{"id":961,"date":"2023-10-04T13:05:40","date_gmt":"2023-10-04T09:05:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/socialresearchjournal.az\/?p=961"},"modified":"2023-10-04T13:05:40","modified_gmt":"2023-10-04T09:05:40","slug":"azerbaycanda-elektromobil-ve-hibrid-neqliyyat-vasitelerinin-tesviqinde-veziyyet-ve-istifadeci-memnunlugu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/socialresearchjournal.az\/index.php\/2023\/10\/04\/azerbaycanda-elektromobil-ve-hibrid-neqliyyat-vasitelerinin-tesviqinde-veziyyet-ve-istifadeci-memnunlugu\/","title":{"rendered":"AZ\u018fRBAYCANDA ELEKTROMOB\u0130L V\u018f H\u0130BR\u0130D  N\u018fQL\u0130YYAT VAS\u0130T\u018fL\u018fR\u0130N\u0130N T\u018f\u015eV\u0130Q\u0130ND\u018f  V\u018fZ\u0130YY\u018fT V\u018f \u0130ST\u0130FAD\u018f\u00c7\u0130 M\u018fMNUNLU\u011eU"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><strong>V\u00fcsal\u0259 R\u00dcST\u018fMOVA,<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><em>Sosial T\u0259dqiqatlar M\u0259rk\u0259zinin sektor m\u00fcdiri<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><em>Bak\u0131, Az\u0259rbaycan<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><em>\u00a0<\/em><em>E-mail: vusu82@gmail.com<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><em>ORCID: 0009-0003-0624-3468 <\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>X\u00fclas\u0259.<\/strong> Bu g\u00fcn d\u00fcnya \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rinin, beyn\u0259lxalq t\u0259\u015fkilatlar\u0131n qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda duran \u0259sas v\u0259zif\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259n biri s\u0259naye m\u00fc\u0259ssis\u0259l\u0259ri v\u0259 n\u0259qliyyat vasit\u0259l\u0259ri t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n atmosfer\u0259 at\u0131lan karbon (CO2) emissiyas\u0131n\u0131n azald\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r. Bu istiqam\u0259td\u0259 \u00e7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131\u015flar, h\u0259d\u0259fl\u0259r yenil\u0259nir, m\u00fcxt\u0259lif f\u0259aliyy\u0259t planlar\u0131 q\u0259bul edilir.<\/p>\n<p>N\u0259tic\u0259d\u0259 dizel v\u0259 benzinl\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259y\u0259n n\u0259qliyyat vasit\u0259l\u0259rini qada\u011fan ed\u0259n \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rin say\u0131 ild\u0259n-il\u0259 art\u0131r. Beyn\u0259lxalq Enerji Agentliyinin m\u0259lumat\u0131na g\u00f6r\u0259, 2021-ci ild\u0259 elektrik m\u00fch\u0259rrikli avtomobil sat\u0131\u015flar\u0131 6,6 milyon \u0259d\u0259d olmaqla rekord h\u0259dd\u0259 \u00e7at\u0131b. \u0130stehsal olunan b\u00fct\u00fcn n\u00f6v elektrik m\u00fch\u0259rrikli avtomobill\u0259rin (hibrid v\u0259 elektromobil) \u00fcmumi say\u0131 is\u0259 16,5 milyona \u00e7at\u0131b.<\/p>\n<p>Son ill\u0259r Az\u0259rbaycanda da elektrik m\u00fch\u0259rrikli n\u0259qliyyat vasit\u0259l\u0259rinin istifad\u0259sinin t\u0259\u015fviqin\u0259 dair d\u00f6vl\u0259t t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n b\u0259zi add\u0131mlar at\u0131lma\u011fa ba\u015flan\u0131l\u0131b. Az\u0259rbaycan h\u00f6kum\u0259ti \u201cya\u015f\u0131l enerji\u201dy\u0259 ke\u00e7idi t\u0259min etm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn bir s\u0131ra strateji s\u0259n\u0259dl\u0259rd\u0259, milli prioritetl\u0259rd\u0259 v\u0259 d\u00f6vl\u0259t proqramlar\u0131nda bu istiqam\u0259td\u0259 m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n h\u0259d\u0259fl\u0259r m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259nl\u0259\u015fdirib.