{"id":943,"date":"2023-10-04T12:41:32","date_gmt":"2023-10-04T08:41:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/socialresearchjournal.az\/?p=943"},"modified":"2023-10-04T12:41:32","modified_gmt":"2023-10-04T08:41:32","slug":"muasir-seraitde-pese-sosiallasmasinin-xususiyyetleri-ve-problemleri","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/socialresearchjournal.az\/index.php\/2023\/10\/04\/muasir-seraitde-pese-sosiallasmasinin-xususiyyetleri-ve-problemleri\/","title":{"rendered":"M\u00dcAS\u0130R \u015e\u018fRA\u0130TD\u018f PE\u015e\u018f SOS\u0130ALLA\u015eMASININ X\u00dcSUS\u0130YY\u018fTL\u018fR\u0130 V\u018f PROBLEML\u018fR\u0130"},"content":{"rendered":"

S\u00fcdab\u0259 HA\u015eIMOVA\u00a0 <\/strong><\/p>\n

Bak\u0131 D\u00f6vl\u0259t Universiteti Sosial elml\u0259r v\u0259 psixologiya fak\u00fclt\u0259sinin<\/em><\/p>\n

Sosiologiya kafedras\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fc\u0259llimi<\/em><\/p>\n

Bak\u0131, Az\u0259rbaycan<\/em><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n

E-mail: hashimova.sudaba@bk.ru<\/em><\/p>\n

ORCID: 0009-0003-9354-0152<\/em><\/p>\n

UOT- 316.42<\/em><\/p>\n

\n

X\u00fclas\u0259.<\/strong> Hal-haz\u0131rda \u015f\u0259xsiyy\u0259tin formala\u015fmas\u0131 prosesinin v\u0259 onun sosial m\u00fchitl\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ql\u0131 t\u0259sirinin \u00f6yr\u0259nilm\u0259si m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 aliml\u0259rin f\u0259rdin pe\u015f\u0259 sosialla\u015fmas\u0131na mara\u011f\u0131 kifay\u0259t q\u0259d\u0259r artm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r ki, bu da c\u0259miyy\u0259td\u0259ki v\u0259 m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259td\u0259ki d\u0259yi\u015fiklikl\u0259rl\u0259 \u015f\u0259rtl\u0259nir. \u015e\u0259xsiyy\u0259tin sosialla\u015fmas\u0131, formala\u015fmas\u0131 v\u0259 inki\u015faf\u0131 bir-biri il\u0259 \u0259laq\u0259li: \u00fcmumi sosialla\u015fma, pe\u015f\u0259-rol sosialla\u015fmas\u0131, pe\u015f\u0259karla\u015fma prosesl\u0259rind\u0259n ibar\u0259tdir. \u201cPe\u015f\u0259 sosialla\u015fmas\u0131\u201d prosesi vasit\u0259sil\u0259 insan m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n pe\u015f\u0259 d\u0259y\u0259rl\u0259rin\u0259 qo\u015fulur, pe\u015f\u0259 \u015f\u00fcurunu v\u0259 m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259tini formala\u015fd\u0131r\u0131r, pe\u015f\u0259 f\u0259aliyy\u0259tin\u0259 haz\u0131rla\u015f\u0131r. Pe\u015f\u0259 sosialla\u015fmas\u0131 insan\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn h\u0259yat\u0131 boyu davam edir. Pe\u015f\u0259 sosialla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n sosial aspekti sosial-pe\u015f\u0259 normalar\u0131n\u0131n m\u0259nims\u0259nilm\u0259sind\u0259n v\u0259 \u015f\u0259xsiyy\u0259tin pe\u015f\u0259 f\u0259aliyy\u0259tinin subyekti kimi formala\u015fmas\u0131ndan ibar\u0259tdir.<\/p>\n

M\u0259qal\u0259nin yaz\u0131lmas\u0131nda m\u0259qs\u0259d<\/em> pe\u015f\u0259 sosialla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n \u0259sas x\u00fcsusiyy\u0259tl\u0259rinin v\u0259 probleml\u0259rinin sosioloji t\u0259dqiqi v\u0259 m\u00fcasir \u015f\u0259raitd\u0259 refleksiyas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6yr\u0259nilm\u0259sind\u0259n ibar\u0259tdir. Ara\u015fd\u0131rman\u0131n apar\u0131c\u0131 prinsipl\u0259rini struktur funksionalizm, sistemli t\u0259hlil, n\u0259z\u0259ri \u00fcmumil\u0259\u015fdirm\u0259, induksiya, deduksiya, m\u00fcqayis\u0259 metodlar\u0131 t\u0259\u015fkil edir.<\/p>\n

M\u0259qal\u0259nin elmi yeniliyi <\/em>pe\u015f\u0259 sosialla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n sosial-pe\u015f\u0259 normalar\u0131n\u0131n m\u0259nims\u0259nilm\u0259si v\u0259 \u015f\u0259xsiyy\u0259tin pe\u015f\u0259 f\u0259aliyy\u0259tinin subyekti kimi formala\u015fmas\u0131 prosesl\u0259rinin kompleks \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 t\u0259dqiq edilm\u0259sidir.<\/p>\n

T\u0259dqiqat\u0131n \u0259sas m\u00fcdd\u0259alar\u0131 v\u0259 n\u0259tic\u0259l\u0259ri <\/em>orta \u00fcmumt\u0259hsil m\u0259kt\u0259bl\u0259rind\u0259, ali m\u0259kt\u0259bl\u0259rd\u0259, m\u0259\u015f\u011fulluq xidm\u0259tl\u0259rind\u0259 pe\u015f\u0259y\u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fc i\u015finin effektivliyinin y\u00fcks\u0259ldilm\u0259si \u00fczr\u0259 proqramlar\u0131n i\u015fl\u0259nib haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131nda istifad\u0259 edil\u0259 bil\u0259r.<\/p>\n

A\u00e7ar s\u00f6zl\u0259r:<\/strong> pe\u015f\u0259 sosialla\u015fmas\u0131, pe\u015f\u0259karla\u015fma, sosial-pe\u015f\u0259 m\u00fchiti, pe\u015f\u0259 \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fct\u0259rbiy\u0259si, pe\u015f\u0259 m\u00fcnasib\u0259tl\u0259ri, pe\u015f\u0259 f\u0259aliyy\u0259ti, pe\u015f\u0259 se\u00e7imi<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Giri\u015f<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Sosialla\u015fma problemi sosiologiyada \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tli m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259n biridir. Bel\u0259 ki, o, c\u0259miyy\u0259tin \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcyenil\u0259m\u0259sini t\u0259min edir. Bu prosesin u\u011furundan yeni n\u0259sill\u0259rin \u0259vv\u0259lki n\u0259sill\u0259rin t\u0259cr\u00fcb\u0259sini, bacar\u0131qlar\u0131n\u0131, d\u0259y\u0259rl\u0259rini t\u0259hvil ala, ictimai m\u00fcnasib\u0259tl\u0259r sistemind\u0259 onlar\u0131n yerini tuta bilm\u0259l\u0259ri as\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r. U\u011furlu sosialla\u015fma insan\u0131n effektli sosial adaptasiyas\u0131, h\u0259m\u00e7inin onun \u015f\u0259xsi inki\u015faf\u0131na, \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrealla\u015fd\u0131rmas\u0131na, \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fct\u0259sdiql\u0259m\u0259sin\u0259 mane olan c\u0259miyy\u0259t\u0259, h\u0259yat situasiyalar\u0131na m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259d\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 durmaq bacar\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

