{"id":947,"date":"2023-10-04T12:50:31","date_gmt":"2023-10-04T08:50:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/socialresearchjournal.az\/?p=947"},"modified":"2023-11-20T11:00:29","modified_gmt":"2023-11-20T07:00:29","slug":"cemiyyet-aile-tehsil-kiv-sisteminin-usaq-yeniyetme-cinayetkarligina-tesiri-ve-rolu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/socialresearchjournal.az\/index.php\/2023\/10\/04\/cemiyyet-aile-tehsil-kiv-sisteminin-usaq-yeniyetme-cinayetkarligina-tesiri-ve-rolu\/","title":{"rendered":"\u201cC\u018fM\u0130YY\u018fT-A\u0130L\u018f-T\u018fHS\u0130L-K\u0130V\u201d S\u0130STEM\u0130N\u0130N U\u015eAQ\/YEN\u0130YETM\u018f C\u0130NAY\u018fTKARLI\u011eINA T\u018fS\u0130R\u0130 V\u018f ROLU"},"content":{"rendered":"

Yaqut \u018fL\u0130YEVA<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bak\u0131 D\u00f6vl\u0259t Universitetinin Sosial elml\u0259r v\u0259 psixologiya fak\u00fclt\u0259sinin <\/em><\/p>\n

Sosiologiya kafedras\u0131n\u0131n dosenti, sosiologiya \u00fczr\u0259 f\u0259ls\u0259f\u0259 doktoru <\/em><\/p>\n

Bak\u0131, Az\u0259rbaycan<\/em><\/p>\n

E-mail: yagut.aliyeva@gmail.com<\/em><\/p>\n

orcId: <\/em>0000-0003-2051-8416 <\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

X\u00fclas\u0259. <\/strong>T\u0259dqiqat i\u015find\u0259 m\u00fcasir d\u00f6vrd\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycanda u\u015faq\/yeniyetm\u0259 cinay\u0259tkarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n v\u0259ziyy\u0259ti, s\u0259b\u0259bl\u0259ri v\u0259 onlar\u0131n h\u00fcquqazidd davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n sosioloji, sosial-psixoloji v\u0259 h\u00fcquqi aspektl\u0259ri t\u0259hlil edilir. C\u0259miyy\u0259tin transformasiyas\u0131 \u015f\u0259raitind\u0259, sosial v\u0259 t\u0259bii b\u0259rab\u0259rsizlik, qloballa\u015fma prosesind\u0259 yaranan yeni norma v\u0259 d\u0259y\u0259rl\u0259r, m\u00fcasir m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259t, f\u0259rqli subm\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259tl\u0259r b\u0259zi yetkinlik ya\u015f\u0131na \u00e7atmayan u\u015faqlar aras\u0131nda asosial v\u0259 h\u00fcquqazidd davran\u0131\u015f\u0131n yaranmas\u0131na g\u0259tirib \u00e7\u0131xar\u0131r. H\u0259m\u00e7inin, yetkinlik ya\u015f\u0131na \u00e7atmayan n\u0259zar\u0259td\u0259nk\u0259nar u\u015faqlar\u0131n probleml\u0259ri, onlar\u0131n sosialla\u015fmas\u0131, cinay\u0259tkar qruplara meyilliliyi v\u0259 bunun s\u0259b\u0259bl\u0259ri, h\u0259min u\u015faqlara qar\u015f\u0131 kobud v\u0259 s\u0259rt davran\u0131\u015flar, t\u00f6r\u0259dil\u0259n cinay\u0259tl\u0259r v\u0259 s. kimi m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259rin m\u00fcqayis\u0259li-sistemli t\u0259hlili apar\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

A\u00e7ar s\u00f6zl\u0259r: <\/strong>u\u015faq\/yeniyetm\u0259 cinay\u0259tkarl\u0131\u011f\u0131, c\u0259miyy\u0259t, ail\u0259, t\u0259hsil, K\u0130V, n\u0259zar\u0259td\u0259nk\u0259nar (bax\u0131ms\u0131z, sahibsiz) u\u015faqlar, sosial v\u0259 t\u0259bii b\u0259rab\u0259rsizlik, sosial yetimlik<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Giri\u015f<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

U\u015faqlar h\u0259r bir mill\u0259tin g\u0259l\u0259c\u0259yi olaraq c\u0259miyy\u0259tin inki\u015faf perspektivl\u0259rini \u00f6z\u00fcnd\u0259 \u0259ks etdirir. B\u0259\u015f\u0259riyy\u0259tin g\u0259l\u0259c\u0259yi m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259d\u0259 onlardan as\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r. Bel\u0259 ki, bug\u00fcnk\u00fc u\u015faqlar g\u0259l\u0259c\u0259kd\u0259 c\u0259miyy\u0259ti maraqland\u0131ran yeni ixtiralara imza atmal\u0131 v\u0259 sosial m\u00fchitin proqressiv d\u0259yi\u015fiklikl\u0259rin\u0259 t\u0259kan verm\u0259lidirl\u0259r. U\u015faqlara, yeniyetm\u0259l\u0259r\u0259, g\u0259ncl\u0259r\u0259 erk\u0259n ya\u015fdan qay\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6st\u0259rm\u0259k, x\u00fcsusil\u0259 t\u0259rbiy\u0259 v\u0259 t\u0259hsil sistemind\u0259 optimal \u015f\u0259raitin yarad\u0131lmas\u0131na, h\u0259m\u00e7inin, cinay\u0259tkar davran\u0131\u015f\u0131n profilaktikas\u0131na diqq\u0259t yetirm\u0259k laz\u0131md\u0131r [12, 20-22; 13, 13-15; 5, 174; 17, 61-71].<\/p>\n

Xalq hikm\u0259tind\u0259 deyilir: \u201cU\u015faqlar h\u0259yat\u0131n \u00e7ic\u0259kl\u0259ridir\u201d. \u00c7i\u00e7\u0259y\u0259 \u0259traf m\u00fchit nec\u0259 t\u0259sir edirs\u0259, u\u015faqlara da c\u0259miyy\u0259td\u0259 ba\u015f ver\u0259n sosial d\u0259yi\u015fiklikl\u0259r v\u0259 prosesl\u0259r o d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259d\u0259 \u00f6z t\u0259sirini g\u00f6st\u0259rir. U\u015faqlar dem\u0259k olar ki, c\u0259miyy\u0259tin v\u0259ziyy\u0259tinin \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fc vahididir. Bu bax\u0131mdan h\u0259r bir \u00f6lk\u0259nin sosial-iqtisadi v\u0259ziyy\u0259tini m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259d\u0259 u\u015faq v\u0259 yeniyetm\u0259 cinay\u0259tkarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6st\u0259ricil\u0259ri il\u0259 d\u0259 qiym\u0259tl\u0259ndirm\u0259k olar.<\/p>\n

Az\u0259rbaycan Respublikas\u0131nda g\u0259ncl\u0259rin 14-18 ya\u015f d\u00f6vr\u00fc yeniyetm\u0259lik d\u00f6vr\u00fc hesab olunur. H\u0259min ya\u015f d\u00f6vr\u00fc f\u0259rdin bir s\u0131ra fizioloji, psixoloji v\u0259 sosial x\u00fcsusiyy\u0259tl\u0259ri il\u0259 xarakteriz\u0259 olunur ki, bu da onlar\u0131n sonrak\u0131 h\u0259yat\u0131na bu v\u0259 ya dig\u0259r d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259d\u0259 \u00f6z t\u0259sirini g\u00f6st\u0259rir. Yeniyetm\u0259lik d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259 insan onu \u0259hat\u0259 ed\u0259n sosial m\u00fchitin v\u0259 c\u0259miyy\u0259td\u0259 ba\u015f ver\u0259n m\u00fcxt\u0259lif prosesl\u0259rin t\u0259sirin\u0259 daha \u00e7ox h\u0259ssas olur. M\u0259hz buna g\u00f6r\u0259 d\u0259 yeniyetm\u0259nin sosialla\u015fmas\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn optimal \u015f\u0259raitin t\u0259min edilm\u0259si z\u0259ruridir. Yeniyetml\u0259rin b\u0259zil\u0259ri bu ya\u015f d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259 c\u0259miyy\u0259tin m\u00f6vcud norma v\u0259 d\u0259y\u0259rl\u0259rini t\u0259hrif ed\u0259r\u0259k qeyri-m\u00fcnbit \u015f\u0259rait\u0259 c\u0259lb edil\u0259r\u0259k h\u00fcquqazidd h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259tl\u0259r edirl\u0259r.<\/p>\n

Bir \u00e7ox t\u0259dqiqat\u00e7\u0131lar yeniyetm\u0259l\u0259r aras\u0131nda cinay\u0259tkar davran\u0131\u015f\u0131n t\u0259zah\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc u\u015faql\u0131qdan yeniyetm\u0259liy\u0259 ke\u00e7id d\u00f6vr\u00fc il\u0259 \u0259laq\u0259l\u0259ndirirl\u0259r. Jan-Jak-Russo ke\u00e7id ya\u015f d\u00f6vr\u00fcn\u00fc \u201cikinci do\u011fulu\u015f\u201d adland\u0131r\u0131rd\u0131. U\u015faqlar bu ke\u00e7id ya\u015f d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259 daha k\u0259skin q\u0131c\u0131qlanma, \u0259s\u0259bilik, naraz\u0131l\u0131q v\u0259 s. hissl\u0259r ke\u00e7irirl\u0259r. B\u00fct\u00fcn bu hissl\u0259r yeniyetm\u0259nin davran\u0131\u015f\u0131nda onu \u0259hat\u0259 ed\u0259n ger\u00e7\u0259klikl\u0259r\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 \u00f6z\u00fcn\u0259m\u0259xsus \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 b\u00fcruz\u0259 verir. Ke\u00e7id ya\u015f d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259 u\u015faqlara xeyirxah m\u00fcnasib\u0259t g\u00f6st\u0259rilm\u0259si z\u0259ruridir. Yeniyetm\u0259 inadkarl\u0131q etdiyi zaman ona qar\u015f\u0131 b\u0259z\u0259n s\u0259rt, b\u0259z\u0259n laqeyd v\u0259 s. m\u00fcnasib\u0259t g\u00f6st\u0259rilm\u0259si onun davran\u0131\u015f\u0131nda neqativ \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 \u00f6z \u0259ksni tap\u0131r. Cinay\u0259tkar davran\u0131\u015f\u0131n \u0259sas\u0131nda emosiyalar v\u0259 hissl\u0259r \u0259sas yer tutur: onlar ya h\u0259yacanlanmalar, ya da psixi pozulmalar formas\u0131nda t\u0259zah\u00fcr edir. H\u0259r halda cinay\u0259tin motivasiya elementl\u0259ri \u015f\u0259xsiyy\u0259tin daxili x\u00fcsusiyy\u0259tl\u0259ri il\u0259 s\u0259ciyy\u0259l\u0259nir v\u0259 c\u0259miyy\u0259t \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259 do\u011furur [11, 19].<\/p>\n