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cAz\u0259rbaycan Respublikas\u0131nda yol h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259tinin t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259sizliyin\u0259 dair 2019\u20132023-c\u00fc ill\u0259r \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn D\u00f6vl\u0259t Proqram\u0131\u201d, \u201cAz\u0259rbaycan 2030: sosial-iqtisadi inki\u015fafa dair Milli Prioritetl\u0259r\u201d kimi s\u0259n\u0259dl\u0259rd\u0259 ekoloji c\u0259h\u0259td\u0259n t\u0259miz, elektrik m\u00fch\u0259rrikli n\u0259qliyyat vasit\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259n istifad\u0259nin stimulla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 m\u0259qs\u0259dil\u0259 bu n\u00f6v n\u0259qliyyat vasit\u0259l\u0259rinin istehsal\u0131, idxal\u0131, ixrac\u0131, d\u00f6vriyy\u0259si v\u0259 istismar\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn g\u00fcz\u0259\u015ftl\u0259r v\u0259 imtiyazlar m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n edilm\u0259kl\u0259 m\u00fcvafiq normativ h\u00fcquqi bazan\u0131n formala\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259 tutulur. H\u0259tta 2022-ci ilin d\u00f6vl\u0259t b\u00fcdc\u0259sind\u0259 t\u0259klif olunan yeni t\u0259\u015f\u0259bb\u00fcsl\u0259rd\u0259 b\u00fct\u00fcn n\u00f6v elektrik m\u00fch\u0259rrikli avtomobill\u0259rl\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 vergi g\u00fcz\u0259\u015ftl\u0259rinin t\u0259tbiqi planla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>M\u0259qal\u0259d\u0259 Sosial T\u0259dqiqatlar M\u0259rk\u0259zi t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n \u201cElektrik m\u00fch\u0259rrikli v\u0259 hibrid n\u0259qliyyat vasit\u0259l\u0259ri istifad\u0259\u00e7il\u0259rinin m\u0259mnunlu\u011fu\u201dna dair apar\u0131lan sosioloji sor\u011funun t\u0259hlili yer al\u0131b. T\u0259dqiqatda h\u00f6kum\u0259t t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n elektrik m\u00fch\u0259rrikli n\u0259qliyyat vasit\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 ke\u00e7idi t\u0259\u015fviq ed\u0259n faktorlarla ba\u011fl\u0131 ictimai r\u0259y t\u0259hlil edilib.<\/p>\n<p><strong>A\u00e7ar s\u00f6zl\u0259r: <\/strong>iqlim, h\u0259d\u0259f, hibrid, elektrik m\u00fch\u0259rrikli, avtomobil, n\u0259qliyyat vasit\u0259l\u0259ri, g\u00fcz\u0259\u015ft, sor\u011fu, d\u00f6vl\u0259t, t\u0259\u015fviq<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Giri\u015f<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Qlobal iqlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyi fonunda d\u00fcnya \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rinin, beyn\u0259lxalq t\u0259\u015fkilatlar\u0131n qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda duran \u0259sas h\u0259d\u0259fl\u0259rd\u0259n biri s\u0259naye m\u00fc\u0259ssis\u0259l\u0259ri v\u0259 n\u0259qliyyat vasit\u0259l\u0259ri t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n atmosfer\u0259 at\u0131lan karbon (CO<sub>2<\/sub>) emissiyas\u0131n\u0131n azald\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r. X\u00fcsusil\u0259, m\u00fcharib\u0259l\u0259r n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 ya\u015fanan enerji b\u00f6hran\u0131 d\u00fcnyan\u0131 \u201cya\u015f\u0131l enerji, o c\u00fcml\u0259d\u0259n elektrikl\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259y\u0259n n\u0259qliyyat vasit\u0259l\u0259rinin istehsal\u0131 il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 \u00e7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131\u015flar\u0131 daha da s\u00fcr\u0259tl\u0259ndirir.