M\u00fcasir d\u00fcnyada \u00f6z\u00fcnd\u0259 \u0259n y\u00fcks\u0259k dinamizmi v\u0259 universal xarakteri birl\u0259\u015fdir\u0259n \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tli d\u0259yi\u015fiklikl\u0259r ba\u015f verir. Reall\u0131q g\u00f6st\u0259rir ki, \u015f\u0259xsiyy\u0259tin sosial t\u0259\u015f\u0259kk\u00fcl\u00fc v\u0259 inki\u015faf\u0131 qanunauy\u011funluqlar\u0131n\u0131n v\u0259 ziddiyy\u0259tl\u0259rinin yaln\u0131z m\u0259qs\u0259dy\u00f6nl\u00fc kompleks \u00f6yr\u0259nilm\u0259si sosialla\u015fma v\u0259 pe\u015f\u0259karla\u015fma prosesl\u0259rinin t\u0259nziml\u0259nm\u0259si v\u0259 bu prosesl\u0259rin idar\u0259 edilm\u0259si \u00fczr\u0259 t\u0259dbirl\u0259rin h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irilm\u0259si \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn elmi \u0259sas yarad\u0131r. M\u00fcasir sosiom\u0259d\u0259ni \u015f\u0259raitin t\u0259hlili pe\u015f\u0259 sosialla\u015fmas\u0131 v\u0259 pe\u015f\u0259karla\u015fma il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 miqyas\u0131na g\u00f6r\u0259 m\u00fcxt\u0259lif meyill\u0259ri f\u0259rql\u0259n\u0259dirm\u0259y\u0259 imkan verir. Hal-haz\u0131rda \u015f\u0259xsiyy\u0259tin formala\u015fmas\u0131 prosesinin v\u0259 onun sosial m\u00fchitl\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ql\u0131 t\u0259sirinin \u00f6yr\u0259nilm\u0259sind\u0259 aliml\u0259rin f\u0259rdin pe\u015f\u0259 sosialla\u015fmas\u0131na mara\u011f\u0131 kifay\u0259t q\u0259d\u0259r artm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r ki, bu da c\u0259miyy\u0259td\u0259ki v\u0259 m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259td\u0259ki d\u0259yi\u015fiklikl\u0259rl\u0259 \u015f\u0259rtl\u0259nir. S\u00fcr\u0259tl\u0259 d\u0259yi\u015f\u0259n sosial-pe\u015f\u0259 m\u00fchiti \u015f\u0259raitind\u0259 sosialla\u015fma sxeminin d\u0259yi\u015film\u0259si ba\u015f verir: \u0259n\u0259n\u0259vi k\u00f6kl\u00fc formalara oriyentasiya v\u0259 pe\u015f\u0259 sosialla\u015fmas\u0131 \u00fcsullar\u0131 daha az effektli olur v\u0259 c\u0259miyy\u0259tin t\u0259krar istehsal\u0131 prosesini tam t\u0259min ed\u0259 bilmir. Bununla \u0259laq\u0259dar bu prosesl\u0259rin konseptual, metodoloji, n\u0259z\u0259ri t\u0259minat\u0131n\u0131n g\u0259l\u0259c\u0259k inki\u015faf\u0131 z\u0259rur\u0259ti yaran\u0131r [12, s.145].<\/p>\n

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\u018fsas m\u0259tn <\/strong><\/p>\n

Sosialla\u015fma prosesl\u0259rinin u\u011furunun \u0259n m\u00fch\u00fcm g\u00f6st\u0259ricisi sosialla\u015fma subyektinin \u00f6z f\u0259all\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. Sosialla\u015fm\u0131\u015f insan informasiyan\u0131, d\u0259y\u0259rl\u0259ri, v\u0259rdi\u015fl\u0259ri passiv q\u0259bul etmir, onu f\u0259al t\u0259tbiq edir v\u0259 d\u0259yi\u015fdirir. Bel\u0259 ki, \u0259g\u0259r c\u0259miyy\u0259t pe\u015f\u0259 sferas\u0131nda sosialla\u015fma prosesind\u0259 insan\u0131 pe\u015f\u0259kar kimi yarad\u0131rsa, burada sosialla\u015fan f\u0259rd m\u00f6vcud struktur v\u0259 m\u00fcnasib\u0259tl\u0259rin inki\u015faf\u0131na yarad\u0131c\u0131 t\u0259sir edir, c\u0259miyy\u0259tin \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc yenil\u0259yir. F\u0259rd yaln\u0131z pe\u015f\u0259 m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259tini m\u0259nims\u0259mir v\u0259 q\u0259bul etmir, h\u0259m d\u0259 \u0259m\u0259k bazar\u0131nda ba\u015f ver\u0259n d\u0259yi\u015fiklikl\u0259rl\u0259, x\u00fcsus\u0259n d\u0259 yeni pe\u015f\u0259l\u0259rin yaranmas\u0131 il\u0259 \u0259laq\u0259dar olaraq pe\u015f\u0259 m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259tinin \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn modelin\u0259 d\u0259yi\u015fiklikl\u0259r edir. Bu, bir \u00e7ox t\u0259dqiqatlarla t\u0259sdiql\u0259nir [9; 10; 12].<\/p>\n

\u015e\u0259xsiyy\u0259tin sosialla\u015fmas\u0131, formala\u015fmas\u0131 v\u0259 inki\u015faf\u0131na bir-biri il\u0259 \u0259laq\u0259li \u00fc\u00e7 proses daxildir, bunlar: \u00fcmumi sosialla\u015fma, pe\u015f\u0259-rol sosialla\u015fmas\u0131 (insan\u0131n pe\u015f\u0259-rol funksiyalar\u0131na, normalar\u0131na, m\u00fcnasib\u0259tl\u0259rin\u0259 yiy\u0259l\u0259nm\u0259si), pe\u015f\u0259karla\u015fmad\u0131r (pe\u015f\u0259 f\u0259aliyy\u0259tin\u0259, ixtisasa, pe\u015f\u0259 ustal\u0131\u011f\u0131na yiy\u0259l\u0259nm\u0259nin m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259si) [7, s.97-101].<\/p>\n

B\u0259zi t\u0259dqiqat\u00e7\u0131lar \u00fcmumi sosialla\u015fman\u0131 f\u0259rdin u\u015faql\u0131qda m\u0259ruz qald\u0131\u011f\u0131 ilkin sosialla\u015fmaya aid edirl\u0259r. \u0130kinci sosialla\u015fma ondan ibar\u0259tdir ki, art\u0131q sosialla\u015fm\u0131\u015f f\u0259rd obyektiv al\u0259min yeni sah\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 qo\u015fulur, bununla \u0259laq\u0259li olaraq ikinci sosialla\u015fma \u201crollar\u0131n birba\u015fa v\u0259 ya dolay\u0131sil\u0259 \u0259m\u0259k b\u00f6lg\u00fcs\u00fc il\u0259 \u0259laq\u0259li oldu\u011fu zaman spesifik rol biliyinin qazan\u0131lmas\u0131\u201d kimi \u00e7\u0131x\u0131\u015f edir [13, s.15].<\/p>\n

Bu bax\u0131mdan insan\u0131n c\u0259miyy\u0259td\u0259ki \u00f6z yeri haqq\u0131ndak\u0131 m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259nin h\u0259llind\u0259 g\u0259ncl\u0259rin pe\u015f\u0259 se\u00e7imin\u0259 v\u0259 onun \u0259ld\u0259 edilm\u0259sin\u0259 d\u0259y\u0259r m\u00fcnasib\u0259ti m\u00fcst\u0259sna olaraq m\u00fch\u00fcm \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259t k\u0259sb edir. \u00c7\u00fcnki \u015f\u0259xsiyy\u0259t c\u0259miyy\u0259tin yenid\u0259n qurulmas\u0131nda \u00f6z yerini v\u0259 rolunu yaln\u0131z bu v\u0259 ya dig\u0259r ixtisasla ba\u011fl\u0131 olan \u00f6z \u0259m\u0259yi vasit\u0259sil\u0259 m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n v\u0259 t\u0259sdiq ed\u0259 bil\u0259r. Pe\u015f\u0259karl\u0131q – pe\u015f\u0259-rol sosialla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n davam\u0131 olan sosialla\u015fman\u0131n pill\u0259sidir. O, t\u0259cr\u00fcbi f\u0259aliyy\u0259td\u0259 m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n bacar\u0131qlara v\u0259 pe\u015f\u0259karl\u0131\u011fa yiy\u0259l\u0259nm\u0259nin n\u0259tic\u0259sini ifad\u0259 edir. Konkret insan \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn pe\u015f\u0259 – c\u0259miyy\u0259t t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n sosial sabitl\u0259\u015fdirilmi\u015f onun m\u00fcmk\u00fcn \u0259m\u0259k f\u0259aliyy\u0259tinin sah\u0259si, dolan\u0131\u015f\u0131q m\u0259nb\u0259yi v\u0259 \u015f\u0259xsi \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrealla\u015fd\u0131rma vasit\u0259sidir. Pe\u015f\u0259-rol sosialla\u015fmas\u0131 bu m\u0259rh\u0259l\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259n ibar\u0259tdir [7, s.97-101]:<\/p>\n

– pe\u015f\u0259 oriyentasiyas\u0131;<\/p>\n

– pe\u015f\u0259 niyy\u0259tl\u0259rinin formala\u015fmas\u0131;<\/p>\n

– pe\u015f\u0259 se\u00e7imi;<\/p>\n

– pe\u015f\u0259 se\u00e7iminin m\u00f6hk\u0259ml\u0259ndirilm\u0259si;<\/p>\n

– pe\u015f\u0259y\u0259 aktiv v\u0259 \u015f\u00fcurlu yiy\u0259l\u0259nm\u0259;<\/p>\n

– \u0259ld\u0259 edilmi\u015f pe\u015f\u0259 \u00fczr\u0259 m\u0259hsuldar yarad\u0131c\u0131 \u0259m\u0259k f\u0259aliyy\u0259ti;<\/p>\n

– \u0259lav\u0259 t\u0259hsilin \u0259ld\u0259 edilm\u0259si yolu il\u0259 \u00f6z pe\u015f\u0259 diapazonunun geni\u015fl\u0259ndirilm\u0259si c\u0259hdi;<\/p>\n

– pe\u015f\u0259 ustal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fcks\u0259k s\u0259viyy\u0259sinin \u0259ld\u0259 edilm\u0259sin\u0259 ustanovka;<\/p>\n