T\u0259dqiqat\u0131n metod v\u0259 metodologiyas\u0131, n\u0259z\u0259ri v\u0259 praktiki \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259ti.<\/strong> T\u0259dqiqat\u0131n m\u00fcxt\u0259lif m\u0259rh\u0259l\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 elmi idrak\u0131n \u0259sas metodlar\u0131ndan, o c\u00fcml\u0259d\u0259n induksiya, deduksiya, sistemli-m\u00fcqayis\u0259li t\u0259hlil v\u0259 sintez metodlar\u0131ndan istifad\u0259 edilmi\u015fdir. T\u0259dqiqat i\u015fi Az\u0259rbaycanda m\u00fc\u0259llif t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n 2012-2015, 2016-2017, 2018-2022-ci ill\u0259rd\u0259 apar\u0131lan v\u0259 apar\u0131lmas\u0131 daha sonra da n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259 tutulan \u00e7oxpill\u0259li t\u0259dqiqat\u0131n n\u0259tic\u0259l\u0259rinin t\u0259hlilin\u0259 \u0259saslan\u0131r. T\u0259dqiqat\u0131n gedi\u015find\u0259 m\u00fcxt\u0259lif probleml\u0259ri ara\u015fd\u0131rmaq m\u0259qs\u0259dil\u0259 sosioloji metodlardan – erkspert sor\u011fusu, anket sor\u011fusu, m\u00fcsahib\u0259, m\u00fc\u015fahid\u0259, s\u0259n\u0259dl\u0259rin t\u0259hlili v\u0259 s. istifad\u0259 edilmi\u015fdir.<\/p>\n

M\u00f6vzu il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 \u0259d\u0259biyyat, statistik materiallar\u0131n v\u0259 sosioloji t\u0259dqiqatlar\u0131n n\u0259tic\u0259l\u0259rinin sistemli t\u0259hlili, \u0259sasl\u0131 t\u0259klifl\u0259r konkret istiqam\u0259tl\u0259r \u00fczr\u0259 f\u0259aliyy\u0259t g\u00f6st\u0259r\u0259n, u\u015faq\/yeniyetm\u0259 cinay\u0259tkarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 problemi il\u0259 m\u0259\u015f\u011ful olan qurumlar\u0131n i\u015fi \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn faydal\u0131 ola bil\u0259r.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u018fsas hiss\u0259<\/strong><\/p>\n

M\u00fcasir c\u0259miyy\u0259tin q\u00fcsurlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda u\u015faq\/yeniyetm\u0259 cinay\u0259tkarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 problemi x\u00fcsusi yer tutur. M\u00fcasir sosioloji elmin \u0259sas v\u0259zif\u0259si bu sosial problemi yaradan sosial determinantlar\u0131 v\u0259 faktorlar kompleksini m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n etm\u0259kdir. Bununla yana\u015f\u0131, psixologiyada oldu\u011fu kimi, kriminologiyada da u\u015faqlar\u0131n v\u0259 yeniyetm\u0259l\u0259rin probleml\u0259rin\u0259 maraq xeyli artm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Bel\u0259 ki, aliml\u0259r asosial davran\u0131\u015f\u0131n \u0259sas s\u0259b\u0259bl\u0259rini mikrom\u00fchitin q\u00fcsurlar\u0131 v\u0259 \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131 il\u0259 yana\u015f\u0131, obyektiv v\u0259 subyektiv amill\u0259r v\u0259 s. il\u0259 \u0259laq\u0259l\u0259ndirirl\u0259r. Kriminoloji m\u0259nb\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 \u00e7ox vaxt \u201cbilavasit\u0259\u201d v\u0259 \u201cvasit\u0259li\u201d s\u0259b\u0259bl\u0259r; \u201cbirinci\u201d, \u201cikinci\u201d v\u0259 h\u0259tta \u201c\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc\u201d q\u0259bild\u0259n olan s\u0259b\u0259bl\u0259r haqq\u0131nda m\u00fcdd\u0259alara rast g\u0259lm\u0259k olar. Qeyd etm\u0259k laz\u0131md\u0131r ki, s\u0259b\u0259bl\u0259r \u00f6z n\u0259tic\u0259l\u0259ril\u0259, y\u0259ni cinay\u0259tkarl\u0131qla ikihalqal\u0131 \u201cs\u0259b\u0259biyy\u0259t z\u0259nciri\u201d t\u0259\u015fkil edir. \u018fg\u0259r onun \u00fcst\u00fc il\u0259 t\u0259rs (geri) istiqam\u0259td\u0259 h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259t edils\u0259, o zaman cinay\u0259tkarl\u0131q \u00f6z n\u00f6vb\u0259sind\u0259 onu yaradan (\u015f\u0259raitin k\u00f6m\u0259yi il\u0259) sosial hadis\u0259l\u0259rin n\u0259tic\u0259si kimi qiym\u0259tl\u0259ndirilir. Kriminoloqlar\u0131n n\u00f6qteyi-n\u0259z\u0259rin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259, yaln\u0131z \u0259n yax\u0131n (bilavasit\u0259) n\u0259tic\u0259nin s\u0259b\u0259bi imkan verir ki, onu cinay\u0259tkarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u201cs\u0259b\u0259bi” adland\u0131rs\u0131nlar. M\u0259hz bel\u0259 cinay\u0259tin bilavasit\u0259 s\u0259b\u0259bini subyektiv amil – f\u0259rdl\u0259rin, sosial icmalar\u0131n psixologiyas\u0131ndak\u0131 q\u00fcsurlar t\u0259\u015fkil edir. Qalan \u201cke\u00e7mi\u015f s\u0259b\u0259bl\u0259r\u201din haz\u0131rk\u0131 s\u0259b\u0259bl\u0259ri vasit\u0259lidir v\u0259 bu, cinay\u0259tkarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n s\u0259b\u0259bi yox, onun s\u0259b\u0259bl\u0259rinin \u015f\u0259raiti kimi \u00e7\u0131x\u0131\u015f edir. Bir s\u0131ra kriminoloji-psixoloji t\u0259dqiqatlar\u0131n n\u0259tic\u0259l\u0259ri bel\u0259 bir fakt\u0131 t\u0259sdiq edir ki, h\u00fcquqazidd davran\u0131\u015f\u0131n yaranmas\u0131 v\u0259 bilavasit\u0259 s\u0259b\u0259bl\u0259ri h\u0259mi\u015f\u0259 cinay\u0259t etmi\u015f insan\u0131n \u015f\u0259xsiyy\u0259tind\u0259n as\u0131l\u0131 olur. Ba\u015fqa s\u00f6zl\u0259, he\u00e7 bir xarici s\u0259b\u0259bl\u0259r, \u0259g\u0259r onlar insan f\u0259aliyy\u0259tinin daxili determinantlar\u0131na \u00e7evrilm\u0259yibl\u0259rs\u0259, h\u00fcquqazidd davran\u0131\u015f\u0131n m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259nedici s\u0259b\u0259bl\u0259ri ola bilm\u0259zl\u0259r [10; 11,17; 20, 67-77].<\/p>\n

N\u0259z\u0259r\u0259 alsaq ki, h\u00fcquqazidd davran\u0131\u015f\u0131n \u0259n pik n\u00f6qt\u0259si yeniyetm\u0259lik d\u00f6vr\u00fcn\u0259 t\u0259sad\u00fcf edirs\u0259, o zaman \u0259n kriminogen qrupa 15-17 ya\u015fl\u0131 yeniyetm\u0259l\u0259r aiddir. Yetkinlik ya\u015f\u0131na \u00e7atmayanlar\u0131n cinay\u0259tkarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u0259ncl\u0259rin \u0259n kriminogen qrupu kimi t\u0259kc\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycanda deyil, b\u00fct\u00fcn d\u00fcnyada ictimai narahatl\u0131q do\u011furur. Bel\u0259 ki, Birl\u0259\u015fmi\u015f Mill\u0259tl\u0259r T\u0259\u015fkilat\u0131n\u0131n (BMT) m\u0259lumat\u0131na g\u00f6r\u0259, g\u0259ncl\u0259rin 30%-i h\u00fcquq zidd davran\u0131r, lakin 5%-i ciddi h\u00fcquq pozuntusuna yol verir. Statistik m\u0259lumatlar g\u00f6st\u0259rir ki, qrup hal\u0131nda zorak\u0131l\u0131q t\u00f6r\u0259d\u0259n h\u0259ddi-b\u00fcllu\u011fa \u00e7atmayan g\u0259ncl\u0259rin, h\u0259m\u00e7inin x\u00fcsusi amans\u0131zl\u0131qla \u00e7inay\u0259t t\u00f6r\u0259d\u0259nl\u0259rin x\u00fcsusi \u00e7\u0259kisi art\u0131r. Haz\u0131rda d\u00fcnyada yetkinlik ya\u015f\u0131na \u00e7atmayanlar\u0131n h\u0259r be\u015finci cinay\u0259ti zorak\u0131l\u0131q xarakteri da\u015f\u0131y\u0131r, \u00fcst\u0259lik onlar\u0131n yar\u0131s\u0131 qruplar hal\u0131nda t\u00f6r\u0259dilir [27; 31].<\/p>\n

Az\u0259rbaycanda yeniyetm\u0259 cinay\u0259tkarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 problemi Rusiya, Q\u0259rb v\u0259 dig\u0259r \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259ki kimi o q\u0259d\u0259r d\u0259 k\u0259skin \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 m\u00fc\u015fahid\u0259 edilmir. Qeyd ed\u0259k ki, Rusiya Federasiyas\u0131 D\u00f6vl\u0259t Statistika Federal Xidm\u0259tinin r\u0259smi g\u00f6st\u0259ricil\u0259rin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259, h\u0259r 9-cu cinay\u0259t yeniyetm\u0259l\u0259r t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n, yaxud onlar\u0131n i\u015ftirak\u0131 il\u0259 t\u00f6r\u0259dilir. Bel\u0259 ictimai x\u0259st\u0259liyi \u201cm\u00fcalic\u0259\u201d etm\u0259k z\u0259ruridir v\u0259 el\u0259 m\u00fcalic\u0259 etm\u0259k laz\u0131md\u0131r ki, residiv (t\u0259krar etm\u0259) ehtimal\u0131 istisna edilsin [31].<\/p>\n