<\/p>\n<p>Bu bax\u0131mdan dizel v\u0259 benzinl\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259y\u0259n n\u0259qliyyat vasit\u0259l\u0259rini qada\u011fan ed\u0259n \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rin say\u0131 da ild\u0259n-il\u0259 art\u0131r. Bu istiqam\u0259td\u0259 bir \u00e7ox \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259r 2030-2050-ci ill\u0259r aras\u0131nda n\u0259qliyyat park\u0131n\u0131n tamamill\u0259 elektrik m\u00fch\u0259rrikli n\u0259qliyyat vasit\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 ke\u00e7idi \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn h\u0259d\u0259fl\u0259r m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259nl\u0259\u015fdiribl\u0259r.<\/p>\n<p>2015-ci ild\u0259 q\u0259bul edil\u0259n BMT-nin \u0130qlim D\u0259yi\u015fm\u0259l\u0259ri \u00fczr\u0259 \u00c7\u0259r\u00e7iv\u0259 Konvensiyas\u0131n\u0131n Paris Raz\u0131la\u015fmas\u0131nda da elektrikl\u0259 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan b\u00fct\u00fcn n\u00f6v avtomobill\u0259rin istifad\u0259sinin geni\u015fl\u0259ndirilm\u0259si \u0259n m\u00fch\u00fcm m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259n biri kimi qar\u015f\u0131ya qoyulub [10]. Az\u0259rbaycan da h\u0259min sazi\u015f\u0259 qo\u015fulan 171 \u00f6lk\u0259d\u0259n biridir.<\/p>\n<p>Beyn\u0259lxalq Enerji Agentliyinin m\u0259lumat\u0131na g\u00f6r\u0259, COVID-19 pandemiyas\u0131na baxmayaraq, elektrik m\u00fch\u0259rrikli avtomobil sat\u0131\u015flar\u0131 2021-ci ild\u0259 rekord h\u0259dd\u0259 \u00e7at\u0131b. 2020-ci ill\u0259 m\u00fcqayis\u0259d\u0259 sat\u0131\u015flar t\u0259xmin\u0259n iki d\u0259f\u0259 artaraq 6,6 milyon (sat\u0131\u015f pay\u0131 t\u0259xmin\u0259n 9%) \u0259d\u0259d olub. \u0130stehsal olunan elektrik m\u00fch\u0259rrikli avtomobill\u0259rin \u00fcmumi say\u0131 16,5 milyona \u00e7at\u0131b. Elektrik m\u00fch\u0259rrikli avtomobill\u0259rin sat\u0131\u015f pay\u0131 2021-ci ild\u0259 4% art\u0131b. Agentliyin proqnozlar\u0131na g\u00f6r\u0259, 2030-cu ild\u0259 yeni avtomobil sat\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n 60%-ni elektrik m\u00fch\u0259rrikli avtomobill\u0259r t\u0259\u015fkil ed\u0259c\u0259k [6].<\/p>\n<p>Qeyd ed\u0259k ki, d\u00fcnyada elektrik m\u00fch\u0259rrikli avtomobill\u0259rin (beyn\u0259lxalq abreviatura &#8211; EV) 3 n\u00f6v\u00fc var:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Yaln\u0131z elektrikl\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259y\u0259n avtomobill\u0259r ( beyn\u0259lxalq abreviatura &#8211; BEV)<\/li>\n<li>H\u0259m enerji dolduran, h\u0259m benzin, h\u0259m d\u0259 daxili yanacaq m\u00fch\u0259rrikind\u0259n al\u0131nan enerji il\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259y\u0259n \u00fc\u00e7m\u00fch\u0259rrikli Hibrid-Plug (beyn\u0259lxalq abreviatura &#8211; PHEV).<\/li>\n<li>Benzin v\u0259 ondan al\u0131nan elektrikl\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259y\u0259n ikim\u00fch\u0259rrikli hibrid avtomobill\u0259r (beyn\u0259lxalq abreviatura &#8211; HEV).