– xidm\u0259ti ir\u0259lil\u0259m\u0259y\u0259 can atma;<\/p>\n

– qar\u0131\u015f\u0131q pe\u015f\u0259nin m\u0259nims\u0259nilm\u0259sin\u0259 haz\u0131rl\u0131q;<\/p>\n

– yeni pe\u015f\u0259nin f\u0259al m\u0259nims\u0259nilm\u0259si;<\/p>\n

– pe\u015f\u0259 t\u0259cr\u00fcb\u0259sinin h\u0259mkarlara v\u0259 g\u0259ncl\u0259r\u0259 \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fclm\u0259si.<\/p>\n

Qeyd etm\u0259k laz\u0131md\u0131r ki, pe\u015f\u0259 sosialla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n yuxar\u0131da g\u00f6st\u0259ril\u0259n m\u0259rh\u0259l\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259n h\u0259r biri \u00fcmumi m\u0259qs\u0259dl\u0259 birl\u0259\u015fmi\u015f, bir-biri il\u0259 \u0259laq\u0259li \u00fcns\u00fcrl\u0259rd\u0259n ibar\u0259t olduqca m\u00fcr\u0259kk\u0259b bir sistemdir.<\/p>\n

Pe\u015f\u0259 sosialla\u015fmas\u0131 prosesi v\u0259 pe\u015f\u0259karla\u015fma prosesi m\u0259nas\u0131na g\u00f6r\u0259 yax\u0131n hesab edilir. Pe\u015f\u0259 sosialla\u015fmas\u0131 prosesind\u0259 f\u0259rd m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n pe\u015f\u0259 roluna qo\u015fulur v\u0259 bu rolla ba\u011fl\u0131 olan sosial statusun da\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 olur. Pe\u015f\u0259 sosialla\u015fmas\u0131 insan\u0131n pe\u015f\u0259d\u0259ki \u015f\u0259xsi m\u0259nan\u0131, pe\u015f\u0259 stratifikasiyas\u0131nda \u00f6z yerini tapma\u011f\u0131, pe\u015f\u0259 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnc\u0259sinin, pe\u015f\u0259 identikliyinin formala\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259 tutur [3, s.345-356]. Pe\u015f\u0259 sosialla\u015fmas\u0131 prosesi daha \u0259hat\u0259lidir v\u0259 m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n bilik v\u0259 bacar\u0131qlar\u0131n \u0259ld\u0259 edilm\u0259si il\u0259 m\u0259hdudla\u015fm\u0131r. O, insan\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn h\u0259yat\u0131 boyu davam edir. Pe\u015f\u0259 sosialla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n sosial aspekti sosial-pe\u015f\u0259 normalar\u0131n\u0131n m\u0259nims\u0259nilm\u0259sind\u0259n v\u0259 \u015f\u0259xsiyy\u0259tin pe\u015f\u0259 f\u0259aliyy\u0259tinin subyekti kimi formala\u015fmas\u0131ndan ibar\u0259tdir. Pe\u015f\u0259 sosialla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n u\u011furu insan\u0131n pe\u015f\u0259 birliyin\u0259 v\u0259 bunun vasit\u0259sil\u0259 – b\u00fct\u00f6vl\u00fckd\u0259 c\u0259miyy\u0259t\u0259 inteqrasiyas\u0131nda \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6st\u0259rir [14] .<\/p>\n

Pe\u015f\u0259karla\u015fma \u015f\u0259xsiyy\u0259tin sosialla\u015fmas\u0131 prosesinin ayr\u0131lmaz hiss\u0259sidir; bu, prosesin ikinci m\u0259rh\u0259l\u0259sin\u0259 – ikinci sosialla\u015fmaya aiddir. Pe\u015f\u0259karla\u015fma prosesi n\u0259 zaman, n\u0259 d\u0259 t\u0259\u015fkilati \u00e7\u0259r\u00e7iv\u0259l\u0259rl\u0259 m\u0259hdudla\u015f\u0131r. Bu m\u0259rh\u0259l\u0259d\u0259 pe\u015f\u0259karla\u015fman\u0131n \u0259sas formas\u0131 pe\u015f\u0259 \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fct\u0259rbiy\u0259si (\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fct\u0259hsil) olur, y\u0259ni ikinci sosialla\u015fman\u0131n agenti ail\u0259, m\u0259kt\u0259b, ali t\u0259hsil m\u00fc\u0259ssis\u0259si deyil, pe\u015f\u0259 f\u0259aliyy\u0259tinin subyekti \u00f6z\u00fc olur. \u015e\u0259xsiyy\u0259tin inki\u015faf\u0131n\u0131n bu m\u0259rh\u0259l\u0259sind\u0259 pe\u015f\u0259 \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcd\u0259rkin formala\u015fmas\u0131, f\u0259rdin daxili \u015f\u0259xsiyy\u0259t strukturlar\u0131n\u0131n inki\u015faf\u0131 ba\u015f verir. \u0130kinci sosialla\u015fman\u0131n agentl\u0259ri kimi h\u0259m\u00e7inin insan\u0131n i\u015fl\u0259diyi t\u0259\u015fkilatlar\u0131n \u0259m\u0259k kollektivl\u0259ri \u00e7\u0131x\u0131\u015f edir. Subyektin pe\u015f\u0259 f\u0259aliyy\u0259ti birba\u015fa t\u0259\u015fkilat\u0131n daxilind\u0259 h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irilir, pe\u015f\u0259 m\u00fchitinin t\u0259siri alt\u0131nda subyektin pe\u015f\u0259 axlaq\u0131n\u0131n formala\u015fmas\u0131 ba\u015f verir.<\/p>\n

\u0130st\u0259nil\u0259n sosial proses kimi pe\u015f\u0259karla\u015fma c\u0259miyy\u0259tin, bu v\u0259 ya dig\u0259r norma v\u0259 d\u0259y\u0259rl\u0259rin, sosial-iqtisadi hadis\u0259l\u0259rin v\u0259 d\u0259yi\u015fiklikl\u0259rin t\u0259siri olmadan ba\u015f ver\u0259 bilm\u0259z. C\u0259miyy\u0259t m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n d\u0259y\u0259rl\u0259ri formala\u015fd\u0131raraq, t\u0259sdiq ed\u0259r\u0259k v\u0259 m\u00f6hk\u0259ml\u0259ndir\u0259r\u0259k insanlar\u0131n h\u0259yat f\u0259aliyy\u0259tinin \u00fcmumi istiqam\u0259tini m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n edir.<\/p>\n

Pe\u015f\u0259 sosialla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n mahiyy\u0259ti ondan ibar\u0259tdir ki, bu prosesd\u0259 f\u0259rd m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n pe\u015f\u0259 roluna qo\u015fulur v\u0259 bu rolla \u0259laq\u0259li sosial statusun da\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 olur. Pe\u015f\u0259 sosialla\u015fmas\u0131 insan\u0131n pe\u015f\u0259d\u0259ki \u015f\u0259xsi m\u0259nan\u0131, pe\u015f\u0259 stratifikasiyas\u0131nda \u00f6z yerini tapmas\u0131n\u0131, pe\u015f\u0259 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnc\u0259sinin, pe\u015f\u0259 identikliyinin formala\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259 tutur [3, s.345-356]. Pe\u015f\u0259 sosialla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n u\u011furu insan\u0131n pe\u015f\u0259 birliyin\u0259 v\u0259 bunun vasit\u0259sil\u0259 b\u00fct\u00f6vl\u00fckd\u0259 c\u0259miyy\u0259t\u0259 inteqrasiyas\u0131nda \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6st\u0259rir. Pe\u015f\u0259 t\u0259hsilinin sosialla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 n\u0259tic\u0259si insan\u0131n \u0259traf al\u0259m\u0259, m\u0259nims\u0259diyi pe\u015f\u0259y\u0259, \u00f6z \u00f6z\u00fcn\u0259 sosial d\u0259y\u0259r m\u00fcnasib\u0259tl\u0259rinin sabit sistemi kimi \u00e7\u0131x\u0131\u015f edir.<\/p>\n