Ekspertl\u0259rin fikrinc\u0259, Az\u0259rbaycanda 2016-c\u0131 ilin son 9 ay\u0131nda 272 cinay\u0259tin yetkinlik ya\u015f\u0131na \u00e7atmayanlar t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n t\u00f6r\u0259dilm\u0259si fakt\u0131 a\u015fkar edilib (2009-cu ilin analoji d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259 – 251 fakt), y\u0259ni \u0259vv\u0259lki ill\u0259r\u0259 nisb\u0259t\u0259n ba\u015f ver\u0259n cinay\u0259tl\u0259rd\u0259 c\u00fczi art\u0131m m\u00fc\u015fahid\u0259 olunur. Bununla bel\u0259, bu cinay\u0259tl\u0259rin 60%-ni o\u011furluq v\u0259 s. t\u0259\u015fkil edir. Qalanlar\u0131 \u015f\u0259xs\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 (xuliqanl\u0131q v\u0259 b\u0259d\u0259n\u0259 x\u0259sar\u0259t yetirm\u0259k) olan cinay\u0259tl\u0259r\u0259 aid edilir. 2016-c\u0131 ild\u0259 20 cinay\u0259tin q\u0131zlar t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n t\u00f6r\u0259dilm\u0259si fakt\u0131 a\u015fkar edilib (2009-cu ild\u0259 – 24 cinay\u0259t fakt\u0131). Qeyd ed\u0259k ki, Az\u0259rbaycan Respublikas\u0131n\u0131n Daxili \u0130\u015fl\u0259r Nazirliyinin Ba\u015f \u0130ctimai T\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259sizlik \u0130dar\u0259sinin h\u0259ddi-b\u00fcllu\u011fa \u00e7atmayanlar aras\u0131nda profilaktikan\u0131n t\u0259\u015fkili \u015f\u00f6b\u0259sinin m\u0259lumat\u0131na \u0259sas\u0259n, Az\u0259rbaycanda u\u015faq\/yeniyetm\u0259 cinay\u0259tl\u0259rinin s\u0259viyy\u0259si a\u015fa\u011f\u0131d\u0131r v\u0259 \u00fcmumilikd\u0259 g\u00f6t\u00fcrd\u00fckd\u0259 t\u00f6r\u0259dilmi\u015f cinay\u0259tl\u0259rin 2,6%-ni t\u0259\u015fkil edir [34].<\/p>\n

M\u00fcxt\u0259lif \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rin, h\u0259m\u00e7inin Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n statistik g\u00f6st\u0259ricil\u0259rin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259, yetkinlik ya\u015f\u0131na \u00e7atmayanlar aras\u0131nda \u0259n \u00e7ox yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015f cinay\u0259t n\u00f6v\u00fc o\u011furluqdur. Ba\u015fqas\u0131n\u0131n \u0259mlak\u0131na sahib olmaq ist\u0259yi sosial b\u0259rab\u0259rsizlik problemi prizmas\u0131ndan izah edil\u0259 bil\u0259r. H\u0259ddi-b\u00fcllu\u011fa \u00e7atmayanlar \u00f6zl\u0259rini c\u0259miyy\u0259tin sosial strukturunun iyerarxiyas\u0131n\u0131n a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 pill\u0259sind\u0259 olmas\u0131n\u0131 daha h\u0259ssas v\u0259 a\u011f\u0131r ke\u00e7irir ki, bu da b\u0259z\u0259n maddi rifah\u0131n daha asan yolla \u0259ld\u0259 edilm\u0259si m\u0259qs\u0259dil\u0259 h\u00fcquqazidd h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259tl\u0259rin t\u00f6r\u0259dilm\u0259sin\u0259 t\u0259kan verir.<\/p>\n

Yetkinlik ya\u015f\u0131na \u00e7atmayanlar\u0131n h\u00fcquqpozma motivasiyas\u0131 v\u0259 cinay\u0259tl\u0259ri b\u00f6y\u00fckl\u0259rd\u0259n f\u0259rqli olaraq daha \u00f6z\u00fcn\u0259m\u0259xsusdur. Bu, m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259d\u0259 g\u0259ncl\u0259rin psixikas\u0131n\u0131n daha h\u0259ssas v\u0259 inadkar olmas\u0131 il\u0259 s\u0259ciyy\u0259l\u0259nir. Ona g\u00f6r\u0259 d\u0259, t\u0259sad\u00fcfi deyil ki, yetkinlik ya\u015f\u0131na \u00e7atmayanlar\u0131n t\u00f6r\u0259tdikl\u0259ri cinay\u0259tl\u0259rin strukturunda o\u011furluq v\u0259 bu kimi hallar \u00e7oxluq t\u0259\u015fkil edir.<\/p>\n

B\u0259zi hallarda cinay\u0259t \u0259m\u0259ll\u0259rin\u0259 haz\u0131rla\u015fark\u0259n konkret olaraq yeniyetm\u0259nin psixofizioloji v\u0259 psixoemosional x\u00fcsusiyy\u0259tl\u0259rinin v\u0259 fiziki haz\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n da rolu olur. Yax\u015f\u0131 fiziki haz\u0131rl\u0131q yeniyetm\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 \u00f6z\u00fcn\u0259inam\u0131 art\u0131r\u0131r, ba\u015fqas\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 \u00f6z g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc yoxlamaq arzusunu yarad\u0131r. Bel\u0259c\u0259 d\u0259 yaln\u0131z zorak\u0131l\u0131qdan istifad\u0259 etm\u0259kl\u0259 onlar \u00f6z m\u0259qs\u0259din\u0259 \u00e7atma\u011fa can at\u0131rlar. Bununla yana\u015f\u0131, insan g\u0259nc ya\u015flar\u0131nda k\u0259nar m\u00fcdaxil\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 daha h\u0259ssas olur v\u0259 b\u0259z\u0259n televiziyada, b\u0259dii filml\u0259rd\u0259 v\u0259 dig\u0259r k\u00fctl\u0259vi informasiya vasit\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 g\u00f6rd\u00fcy\u00fc adamlara b\u0259nz\u0259m\u0259y\u0259 can at\u0131r. G\u0259ncl\u0259r n\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r tez-tez k\u00fctl\u0259vi m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259t m\u0259hsullar\u0131n\u0131 q\u0259bul edirs\u0259, onlarda personajlar\u0131n x\u00fcsusiyy\u0259tl\u0259rini m\u0259nims\u0259m\u0259 riski d\u0259 bir o q\u0259d\u0259r g\u00fccl\u00fc olur. Q\u0259rb m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259ti d\u0259 yeniyetm\u0259 cinay\u0259tkarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n artmas\u0131na \u00f6z t\u0259sirini g\u00f6st\u0259rir. K\u00fctl\u0259vi m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259t m\u0259hsullar\u0131 i\u00e7\u0259risind\u0259 eyni zamanda zorak\u0131l\u0131q, kriminal v\u0259 \u0259xlaq qaydalar\u0131na zidd davran\u0131\u015f s\u0259hn\u0259l\u0259rini d\u0259 g\u00f6rm\u0259k olar.<\/p>\n

M\u0259tbuat, televiziya, kino kimi sosial institutlar faktiki olaraq \u0259xlaq qaydalar\u0131na zidd v\u0259 cinay\u0259tkar davran\u0131\u015f\u0131 reklam ed\u0259r\u0259k, cinay\u0259tin t\u00f6r\u0259dilm\u0259si qaydalar\u0131n\u0131 n\u00fcmayi\u015f etdirir v\u0259 bel\u0259likl\u0259, el\u0259 bir fikri t\u0259lqin edirl\u0259r ki, guya cinay\u0259tkarl\u0131q \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fct\u0259sdiqin v\u0259 m\u00fcnaqi\u015f\u0259l\u0259rin h\u0259llinin adi \u00fcsuludur.<\/p>\n

El\u0259c\u0259 d\u0259 videooyunlar s\u0259nayesi cinay\u0259tkarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n t\u0259lqin edilm\u0259sind\u0259 x\u00fcsusi yer tutur. Bu vidooyunlarda \u0259ks\u0259r halda insan, heyvan v\u0259 s. \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 virtual zorak\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n t\u00f6r\u0259dilm\u0259si \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u015f\u0259rait (v\u0259 yaxud z\u0259rur\u0259t) var. Bununla bel\u0259, b\u0259zi videooyunlarda zorak\u0131l\u0131q prosesi \u0259n x\u0131rda t\u0259f\u0259rr\u00fcat\u0131 il\u0259 t\u0259svir edilir v\u0259 m\u00fcvafiq s\u0259sl\u0259 m\u00fc\u015fayi\u0259t olunur. Bir \u00e7ox hallarda bu prosesin gedi\u015fi q\u0259tl t\u00f6r\u0259tm\u0259d\u0259n m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmur.<\/p>\n

N\u0259z\u0259r\u0259 alsaq ki, bu g\u00fcn Az\u0259rbaycanda yetkinlik ya\u015f\u0131na \u00e7atmayanlar\u0131n internet\u0259 daxil olmaq imkan\u0131 80%-\u0259 yax\u0131nd\u0131r, bu halda onlar\u0131n internet t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259sizliyini t\u0259min etm\u0259k z\u0259ruridir. Az\u0259rbaycanda u\u015faq v\u0259 yeniyetm\u0259l\u0259rin internet t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259sizliyini t\u0259min etm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn art\u0131q indid\u0259n internet\u0259 giri\u015f\u0259 dair internet-klublarda, m\u0259kt\u0259bl\u0259rd\u0259 v\u0259 evd\u0259 t\u00f6vsiy\u0259 xarakterli add\u0131mlar atmaq \u00e7ox vacibdir. He\u00e7 kim\u0259 sirr deyildir ki, informasiya texnologiyalar\u0131n\u0131n inki\u015faf\u0131n\u0131n internet istifad\u0259\u00e7il\u0259rin\u0259 m\u00fcsb\u0259t t\u0259siril\u0259 yana\u015f\u0131, m\u0259nfi t\u0259sirl\u0259ri d\u0259 vard\u0131r. T\u0259dqiqatlar g\u00f6strir ki, d\u00fcnyada internet istifad\u0259\u00e7il\u0259rinin 50%-i 8-15 ya\u015f\u0131nda olan u\u015faq v\u0259 yeniyetm\u0259l\u0259rdir. Bununla bel\u0259, onlar\u0131n be\u015fd\u0259 biri (1\/5) cinay\u0259tkarlar\u0131n qurban\u0131na \u00e7evrilir v\u0259 ona g\u00f6r\u0259 d\u0259 bu sah\u0259d\u0259 apar\u0131lan maarifl\u0259ndirm\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259rini g\u00fccl\u0259ndirm\u0259k olduqca z\u0259ruridir [34].<\/p>\n

Bununla yana\u015f\u0131, u\u015faqlar\u0131n internet as\u0131l\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 v\u0259t\u0259np\u0259rv\u0259rlik, m\u0259n\u0259viyyat, reall\u0131q, canl\u0131 \u00fcnsiyy\u0259t v\u0259 s. kimi m\u0259fhumlar\u0131 arxa plana ke\u00e7ir\u0259r\u0259k, onlar\u0131n ail\u0259d\u0259 v\u0259 m\u0259kt\u0259bd\u0259 sosialla\u015fmas\u0131, sosiuma adaptasiyas\u0131 prosesl\u0259rind\u0259 probleml\u0259r yarad\u0131r. Ona g\u00f6r\u0259 d\u0259 bu sah\u0259d\u0259ki \u0259n m\u00fch\u00fcm v\u0259zif\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259n biri maarifl\u0259ndirm\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259rinin h\u0259m evd\u0259, h\u0259m m\u0259kt\u0259bd\u0259, h\u0259m d\u0259 K\u0130V vasit\u0259sil\u0259 apar\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Eyni zamanda, u\u015faqlar v\u0259 yeniyetm\u0259l\u0259r yeni n\u0259sil mobil telefonlara x\u00fcsusi maraq g\u00f6st\u0259rirl\u0259r. U\u015faqlar internetd\u0259 daha \u00e7ox m\u0259\u015fhur insanlar\u0131n \u015f\u0259xsi h\u0259yat\u0131 il\u0259 \u0259laq\u0259li informasiyan\u0131 izl\u0259yir v\u0259 komp\u00fcterl\u0259 oldu\u011fu kimi telefonu da tan\u0131\u015fl\u0131q, virtual \u00fcnsiyy\u0259t, videooyunlar, bir-birin\u0259 pornoqrafik materiallar v\u0259 komp\u00fcter oyunlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fclm\u0259si v\u0259 s. \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn istifad\u0259 edirl\u0259r. Ona g\u00f6r\u0259 d\u0259 u\u015faqlar\u0131n v\u0259 yeniyetm\u0259l\u0259rin evd\u0259, m\u0259kt\u0259bd\u0259, internet-klublarda v\u0259 dig\u0259r ictimai yerl\u0259rd\u0259 internet\u0259 giri\u015fini m\u0259hdudla\u015fd\u0131rmaq m\u0259qs\u0259dil\u0259 telefon v\u0259 komp\u00fcterl\u0259r \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn filtr-proqramlar\u0131n yarad\u0131lmas\u0131 z\u0259ruridir.<\/p>\n