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong> D\u00fcnya \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rinin h\u0259d\u0259fl\u0259ri<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u0130ngilt\u0259r\u0259 ild\u0259 2,7 milyon n\u0259qliyyat vasit\u0259sinin sat\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 h\u0259yata ke\u00e7ir\u0259n d\u00fcnyan\u0131n \u0259n b\u00f6y\u00fck avtomobil bazar\u0131d\u0131r. London 2035-c\u0131 il\u0259 kimi ekoloji tarazl\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u0259rpa etm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn benzin v\u0259 dizell\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259y\u0259n n\u0259qliyyat vasit\u0259l\u0259rini qada\u011fan etm\u0259yi planla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131r. 2050-ci il\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r is\u0259 yollarda olan b\u00fct\u00fcn n\u0259qliyyat vasit\u0259l\u0259ri s\u0131f\u0131r emissiyal\u0131 olacaq.<\/p>\n<p>Eyni zamanda, Almaniya v\u0259 Kanada da 2035-ci il\u0259 kimi elektrik m\u00fch\u0259rrikli n\u0259qliyyat vasit\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 ke\u00e7m\u0259yi h\u0259d\u0259fl\u0259yib.<\/p>\n<p>Bundan ba\u015fqa, Fransa v\u0259 \u0130spaniya da qlobal istil\u0259\u015fm\u0259y\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fcbariz\u0259 m\u0259qs\u0259dil\u0259 2040-c\u0131 il\u0259 kimi yanacaqla \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan n\u0259qliyyat vasit\u0259l\u0259rinin sat\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 m\u0259hdudla\u015fd\u0131rma\u011fa haz\u0131rla\u015f\u0131r. 2040-c\u0131 ild\u0259n sonra h\u0259r iki \u00f6lk\u0259 yaln\u0131z elektrik enerjisi il\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259y\u0259n, hibrid v\u0259 dig\u0259r t\u0259miz yanacaqla \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan n\u0259qliyyat vasit\u0259l\u0259rinin sat\u0131\u015f\u0131na icaz\u0259 ver\u0259c\u0259k.<\/p>\n<p>Skandinaviya \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 d\u0259 2030-cu il\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r n\u0259qliyyat park\u0131 yaln\u0131z elektrik m\u00fch\u0259rriki il\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259y\u0259n vasit\u0259l\u0259r olacaq.<\/p>\n<p>Avropa \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259ri il\u0259 yana\u015f\u0131, Hindistan v\u0259 \u00c7in d\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131na b\u00f6y\u00fck h\u0259d\u0259fl\u0259r qoyub. \u00c7in 2025-ci il\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r h\u0259r il 7 milyon \u201cyeni enerjili avtomobil\u201d satma\u011f\u0131 h\u0259d\u0259fl\u0259yir ki, bu da onun \u00fcmumi avtomobil bazar\u0131n\u0131n t\u0259xmin\u0259n 20 faizini t\u0259\u015fkil edir [6]. \u00c7in Avtomobil \u0130stehsal\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131 Assosiasiyas\u0131n\u0131n m\u0259lumat\u0131na g\u00f6r\u0259, elektrik m\u00fch\u0259rrikli avtomobill\u0259rin sat\u0131\u015flar\u0131 art\u0131q 18 faiz\u0259 yax\u0131nla\u015fd\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn bu m\u0259qs\u0259d\u0259 \u00e7atmaq olar. Bundan \u0259lav\u0259, 2020-ci ilin oktyabr\u0131nda \u00c7in 2035-ci il\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r sat\u0131lan b\u00fct\u00fcn yeni avtomobill\u0259rin \u201cekoloji c\u0259h\u0259td\u0259n t\u0259miz\u201d olaca\u011f\u0131 plan\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131qlay\u0131b [8].