Pe\u015f\u0259 sosialla\u015fmas\u0131 – m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n bilikl\u0259ri, d\u0259y\u0259rl\u0259ri, ustanovkalar\u0131 v\u0259 psixoloji x\u00fcsusiyy\u0259tl\u0259ri olan, art\u0131q formala\u015fm\u0131\u015f \u015f\u0259xsl\u0259rin ke\u00e7diyi sosialla\u015fman\u0131n m\u0259rh\u0259l\u0259sidir. Pe\u015f\u0259y\u0259 daxil olma m\u0259rh\u0259l\u0259si h\u0259mi\u015f\u0259 \u00e7ox \u00e7\u0259tindir. Yetkin insan \u015f\u0259xsi d\u0259y\u0259rl\u0259r sistemini t\u0259\u015fkilat\u0131n, istehsal kollektivinin korporativ m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259tinin \u0259sas\u0131n\u0131 t\u0259\u015fkil ed\u0259n korporativ d\u0259y\u0259rl\u0259rl\u0259 uy\u011funla\u015fd\u0131rma z\u0259rur\u0259ti il\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131r. Korporativ m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259t t\u0259\u015fkilat kollektivinin \u00fczvl\u0259rinin \u0259ks\u0259riyy\u0259ti t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n q\u0259bul edil\u0259n v\u0259 payla\u015f\u0131lan davran\u0131\u015f modell\u0259ri v\u0259 n\u00fcmun\u0259l\u0259rinin m\u0259cmusu kimi m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n edilir. Korporativ m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259tin \u0259sas\u0131nda m\u0259n\u0259vi norma v\u0259 qaydalardan ibar\u0259t olan m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n kodeks, t\u0259\u015fkilat\u0131n m\u0259qs\u0259dl\u0259rini, v\u0259zif\u0259l\u0259rini v\u0259 inki\u015faf perspektivl\u0259rini m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n ed\u0259n ideologiya dayan\u0131r. \u0130dealda t\u0259\u015fkilatda i\u015f\u0259 q\u0259bul edil\u0259n \u015f\u0259xs komandaya aid oldu\u011funu v\u0259 kollektivd\u0259 \u00f6z m\u00f6vqeyini hiss etm\u0259li, qurulmu\u015f liderlik v\u0259 kommunikasiya sistemini, pe\u015f\u0259 davran\u0131\u015f\u0131 stereotipl\u0259rini, m\u0259rasiml\u0259r v\u0259 qada\u011falar sistemini q\u0259bul etm\u0259lidir. M\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n psixoloji x\u00fcsusiyy\u0259tl\u0259ri olan yetkin insanlarda korporativ m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259tin \u0259saslar\u0131n\u0131n v\u0259 yeni pe\u015f\u0259 v\u0259zif\u0259l\u0259rinin m\u0259nims\u0259nilm\u0259si prosesi \u00e7\u0259tin ola bil\u0259r. Yetkin \u015f\u0259xsin psixoloji statusunu xarakteriz\u0259 ed\u0259n m\u00fcst\u0259qillik v\u0259 t\u0259nqidilik ona t\u0259\u015fkilat t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n t\u0259klif edil\u0259n d\u0259y\u0259rl\u0259r\u0259 zidd ola bil\u0259r [8, s.109-113]. Menecment n\u0259z\u0259riyy\u0259sinin v\u0259 t\u0259\u015fkilati psixologiya elminin yarad\u0131c\u0131s\u0131, amerika alimi Edqar \u015eeyn f\u0259rdin s\u0259naye sosialla\u015fmas\u0131na reaksiyas\u0131n\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn tipini f\u0259rql\u0259ndirir:<\/p>\n

– etiraz<\/em> – b\u00fct\u00fcn d\u0259y\u0259r v\u0259 normalardan imtina edilm\u0259si;<\/p>\n

– yarad\u0131c\u0131 f\u0259rdiyy\u0259t\u00e7ilik<\/em> – yaln\u0131z \u0259sas d\u0259y\u0259r v\u0259 normalar\u0131n q\u0259bul edilm\u0259si;<\/p>\n

– konformizm<\/em> – yarad\u0131c\u0131 potensial\u0131 \u0259z\u0259n b\u00fct\u00fcn d\u0259y\u0259r v\u0259 normalar\u0131n qeyd – \u015f\u0259rtsiz q\u0259bul edilm\u0259si [18, s.200].<\/p>\n

Dig\u0259r t\u0259r\u0259fd\u0259n, m\u00fct\u0259x\u0259ssisin, pe\u015f\u0259kar\u0131n formala\u015fmas\u0131 prosesin\u0259 korporativ m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259tin m\u00fcsb\u0259t t\u0259sirini qeyd etm\u0259k olar. O, yeni i\u015f\u0259 ba\u015flayan m\u00fct\u0259x\u0259ssis\u0259 kollektiv\u0259 tez uy\u011funla\u015fma\u011fa imkan verir, ona m\u00fcsb\u0259t imic yaratma\u011fa k\u00f6m\u0259k edir, qar\u015f\u0131ya qoyulmu\u015f m\u0259qs\u0259d v\u0259 v\u0259zif\u0259l\u0259rin yerin\u0259 yetirilm\u0259sin\u0259 h\u0259v\u0259sl\u0259ndirir [8, s.111].<\/p>\n

Bel\u0259likl\u0259, pe\u015f\u0259 sosialla\u015fmas\u0131 – pe\u015f\u0259 m\u00fcnasib\u0259tl\u0259ri v\u0259 pe\u015f\u0259 f\u0259aliyy\u0259ti il\u0259 \u0259laq\u0259li sosial qar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ql\u0131 t\u0259sirl\u0259rin daxil oldu\u011fu \u00e7ox\u015fax\u0259li sosial hadis\u0259dir. O, pe\u015f\u0259kar \u015f\u0259xsiyy\u0259tin v\u0259 onun pe\u015f\u0259 m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259tinin inki\u015faf\u0131na y\u00f6n\u0259lmi\u015fdir. Pe\u015f\u0259 sosialla\u015fmas\u0131 institusional, qrup v\u0259 \u015f\u0259xsiyy\u0259t s\u0259viyy\u0259sind\u0259 ba\u015f verir.<\/p>\n

Pe\u015f\u0259 sosialla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n u\u011furu \u0259sas\u0259n f\u0259rdin m\u0259nsub oldu\u011fu sosial t\u0259b\u0259q\u0259 il\u0259 m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n edilir. Pe\u015f\u0259 se\u00e7imind\u0259 azadl\u0131q d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259si bundan as\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r. Bu prosesin u\u011furu \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn ba\u015fqa bir meyar kimi \u015f\u0259xsiyy\u0259t v\u0259 c\u0259miyy\u0259t aras\u0131nda qar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ql\u0131 t\u0259sirin f\u0259rdi-d\u0259y\u0259r mexanizmi \u00e7\u0131x\u0131\u015f ed\u0259 bil\u0259r. M\u00fcasir c\u0259miyy\u0259tin f\u0259rql\u0259ndirici x\u00fcsusiyy\u0259ti g\u0259ncl\u0259rin \u00f6z pe\u015f\u0259 m\u00fcq\u0259dd\u0259rat\u0131n\u0131 t\u0259yin ed\u0259 bilm\u0259m\u0259sidir ki, bu da \u015f\u0259xsiyy\u0259tin v\u0259 onun sosial inki\u015faf\u0131n\u0131n t\u0259m\u0259lini t\u0259\u015fkil edir. F\u0259rdi-\u015f\u0259xsi x\u00fcsusiyy\u0259tl\u0259r, m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n bir sosial qrupa m\u0259nsubiyy\u0259t, el\u0259c\u0259 d\u0259 gender f\u0259rql\u0259ri \u00f6z pe\u015f\u0259 m\u00fcq\u0259dd\u0259rat\u0131n\u0131 m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259nl\u0259\u015fdirm\u0259nin m\u00fcdd\u0259tin\u0259 t\u0259sir g\u00f6st\u0259r\u0259n amill\u0259rdir. H\u0259r bir f\u0259rdin sosial b\u00f6y\u00fcm\u0259 m\u00fcdd\u0259ti f\u0259rqli oldu\u011fundan, m\u00fcxt\u0259lif \u015f\u0259xsl\u0259rin pe\u015f\u0259 m\u00fcq\u0259dd\u0259rat\u0131n\u0131 m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259nl\u0259\u015fdirm\u0259si m\u00fcxt\u0259lif ya\u015flarda ba\u015f ver\u0259 bil\u0259r. Pe\u015f\u0259 m\u00fcq\u0259dd\u0259rat\u0131n\u0131 m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n etm\u0259d\u0259 f\u0259rq eyni zamanda m\u00fcxt\u0259lif sosial t\u0259b\u0259q\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259n \u00e7\u0131xm\u0131\u015f insanlar v\u0259 ya onlar\u0131n cinsi m\u0259nsubiyy\u0259tind\u0259n as\u0131l\u0131 olaraq yarana bil\u0259r [11, s. 51-53]. Bu g\u00fcn Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n sosial-\u0259m\u0259k reall\u0131\u011f\u0131nda g\u0259ncl\u0259rin ald\u0131qlar\u0131 ixtisasa uy\u011fun olaraq \u0259m\u0259k bazar\u0131nda pe\u015f\u0259 m\u00fcq\u0259dd\u0259rat\u0131n\u0131 m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259nl\u0259\u015fdirm\u0259sinin d\u0259qiq sisteminin olmamas\u0131 \u0259n aktual probleml\u0259rd\u0259n biri olaraq qalmaqdad\u0131r. N\u0259tic\u0259d\u0259 \u00f6lk\u0259d\u0259 g\u0259ncl\u0259rin b\u00f6y\u00fck \u0259ks\u0259riyy\u0259ti pe\u015f\u0259 c\u0259h\u0259td\u0259n m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259nl\u0259\u015f\u0259r\u0259k \u00f6z \u0259m\u0259k t\u0259l\u0259batlar\u0131n\u0131 ali m\u0259kt\u0259bd\u0259 ald\u0131qlar\u0131 ixtisas \u00fczr\u0259 deyil, \u0259sas\u0259n m\u00fct\u0259x\u0259ssisl\u0259rin \u0259m\u0259yinin az v\u0259 ya \u00e7ox d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259d\u0259 adekvat \u00f6d\u0259nildiyi d\u00f6vl\u0259t sektorunda t\u0259min edir. A\u015fa\u011f\u0131 \u0259m\u0259khaqq\u0131, laz\u0131mi t\u0259cr\u00fcb\u0259 v\u0259 i\u015f bacar\u0131qlar\u0131n\u0131n olmamas\u0131 v\u0259 \u0259m\u0259k bazar\u0131nda t\u0259klifin defisitliyi – g\u0259ncl\u0259rin ixtisas \u00fczr\u0259 i\u015fd\u0259n imtina etm\u0259sinin \u0259sas s\u0259b\u0259bl\u0259rind\u0259n biridir ki, bunlar da g\u0259ncl\u0259rimizd\u0259 i\u015f\u0259 d\u00fcz\u0259lm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn alternativ variantlar\u0131n t\u0259rbiy\u0259 edilm\u0259sin\u0259 s\u0259b\u0259b olur. Lakin bu variant ali m\u0259kt\u0259bd\u0259 \u0259ld\u0259 olunmu\u015f n\u0259z\u0259ri v\u0259 praktiki bilikl\u0259rin t\u0259l\u0259b olunmamas\u0131, pe\u015f\u0259 bacar\u0131qlar\u0131n\u0131n itirilm\u0259si, g\u0259nc m\u00fct\u0259x\u0259ssisl\u0259rd\u0259 se\u00e7dikl\u0259ri pe\u015f\u0259 \u00e7\u0259r\u00e7iv\u0259sind\u0259 pe\u015f\u0259 m\u00fcq\u0259dd\u0259rat\u0131n\u0131 m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259nl\u0259\u015fdirilm\u0259si prosesinin q\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 kimi probleml\u0259rl\u0259 m\u00fc\u015fayi\u0259t olunur.<\/p>\n