Bel\u0259likl\u0259, m\u0259tbuat v\u0259 elektron K\u0130V-l\u0259r, kinematoqrafiya, musiqi \u0259ks\u0259r hallarda yeniyetm\u0259l\u0259rin deviant v\u0259 cinay\u0259tkar davran\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n formala\u015fmas\u0131na kifay\u0259t q\u0259d\u0259r ciddi t\u0259sir g\u00f6st\u0259r\u0259r\u0259 bil\u0259r. Profilaktika \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u0259rini m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n etm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn yeniyetm\u0259nin c\u0259miyy\u0259tin kriminogen m\u00fchit\u0259 qo\u015fulmas\u0131na meyilliliyini v\u0259 s\u0259b\u0259bini ba\u015fa d\u00fc\u015fm\u0259k z\u0259ruridir. Potensial cinay\u0259tkar\u0131n \u0259m\u0259l\u0259 g\u0259lm\u0259sin\u0259 t\u0259sir ed\u0259n hadis\u0259l\u0259rin \u00fcz\u0259 \u00e7\u0131xar\u0131lmas\u0131 v\u0259 t\u0259hlil edilm\u0259si vacibdir, \u00e7\u00fcnki bu halda h\u00fcquqazidd davran\u0131\u015f\u0131n sosial aspektl\u0259rini a\u00e7\u0131qlamaq m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olar.<\/p>\n

Qeyri-qanuni davran\u0131\u015f f\u0259rdl\u0259rin v\u0259 ya qruplar\u0131n \u015f\u00fcur v\u0259 ya irad\u0259si, h\u0259m\u00e7inin \u015f\u0259xsi maraq, nifr\u0259t, aqressivlik motivl\u0259ri il\u0259 idar\u0259 olunan, c\u0259miyy\u0259td\u0259 m\u00f6vcud h\u00fcquq normalar\u0131n\u0131 pozan v\u0259 h\u00fcquqi n\u0259tic\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 s\u0259b\u0259b olan ictimai t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259li davran\u0131\u015fd\u0131r [4].<\/p>\n

H\u00fcquqazidd davran\u0131\u015f \u2013 f\u0259rdl\u0259r v\u0259 qruplar\u0131n \u015f\u00fcuralt\u0131s\u0131, yaxud irad\u0259si, el\u0259c\u0259 d\u0259 \u015f\u0259xsi maraq, nifr\u0259t, aqressivlik motivl\u0259ri il\u0259 idar\u0259 olunan, c\u0259miyy\u0259td\u0259 m\u00f6vcud h\u00fcquq normalar\u0131n\u0131 pozan v\u0259 h\u00fcquqi n\u0259tic\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 g\u0259tirib \u00e7\u0131xaran sosial t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259li davran\u0131\u015fd\u0131r [8]. G\u00f6r\u00fcnd\u00fcy\u00fc kimi, cinay\u0259tkarlar sosial normalar\u0131 t\u0259hrif edirl\u0259r ki, bu da sonradan c\u0259miyy\u0259t \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259li \u0259m\u0259ll\u0259r\u0259 cevrilir. Sosial norma m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n bir c\u0259miyy\u0259td\u0259 tarix\u0259n inki\u015faf etmi\u015f insanlar\u0131n, sosial qruplar\u0131n, sosial t\u0259\u015fkilatlar\u0131n f\u0259aliyy\u0259tinin icaz\u0259 veril\u0259n (v\u0259 yaxud m\u0259cburi) davran\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n s\u0259rh\u0259dini, \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc, interval\u0131n\u0131 m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n edir. Fiziki v\u0259 bioloji prosesl\u0259rin t\u0259bii normalar\u0131ndan f\u0259rqli olaraq, sosial normalar c\u0259miyy\u0259tin f\u0259aliyy\u0259tinin obyektiv qanunlar\u0131n\u0131n insanlar\u0131n \u015f\u00fcurunda v\u0259 h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259tl\u0259rind\u0259 adekvat v\u0259 ya t\u0259hrif olunmu\u015f \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 \u0259ks olunmas\u0131 n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 formala\u015f\u0131r. Buna g\u00f6r\u0259 d\u0259 onlar ya \u201ct\u0259bii\u201d olmaqla c\u0259miyy\u0259tin inki\u015faf qanunlar\u0131na uy\u011fun g\u0259lir, ya onlara kifay\u0259t q\u0259d\u0259r adekvatd\u0131r, ya da obyektiv qanunlar\u0131n t\u0259hrif olunmu\u015f, m\u0259hdud, dini \u0259ks etdirm\u0259si s\u0259b\u0259bind\u0259n konflikt t\u0259\u015fkil edir. Bu zaman \u201cnorma\u201d anormal olur, normadan k\u0259nara\u00e7\u0131xmalar is\u0259 \u201cnormal\u201d [33].<\/p>\n

Yetkinlik ya\u015f\u0131na \u00e7atmayanlar\u0131n cinay\u0259tkarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n s\u0259viyy\u0259si c\u0259miyy\u0259t h\u0259yat\u0131n\u0131n ciddi g\u00f6st\u0259ricisidir v\u0259 sosial institutlar\u0131n f\u0259aliyy\u0259tinin s\u0259m\u0259r\u0259sizliyind\u0259n x\u0259b\u0259r verir. Bunun n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 yeni probleml\u0259r yaran\u0131r v\u0259 sosial m\u00fchitin m\u00f6vcud probleml\u0259ri daha da k\u0259skinl\u0259\u015fir.<\/p>\n

Ail\u0259 sosial institut kimi c\u0259miyy\u0259t \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn a\u011fr\u0131l\u0131 n\u0259tic\u0259l\u0259rl\u0259 s\u0259ciyy\u0259l\u0259n\u0259n \u00e7oxsayl\u0131 u\u011fursuzluqlara da malikdir. M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, sosial yetimlik, sahibsizlik, bax\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131q, n\u0259zar\u0259tsizlik, alkoqolizm, narkomaniya n\u0259tic\u0259d\u0259 deviant v\u0259 delinkvent davran\u0131\u015flara g\u0259tirib \u00e7\u0131xar\u0131r [12, 20-22; 13,13-15].<\/p>\n

Hal-haz\u0131rda c\u0259miyy\u0259td\u0259 deviant davran\u0131\u015f problemin\u0259 y\u00fcks\u0259k maraq m\u00fc\u015fahid\u0259 olunur. Deviant davran\u0131\u015f problemi deviant davran\u0131\u015f\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn n\u00f6vl\u0259ri \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn birl\u0259\u015fdirici konsepsiya kimi c\u0259miyy\u0259tin problemidir, onun h\u0259lli c\u0259miyy\u0259tin v\u0259 d\u00f6vl\u0259tin u\u011furlu m\u0259n\u0259vi v\u0259 \u0259xlaqi inki\u015faf\u0131na k\u00f6m\u0259k edir. Deviant davran\u0131\u015f n\u00f6vl\u0259rind\u0259n biri kimi yeniyetm\u0259l\u0259rin bilavasit\u0259 cinay\u0259tkar davran\u0131\u015f\u0131 probleml\u0259rinin m\u00fczakir\u0259sinin sosial \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259ti indi x\u00fcsusil\u0259 ayd\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr: cinay\u0259tkar davran\u0131\u015f\u0131n t\u0259zah\u00fcr formalar\u0131nda d\u0259yi\u015fiklik ba\u015f verir, bu ya\u015f qrupu aras\u0131nda cinay\u0259tkarl\u0131q art\u0131r, g\u0259ncl\u0259r t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n cinay\u0259t t\u00f6r\u0259tm\u0259 ya\u015f\u0131 azal\u0131r, onlar t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n t\u00f6r\u0259dil\u0259n a\u011f\u0131r cinay\u0259tl\u0259rin say\u0131 art\u0131r.<\/p>\n

G\u0259nc n\u0259sil aras\u0131nda delinkvent* davran\u0131\u015f\u0131n yay\u0131lmas\u0131na \u015f\u0259rait yaradan s\u0259b\u0259bl\u0259rin \u00f6yr\u0259nilm\u0259si v\u0259 aradan qald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, riskli davran\u0131\u015f\u0131n qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n al\u0131nmas\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn yeni, zamana uy\u011fun sosial texnologiyalar\u0131n t\u0259tbiqi haz\u0131rda aktual z\u0259rur\u0259t\u0259 \u00e7evrilir. Delinkvent davran\u0131\u015f u\u015faq v\u0259 yeniyetm\u0259l\u0259rin h\u00fcquq normalar\u0131n\u0131 pozan, lakin m\u0259hdud t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259y\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 cinay\u0259t m\u0259suliyy\u0259tin\u0259 c\u0259lb edilm\u0259y\u0259n v\u0259 ya cinay\u0259t m\u0259suliyy\u0259ti ya\u015f\u0131na \u00e7atmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6r\u0259 m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n bir stereotip\u0259 \u00e7evril\u0259n qeyri-adi davran\u0131\u015f\u0131d\u0131r. Yetkinlik ya\u015f\u0131na \u00e7atd\u0131qda delinkvent avtomatik olaraq cinay\u0259tkar \u015f\u0259xsiyy\u0259t\u0259 \u00e7evrilir. Bel\u0259 ki, A.\u0130.Dolgova bel\u0259 q\u0259na\u0259t\u0259 g\u0259lib ki, yetkinlik ya\u015f\u0131na \u00e7atmam\u0131\u015f cinay\u0259t t\u00f6r\u0259d\u0259nl\u0259rin yaln\u0131z 10%-\u0259 yax\u0131n\u0131 g\u0259l\u0259c\u0259kd\u0259 \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc qanuni apar\u0131r [21, 9]. A.A.Taybakovun t\u0259dqiqat materiallar\u0131na g\u00f6r\u0259, pe\u015f\u0259kar cinay\u0259tkarlar\u0131n yar\u0131dan \u00e7oxu (53%) ilk cinay\u0259tini 14-16 ya\u015flar\u0131nda, 39%-i 17-18 ya\u015flar\u0131nda t\u00f6r\u0259tmi\u015fdir [29, 86].<\/p>\n