<\/p>\n<p>AB\u015e-da is\u0259 2021-ci il noyabr\u0131n 15-d\u0259 Prezident C.Bayden t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n 1,2 trilyon dollarl\u0131q \u201c\u0130nfrastruktur investisiyalar\u0131 v\u0259 i\u015f haq\u0131nda\u201d Qanun (IIJA) imzalan\u0131b [9]. H\u00fcquqi akt \u00e7\u0259r\u00e7iv\u0259sind\u0259 elektrik m\u00fch\u0259rrikli avtomobill\u0259rin t\u0259\u015fviqi \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn AB\u015e N\u0259qliyyat Departamenti t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n EV enerjidoldurma infrastrukturunun qurulmas\u0131 v\u0259 \u0259lav\u0259 maliyy\u0259 il\u0259 t\u0259min edilm\u0259si \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn 7,5 milyard dollarl\u0131q qrant layih\u0259si n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259 tutulub. Qanun layih\u0259si \u00e7\u0259r\u00e7iv\u0259sind\u0259 x\u00fcsusil\u0259 elektrik m\u00fch\u0259rrikli v\u0259 s\u0131f\u0131r emissiyal\u0131 orta v\u0259 a\u011f\u0131r y\u00fck da\u015f\u0131yan avtomobill\u0259rin maliyy\u0259l\u0259\u015fdirilm\u0259si h\u0259d\u0259fl\u0259nib.<\/p>\n<p>Bayden Administrasiyas\u0131 h\u0259m\u00e7inin 2021-ci il dekabr\u0131n 13-d\u0259 elektrik m\u00fch\u0259rrikli avtomobill\u0259rin inki\u015faf\u0131 \u00fczr\u0259 F\u0259aliyy\u0259t Plan\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131qlay\u0131b. Plana \u0259sas\u0259n, AB\u015e-da 2030-cu il\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r EV-in sat\u0131\u015f pay\u0131n\u0131n 50%-\u0259 \u00e7atd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 proqnozla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ol start=\"2\">\n<li><strong> Az\u0259rbaycanda v\u0259ziyy\u0259t v\u0259 <\/strong><strong>ke\u00e7iril\u0259n sosioloji sor\u011fular\u0131n <\/strong><strong>n\u0259tic\u0259l\u0259ri<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Son ill\u0259r Az\u0259rbaycanda da elektrik m\u00fch\u0259rrikli n\u0259qliyyat vasit\u0259l\u0259rinin idxal\u0131 s\u00fcr\u0259tl\u0259 art\u0131r. H\u0259l\u0259 ki, \u00f6lk\u0259miz\u0259 idxal olunan EV-l\u0259r aras\u0131nda hibrid v\u0259 yaln\u0131z elektrikl\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259y\u0259n avtomobill\u0259r (bundan sonra &#8211; elektromobil) \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck t\u0259\u015fkil edir. Bu n\u0259qliyyat vasit\u0259si daha \u00e7ox taks\u0131 xidm\u0259tl\u0259rind\u0259 istifad\u0259 edilir. Az\u0259rbaycan h\u00f6kum\u0259ti \u201cya\u015f\u0131l enerji\u201dy\u0259 ke\u00e7idi t\u0259min etm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn bir s\u0131ra strateji s\u0259n\u0259dl\u0259rd\u0259, milli prioritetl\u0259rd\u0259 v\u0259 d\u00f6vl\u0259t proqramlar\u0131nda bu istiqam\u0259td\u0259 m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n h\u0259d\u0259fl\u0259r m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259nl\u0259\u015fdirib. Bel\u0259 ki, 2016-c\u0131 ild\u0259 \u201cKommunal xidm\u0259tl\u0259rin (elektrik v\u0259 istilik enerjisi, su v\u0259 qaz) inki\u015faf\u0131na dair Strateji Yol X\u0259rit\u0259si&#8221;nd\u0259 2020-ci il\u0259d\u0259k elektrik m\u00fch\u0259rrikli avtomobill\u0259rin istifad\u0259si \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn t\u0259l\u0259b olunan infrastrukturun qurulmas\u0131 il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 qar\u015f\u0131ya m\u0259qs\u0259d qoyulub.