Sosial qrup kimi bu g\u00fcn g\u0259ncl\u0259rin qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda t\u0259hsild\u0259n pe\u015f\u0259 f\u0259aliyy\u0259tin\u0259 ke\u00e7id m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259si var. G\u0259ncl\u0259r sosial-\u0259m\u0259k m\u00fcnasib\u0259tl\u0259rinin t\u0259nziml\u0259nm\u0259sinin yeni mexanizmini n\u0259z\u0259r\u0259 almal\u0131d\u0131rlar. Bu mexanizm\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259, muzdlu i\u015f\u00e7i i\u015f\u0259g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u0259nl\u0259 birlikd\u0259 yaln\u0131z sosial-\u0259m\u0259k m\u00fcnasib\u0259tl\u0259rinin obyekti deyil, f\u0259al subyekti olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bu bax\u0131mdan, g\u0259nc m\u00fct\u0259x\u0259ssisl\u0259rin t\u0259hsil s\u0259viyy\u0259si il\u0259 ixtisaslar\u0131 aras\u0131nda uy\u011funsuzluq problemi var.<\/p>\n

Sosial-iqtisadi m\u00fcnasib\u0259tl\u0259r sferas\u0131nda subyektivliyin formala\u015fmas\u0131 amili kimi g\u0259ncl\u0259rin \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrealla\u015fd\u0131rmas\u0131 prosesi m\u00fclkiyy\u0259t fomas\u0131, h\u0259yat situasiyas\u0131 il\u0259 m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n edilir. Hal-haz\u0131rda h\u0259r bir ikinci, x\u00fcsusil\u0259 qeyri-d\u00f6vl\u0259t sah\u0259sind\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259y\u0259nl\u0259r \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn t\u0259hsilin faktiki i\u015f\u0259 uy\u011funsuzlu\u011fu problemi aktuald\u0131r. \u018fks\u0259r sah\u0259l\u0259r v\u0259 pe\u015f\u0259 qruplar\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn xarakterik v\u0259ziyy\u0259t h\u0259l\u0259 d\u0259 davam edir, bu zaman \u0259m\u0259yin m\u00fckafatland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 yerin\u0259 yetiril\u0259n pe\u015f\u0259 funksiyalar\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fcr\u0259kk\u0259bliyin\u0259 uy\u011fun g\u0259lmir. G\u0259ncl\u0259r \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn bu uy\u011funsuzluq h\u0259m d\u0259 g\u0259nc i\u015f\u00e7il\u0259rin ya\u015f diskriminasiyas\u0131na \u0259saslan\u0131r. Ya\u015f f\u0259rdl\u0259rin \u0259m\u0259k f\u0259aliyy\u0259tinin b\u00fct\u00fcn d\u00f6vrl\u0259rini (sosial-\u0259m\u0259k m\u00fcnasib\u0259tl\u0259rin\u0259 ba\u015flayandan sonrak\u0131 pe\u015f\u0259 sosialla\u015fmas\u0131, \u0259m\u0259k karyeras\u0131 v\u0259 n\u0259hay\u0259t, t\u0259qa\u00fcd\u0259 \u00e7\u0131xanad\u0259k) \u00f6nc\u0259d\u0259n m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n etdiyind\u0259n o, pe\u015f\u0259 davran\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n x\u00fcsusiyy\u0259tl\u0259rini \u015f\u0259rtl\u0259ndirir ki, bu da m\u00fcxt\u0259lif ya\u015f qruplar\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fcxt\u0259lif t\u0259l\u0259batlara, sosial-\u0259m\u0259k v\u0259 d\u0259y\u0259rl\u0259r istiqam\u0259tin\u0259 malik olmas\u0131nda \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6st\u0259rir. Ya\u015f sa\u011flaml\u0131q v\u0259ziyy\u0259tind\u0259, asud\u0259 vaxt\u0131n ke\u00e7irilm\u0259sind\u0259 f\u0259rql\u0259ri m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259nl\u0259\u015fdirir. O, h\u0259m\u00e7inin c\u0259miyy\u0259td\u0259 f\u0259rdl\u0259rin ya\u015f qruplar\u0131nda ixtisas, hakimiyy\u0259t-v\u0259zif\u0259, g\u0259lir v\u0259 dig\u0259r resurslar\u0131n m\u00fcxt\u0259lif h\u0259cmind\u0259n ir\u0259li g\u0259l\u0259n sosial \u00e7\u0259kisini m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259nl\u0259\u015fdirir. M\u00fcxt\u0259lif ya\u015f qruplar\u0131 il\u0259 \u00e7ox vaxt m\u00fcxt\u0259lif sosial sferalarda, x\u00fcsus\u0259n \u0259m\u0259k bazar\u0131nda meydana \u00e7\u0131xan b\u0259rab\u0259rsizlik sistemi assosiasiya olunur [16, s. 87].<\/p>\n