Hal-haz\u0131rda yeniyetm\u0259l\u0259rin delinkvent davran\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n \u0259sas t\u0259zah\u00fcr formalar\u0131na cinay\u0259tkarl\u0131g\u0131, s\u0259filliyi, avaral\u0131g\u0131, alkoqolizmi, dil\u0259n\u00e7iliyi v\u0259 s. aid etm\u0259k olar. Delinkvent davran\u0131\u015f\u0131n bu, m\u00fcxt\u0259lif formalar\u0131, bir qayda olaraq, qar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ql\u0131 \u0259laq\u0259d\u0259dirl\u0259r. S\u0259rxo\u015fluq, narkotik istifad\u0259si, t\u0259cav\u00fczkarl\u0131q v\u0259 h\u00fcquqazidd davran\u0131\u015f vahid blok yarad\u0131r. Bel\u0259 ki, yeniyetm\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259n h\u0259r hans\u0131 birinin delinkvent davran\u0131\u015fdan birin\u0259 c\u0259lb edilm\u0259si dig\u0259rl\u0259rinin d\u0259 c\u0259lb edilm\u0259si ehtimal\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131r\u0131r [30]. Sosioloqlar, psixoloqlar, h\u00fcquq\u015f\u00fcnaslar v\u0259 t\u0259bi\u0259t elml\u0259rinin n\u00fcmay\u0259nd\u0259l\u0259ri t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n delinkventliyin b\u00fct\u00fcn t\u0259zah\u00fcr formalar\u0131 aras\u0131nda \u0259n \u00e7ox \u00f6yr\u0259nil\u0259ni cinay\u0259tkarl\u0131qd\u0131r. Yeniyetm\u0259l\u0259rin delinkventliyinin \u0259sas\u0259n s\u0131rf sosial s\u0259b\u0259bl\u0259ri vard\u0131r. Bu s\u0259b\u0259bl\u0259rd\u0259n \u0259n ba\u015fl\u0131cas\u0131 t\u0259hsild\u0259ki \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmazl\u0131qlar hesab olunur. B\u0259zi m\u00fc\u0259llifl\u0259rin fikrinc\u0259, cinay\u0259t t\u00f6r\u0259d\u0259n yeniyetm\u0259l\u0259rin 30-dan 85%-\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259ri natamam ail\u0259d\u0259, y\u0259ni atas\u0131z v\u0259 ya deformasiyaya u\u011fram\u0131\u015f ail\u0259d\u0259 (sonradan ortaya \u00e7\u0131xan \u00f6gey ata il\u0259 v\u0259 ya daha nadir hallarda \u00f6gey ana il\u0259) b\u00f6y\u00fcy\u00fcr. B\u00fct\u00fcn bunlar c\u0259miyy\u0259td\u0259ki a\u011f\u0131r iqtisadi v\u0259ziyy\u0259tl\u0259 birl\u0259\u015f\u0259r\u0259k g\u0259ncl\u0259ri k\u00fclli miqdarda x\u0131rda o\u011furluq, narkotik vasit\u0259l\u0259rin qanunsuz d\u00f6vriyy\u0259si v\u0259 dig\u0259r cinay\u0259tl\u0259r\u0259 \u0259vv\u0259lkind\u0259n daha \u00e7ox s\u00f6vq edir [7, 208; 8].<\/p>\n

Bu kateqoriyadan olan yetkinlik ya\u015f\u0131na \u00e7atmayan u\u015faqlara n\u0259zar\u0259td\u0259nk\u0259nar (bax\u0131ms\u0131z) u\u015faqlar\u0131n m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n hiss\u0259sini aid etm\u0259k olar. Ail\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259n ged\u0259n v\u0259 qeyri-ya\u015fay\u0131\u015f yerl\u0259rind\u0259 m\u0259skunla\u015fan u\u015faqlar n\u0259zar\u0259td\u0259n k\u0259nar qalan u\u015faqlard\u0131r (bax\u0131ms\u0131zlard\u0131r). Onlar qeyri-formal qanunlarla ya\u015fay\u0131r v\u0259 o\u011furluqla, yalan\u00e7\u0131l\u0131qla, dil\u0259n\u00e7ilikl\u0259 m\u0259\u015f\u011ful olaraq oz ya\u015fay\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 t\u0259min edirl\u0259r. Hal-haz\u0131rda u\u015faq n\u0259zar\u0259tsizliyi ild\u0259n-il\u0259 artan sosial problemdir. Onun yaranma s\u0259b\u0259bl\u0259ri valideyinl\u0259rin u\u015faqlara qar\u015f\u0131 \u0259xlaqa zidd davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131, ail\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 olan daimi m\u00fcnaqi\u015f\u0259l\u0259r, iqtisadiyyatdak\u0131 b\u00f6hran, i\u015fsizlik v\u0259 h\u0259m\u00e7inin tibbi-psixoloji xarakter da\u015f\u0131yan s\u0259b\u0259bl\u0259r v\u0259 s.-dir [2, 27-36; 9; 14, 7-9; 15, 35-45; 16, 155-159; 17, 61-71].<\/p>\n

U\u015faqlar\u0131n qeyri-qanuni f\u0259aliyy\u0259t\u0259 c\u0259lb edilm\u0259si, c\u0259miyy\u0259td\u0259 kriminogen v\u0259ziyy\u0259tin y\u00fcks\u0259lm\u0259si, narkotik ticar\u0259ti, fahi\u015f\u0259lik, t\u0259bii f\u0259lak\u0259tl\u0259r, u\u015faqlar\u0131n silahl\u0131 m\u00fcnaqi\u015f\u0259l\u0259r v\u0259ziyy\u0259tind\u0259 olan \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 apar\u0131lmas\u0131 (pulsuz h\u0259rbi g\u00fcc kimi istifad\u0259 etm\u0259k m\u0259qs\u0259di il\u0259) v\u0259 s. s\u0259b\u0259bl\u0259r u\u015faq n\u0259zar\u0259tsizliyinin artmas\u0131na g\u0259tirib \u00e7\u0131xar\u0131r. Bax\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n (u\u015faq n\u0259zar\u0259tsizliyinin) \u0259sas s\u0259b\u0259bi sosial-iqtisadi xarakter da\u015f\u0131y\u0131r [19].<\/p>\n

T\u0259\u0259ss\u00fcfl\u0259 etiraf etm\u0259k laz\u0131md\u0131r ki, Az\u0259rbaycanda n\u0259zar\u0259td\u0259nk\u0259nar u\u015faqlar haqq\u0131nda haz\u0131rda d\u0259qiq, etibarl\u0131 statistik m\u0259lumatlar yoxdur v\u0259 buna g\u00f6r\u0259 d\u0259 onlar\u0131n d\u0259qiq say\u0131n\u0131, ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131, cinsini, milli v\u0259 regional t\u0259rkibini g\u00f6st\u0259rm\u0259k olmur. Eyni zamanda qeyd etm\u0259k laz\u0131md\u0131r ki, kims\u0259siz\/n\u0259zar\u0259td\u0259nk\u0259nar u\u015faqlar haqq\u0131nda statistik g\u00f6st\u0259ricil\u0259rin olmamas\u0131, yaxud yet\u0259rsizliyi problemi yaln\u0131z Az\u0259rbaycanda deyil, dig\u0259r \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 d\u0259 m\u00f6vcuddur v\u0259 bu sah\u0259d\u0259 m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n \u00e7\u0259tinlikl\u0259r vard\u0131r. N\u0259zar\u0259td\u0259nk\u0259nar u\u015faq v\u0259 yeniyetm\u0259l\u0259r hakimiyy\u0259t v\u0259 h\u00fcquq-m\u00fchafiz\u0259 orqanlar\u0131n\u0131n n\u00fcmay\u0259nd\u0259l\u0259ri il\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131la\u015fmaqdan yay\u0131nma\u011fa meyillidirl\u0259r. Buna g\u00f6r\u0259 d\u0259 onlar statistik t\u0259hlild\u0259n k\u0259narda qal\u0131rlar. Birba\u015fa u\u015faqlarla i\u015fl\u0259y\u0259n t\u0259\u015fkilatlar, o c\u00fcml\u0259d\u0259n qeyri-h\u00f6kum\u0259t t\u0259\u015fkilatlar\u0131 bu sah\u0259d\u0259 \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tli d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259d\u0259 f\u0259aliyy\u0259t g\u00f6st\u0259r\u0259 bil\u0259rl\u0259r. Qeyd etm\u0259k olar ki, n\u0259zar\u0259td\u0259nk\u0259nar u\u015faqlar d\u00f6vl\u0259t strukturlar\u0131n\u0131n n\u00fcmay\u0259nd\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 nisb\u0259t\u0259n qeyri-h\u00f6kum\u0259t t\u0259\u015fkilatlar\u0131n\u0131n n\u00fcmay\u0259nd\u0259l\u0259ri il\u0259 daha s\u0259mimi olurlar.<\/p>\n

C\u0259miyy\u0259td\u0259 kims\u0259siz u\u00e7aqlarin say\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7oxalmas\u0131 yeniyetm\u0259l\u0259r aras\u0131nda cinay\u0259tkarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n artmas\u0131n\u0131, narkomaniya, toksikomaniya, alkoqolizm, u\u015faq fahi\u015f\u0259liyi, v\u0259r\u0259m, hepatit, siflis, h\u0259m\u00e7inin z\u00f6hr\u0259vi x\u0259st\u0259likl\u0259rin yay\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcr\u0259tl\u0259ndirir. Ekspertl\u0259rin fikrinc\u0259, d\u00f6rd ild\u0259 (2012-2016) t\u0259\u015fkilatlar* 950-d\u0259n \u00e7ox m\u00fcraci\u0259t ed\u0259n v\u0259 yard\u0131m ist\u0259y\u0259n \u0259ks\u0259riyy\u0259ti o\u011flan olan k\u00fc\u00e7\u0259 u\u015fa\u011f\u0131n\u0131 qeyd\u0259 al\u0131blar [6, 306-313; 19; 25, 59; 34].<\/p>\n

Ancaq m\u00fc\u015fahid\u0259l\u0259rimiz g\u00f6st\u0259rir ki, son zamanlar n\u0259zar\u0259tsiz u\u015faqlar aras\u0131nda 13-16 ya\u015fad\u0259k q\u0131z u\u015faqlar\u0131n\u0131n say\u0131 artmaqdad\u0131r v\u0259 onlar da dil\u0259n\u00e7ilikl\u0259 m\u0259\u015f\u011ful olur. Problem ondad\u0131r ki, bu u\u015faqlar Az\u0259rbaycan Respublikas\u0131n\u0131n v\u0259t\u0259nda\u015flar\u0131 oldu\u011fu halda, onlar\u0131n \u0259ks\u0259riyy\u0259tinin kimlikl\u0259rini t\u0259sdiq ed\u0259n s\u0259n\u0259dl\u0259ri yoxdur. \u018fn pis hal da odur ki, n\u0259zar\u0259tsiz u\u015faqlar\u0131n 70%-i h\u0259r iki valideynd\u0259n m\u0259hrumdur v\u0259 yaxud valideynl\u0259rind\u0259n biri yoxdur.<\/p>\n

