0131n, ya\u015fl\u0131lar\u0131n v\u0259 \u0259m\u0259k qabiliyy\u0259ti z\u0259if olan \u015f\u0259xsl\u0259rin sosialla\u015fma prosesind\u0259 yeni m\u0259na v\u0259 \u00e7alarlar ver\u0259n v\u0259 onun parametl\u0259rini m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n ed\u0259n \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fc kimi ba\u015fa d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

C\u0259miyy\u0259tin sosial-demoqrafik strukturunda \u201cdemoqrafik ya\u015flanma\u201d, y\u0259ni umumi \u0259hali say\u0131nda ya\u015fl\u0131 \u0259hali qrupunun artmas\u0131 qlobal v\u0259 ya duny\u0259vi bir prosess olub, d\u00fcnya d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259rind\u0259 h\u0259r bir c\u0259miyy\u0259tin inki\u015faf s\u0259viyy\u0259sind\u0259n as\u0131l\u0131 olaraq d\u0259yi\u015fir. \u0130nki\u015faf etmi\u015f \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 demoqrafik ya\u015flanma 100 illik zaman \u00fczr\u0259 hesablanark\u0259n, inki\u015faf etm\u0259kd\u0259 olan \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259r \u00fczr\u0259 bu m\u00fcdd\u0259t 15-20 il m\u00fcdd\u0259tin\u0259 azalmaqdad\u0131r. Bu bax\u0131mdan \u201cdemoqrafik ya\u015flanma\u201d anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131na haz\u0131rl\u0131ql\u0131 olmayan c\u0259miyy\u0259tl\u0259rd\u0259 bu anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n gerc\u0259kl\u0259\u015fdirdiyi bir \u00e7ox m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259r var. Onlarla ba\u011fl\u0131 bir \u00e7ox t\u0259dqiqatlar\u0131n d\u0259qiql\u0259\u015fdirilm\u0259sin\u0259 v\u0259 ayd\u0131nla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na ehtiyac duyulur [6].<\/p>\n

Ah\u0131l v\u0259 ya\u015fl\u0131 \u015f\u0259xsl\u0259rin sosial m\u00fcdafi\u0259sinin t\u0259\u015fkilind\u0259 d\u00f6vl\u0259tin rolu.<\/strong> Az\u0259rbaycan Respublikas\u0131 D\u00f6vl\u0259t Statistika Komit\u0259sinin verdiyi m\u0259lumata \u0259sas\u0259n, 2022-ci ilin \u0259vv\u0259lin\u0259 \u00f6lk\u0259 \u0259halisin umumi say\u0131 10119.1 min n\u0259f\u0259r olmu\u015fdur. Ondan 65-69 ya\u015f qrupunda olanlar\u0131n say\u0131 318.7 min n\u0259f\u0259r, 70 v\u0259 daha yuxar\u0131 ya\u015f qrupunda olan \u015f\u0259xsl\u0259ri say\u0131 is\u0259 437.7 min n\u0259f\u0259rdir. Bu is\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycanda \u0259halinin sosial-demoqrafik strukturunda \u0259halinin say nisb\u0259tin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 \u201cdemoqrafik ya\u015flanma\u201d prosesinin s\u00fcr\u0259tl\u0259 artd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6st\u0259rir. BMT-nin \u018fhali Fondu t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n a\u00e7\u0131qlanan m\u0259lumatda \u0259halinin umumi say\u0131n\u0131n 7%-i 65 v\u0259 daha yuxar\u0131 ya\u015f qrupu il\u0259 \u0259hat\u0259 olunduqda