<\/p>\n<p>Bundan \u0259lav\u0259, 2018-ci ild\u0259 \u201cAz\u0259rbaycan Respublikas\u0131nda yol h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259tinin t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259sizliyin\u0259 dair 2019\u20132023-c\u00fc ill\u0259r \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn D\u00f6vl\u0259t Proqram\u0131\u201dnda 2021-ci il\u0259d\u0259k ekoloji c\u0259h\u0259td\u0259n t\u0259miz, elektrik m\u00fch\u0259rrikli n\u0259qliyyat vasit\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259n istifad\u0259nin stimulla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 m\u0259qs\u0259dil\u0259 bu n\u00f6v n\u0259qliyyat vasit\u0259l\u0259rinin istehsal\u0131, idxal\u0131, ixrac\u0131, d\u00f6vriyy\u0259si v\u0259 istismar\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn g\u00fcz\u0259\u015ftl\u0259r v\u0259 imtiyazlar m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n edilm\u0259kl\u0259 m\u00fcvafiq normativ h\u00fcquqi bazan\u0131n formala\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259 tutulur [2]. D\u00f6vl\u0259t Proqram\u0131nda dig\u0259r h\u0259d\u0259f ekoloji c\u0259h\u0259td\u0259n t\u0259miz, elektrik m\u00fch\u0259rrikli n\u0259qliyyat vasit\u0259l\u0259ri \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn m\u00fcvafiq infrastrukturun yarad\u0131lmas\u0131 istiqam\u0259tind\u0259 t\u0259dbirl\u0259rin g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u0259sidir. Bu bax\u0131mdan 2022-ci ilin d\u00f6vl\u0259t b\u00fcdc\u0259sind\u0259 t\u0259klif olunan yeni t\u0259\u015f\u0259bb\u00fcsl\u0259rd\u0259 b\u00fct\u00fcn n\u00f6v elektrik m\u00fch\u0259rrikli avtomobill\u0259rl\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 vergi g\u00fcz\u0259\u015ftl\u0259ri t\u0259tbiq edilir. H\u0259min vergi g\u00fcz\u0259\u015ftl\u0259ri a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dak\u0131lard\u0131r:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em> elektrik m\u00fch\u0259rriki il\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259y\u0259n avtomobill\u0259rin idxal\u0131 il\u0259 yana\u015f\u0131, sat\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n da \u018fDV-d\u0259n azad edilm\u0259si;<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em> istehsal tarixi 3 ild\u0259n v\u0259 m\u00fch\u0259rrikinin h\u0259cmi 2500 kubsantimetrd\u0259n \u00e7ox olmayan hibrid avtomobill\u0259rin idxal\u0131 v\u0259 sat\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n 2022-ci il yanvar\u0131n 1-d\u0259n 3 il m\u00fcdd\u0259tin\u0259 \u018fDV-d\u0259n azad edilm\u0259si;<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em> elektrik m\u00fch\u0259rriki il\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259y\u0259n avtomobill\u0259r \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn ikinci v\u0259 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc s\u0259viyy\u0259 elektrik enerji doldurucular\u0131n\u0131n idxal\u0131n\u0131n 2022-ci il yanvar\u0131n 1-d\u0259n 3 il m\u00fcdd\u0259tin\u0259 \u018fDV-d\u0259n azad edilm\u0259si.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>2021-ci ild\u0259 q\u0259bul edil\u0259n \u201cAz\u0259rbaycan 2030: sosial-iqtisadi inki\u015fafa dair Milli Prioritetl\u0259r\u201din istiqam\u0259tl\u0259rind\u0259n biri d\u0259 \u201ct\u0259miz \u0259traf m\u00fchit v\u0259 \u201cya\u015f\u0131l art\u0131m\u201dd\u0131r. Burada ekoloji t\u0259miz n\u0259qliyyat vasit\u0259l\u0259rinin t\u0259\u015fviqi \u0259sas h\u0259d\u0259fl\u0259rd\u0259n biri kimi qeyd olunub [1].