U\u015faqlar\u0131n n\u0259zar\u0259td\u0259n k\u0259nar qalmalar\u0131n\u0131n s\u0259b\u0259bl\u0259rind\u0259n biri d\u0259 onlar\u0131n daimi ya\u015fay\u0131\u015f yerl\u0259rini itirm\u0259sil\u0259 \u0259laq\u0259dar olaraq ail\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259n ayr\u0131 d\u00fc\u015fm\u0259l\u0259ridir. Ail\u0259 il\u0259, valideyinl\u0259rl\u0259, qohumlarla \u0259laq\u0259l\u0259rin tamamil\u0259 k\u0259silm\u0259si, insan \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259 tutulmam\u0131\u015f yerl\u0259rd\u0259 ya\u015fama, c\u0259miyy\u0259td\u0259 q\u0259bul olunmayan yollarla (m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, dil\u0259n\u00e7ilik, o\u011furluq) ya\u015famaq, qeyri-formal qanunlara tabe olmaq kims\u0259sizliyin \u0259lam\u0259tl\u0259ridir. Kims\u0259siz qalma\u011f\u0131n t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259si ondad\u0131r ki, bel\u0259 \u015f\u0259xsl\u0259r c\u0259miyy\u0259t\u0259 xas olan d\u0259y\u0259r, norma v\u0259 davran\u0131\u015f qaydalar\u0131n\u0131n \u0259sas\u0131nda normal ictimai h\u0259yata uy\u011funla\u015fa bilmir, bir s\u0131ra hallarda cinay\u0259t t\u00f6r\u0259dir v\u0259 bunu \u00f6zl\u0259rinin g\u0259l\u0259c\u0259k h\u0259yat\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn norma kimi q\u0259bul edirl\u0259r.<\/p>\n

Az\u0259rbaycanda kims\u0259siz (n\u0259zar\u0259td\u0259nk\u0259nar) u\u015faqlar problemi kifay\u0259t q\u0259d\u0259r k\u0259skin qoyulmu\u015fdur. N\u0259zar\u0259td\u0259nk\u0259nar u\u015faqlar problemini t\u0259dqiq ed\u0259rk\u0259n m\u0259lum olur ki, onlar\u0131n \u0259ks\u0259riyy\u0259tinin valideynl\u0259ri sa\u011fd\u0131r. Onlar\u0131n b\u00f6y\u00fck \u0259ks\u0259riyy\u0259ti \u00f6z ail\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259n, internatdan v\u0259 ya onlar\u0131 \u00f6vladl\u0131\u011fa g\u00f6t\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015f ail\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259n qa\u00e7m\u0131\u015f u\u015faqlard\u0131r. Bel\u0259 u\u015faqlar zorak\u0131l\u0131q, d\u00f6y\u00fclm\u0259, h\u0259m\u00e7inin insan alveri v\u0259 traffikinq qurbanlar\u0131 olurlar. Onlar \u00e7ox zaman alkoqol v\u0259 narkotik as\u0131l\u0131l\u0131\u011fa m\u0259ruz qal\u0131rlar [6, 306-313; 8; 24; 36].<\/p>\n

Polis t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n dil\u0259n\u00e7ilik v\u0259 avara h\u0259yat s\u00fcr\u0259nl\u0259r\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fcbariz\u0259 apar\u0131l\u0131r v\u0259 bu sah\u0259d\u0259 bir \u00e7ox t\u0259dbirl\u0259r g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Ancaq bunun \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn yaln\u0131z bir strukturun i\u015f aparmas\u0131 praktik olaraq qeyri-m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Az\u0259rbaycanda bu sah\u0259d\u0259 movcud olan b\u00fct\u00fcn m\u00fcvafiq qurumlar\u0131n – Ail\u0259, Qad\u0131n v\u0259 U\u015faq Probleml\u0259ri \u00fczr\u0259 D\u00f6vl\u0259t Komit\u0259sinin, Elm v\u0259 T\u0259hsil Nazirliyinin v\u0259 dig\u0259r qurumlar\u0131n birg\u0259 profilaktik i\u015f aparmalar\u0131 z\u0259ruridir. N\u0259 d\u00f6vl\u0259t orqanlar\u0131, n\u0259 d\u0259 c\u0259miyy\u0259t t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n u\u015faqlara qar\u015f\u0131 bigan\u0259lik g\u00f6st\u0259rilm\u0259si yolverilm\u0259zdir. \u0130st\u0259r ail\u0259d\u0259, ist\u0259rs\u0259 d\u0259 u\u015faq evl\u0259rind\u0259 u\u015faqlara qar\u015f\u0131 h\u0259r hans\u0131 \u015fidd\u0259t g\u00f6st\u0259rilm\u0259si hallar\u0131 m\u00fcvafiq strukturlar\u0131n diqq\u0259tind\u0259n k\u0259narda qalmamal\u0131d\u0131r. U\u015faqlar\u0131n probleml\u0259ri erk\u0259n m\u0259rh\u0259l\u0259d\u0259 a\u015fkar edilm\u0259li v\u0259 adekvat t\u0259dbirl\u0259r g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u0259lidir.<\/p>\n

\u00d6vladlar\u0131na qar\u015f\u0131 m\u0259suliyy\u0259t hiss etm\u0259y\u0259n valideynl\u0259rin say\u0131n\u0131n artd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 n\u0259z\u0259r\u0259 alaraq, d\u00f6vl\u0259t strukturlar\u0131n\u0131n \u0259n az\u0131 he\u00e7 olmasa m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259d\u0259 u\u015faqlara qay\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6st\u0259rm\u0259si z\u0259ruridir. Bel\u0259 ki, Az\u0259rbaycanda sosial i\u015f\u00e7i institutu yenic\u0259 formala\u015f\u0131r. Qeyd etm\u0259k laz\u0131md\u0131r ki, Q\u0259rb \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rinin bu sah\u0259d\u0259ki n\u00fcmun\u0259sind\u0259n istifad\u0259 etm\u0259k olar. Bununla bel\u0259, ekspertl\u0259r ke\u00e7\u0259n ill\u0259r\u0259 nisb\u0259t\u0259n haz\u0131rda cinsi yolla ke\u00e7\u0259n x\u0259st\u0259likl\u0259rin azalmas\u0131 il\u0259 \u0259laq\u0259li pozitiv bir m\u0259qam\u0131 da qeyd edirl\u0259r. K\u00fc\u00e7\u0259d\u0259 ya\u015fayan u\u015faqlar aras\u0131nda m\u00fcnt\u0259z\u0259m olaraq erk\u0259n ya\u015fda cinsi \u0259laq\u0259nin m\u0259nfi n\u0259tic\u0259l\u0259ri haqq\u0131nda maarif\u00e7ilik i\u015fl\u0259rinin apar\u0131lmas\u0131 da buna \u00f6z t\u0259sirini g\u00f6st\u0259rmi\u015fdir. He\u00e7 kim\u0259 sirr deyil ki, \u00e7ox zaman k\u00fc\u00e7\u0259 u\u015faqlar\u0131 pedofill\u0259rin qurban\u0131na \u00e7evrilirl\u0259r. B\u0259zi hallarda ya\u015fca b\u00f6y\u00fck kims\u0259siz u\u015faqlar ki\u00e7ikl\u0259r\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 seksual h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259tl\u0259r edir v\u0259 onlar\u0131 cinsi yax\u0131nl\u0131\u011fa m\u0259cbur edirl\u0259r. U\u015faqlar \u0259ks\u0259r halda bu g\u00fcn\u00fcn d\u0259h\u015f\u0259tli olaylar\u0131n\u0131 d\u0259rk etmir, lakin bu hal u\u015faq psixikas\u0131nda silinm\u0259z iz qoyur ki, bunlar da sonralar onun davran\u0131\u015f\u0131na t\u0259sir edir. Bununla bel\u0259, ekspertl\u0259r kims\u0259siz u\u015faqlar i\u00e7\u0259risind\u0259 v\u0259r\u0259m x\u0259st\u0259likl\u0259rinin artmas\u0131 fakt\u0131n\u0131 da etiraf edir v\u0259 bildirirl\u0259r ki, son ill\u0259rd\u0259 12-18 ya\u015fda v\u0259r\u0259m x\u0259st\u0259liyin\u0259 tutulan k\u00fc\u00e7\u0259d\u0259 ya\u015fayan u\u015faqlar \u00fcz\u0259 \u00e7\u0131xar\u0131lm\u0131\u015f v\u0259 onlar v\u0259r\u0259m dispanserin\u0259 yerl\u0259\u015fdirilmi\u015fl\u0259r. Ekspertl\u0259r bel\u0259 bir m\u0259qama diqq\u0259t yetirirl\u0259r ki, v\u0259r\u0259m\u0259 meyilli olan u\u015faqlar toksikomanlard\u0131r (yap\u0131\u015fqan madd\u0259l\u0259ri iyl\u0259y\u0259nl\u0259r).<\/p>\n

K\u00fc\u00e7\u0259d\u0259 ya\u015fayan u\u015faqlar t\u0259kc\u0259 \u00f6z sa\u011flaml\u0131qlar\u0131n\u0131 deyil, h\u0259m d\u0259 h\u0259yatlar\u0131n\u0131 risk alt\u0131na at\u0131rlar. El\u0259 hallar var ki, u\u015faqlar iz qoymadan yoxa \u00e7\u0131x\u0131rlar. Bu u\u015faqlar zorlan\u0131r, d\u00f6y\u00fcl\u00fcr, \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcr v\u0259 \u00e7ox vaxt onlar yol-n\u0259qliyyat hadis\u0259l\u0259rinin qurbanlar\u0131 olurlar. Onlardan h\u0259m\u00e7inin u\u015faq alver\u00e7il\u0259ri t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n orqanlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7\u0131xar\u0131lmas\u0131, u\u015faq \u0259m\u0259yind\u0259n istifad\u0259, \u201cseks-biznes\u201d v\u0259 ba\u015fqa m\u0259qs\u0259dl\u0259rl\u0259 d\u0259 istifad\u0259 edirl\u0259r.<\/p>\n