ya\u015fl\u0131 c\u0259miyy\u0259t, 10%-d\u0259n cox olduqda is\u0259 \u00e7ox ya\u015fl\u0131 c\u0259miyy\u0259t kimi q\u0259bul olunmu\u015fdur. Bununla yana\u015f\u0131, 70 v\u0259 daha yuxar\u0131 ya\u015f qrupunda olan \u015f\u0259xsl\u0259rin say g\u00f6st\u0259ricisi 65-69 ya\u015f qruna g\u00f6r\u0259 \u00e7oxluq t\u0259\u015fkil etdiyin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 \u201cdemoqrafik ya\u015flanma\u201d prosesinin \u00f6z i\u00e7\u0259risind\u0259 d\u0259 ya\u015flanman\u0131n oldugunu g\u00f6st\u0259rir. 2022-ci ilin \u0259vv\u0259lin\u0259 D\u00f6vl\u0259t Statistika Komit\u0259sinin verdiyi m\u0259lumata \u0259sas\u0259n, ya\u015fa g\u00f6r\u0259 m\u00fcavin\u0259t alanlar\u0131n 396.9 min n\u0259f\u0259rini d\u0259 bura daxil ets\u0259k, \u00f6lk\u0259 \u0259halisinin 10%-ni ya\u015fl\u0131, ah\u0131l insanlar\u0131n t\u0259\u015fkil etdiyini g\u00f6r\u0259rik. Bu da o dem\u0259kdir ki, ah\u0131l ya\u015fda olanlar\u0131n say\u0131 s\u00fcr\u0259tl\u0259 artmaqdad\u0131r [8].<\/p>\n

M\u00f6vcud v\u0259ziyy\u0259t \u0259halinin ah\u0131l ya\u015f kateqoriyasi \u00fczr\u0259 d\u00f6vl\u0259tin sosial xidm\u0259t sah\u0259sin\u0259 daxil olan dig\u0259r sosial, iqtisadi v\u0259 m\u0259d\u0259ni m\u00fcnasib\u0259tl\u0259rin t\u0259nziml\u0259nm\u0259 prosesin\u0259 yeni bax\u0131\u015f z\u0259rur\u0259tini meydana \u00e7\u0131xar\u0131r. Statistik g\u00f6st\u0259ricil\u0259r\u0259 \u0259sas\u0259n \u0259halinin ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 m\u0259kan \u00fczr\u0259 b\u00f6lg\u00fcd\u0259 \u015f\u0259h\u0259rd\u0259 ya\u015fayanlar umumi \u0259halinin 53%-ni, k\u0259nd yerl\u0259rind\u0259 ya\u015fayanlar is\u0259 47%-ni t\u0259\u015fkil etm\u0259sin\u0259 baxmayaraq, ya\u015fl\u0131 \u0259hal\u0131 qruplar\u0131na daxil olan insanlar\u0131n \u00e7oxu b\u00f6lg\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 v\u0259 k\u0259nd yerl\u0259rind\u0259 m\u0259skunla\u015f\u0131blar [8]. B\u00f6lg\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 sosial-iqtisadi v\u0259ziyy\u0259tin t\u0259hlili onu g\u00f6st\u0259rir ki, bu ya\u015f qrupunda olan insanlar\u0131n sosial, iqtisadi v\u0259 m\u0259d\u0259ni imkanlar\u0131n\u0131n h\u0259rt\u0259r\u0259fli ara\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na, x\u00fcsusil\u0259 t\u0259nha v\u0259 h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259t imkanlar\u0131 m\u0259hdud olan insanlara y\u00f6n\u0259lik sosial t\u0259dbirl\u0259rin geni\u015fl\u0259ndirilm\u0259sin\u0259 ehtiyac vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Az\u0259rbaycan Respublikas\u0131n\u0131n \u201cSosial xidm\u0259t haqq\u0131nda\u201d Qanununa \u0259sas\u0259n, ya\u015f\u0131 70-\u0259 \u00e7atm\u0131\u015f \u015f\u0259xsl\u0259r ah\u0131l \u015f\u0259xs hesab olunur. \u00d6lk\u0259miz m\u00fcst\u0259qilliyini b\u0259rpa etdikd\u0259n sonra 1991-ci ilin dekabr\u0131n 16-da ah\u0131l \u015f\u0259xsl\u0259r\u0259 m\u00fcnasib\u0259td\u0259 n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259 tutulan prinsipl\u0259r\u0259, el\u0259c\u0259 d\u0259 1992-ci ild\u0259 ah\u0131llar\u0131n m\u00fcdafi\u0259si il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 q\u0259bul olunan Q\u0259tnam\u0259nin prinsipl\u0259rin\u0259 \u0259sas\u0259n h\u0259r il oktyabr ay\u0131n\u0131n 1-i Beyn\u0259lxalq Ah\u0131llar G\u00fcn\u00fc kimi qeyd olunur. Ah\u0131llara, ya\u015fl\u0131lara g\u00f6st\u0259ril\u0259n sosial xidm\u0259tl\u0259r h\u0259r bir d\u00f6vl\u0259tin sosial-iqtisadi siyas\u0259tin\u0259 \u0259saslanan v\u0259 c\u0259miyy\u0259tin h\u0259yat t\u0259rzin\u0259 uy\u011fun olaraq m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259nl\u0259\u015f\u0259n prinsipl\u0259r \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 qurulur [11].<\/p>\n

Az\u0259rbaycanda ahillarla ba\u011fl\u0131 yuxar\u0131da qeyd olunan ist\u0259r humanist prinsipl\u0259r, ist\u0259rs\u0259 d\u0259 qanunvericilik bazas\u0131na \u0259saslanan \u00e7oxsayl\u0131 sosial xidm\u0259tl\u0259r n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259 tutulmu\u015fdur. Ah\u0131l \u015f\u0259xsl\u0259rin ya\u015fl\u0131l\u0131q d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259 t\u0259nha v\u0259 k\u00f6m\u0259ksiz qalma\u011fa m\u0259hkum olundu\u011funun n\u0259z\u0259r\u0259 al\u0131nmas\u0131 v\u0259 onlar\u0131n sosial m\u00fcdaf\u0259sinin t\u0259min olunmas\u0131, el\u0259c\u0259 d\u0259 ah\u0131l ya\u015f\u0131na uy\u011fun olan layiqli h\u0259yat t\u0259rzinin d\u0259st\u0259kl\u0259nm\u0259si, onlar\u0131n sosial t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259sizliyinin t\u0259min olunmas\u0131 d\u00f6vl\u0259t t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n kompleks \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 yerin\u0259 yetirilir. BMT Ba\u015f Assambleyas\u0131n\u0131n \u0259halinin qocalma probleml\u0259ri \u00fczr\u0259 Beyn\u0259lxalq F\u0259aliyy\u0259t Plan\u0131nda (Madrid, 2002) n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259 tutulmu\u015f proqrama \u0259sas\u0259n, h\u0259r bir \u00f6lk\u0259nin iqtisadi, sosial v\u0259 demoqrafik prosesl\u0259rinin inki\u015faf x\u00fcsusiyy\u0259tl\u0259rin\u0259 uygun olaraq ah\u0131l, ya\u015fl\u0131 insanlar\u0131n sosial m\u00fcdafi\u0259si v\u0259 t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259sizliyin\u0131n t\u0259min olunmas\u0131 n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259 tutulmu\u015fdur. Ah\u0131l \u015f\u0259xsl\u0259rin sosial-iqtisadi v\u0259ziyy\u0259tinin yax\u015f\u0131la\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 m\u0259qs\u0259dil\u0259 2004-c\u00fc ild\u0259 “Az\u0259rbaycanda demoqrafiya v\u0259 \u0259hali sakinliyinin inki\u015faf\u0131 sah\u0259sind\u0259 D\u00f6vl\u0259t Proqram\u0131”, 2006-c\u0131 ilin aprelin 17-d\u0259 