Qeyd ed\u0259k ki, g\u0259ncl\u0259rin sosial qrup kimi pe\u015f\u0259karla\u015fmas\u0131 prosesinin \u00fcmumi xarakterini n\u0259z\u0259r\u0259 alaraq onlara f\u0259rdi yana\u015fmaq laz\u0131md\u0131r. Bel\u0259 ki, m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, infantizm v\u0259 sosial yetkinsizlik hadis\u0259l\u0259ri insanda onun \u0259m\u0259k h\u0259yat\u0131n\u0131n sonuna q\u0259d\u0259r davam ed\u0259 bil\u0259r. Bel\u0259 bir \u015f\u0259raitd\u0259 g\u0259nc m\u00fct\u0259x\u0259ssisl\u0259r\u0259 i\u015f\u00e7i v\u0259 \u0259m\u0259k kollektivinin \u00fczv\u00fc kimi yeni rola uy\u011funla\u015fma\u011fa imkan ver\u0259n m\u00fc\u0259ssis\u0259nin kadr siyas\u0259ti \u00e7\u0259r\u00e7iv\u0259sind\u0259 x\u00fcsusi proqramlar\u0131n i\u015fl\u0259nib haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131 problemi z\u0259ruridir. Dig\u0259r t\u0259r\u0259fd\u0259n is\u0259 g\u0259ncl\u0259r pe\u015f\u0259 se\u00e7imini \u0259m\u0259k bazar\u0131nda real v\u0259ziyy\u0259tin t\u0259hlili n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 deyil, g\u0259l\u0259c\u0259k arzu edil\u0259n i\u015f haqq\u0131nda ideal t\u0259s\u0259vv\u00fcrl\u0259r \u0259sas\u0131nda h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irirl\u0259r. G\u0259ncl\u0259rin maddi raz\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 se\u00e7dikl\u0259ri pe\u015f\u0259 sah\u0259sinin onlar\u0131n m\u0259n\u0259vi inki\u015faf\u0131na d\u0259st\u0259k olmas\u0131 il\u0259 tamamlan\u0131r, pe\u015f\u0259ni se\u00e7\u0259rk\u0259n daha \u00e7ox \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcifad\u0259, \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fct\u0259sdiq, sosial v\u0259 dig\u0259r s\u0259b\u0259bl\u0259r prioritet t\u0259\u015fkil edir, lakin bu sah\u0259d\u0259 qal\u0131b i\u015fl\u0259dikd\u0259n sonra maddiyy\u0259t, uy\u011funsuzluq v\u0259 perspektivsizlik pe\u015f\u0259 d\u0259yi\u015fm\u0259sinin \u0259sas s\u0259b\u0259bl\u0259ri aras\u0131nda \u00f6n plana \u00e7\u0131x\u0131r. Dem\u0259li, pe\u015f\u0259 se\u00e7imind\u0259 d\u0259yi\u015fiklikl\u0259r daha \u00e7ox \u015f\u0259xsi motivl\u0259rl\u0259 izah olunur v\u0259 bu zaman pe\u015f\u0259nin aktuall\u0131\u011f\u0131, g\u0259lirliliyi, g\u0259r\u0259kliliyi v\u0259 s. el\u0259 d\u0259 rol oynam\u0131r. Bu is\u0259 bel\u0259 fikr\u0259 g\u0259lm\u0259y\u0259 \u0259sas verir ki, \u00f6lk\u0259d\u0259 \u0259m\u0259k birjas\u0131n\u0131n i\u015fi h\u0259l\u0259 ki, laz\u0131mi s\u0259viyy\u0259d\u0259 qurulmam\u0131\u015fd\u0131r v\u0259 bu istiqam\u0259td\u0259 f\u0259aliyy\u0259t daha da yax\u015f\u0131la\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bel\u0259likl\u0259, g\u0259ncl\u0259rin pe\u015f\u0259 se\u00e7imi pe\u015f\u0259karla\u015fma i\u015find\u0259 probleml\u0259r \u00fcz\u00fcnd\u0259n \u00e7ox vaxt ali m\u0259kt\u0259bd\u0259 t\u0259hsil vaxt\u0131 \u0259ld\u0259 olunan pe\u015f\u0259 oriyentasiyas\u0131 v\u0259 bacar\u0131qlar\u0131n\u0131n realla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 prosesi kimi pe\u015f\u0259 m\u00fcq\u0259dd\u0259rat\u0131n\u0131 m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259nl\u0259\u015fdirm\u0259nin praktiki t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n k\u0259narda qal\u0131r. Ayd\u0131nd\u0131r ki, \u0259ld\u0259 olunmu\u015f pe\u015f\u0259y\u0259 uy\u011fun olaraq, \u0259m\u0259k v\u0259 pe\u015f\u0259 plan\u0131nda \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrealla\u015fd\u0131rma ist\u0259yin\u0259 baxmayaraq, ixtisas \u00fczr\u0259 i\u015f\u0259d\u00fcz\u0259lm\u0259 z\u0259man\u0259tinin olmamas\u0131, h\u0259yati c\u0259h\u0259td\u0259n m\u00fch\u00fcm amil kimi pe\u015f\u0259 m\u00fcq\u0259dd\u0259rat\u0131n\u0131 m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259nl\u0259\u015fdirm\u0259nin \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tinin itirilm\u0259sin\u0259 g\u0259tirib \u00e7\u0131xar\u0131r v\u0259 ona situativ xarakter verir, y\u0259ni pe\u015f\u0259 m\u00fcq\u0259dd\u0259rat\u0131n\u0131 m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259nl\u0259\u015fdirm\u0259 strateji deyil, \u015f\u0259xsiyy\u0259tin h\u0259yat yolunu m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259nl\u0259\u015fdir\u0259n taktiki xarakter da\u015f\u0131ma\u011fa ba\u015flay\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Pe\u015f\u0259 yetkinliyinin m\u00fch\u00fcm meyar\u0131 sosial-pe\u015f\u0259 mobilliyidir. Bu, bir t\u0259r\u0259fd\u0259n xarici \u015f\u0259raitl\u0259 \u015f\u0259rtl\u0259n\u0259n m\u00f6vqe d\u0259yi\u015fiklikl\u0259rind\u0259 \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6st\u0259rir (regionda i\u015f yerl\u0259rinin olmamas\u0131, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 \u0259m\u0259khaqq\u0131, m\u0259i\u015f\u0259t poz\u011funlu\u011fu v\u0259 s.). Bu halda mobillik real h\u0259yat v\u0259ziyy\u0259tl\u0259rin\u0259 uy\u011funla\u015fma ehtiyac\u0131 il\u0259 dikt\u0259 olunur. Dig\u0259r t\u0259r\u0259fd\u0259n, sosial-pe\u015f\u0259 mobilliyi sabit d\u0259y\u0259rl\u0259r\u0259 v\u0259 f\u0259rdin \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc inki\u015faf etdirm\u0259si t\u0259l\u0259batlar\u0131na \u0259saslanan \u015f\u0259xsiyy\u0259tin daxili \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc t\u0259kmill\u0259\u015fdirm\u0259si kimi ba\u015fa d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcl\u00fcr. Bu c\u00fcr t\u0259l\u0259bat m\u00f6hk\u0259m idraki \u0259sas: t\u0259hsil v\u0259 pe\u015f\u0259 s\u0259ri\u015ft\u0259sini, \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fctan\u0131ma\u011f\u0131, \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fct\u0259nqidi, \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcd\u0259rki, \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fct\u0259hsili, \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcinki\u015faf\u0131 bacaran sosial-pe\u015f\u0259kar yetkin \u015f\u0259xsiyy\u0259t kimi \u00f6z\u00fcn\u0259 m\u00fcnasib\u0259ti t\u0259l\u0259b edir [4, s.109-114 ].<\/p>\n

Dem\u0259li, sosialla\u015fman\u0131n \u0259v\u0259zsiz \u015f\u0259rti \u015f\u0259xsiyy\u0259tin m\u0259d\u0259ni \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc realla\u015fd\u0131rmas\u0131, \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn sosial t\u0259kmill\u0259\u015fdirm\u0259si \u00fczr\u0259 onun f\u0259al i\u015fidir. Sosialla\u015fman\u0131n \u015f\u0259rtl\u0259ri n\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r \u0259lveri\u015fli olursa-olsun, onun n\u0259tic\u0259l\u0259ri daha \u00e7ox \u015f\u0259xsiyy\u0259tin \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn f\u0259all\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan as\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bel\u0259likl\u0259, u\u011furlu pe\u015f\u0259 sosialla\u015fmas\u0131 \u015f\u0259xsiyy\u0259tin f\u0259all\u0131\u011f\u0131 il\u0259 m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n edilir, \u00e7\u00fcnki c\u0259miyy\u0259td\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ql\u0131 t\u0259sir, sosial \u0259laq\u0259l\u0259r v\u0259 m\u00fcnasib\u0259tl\u0259r sistemin\u0259 t\u0259sir konkret q\u0259rarlar\u0131n q\u0259bul edilm\u0259sini v\u0259 m\u0259qs\u0259din t\u0259yin edilm\u0259si, f\u0259aliyy\u0259t subyektinin s\u0259f\u0259rb\u0259r edilm\u0259si, f\u0259aliyy\u0259t strategiyas\u0131n\u0131n qurulmas\u0131 v\u0259 s. vasit\u0259sil\u0259 realla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 t\u0259l\u0259b edir. Sonuncu, \u00f6z n\u00f6vb\u0259sind\u0259, pe\u015f\u0259 haqq\u0131nda bilikl\u0259rin, fikirl\u0259rin t\u0259kmill\u0259\u015fdirilm\u0259sini, iddialar, motivasiya s\u0259viyy\u0259sinin d\u0259yi\u015fdirilm\u0259sini z\u0259ruri edir. Buna \u0259saslanaraq \u0259minlikl\u0259 dem\u0259k olar ki, formala\u015fm\u0131\u015f “M\u0259n” konsepsiyas\u0131 (“m\u0259nlik” anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131) v\u0259 inki\u015faf etmi\u015f motivasiya – koqnitiv xarakteristikal\u0131 \u015f\u0259xsiyy\u0259t pe\u015f\u0259 sosialla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 m\u00fcv\u0259ff\u0259qiyy\u0259tl\u0259 m\u0259nims\u0259y\u0259 bil\u0259c\u0259k. Dey\u0259 bil\u0259rik ki, h\u0259r bir ayr\u0131ca insan\u0131n sosialla\u015fma \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fc f\u0259rdidir, onun sosial f\u0259all\u0131\u011f\u0131, yarad\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011fa v\u0259 \u00f6z qabiliyy\u0259tl\u0259rinin inki\u015faf\u0131na t\u0259l\u0259bat n\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r y\u00fcks\u0259kdirs\u0259, bu h\u0259dd bir o q\u0259d\u0259r y\u00fcks\u0259kdir [12, s.150].<\/p>\n