K\u00fc\u00e7\u0259d\u0259ki a\u011f\u0131r h\u0259yat u\u015faqlar\u0131n psixikas\u0131nda iz buraxd\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, onlar ba\u015fqalar\u0131na qar\u015f\u0131 q\u0259ddar olurlar. \u00dcst\u0259lik, q\u0259ddar u\u015faqlar daha sonra b\u00fct\u00fcn d\u00fcnyaya q\u0259z\u0259bl\u0259n\u0259n q\u0259ddar b\u00f6y\u00fckl\u0259r\u0259 \u00e7evrilirl\u0259r. G\u0259l\u0259c\u0259kd\u0259 \u00f6z ail\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 v\u0259 \u00f6vladlar\u0131na qar\u015f\u0131 q\u0259ddar valideyn olurlar. Kims\u0259siz u\u015faqlar aras\u0131nda onlar\u0131n a\u011f\u0131r h\u0259yatda qar\u015f\u0131la\u015fd\u0131qlar\u0131 problem v\u0259 riskl\u0259ri m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n etm\u0259k m\u0259qs\u0259dil\u0259 apard\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z ara\u015fd\u0131rmalar g\u00f6st\u0259rir ki, valideynl\u0259rin u\u015faqlar\u0131 d\u00f6ym\u0259si, i\u015fg\u0259nc\u0259 verm\u0259si, i\u015fl\u0259m\u0259y\u0259 m\u0259cbur etm\u0259si, n\u0259tic\u0259d\u0259 sonuncular\u0131n intihar etm\u0259si he\u00e7 d\u0259 az rast g\u0259lin\u0259n hal deyil. T\u0259\u0259ss\u00fcf ki, hal-haz\u0131rda u\u015faqlar aras\u0131nda intihar hallar\u0131 \u00e7oxal\u0131b. Bu h\u0259m d\u0259 m\u0259kt\u0259bl\u0259 ail\u0259 aras\u0131nda \u0259laq\u0259nin itm\u0259si, sosial i\u015f institutunun formala\u015fmamas\u0131 v\u0259 s. n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 ba\u015f verir.<\/p>\n

Az\u0259rbaycanda k\u00fc\u00e7\u0259d\u0259 ya\u015fayan u\u015faqlar \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn sosial s\u0131\u011f\u0131nacaqlar\u0131n v\u0259 reabilitasiya m\u0259rk\u0259zl\u0259rinin yarad\u0131lmas\u0131 il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 ekspertl\u0259r qeyd edibl\u0259r ki, h\u0259l\u0259 2005-ci ilin avqustunda \u201cYetkinlik ya\u015f\u0131na \u00e7atmayanlar\u0131n bax\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n v\u0259 h\u00fcquq pozuntular\u0131n\u0131n qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n al\u0131nmas\u0131 haqq\u0131nda\u201d Qanun q\u0259bul edilib v\u0259 burada bir s\u0131ra m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259r \u00f6z \u0259ksini tap\u0131b. Bununla bel\u0259, Az\u0259rbaycan Respublikas\u0131 Daxili \u0130\u015fl\u0259r Nazirliyinin ekspertl\u0259rinin fikrinc\u0259, s\u0131\u011f\u0131nacaq v\u0259 m\u0259rk\u0259zl\u0259rin yarad\u0131lmas\u0131 h\u0259val\u0259 edilmi\u015f T\u0259hsil Nazirliyi il\u0259 \u018fm\u0259k v\u0259 \u018fhalinin Sosial M\u00fcdafi\u0259si Nazirliyi h\u0259l\u0259 d\u0259 bu sah\u0259d\u0259 he\u00e7 bir f\u0259aliyy\u0259t g\u00f6st\u0259rmirl\u0259r v\u0259 ya f\u0259aliyy\u0259tl\u0259ri kifay\u0259t q\u0259d\u0259r g\u00f6z\u0259d\u0259y\u0259n deyil. Bu m\u00fcnasib\u0259tl\u0259 Daxili \u0130\u015fl\u0259r Nazirliyi d\u0259f\u0259l\u0259rl\u0259 aidiyy\u0259ti orqanlara m\u00fcraci\u0259t ets\u0259 d\u0259, n\u0259tic\u0259siz qal\u0131b. Daxili \u0130\u015fl\u0259r Nazirliyinin ekspertl\u0259ri d\u0259 qeyd edirl\u0259r ki, onlarda k\u00fc\u00e7\u0259 u\u015faqlar\u0131 il\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259y\u0259 bil\u0259c\u0259k bir qurum yoxdur [1, 198-205; 34].<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

N\u0259tic\u0259<\/strong><\/p>\n

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Son zamanlar c\u0259miyy\u0259timizd\u0259 tez-tez azya\u015fl\u0131 u\u015faqlar t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n t\u00f6r\u0259dilmi\u015f cinay\u0259t faktlar\u0131 il\u0259 rastla\u015f\u0131r\u0131q v\u0259 bel\u0259 hallarda daha \u00e7ox \u00f6z-\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcz\u0259 sual veririk: \u201cN\u0259 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn insanlar bel\u0259 q\u0259ddarla\u015f\u0131b v\u0259 niy\u0259 u\u015faqlar z\u00fclm \u00e7\u0259kir?\u201d \u018fg\u0259r h\u0259tta yaln\u0131z bir b\u0259db\u0259xt u\u015faq varsa, dem\u0259k ki, c\u0259miyy\u0259td\u0259 problem m\u00f6vcuddur v\u0259 \u0259g\u0259r problem m\u00f6vcuddursa, dem\u0259k ki, onu h\u0259ll etm\u0259k laz\u0131md\u0131r! \u018fb\u0259s yer\u0259 deyilm\u0259yib: \u201cB\u00fct\u00fcn d\u00fcnya u\u015fa\u011f\u0131n bir damla g\u00f6z ya\u015f\u0131na d\u0259ym\u0259z!\u201d<\/p>\n

Bel\u0259 ki, h\u0259r bir u\u015fa\u011f\u0131n ya\u015fay\u0131\u015f yerin\u0259, ail\u0259y\u0259, t\u0259hsil alma\u011fa, \u015fidd\u0259t v\u0259 zorak\u0131l\u0131qdan, seksual zorak\u0131l\u0131q daxil olmaqla m\u00fcdafi\u0259 haqq\u0131 var v\u0259 h\u0259r bir valideyn bunu bilir. Ancaq, t\u0259\u0259s\u00fcfl\u0259r olsun ki, b\u00fct\u00fcn valideynl\u0259r u\u015faqlar\u0131na g\u00f6r\u0259 m\u0259suliyy\u0259t da\u015f\u0131m\u0131r. Bunun \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn c\u0259miyy\u0259t v\u0259 d\u00f6vl\u0259t k\u00fc\u00e7\u0259d\u0259 ya\u015fayan kims\u0259siz u\u015faqlara k\u00f6m\u0259k etm\u0259lidir ki, onlar normal h\u0259yata qay\u0131ts\u0131nlar. Bu problemin h\u0259lli yolu b\u00f6y\u00fck imkanlar\u0131 olan Az\u0259rbaycanda bu sah\u0259d\u0259 x\u00fcsusi bir m\u0259rk\u0259zin yarad\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r. Bu m\u0259rk\u0259zd\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259 t\u0259min olunan sosial i\u015f\u00e7il\u0259r, pedaqoqlar, psixoloqlar, h\u00fcquq sah\u0259sinin m\u00fct\u0259x\u0259ssisl\u0259ri v\u0259 ba\u015fqalar\u0131 n\u0259inki sad\u0259c\u0259 \u201ctravmal\u0131\u201d u\u015fa\u011fa qulluq ed\u0259r, h\u0259m d\u0259 asud\u0259 vaxt\u0131nda onunla m\u0259\u015f\u011ful olar, onun \u201c\u015f\u0259xsiyy\u0259t\u201d kimi formala\u015fmas\u0131na k\u00f6m\u0259k ed\u0259r. Bununla bel\u0259, ekspertl\u0259r* bildirirl\u0259r ki, umumi g\u00f6t\u00fcrd\u00fckd\u0259 respublikada yeniyetm\u0259l\u0259r aras\u0131nda cinay\u0259tkarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n azalmas\u0131 meyli m\u00fc\u015fahid\u0259 olunur [22; 23; 26; 34].<\/p>\n

Eyni zamanda, ekspertl\u0259r* qeyd edirl\u0259r ki, Az\u0259rbaycanda cinay\u0259t m\u0259suliyy\u0259ti da\u015f\u0131mas\u0131 ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131n 14 ya\u015fdan 12 ya\u015fa endirm\u0259y\u0259 z\u0259rur\u0259t yoxdur. \u00dcst\u0259lik, u\u015faq c\u0259za\u00e7\u0259km\u0259 m\u00fc\u0259ssis\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 yeniyetm\u0259 m\u0259hbuslar\u0131n say\u0131 azd\u0131r. Bizd\u0259, Rusiya v\u0259 dig\u0259r \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 oldu\u011fu kimi, yeniyetm\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259n ibar\u0259t q\u0259tl\u0259r t\u00f6r\u0259d\u0259n v\u0259 soy\u011fun\u00e7uluqla m\u0259\u015f\u011ful olan quldur d\u0259st\u0259l\u0259ri yoxdur. Burada yeniyetm\u0259 bax\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 problemi var v\u0259 h\u0259qiq\u0259t bundan ibar\u0259tdir. M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, ke\u00e7mi\u015f SSR\u0130-nin m\u00f6vcudlu\u011fu zaman\u0131 bu m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259y\u0259 ciddi diqq\u0259t yetirilirdi. U\u015faqlar\u0131 h\u0259r hans\u0131 bir m\u0259\u015f\u011fuliyy\u0259t\u0259 c\u0259lb etm\u0259y\u0259 \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rd\u0131lar. Yarad\u0131c\u0131l\u0131q d\u0259rn\u0259kl\u0259ri, yay d\u00fc\u015f\u0259rg\u0259l\u0259ri m\u00f6vcud idi v\u0259 orada m\u0259kt\u0259bli ya\u015f\u0131nda olan b\u00fct\u00fcn u\u015faqlar\u0131 \u0259hat\u0259 etm\u0259y\u0259 \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rd\u0131lar. Sovetl\u0259r d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259 b\u00fct\u00fcn u\u015faqlar d\u00f6vl\u0259tin himay\u0259sind\u0259 idi, m\u0259kt\u0259b\u0259 getm\u0259y\u0259n u\u015faqlar m\u0259kt\u0259b\u0259 getm\u0259y\u0259 m\u0259cbur edilirdi, \u00fcmumi m\u0259cburi ibtidai t\u0259hsil q\u00fcvv\u0259d\u0259 idi. Haz\u0131rk\u0131 \u015f\u0259raitd\u0259, sovetl\u0259r d\u00f6vr\u00fc il\u0259 m\u00fcqayis\u0259d\u0259 d\u00f6vl\u0259t u\u015faq probleml\u0259rin\u0259 diqq\u0259tini azaltm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Ancaq qeyd etm\u0259k laz\u0131md\u0131r ki, son zamanlar sosial probleml\u0259r, \u00fcnvanl\u0131 sosial yard\u0131m v\u0259 m\u00fcavin\u0259tl\u0259rin art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 v\u0259 s. kimi m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259r t\u0259dric\u0259n h\u0259ll olunur. \u201cProblemli\u201d u\u015faqlarla ba\u011fl\u0131 b\u0259zi t\u0259dbirl\u0259r, proqramlar h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irils\u0259 d\u0259, u\u015faqlar\u0131n asud\u0259 vaxt\u0131na az diqq\u0259t yetirilir [35].<\/p>\n