<\/p>\n<p>D\u00f6vl\u0259t t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n q\u0259bul edil\u0259n s\u0259n\u0259dl\u0259rd\u0259n d\u0259 g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr ki, h\u00f6kum\u0259t m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n t\u0259\u015f\u0259bb\u00fcsl\u0259r\u0259 qo\u015fulub. Do\u011frudur, bu t\u0259\u015f\u0259bb\u00fcsl\u0259rin daha \u00e7evik realla\u015fmas\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn h\u0259d\u0259fl\u0259rin konkretliyi z\u0259ifdir, s\u00f6z\u00fcged\u0259n istiqam\u0259td\u0259 infrasturkturun yarad\u0131lmas\u0131nda gecikm\u0259l\u0259r \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6st\u0259rir. Sosial T\u0259dqiqatlar M\u0259rk\u0259zi (STM) t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n apar\u0131lan \u201cElektrik m\u00fch\u0259rrikli v\u0259 hibrid n\u0259qliyyat vasit\u0259l\u0259ri istifad\u0259\u00e7il\u0259rinin m\u0259mnunlu\u011fu \u00fczr\u0259 sosioloji t\u0259dqiqat\u201d zaman\u0131 h\u00f6kum\u0259t t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n elektrik m\u00fch\u0259rrikli n\u0259qliyyat vasit\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 ke\u00e7idi t\u0259\u015fviq ed\u0259n faktorlar\u0131n yet\u0259rli olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 m\u0259lum olub.<\/p>\n<p>Qeyd ed\u0259k ki, 2022-ci ilin birinci yar\u0131s\u0131nda respublika \u0259razisind\u0259 16 hibrid, 28 elektromobil markas\u0131 istifad\u0259d\u0259 olub. Hibrid n\u0259qliyyat vasit\u0259l\u0259ri aras\u0131nda \u0259n \u00e7ox istifad\u0259 olunan marka \u201cToyota\u201dd\u0131r &#8211; 88,4%. R\u0259smi statistikaya g\u00f6r\u0259, \u0259n \u00e7ox istifad\u0259 olunan elektromobil markas\u0131 21,4%-l\u0259 \u201cTesla\u201dd\u0131r. \u00dcmumiyy\u0259tl\u0259, 2020-ci ild\u0259n etibar\u0259n \u00f6lk\u0259y\u0259 idxal olunan EV-l\u0259rin art\u0131m\u0131nda s\u0131\u00e7ray\u0131\u015f m\u00fc\u015fahid\u0259 olunur. D\u00f6vl\u0259t G\u00f6mr\u00fck Komit\u0259sinin m\u0259lumat\u0131na g\u00f6r\u0259, s\u00f6z\u00fcged\u0259n d\u00f6vr \u0259rzind\u0259 \u00f6lk\u0259y\u0259 idxal olunan hibrid n\u0259qliyyat vasit\u0259l\u0259rinin say\u0131 5080 \u0259d\u0259d olubsa, 2022-ci ilin sentyabr ay\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn 9000 \u0259d\u0259d\u0259 y\u00fcks\u0259lib. Yaln\u0131z elektrik m\u00fch\u0259rriki il\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259y\u0259n n\u0259qliyyat vasit\u0259l\u0259rinin say\u0131 2020-ci ild\u0259 160 \u0259d\u0259d olubsa, 2022-ci ilin sentyabr ay\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn 300 \u0259d\u0259dd\u0259n \u00e7ox olub [4].<\/p>\n<p>Avtomobil sahibl\u0259ri, sahibkarlar t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n bu sah\u0259y\u0259 mara\u011f\u0131n artmas\u0131 sevindirici hald\u0131r. STM t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n h\u0259yata ke\u00e7iril\u0259n, \u00fcmumilikd\u0259, 488 respondenti \u0259hat\u0259 ed\u0259n sor\u011fuda elektrik m\u00fch\u0259rrikli avtomobill\u0259r\u0259 \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck verilm\u0259sinin \u0259sas s\u0259b\u0259bl\u0259rind\u0259n biri kimi yanaca\u011fa q\u0259na\u0259t g\u00f6st\u0259rilib. Respondentl\u0259rin 86,2%-i avtomobil se\u00e7imind\u0259 daha \u00e7ox yanacaq x\u0259rcl\u0259rini n\u0259z\u0259r\u0259 al\u0131b. Sor\u011fu i\u015ftirak\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n 45,1%-i funksionall\u0131q v\u0259 komforta, 40,4%-i ekoloji amill\u0259r\u0259, 36,5%-i is\u0259 istifad\u0259y\u0259 davaml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6r\u0259 hibrid v\u0259 elektromobili se\u00e7ibl\u0259r.