Sosial v\u0259 pe\u015f\u0259 s\u0259ri\u015ft\u0259liliyi h\u0259yati \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tli prosesl\u0259rd\u0259 daha u\u011furlu istiqam\u0259tl\u0259nm\u0259y\u0259, r\u0259qab\u0259tqabiliyy\u0259tli olma\u011fa, m\u00fcasir \u0259m\u0259k bazar\u0131nda u\u011fur qazanmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn z\u0259ruri haz\u0131rl\u0131\u011fa malik olma\u011fa, sosial m\u00fchitin t\u0259sirin\u0259 adekvat reaksiya g\u00f6st\u0259rm\u0259y\u0259 v\u0259 bununla da onun aqressiv v\u0259 dig\u0259r neqativ t\u0259sirl\u0259rind\u0259n qorunma\u011fa imkan ver\u0259n pe\u015f\u0259 bilikl\u0259rinin, sosial v\u0259 pe\u015f\u0259 \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tli keyfiyy\u0259tl\u0259rin inki\u015faf\u0131n\u0131n, qabiliyy\u0259t v\u0259 bacar\u0131qlar\u0131n art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n v\u0259 d\u0259rinl\u0259\u015fm\u0259sinin vacibliyini g\u00f6st\u0259rir.<\/p>\n

Fikrimizc\u0259, konkret tarixi kontekst\u0259 malik olan u\u011furlu pe\u015f\u0259 sosialla\u015fmas\u0131 son d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259 m\u00fcr\u0259kk\u0259b v\u0259 \u00e7oxistiqam\u0259tli sosial-iqtisadi v\u0259 sosial-m\u0259d\u0259ni proses kimi \u015f\u0259xsiyy\u0259tin sosial-pe\u015f\u0259 yetkinliyinin formala\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259 tutur v\u0259 bunlarla xarkteriz\u0259 olunur:<\/p>\n

– pe\u015f\u0259 normalar\u0131n\u0131n, d\u0259y\u0259rl\u0259rinin m\u0259nims\u0259nilm\u0259si; onlar\u0131n \u00f6z \u015f\u0259xsi oriyentasiya v\u0259 ustanovkalar\u0131na \u00e7evrilm\u0259si;<\/p>\n

– pe\u015f\u0259 sferas\u0131nda m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n rollar\u0131n h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irilm\u0259si ustanovkalar\u0131n\u0131n formala\u015fmas\u0131;<\/p>\n

– sosial-pe\u015f\u0259 mobilliyi, r\u0259qab\u0259tqabiliyy\u0259ti v\u0259 pe\u015f\u0259 s\u0259ri\u015ft\u0259si kimi keyfiyy\u0259tl\u0259rin formala\u015fmas\u0131;<\/p>\n

– \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fct\u0259hsil v\u0259 \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fct\u0259kmill\u0259\u015fdirm\u0259 arzusu;<\/p>\n

– sosialla\u015fma prosesind\u0259 f\u0259al i\u015ftirak;<\/p>\n

– c\u0259miyy\u0259t \u00fczvl\u0259rinin pe\u015f\u0259 m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259tin\u0259 qo\u015fulmas\u0131 [12, s. 145-155].<\/p>\n

N\u0259z\u0259r\u0259 alsaq ki, f\u0259rdin sosial v\u0259 pe\u015f\u0259 yetkinliyi daimi nizaml\u0131 h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259td\u0259dir (inki\u015fafdad\u0131r), onda f\u0259rdin sosial v\u0259 pe\u015f\u0259 sosialla\u015fmas\u0131 s\u0259viyy\u0259l\u0259rinin d\u0259 m\u00fcnt\u0259z\u0259m ya\u015f v\u0259 \u015f\u0259xsiyy\u0259t xarakterli b\u0259zi d\u0259yi\u015fiklikl\u0259r\u0259 m\u0259ruz qald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fcman etm\u0259k olar.<\/p>\n

Pe\u015f\u0259 sosialla\u015fmas\u0131 s\u0259viyy\u0259l\u0259rinin m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n edilm\u0259si \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc inki\u015faf etdirm\u0259 il\u0259 s\u0131x ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r v\u0259 sosialla\u015fman\u0131n \u201cmiqyas\u0131 v\u0259 d\u0259rinliyini\u201d g\u00f6st\u0259r\u0259n t\u0259sirl\u0259rd\u0259n biridir (sosialla\u015fman\u0131n effektl\u0259rind\u0259n biridir) [2, s.145-167].<\/p>\n

Sosialla\u015fma prosesinin, o c\u00fcml\u0259d\u0259n pe\u015f\u0259 sosialla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n effektivliyini g\u00f6st\u0259rm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn u\u011furlu sosialla\u015fma, sosial yetkinlik kimi terminl\u0259rd\u0259n istifad\u0259 edilir. \u018fslind\u0259, b\u00fct\u00fcn bu terminl\u0259r eynidir v\u0259 f\u0259rdin m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n ideal modelini ifad\u0259 edir [12].<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