Bel\u0259 ki, Az\u0259rbaycanda u\u015faqlar\u0131n m\u00fcdafi\u0259si sah\u0259sind\u0259 \u0259n vacib v\u0259sif\u0259l\u0259r kims\u0259siz u\u015faqlar\u0131n reabilitasiyas\u0131, valideyn himay\u0259sind\u0259n m\u0259hrum olan u\u015faqlara alternativ xidm\u0259tl\u0259r g\u00f6st\u0259rilm\u0259si, fiziki imkanlar\u0131 m\u0259hdud olan u\u015faqlar\u0131n c\u0259miyy\u0259t\u0259 inteqrasiya edilm\u0259si, erk\u0259n nikahlar\u0131n qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n al\u0131nmas\u0131 v\u0259 q\u0131z u\u015faqlar\u0131n\u0131n yar\u0131m\u00e7\u0131q qalm\u0131\u015f orta m\u0259kt\u0259b t\u0259hsilini davam etm\u0259kl\u0259 \u0259laq\u0259li probleml\u0259rin h\u0259ll edilm\u0259sidir. U\u015faq haqlar\u0131 il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 m\u00fcdafi\u0259 sisteminin m\u00f6hk\u0259ml\u0259ndirilm\u0259si \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn bu sah\u0259d\u0259 f\u0259aliyy\u0259t g\u00f6st\u0259r\u0259n b\u00fct\u00fcn qurumlar\u0131n kordinasiyal\u0131 i\u015f g\u00f6rm\u0259si z\u0259ruridir [2, 27-36; 3, 176-217; 3, 325-331; 32].<\/p>\n

Az\u0259rbaycan Respublikas\u0131n\u0131n Prezidenti \u0130lham \u018fliyevin imzalad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201cU\u015faq h\u00fcquqlar\u0131n\u0131n h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irilm\u0259si \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 d\u00f6vl\u0259t n\u0259zar\u0259ti qaydas\u0131 haqq\u0131nda\u201d s\u0259r\u0259ncam bu sah\u0259d\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259rin istiqam\u0259tini m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n etdi. Bu s\u0259r\u0259ncam\u0131n h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irilm\u0259si \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn bir s\u0131ra t\u0259dbirl\u0259r, h\u0259m\u00e7inin u\u015faq h\u00fcquqlar\u0131 \u00fczr\u0259 m\u0259lumatlar\u0131n elektron bank\u0131n\u0131n yarad\u0131lmas\u0131 qaydalar\u0131 i\u015fl\u0259nib haz\u0131rlan\u0131r [4; 28; 32].<\/p>\n

\u018fn vacib m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259n biri yuvenal (u\u015faq probleml\u0259ri il\u0259 \u0259laq\u0259li) \u0259dliyy\u0259 sah\u0259sind\u0259 edil\u0259n d\u0259yi\u015fiklikl\u0259rdir. Bununla \u0259laq\u0259li \u201cYuvenal \u0259dliyy\u0259 haqq\u0131nda\u201d Qanun layih\u0259si i\u015fl\u0259nib haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f v\u0259 ictimai m\u00fczakir\u0259y\u0259 t\u0259qdim edilmi\u015fdir. Bundan ba\u015fqa, h\u00fcquq-m\u00fchafiz\u0259 orqanlar\u0131 i\u015f\u00e7il\u0259rinin u\u015faqlarla i\u015fl\u0259m\u0259k bacar\u0131qlar\u0131n\u0131n t\u0259kmill\u0259\u015fdirilm\u0259si, yetkinlik ya\u015f\u0131na \u00e7atmayanlar\u0131n c\u0259zaland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n alternativ \u00fcsullar\u0131ndan istifad\u0259 edilm\u0259si, cinay\u0259tin qurban\u0131 v\u0259 ya \u015fahidi olmu\u015f yeniyetm\u0259l\u0259rin m\u00fcdafi\u0259si \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn x\u00fcsusi t\u0259dbirl\u0259rin h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irilm\u0259si istiqam\u0259tind\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259r davam etdirilir. \u00dcmumilikd\u0259, son ill\u0259rd\u0259 bir s\u0131ra t\u0259dbirl\u0259rin h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irilm\u0259si n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 yeniyetm\u0259l\u0259r aras\u0131nda cinay\u0259tkarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n azalmas\u0131 m\u00fc\u015fahid\u0259 edilir [34].<\/p>\n

Bununla bel\u0259, u\u015faqlara qar\u015f\u0131 seksual v\u0259 dig\u0259r zorak\u0131l\u0131q xarakterli cinay\u0259tl\u0259r\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 n\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r adam\u0131n ittiham edilm\u0259si bar\u0259d\u0259 m\u0259lumat almaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn ekspertl\u0259r\u0259* m\u00fcraci\u0259t etdikd\u0259, onlar cavab verm\u0259kd\u0259 \u00e7\u0259tinlik \u00e7\u0259kdil\u0259r v\u0259 bildirdil\u0259r ki, bu bar\u0259d\u0259 statistika apar\u0131lm\u0131r. Ekspertl\u0259rin verdiyi m\u0259lumatlara g\u00f6r\u0259, 2014-c\u00fc ilin 9 ay\u0131nda yetkinlik ya\u015f\u0131na catmayanlara qar\u015f\u0131 t\u00f6r\u0259dilmi\u015f 461 (2009-cu ild\u0259 is\u0259 analoji d\u00f6vrd\u0259 – 695) cinay\u0259t fakt\u0131 qeyd\u0259 al\u0131n\u0131b Onlardan q\u0131z u\u015faqlar\u0131na qar\u015f\u0131 202 cinay\u0259t qeyd\u0259 al\u0131n\u0131b (2009-cu ild\u0259 – 373). Hesabat d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259 cinsi toxunulmazl\u0131q v\u0259 azadl\u0131q \u0259leyhin\u0259 cinay\u0259tl\u0259r 118 fakt (2009-cu ild\u0259 – 219), ail\u0259-m\u0259i\u015f\u0259t z\u0259minind\u0259 t\u00f6r\u0259dilmi\u015f cinnay\u0259tl\u0259r is\u0259 21 fakt t\u0259\u015fkil edib [34].<\/p>\n

G\u00f6r\u00fcnd\u00fcy\u00fc kimi, sosial institut kimi ail\u0259daxili \u0259sas q\u00fcsurlar – \u0259xlaqa zidd h\u0259yat t\u0259rzinin (alkoqolizm, narkomaniya, cinay\u0259tkarl\u0131q v\u0259 s. deviant davran\u0131\u015flar) t\u0259bli\u011fi v\u0259 n\u00fcmayi\u015f edilm\u0259si, evd\u0259 zorak\u0131l\u0131qdan istifad\u0259 etm\u0259kl\u0259 avtoritar rejimin yarad\u0131lmas\u0131, daima m\u00fcnaqi\u015f\u0259l\u0259r v\u0259 y\u00fcks\u0259k tonda dan\u0131\u015f\u0131q t\u0259rzi (m\u0259i\u015f\u0259t zorak\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131), t\u0259rbiy\u0259d\u0259 u\u011fursuzluqla s\u0259ciyy\u0259l\u0259n\u0259n valideynl\u0259rin pedaqoji bacar\u0131qs\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. Bel\u0259 g\u00f6st\u0259ricil\u0259r oldu\u011fu halda ail\u0259nin t\u0259rbiy\u0259edici funksiyas\u0131 itir, u\u015faqlar evd\u0259n qa\u00e7\u0131r v\u0259 s. Bu hallar sonralar yeniyetm\u0259l\u0259rin t\u0259rbiy\u0259si, ya\u015fama\u011f\u0131 v\u0259 b\u00f6y\u00fcm\u0259si \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn qeyri-m\u00fcnbit \u015f\u0259rait yarad\u0131r. Sosial institutlar\u0131n f\u0259aliyy\u0259tind\u0259 ba\u015f ver\u0259n pozuntular c\u0259miyy\u0259td\u0259n d\u0259 yan ke\u00e7mir v\u0259 n\u0259tic\u0259d\u0259, m\u00fcxt\u0259lif sosial probleml\u0259rin yaranmas\u0131 v\u0259 onlar\u0131n inki\u015faf\u0131 qa\u00e7\u0131lmaz olur. Ona g\u00f6r\u0259 d\u0259 ehtimal etm\u0259k olar ki, c\u0259miyy\u0259tin sosial sferalar\u0131n\u0131n yax\u015f\u0131la\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 istiqam\u0259tind\u0259 konstruktiv, \u0259sasl\u0131 v\u0259 g\u0259rgin i\u015f h\u0259yata ke\u00e7iril\u0259rs\u0259, bu, bir \u00e7ox aktual m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259rin, o c\u00fcml\u0259d\u0259n yeniyetm\u0259l\u0259rin delinkvent davran\u0131\u015f\u0131 probleminin h\u0259lli \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u0259n m\u00fch\u00fcm \u015f\u0259rt olacaqd\u0131r.<\/p>\n

M\u00fcqayis\u0259li t\u0259hlil g\u00f6st\u0259rir ki, Rusiya apar\u0131lan t\u0259dqiqatlara g\u00f6r\u0259, yeniyetm\u0259l\u0259rin t\u0259xmin\u0259n 90%-i yetkinlik ya\u015f\u0131na \u00e7atmayan cinay\u0259tl\u0259r\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 m\u0259suliyy\u0259tin ail\u0259nin \u00fcz\u0259rin\u0259 d\u00fc\u015fd\u00fcy\u00fcn\u00fc bildirir. Yeniyetm\u0259l\u0259rin t\u0259xmin\u0259n 40%-i, b\u00f6y\u00fckl\u0259rin is\u0259 70%-i yax\u0131n \u0259traf m\u00fchiti ikinci qeyd edibl\u0259r. \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc yeri g\u0259ncl\u0259rin asud\u0259 vaxt\u0131n\u0131 t\u0259min etm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259 tutulmu\u015f yerli hakimiyy\u0259t orqanlar\u0131 tutub (b\u00f6y\u00fckl\u0259rin 70%-i, yeniyetm\u0259l\u0259rin 30%-i bu variant\u0131 se\u00e7ib). H\u00fcquq-m\u00fchafiz\u0259 orqanlar\u0131n\u0131 bu m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259d\u0259 \u015f\u0259xsi t\u0259cr\u00fcb\u0259si olan v\u0259 sor\u011fuda i\u015ftirak ed\u0259n b\u00f6y\u00fckl\u0259rin t\u0259xmin\u0259n yar\u0131s\u0131 (46%-i) v\u0259 \u201ck\u0259nar bax\u0131\u015f\u0131\u201d t\u0259msil ed\u0259n respondentl\u0259rin 38%-i g\u00fcnahland\u0131r\u0131r [20]. Qeyd ed\u0259k ki, bizim t\u0259r\u0259fimizd\u0259n \u00f6lk\u0259mizd\u0259 sosioloji ara\u015fd\u0131rmalar aparark\u0259n dem\u0259k olar ki, ox\u015far n\u0259tic\u0259l\u0259r \u0259ld\u0259 etmi\u015fik* [2].<\/p>\n

Cinay\u0259tkarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n vacib g\u00f6st\u0259ricil\u0259rind\u0259n biri onun v\u0259ziyy\u0259ti, y\u0259ni k\u0259miyy\u0259t-keyfiyy\u0259t xarakteristikas\u0131d\u0131r. Cinay\u0259tkarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n v\u0259ziyy\u0259tini a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da qeyd olunan meyarlarla m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n etm\u0259k olar:<\/p>\n