is\u0259 “Ah\u0131l v\u0259t\u0259nda\u015flar\u0131n sosial m\u00fcdafi\u0259sinin g\u00fccl\u0259ndirilm\u0259si \u00fczr\u0259 D\u00f6vl\u0259t Proqram\u0131” t\u0259sdiq edilmi\u015fdir [10]. Bu D\u00f6vl\u0259t Proqram\u0131na \u0259saslanan bir \u00e7ox t\u0259dbirl\u0259rin h\u0259yata ke\u00e7\u0131r\u0131lm\u0259si n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259 tutulmu\u015fdur. Onlardan b\u0259zil\u0259rini t\u0259dqiqat \u00e7\u0259r\u00e7iv\u0259sind\u0259 n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259n ke\u00e7ir\u0259k:<\/p>\n

T\u0259nha v\u0259 ba\u015fqalar\u0131n\u0131n k\u00f6m\u0259yin\u0259 ehtiyac\u0131 olan ah\u0131llar \u00fczr\u0259 \u0259razi informasiya bazas\u0131n\u0131n yarad\u0131lmas\u0131.<\/strong> Ya\u015fl\u0131 \u0259hali qrupunun sosial rifah\u0131n\u0131n yax\u015f\u0131la\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 m\u0259qs\u0259dil\u0259 n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259 tutulan bu informasiya bazas\u0131n\u0131n yarad\u0131lmas\u0131 bar\u0259d\u0259 he\u00e7 bir m\u0259nb\u0259y\u0259 rast g\u0259lm\u0259dik. Bu informasiya bazas\u0131n\u0131n yarad\u0131lmas\u0131 D\u00f6vl\u0259t Sosial M\u00fcdafi\u0259 Fondunun rayon \u015f\u00f6b\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 veril\u0259n s\u0259lahiyy\u0259tl\u0259r \u00e7\u0259r\u00e7iv\u0259sind\u0259 ba\u015fqalar\u0131n\u0131n k\u00f6m\u0259yin\u0259 ehtiyac\u0131 olan t\u0259nha ah\u0131llar\u0131n v\u0259 \u0259m\u0259k qabiliyy\u0259ti olmayanlar\u0131n (\u0259lill\u0259rin) a\u015fkar edilm\u0259sini, sosial m\u0259i\u015f\u0259t xidm\u0259tin\u0259 g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fclm\u0259sini, onlar\u0131n sosial m\u00fcdafi\u0259si \u00fczr\u0259 t\u0259dbirl\u0259rin h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irilm\u0259sini v\u0259 onlar bar\u0259d\u0259 m\u0259lumat\u0131n vahid informasiya bazas\u0131na yerl\u0259\u015fdirilm\u0259sini n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259 tutur. T\u0259nha ah\u0131llar\u0131n \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 himay\u0259\u00e7i v\u0259 q\u0259yyumlar\u0131n t\u0259yin olunmas\u0131 v\u0259 onlar\u0131n sosial xidm\u0259t \u00fczr\u0259 f\u0259aliyy\u0259tl\u0259rinin monitorinqinin apar\u0131lmas\u0131 bu g\u00fcn sosial xidm\u0259t sah\u0259sinin \u0259n aktual problemi olaraq qalmaqdad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u018fm\u0259k v\u0259 \u018fhalinin Sosial M\u00fcdafi\u0259si Nazirliyinin ah\u0131llarla ba\u011fl\u0131 verdiyi son m\u0259lumatdan g\u00f6runur ki, D\u00f6vl\u0259t Sosial M\u00fcdafi\u0259 Fondunun rayon (\u015f\u0259h\u0259r) \u015f\u00f6b\u0259l\u0259rinin sosial i\u015f\u00e7il\u0259ri t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n t\u0259nha ah\u0131llara v\u0259 \u0259m\u0259k qabiliyy\u0259ti olmayan (\u0259lill\u0259r\u0259) 10.448 