N\u0259tic\u0259<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bel\u0259likl\u0259, sosialla\u015fma prosesinin x\u00fcsusi t\u0259zah\u00fcrl\u0259rind\u0259n biri kimi pe\u015f\u0259 sosialla\u015fmas\u0131 problemi haqq\u0131nda m\u00fcxt\u0259lif fikirl\u0259rin t\u0259hlili bu q\u0259na\u0259t\u0259 g\u0259lm\u0259y\u0259 \u0259sas verir ki, problemin \u00f6yr\u0259nilm\u0259sin\u0259 vahid yana\u015fma olmasa da, sosialla\u015fma s\u0259viyy\u0259l\u0259ri v\u0259 onun pe\u015f\u0259 formas\u0131 il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 ara\u015fd\u0131rmalarda \u00e7oxlu \u00fcmumi c\u0259h\u0259tl\u0259r vard\u0131r. Xarici v\u0259 yerli aliml\u0259rin ara\u015fd\u0131rmalar\u0131nda pe\u015f\u0259 sosialla\u015fmas\u0131 – \u0259n intensiv inki\u015faf\u0131 g\u0259nc ya\u015flarda ba\u015f ver\u0259n, fasil\u0259siz proses kimi n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259n ke\u00e7irilir. G\u0259nc n\u0259slin pe\u015f\u0259 sosialla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259n ke\u00e7ir\u0259rk\u0259n \u0259n vacib d\u00f6vr \u00f6z pe\u015f\u0259 m\u00fcq\u0259dd\u0259drat\u0131n\u0131 t\u0259yinetm\u0259 v\u0259 \u0259m\u0259k f\u0259aliyy\u0259tin\u0259 pe\u015f\u0259 haz\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. Pe\u015f\u0259 sosialla\u015fmas\u0131 pe\u015f\u0259 m\u00fcnasib\u0259tl\u0259ri v\u0259 pe\u015f\u0259 f\u0259aliyy\u0259ti il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 sosial qar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ql\u0131 \u0259laq\u0259l\u0259ri \u00f6z\u00fcnd\u0259 c\u0259ml\u0259\u015fdir\u0259n \u00e7ox\u015fax\u0259li sosial hadis\u0259 olub, pe\u015f\u0259kar \u015f\u0259xsiyy\u0259tin v\u0259 onun pe\u015f\u0259 m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259tinin inki\u015faf\u0131na y\u00f6n\u0259lmi\u015fdir.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u0130ST\u0130FAD\u018f ED\u0130LM\u0130\u015e \u018fD\u018fB\u0130YYAT: <\/strong><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \u0410\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430, \u041f.\u0418., \u0424\u043e\u043a\u0438\u043d\u0430, \u041f.\u0412.<\/em> \u0421\u043e\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e-\u043f\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u044f \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u043e\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0443\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0432\u044b\u0441\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u0443\u0447\u0435\u0431\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439.- \u0411\u0438\u0448\u043a\u0435\u043a, 2007, c. 41.<\/li>\n
  2. \u0410\u043d\u0430\u043d\u044c\u0435\u0432, \u0411.\u0413. <\/em>\u041e \u043f\u0441\u0438\u0445\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u044d\u0444\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430\u0445 \u0441\u043e\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438. \/\/ \u0427\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e. – \u0412\u044b\u043f. IX. – \u041b., 1971, c. 145-167.<\/li>\n
  3. \u0417\u0435\u0435\u0440, \u042d.\u0424. <\/em>\u041f\u043e\u043d\u044f\u0442\u0438\u0439\u043d\u043e-\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0438\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0444\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 \/\/ \u041f\u043e\u043d\u044f\u0442\u0438\u0439\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0430\u043f\u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0442 \u043f\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0433\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f. – \u041c.: \u0412\u041b\u0410\u0414\u041e\u0421, 2007, c. 345-356.<\/li>\n
  4. \u041a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0432\u0430, \u0410.\u0418. <\/em>\u041a\u043e\u043d\u0446\u0435\u043f\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0441\u043e\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0436\u0438: \u043d\u043e\u0440\u043c\u044b, \u043e\u0442\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0441\u043e-\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f. \/\/ \u0421\u043e\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f, 2003, \u2116 1, c. 109-114.<\/li>\n
  5. \u041a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0432\u0430, \u0410.\u0418., \u041f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f, \u041d.\u0410.<\/em> \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0444\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u043e\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0435 \u0432\u0443\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f. \/\/ \u0412\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043a \u0423\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0430\u043a\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043c\u0438\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f, 2010, \u2116 2, \u0441.77-80.<\/li>\n
  6. \u041a\u043b\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0432, \u0415.\u0410. <\/em>\u0412\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u043f\u0441\u0438\u0445\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u044e \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u0430: \u0423\u0447\u0435\u0431\u043d\u0438\u043a \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u0443\u0437\u043e\u0432. -\u041c.: \u041a\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 \u0438 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442, \u042e\u041d\u0418\u0422\u0418, 1998, – 350 \u0441.<\/li>\n
  7. \u041a\u0443\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432, \u042e.\u0410., \u0421\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0443\u043a, \u0421.\u0412. <\/em>\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0444\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u043e\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043c\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0436\u0438 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043f\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0430. \/\/ \u0412\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043a \u0412\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0423\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u0438\u043c. \u0412.\u0422.\u0422\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0449\u0435\u0432\u0430, 2013, \u21161 (12), – \u0441. 97-101.<\/li>\n
  8. \u041a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0432\u0430, \u0415.\u0413. <\/em>\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0444\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u043e\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u044f\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0431\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f. \/\/ \u0427\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435. \u0421\u0430\u043d\u043a\u0442-\u041f\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0431\u0443\u0440\u0433, 2018, \u21161 (54), – \u0441.109-113.<\/li>\n
  9. \u041a\u043e\u043d, \u0418.\u0421. <\/em>\u0420\u0435\u0431\u0435\u043d\u043e\u043a \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e. \u0423\u0447\u0435\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0443\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0432\u044b\u0441\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439. – \u041c.: \u0410\u043a\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043c\u0438\u044f, – 2003. – 336 \u0441.<\/li>\n
  10. \u041a\u0440\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u043a\u0443\u0442\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f, \u0421.\u041d. <\/em>\u0421\u043e\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043a\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0445\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0443\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432. \/\/ \u0421\u0431. \u043d\u0430\u0443\u0447. \u0442\u0440. \u0421\u0435\u0432\u041a\u0430\u0432\u0413\u0422\u0423. \u0421\u0435\u0440\u0438\u044f \u201c\u0413\u0443\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0443\u043a\u0438\u201d, 2005, \u21161 (13), – \u0441.77-79.<\/li>\n
  11. \u041a\u0443\u0442\u0443\u0433\u0438\u043d\u0430, \u0412.\u0418. <\/em>\u0424\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0444\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0432 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u044f\u0445 \/\/ \u2013 \u041c\u043e\u0441\u043a\u0432\u0430: \u0421\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u044b \u043d\u0430\u0443\u043a\u0438 \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f, 2007, \u2116 1, – \u0441. 51-53.<\/li>\n
  12. \u041c\u0430\u043a\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430, \u0421.\u041d. <\/em>\u0423\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0448\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0444\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u043e\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f: \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044b \u043a \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e. \/\/ \u0412\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043a \u0427\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0431\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0413\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0423\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0430. \u0427\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0431\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0413\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0423\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442 (\u0427\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0431\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a), 2007, \u211617, – \u0441.145-155.<\/li>\n
  13. \u041c\u0443\u0434\u0440\u0438\u043a, \u0410.\u0412. <\/em>\u0421\u043e\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0433\u0438\u043a\u0430: \u0443\u0447\u0435\u0431. \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0443\u0434. \u043f\u0435\u0434. \u0432\u0443\u0437\u043e\u0432 \/ \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u0440\u0435\u0434. \u0412.\u0410. \u0421\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u043d\u0430. – \u041c.: \u0410\u043a\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043c\u0438\u044f, 1999, – 184 \u0441.<\/li>\n
  14. \u041b\u0435\u043e\u043d\u0442\u044c\u0435\u0432, \u0410.\u041d. <\/em>\u0414\u0435\u044f\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c. \u0421\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435. \u041b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c. (\u0422\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442) 2-\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u0434. – \u041c.: \u041f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0442, 1977, – 304 \u0441.<\/li>\n
  15. \u0421\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u043d, \u0412.\u0410. <\/em>\u041f\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0433\u0438\u043a\u0430: \u0443\u0447\u0435\u0431. \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0443\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0432\u044b\u0441\u0448. \u043f\u0435\u0434. \u0443\u0447\u0435\u0431. \u0437\u0430-\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \/ \u0412. \u0410. \u0421\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u043d, \u0418. \u0424. \u0418\u0441\u0430\u0435\u0432, \u0415. \u041d. \u0428\u0438\u044f\u043d\u043e\u0432; \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u0440\u0435\u0434. \u0412. \u0410. \u0421\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u043d\u0430. – \u041c.: \u0418\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0442. \u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440 \u201c\u0410\u043a\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043c\u0438\u044f\u201d, 2002. – 576 \u0441.<\/li>\n
  16. \u0421\u0438\u043c\u043e\u043d\u0447\u0443\u043a, \u0415.\u0412. <\/em>\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0444\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043d\u044b. \/\/ \u0421\u043e\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u044f: \u0442\u0435\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f, \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u044b, \u043c\u0430\u0440\u043a\u0435\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433, \u2013 \u041a\u0438\u0435\u0432, 2009, \u2116 3, \u2013 \u0441. 62-99.<\/li>\n
  17. \u0422\u0435\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0432\u043e\u0441\u043f\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c: \u0432 2 \u043a\u043d. \/ \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u0440\u0435\u0434. \u041b.\u0418.\u041d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0438 \u0434\u0440. – \u041a\u043d. 2. – \u041c.: \u0418\u0437\u0434-\u0432\u043e \u0418\u0422\u041f \u0438 \u041c\u0418\u041e \u0420\u0410\u041e, 1993, – \u0441. 153,157.<\/li>\n
  18. \u0428\u0435\u0439\u043d, \u042d.X. <\/em>\u041e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043a\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 \u0438 \u043b\u0438\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e: \u043f\u0435\u0440. \u0441 \u0430\u043d\u0433\u043b. \/ \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u0440\u0435\u0434. \u0412. \u0410.\u0421\u043f\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043a\u0430. – \u0421\u041f\u0431.: \u041f\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0440, 2002, – 330 \u0441.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

     <\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n

    Sudaba Hashimova<\/strong><\/p>\n

    FEATURES AND PROBLEMS OF PROFESSIONAL <\/strong>SOCIALIZATION IN MODERN CONDITIONS<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u00a0<\/strong>Abstract<\/strong><\/p>\n

    At present, in studies of the process of personality formation and its interaction with the social environment, the attention of scientists to the professional socialization of the individual has noticeably increased, driven by changes in society and culture. Socialization, formation and development of the personality includes three interrelated processes: general socialization, professional – role socialization, professionalization. Through \u201cprofessional socialization\u201d a person joins certain professional values, forms a professional consciousness and culture, and prepares for professional activities. The main purpose of writing the article consists of a sociological study of the main features and problems of professional socialization and the study of reflection in modern conditions. The leading principles of the research are structural functionalism, system analysis, theoretical generalization, induction, deduction, methods of comparison. The scientific novelty of the article lies in a comprehensive study of the processes of assimilation by social and professional norms of professional socialization and the formation of a personality as a subject of professional activity. The main provisions and results of the study can be used in the development of programs to improve the efficiency of professional activities in schools, universities, and employment services.<\/p>\n

    \u00a0<\/strong>Keywords: <\/strong>professional socialization, professionalization, social and professional environment, professional self-education, professional relationship, professional activity, choice of profession<\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n

    \u0421\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0431\u0430 \u0413\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0432\u0430<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u041e\u0421\u041e\u0411\u0415\u041d\u041d\u041e\u0421\u0422\u0418 \u0418 \u041f\u0420\u041e\u0411\u041b\u0415\u041c\u042b \u041f\u0420\u041e\u0424\u0415\u0421\u0421\u0418\u041e\u041d\u0410\u041b\u042c\u041d\u041e\u0419 <\/strong>\u0421\u041e\u0426\u0418\u0410\u041b\u0418\u0417\u0410\u0426\u0418\u0418 \u0412 \u0421\u041e\u0412\u0420\u0415\u041c\u0415\u041d\u041d\u042b\u0425 \u0423\u0421\u041b\u041e\u0412\u0418\u042f\u0425<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u00a0<\/strong>\u0420\u0435\u0437\u044e\u043c\u0435<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u0412 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0449\u0435\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u0432 \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0430 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0438 \u0435\u0435 \u0432\u0437\u0430\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044f \u0441 \u0441\u043e\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043b\u043e \u0432\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043a \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0444\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u043e\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0438\u043d\u0434\u0438\u0432\u0438\u0434\u0430, \u0447\u0442\u043e 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     <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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