n\u0259f\u0259r\u0259 evl\u0259rind\u0259 sosial xidm\u0259t g\u00f6st\u0259rilmi\u015fdir ki, bunun da 80%-ni, y\u0259ni 8358 n\u0259f\u0259rini ah\u0131l, ya\u015fl\u0131 insanlar t\u0259\u015fkil etmi\u015fdir. 2022-ci ilin \u0259vv\u0259lin\u0259 umumi \u0259halinin say\u0131na g\u00f6r\u0259 ya\u015fl\u0131 v\u0259 ah\u0131l \u015f\u0259xsl\u0259rin say g\u00f6st\u0259ricisi 756.4 min n\u0259f\u0259r t\u0259\u015fkil etdiyi t\u0259qdird\u0259 bu xidm\u0259tin n\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6st\u0259rici oldu\u011funu ayd\u0131n g\u00f6rm\u0259k olur [9].<\/p>\n

Dem\u0259li, D\u00f6vl\u0259t Sosial M\u00fcdafi\u0259 Fondunun rayon (\u015f\u0259h\u0259r) \u015f\u00f6b\u0259l\u0259rinin sosial i\u015f\u00e7il\u0259ri t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n g\u00f6st\u0259ril\u0259n xidm\u0259t yaln\u0131z onlara olunan m\u00fcraci\u0259tl\u0259r \u0259sas\u0131nda ba\u015f tutmu\u015fdur. M\u00fcraci\u0259t imkanlar\u0131 m\u0259hdud olan, el\u0259c\u0259 d\u0259 bu xidm\u0259tl\u0259rin g\u00f6st\u0259rilm\u0259si haqq\u0131nda m\u0259lumat\u0131 olmayan dig\u0259r ah\u0131l v\u0259 ya\u015fl\u0131 insanlar\u0131n sosial rifah\u0131 namin\u0259 d\u00f6vl\u0259t t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n g\u00f6st\u0259ril\u0259n xidm\u0259tl\u0259rin \u0259l\u00e7atanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 v\u0259 ehtiyac\u0131 olan insanlar\u0131n bu xidm\u0259tl\u0259rd\u0259n yararlanmas\u0131n\u0131n t\u0259min olunmas\u0131 sosial i\u015fl\u0259rin apar\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 z\u0259ruri edir.<\/p>\n

2022-ci ilin \u0259vv\u0259lin\u0259 \u00f6lk\u0259d\u0259 pensiya\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n \u00fcmumi say\u0131 1,229 min n\u0259f\u0259r olub ki, bunun da 13,0%-ni i\u015fl\u0259y\u0259n pensiya\u00e7\u0131lar, yerd\u0259 qalan 77,0%-ni is\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259m\u0259y\u0259n v\u0259 ya \u0259m\u0259k qabiliyy\u0259ti daha z\u0259if olanlar t\u0259\u015fkil edib. 2022-ci ilin \u0259vv\u0259lin\u0259 \u0259haliy\u0259 \u00f6d\u0259nil\u0259n pensiyalar\u0131n orta ayl\u0131q m\u0259bl\u0259\u011finin 302,2 manat oldu\u011funu n\u0259z\u0259r\u0259 alsaq, bu qrupa daxil olan \u015f\u0259xsl\u0259rin sosial-iqtisadi v\u0259ziyy\u0259ti \u0259halinin orta ayl\u0131q nominal \u0259m\u0259k haqq\u0131n\u0131n yar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131, y\u0259ni 42,7%-ni t\u0259\u015fkil edib. Bu is\u0259 o dem\u0259kdir ki, \u0259halinin \u0259m\u0259k qabiliyy\u0259ti z\u0259if olan t\u0259b\u0259q\u0259sinin \u2013 pensiya\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n iqtisadi v\u0259ziyy\u0259tin\u0259 uy\u011fun olaraq, onlara g\u00f6st\u0259ril\u0259n sosial xidm\u0259tl\u0259rin s\u0259viyy\u0259sinin y\u00fcks\u0259ldilm\u0259si v\u0259 vahid informasiya bazas\u0131n\u0131n yarad\u0131lmas\u0131 diqq\u0259t m\u0259rk\u0259zind\u0259 saxlan\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r [8].<\/p>\n

Ah\u0131l v\u0259t\u0259nda\u015flara evl\u0259rind\u0259, h\u0259m\u00e7inin ictimai yerl\u0259rd\u0259 qay\u011f\u0131 v\u0259 xidm\u0259t g\u00f6st\u0259rilm\u0259si i\u015finin t\u0259\u015fkili.<\/strong> Ah\u0131l v\u0259t\u0259nda\u015flara evl\u0259rind\u0259 h\u0259m\u00e7inin ictimai yerl\u0259rd\u0259 qay\u011f\u0131 v\u0259 xidm\u0259t g\u00f6st\u0259rilm\u0259si i\u015finin t\u0259\u015fkili qanunvericilikd\u0259 n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259 tutulan s\u0259lahiyy\u0259t \u0259sas\u0131nda \u018fm\u0259k v\u0259 \u018fhalinin Sosial M\u00fcdafi\u0259si Nazirliyinin tabeliyind\u0259 olan D\u00f6vl\u0259t Sosial M\u00fcdafi\u0259 Fondu v\u0259 son zamanlar yarad\u0131an Sosial Xidm\u0259tl\u0259r Agentliyi t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irilir. Eyni zamanda qeyri-h\u00f6kum\u0259t t\u0259\u015fkilatlar\u0131 v\u0259 yerli icra strukturlar\u0131, b\u0259l\u0259diyy\u0259l\u0259r v\u0259 imkanl\u0131 \u015f\u0259xsl\u0259r t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n d\u0259 ah\u0131l \u015f\u0259xsl\u0259rin evl\u0259rind\u0259 (s\u0259yyar) sosial-m\u0259i\u015f\u0259t, sosial-h\u00fcquqi xidm\u0259tl\u0259r g\u00f6st\u0259rilir. Lakin yuxar\u0131da qeyd olundu\u011fu kimi, ah\u0131llara v\u0259 ya\u015fl\u0131 insanlara d\u00f6vl\u0259t t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n g\u00f6st\u0259ril\u0259n xidm\u0259tin say g\u00f6st\u0259ricisinin a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 olmas\u0131n\u0131 n\u0259z\u0259r\u0259 alaraq, bu i\u015fin t\u0259\u015fkilin\u0259 f\u0259rqli yana\u015fman\u0131n vacib oldu\u011funu g\u00f6r\u00fcr\u00fck.<\/p>\n

Bel\u0259 ki, ah\u0131l v\u0259 ya\u015fl\u0131 \u015f\u0259xsl\u0259r\u0259 g\u00f6st\u0259ril\u0259n sosial xidm\u0259t t\u0259kc\u0259 onlar\u0131n g\u00fcnd\u0259lik m\u0259i\u015f\u0259t h\u0259yatlar\u0131n\u0131n t\u0259min olunmas\u0131 il\u0259 deyil, h\u0259m\u00e7inin sosial rifan\u0131n\u0131n yax\u015f\u0131la\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na t\u0259sir ed\u0259n m\u0259d\u0259ni-m\u0259n\u0259vi m\u00fcnasib\u0259tl\u0259rin qurulmas\u0131 il\u0259 d\u0259 m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259nl\u0259\u015fir. Bel\u0259 ki, \u201cAvropa Aktiv Ya\u015flanma \u0130ndeksi\u201dn\u0131n izah\u0131na g\u00f6r\u0259, \u201csosial s\u0259rmay\u0259\u201d ah\u0131l \u015f\u0259xsin, f\u0259rdin c\u0259miyy\u0259t\u0259 qatilma parametrl\u0259ri il\u0259 s\u0259ciyy\u0259l\u0259ndirilir [1]. Bu, onunla ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r ki, ah\u0131l \u015f\u0259xsin c\u0259miyy\u0259t\u0259 qat\u0131lma pay\u0131 v\u0259 onu geni\u015fl\u0259ndirm\u0259 imkanlar\u0131 d\u00f6rd \u0259sas elementl\u0259 \u015f\u0259rtl\u0259ndirilir:<\/p>\n