<\/p>\n<p>Bundan ba\u015fqa, sosioloji sor\u011funun n\u0259tic\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259n ayd\u0131n olur ki, h\u0259r iki qrup avtomobil istifad\u0259\u00e7il\u0259rinin m\u00fctl\u0259q \u0259ks\u0259riyy\u0259ti s\u00f6z\u00fcged\u0259n n\u0259qliyyat vasit\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259n m\u0259mnundur. Bel\u0259 ki, elektromobil istifad\u0259\u00e7il\u0259ri olan respondentl\u0259rin 97.2%-i, hibrid avtomobil istifad\u0259\u00e7il\u0259rinin 97,9%-i m\u0259mnunluqlar\u0131n\u0131 ifad\u0259 edib. \u00dcmumiyy\u0259tl\u0259, qlobal avtomobil bazar\u0131nda m\u00fc\u015fahid\u0259 edil\u0259n tendensiyalara diqq\u0259t etdikd\u0259 s\u00f6z\u00fcged\u0259n n\u0259qliyyat vasit\u0259l\u0259ri seqmentl\u0259ri \u00fczr\u0259 ciddi bir art\u0131m\u0131n \u015fahidi ola bil\u0259rik. Bel\u0259 ki, pandemiya d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259 d\u00fcnya avtomobil ticar\u0259tinin h\u0259cmind\u0259 sat\u0131\u015flar 6% civar\u0131nda a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015fd\u00fcy\u00fc halda, elektrik m\u00fch\u0259rrikli avtomobill\u0259rd\u0259 41%-lik art\u0131m m\u00fc\u015fahid\u0259 edilib [7]. Dig\u0259r t\u0259r\u0259fd\u0259n, \u201cDeloitte\u201d \u015firk\u0259tinin 23 qlobal bazarda 24 min avtomobil istifad\u0259\u00e7isinin i\u015ftirak\u0131 il\u0259 ke\u00e7iril\u0259n sor\u011fu \u0259sasl\u0131 \u201cQlobal avtomobil istehlak\u00e7\u0131 ara\u015fd\u0131rmas\u0131- 2021\u201d hesabat\u0131nda [13] respondentl\u0259r aras\u0131nda bir sonrak\u0131 avtomobil se\u00e7imi zaman\u0131 elektrik m\u00fch\u0259rrikli v\u0259 hibrid avtomobil\u0259 \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fcy\u00fcn veril\u0259c\u0259yi q\u0259na\u0259ti \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck t\u0259\u015fkil edib. Sor\u011funun n\u0259tic\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259, Yaponiyada respondentl\u0259rin 7%-i elektromobil, 45%-i hibrid, T\u00fcrkiy\u0259d\u0259 8%-i elektromobil, 34%-i hibrid, \u00c7ind\u0259 11%-i elektromobil, 29%-i hibrid, Almaniyada 7%-i elektromobil, 25%-i hibrid n\u0259qliyyat vasit\u0259sin\u0259 \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck ver\u0259c\u0259yini qeyd edib. Bu se\u00e7imi \u015f\u0259rtl\u0259ndir\u0259n \u0259sas faktorlar kimi yanacaq x\u0259rcl\u0259rinin daha a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 olmas\u0131, iqlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyi v\u0259 karbon emissiyalar\u0131na qar\u015f\u0131 h\u0259ssasl\u0131q, d\u00f6vri bax\u0131m x\u0259rcl\u0259rinin a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 olmas\u0131, d\u00f6vl\u0259t t\u0259\u015fviql\u0259ri v\u0259 s. \u00f6n plana \u00e7\u0131x\u0131b.<\/p>\n<p>STM-in h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irdiyi t\u0259dqiqiat \u00e7\u0259r\u00e7iv\u0259sind\u0259 \u00f6lk\u0259d\u0259 b\u00fct\u00fcn n\u00f6v elektrik m\u00fch\u0259rrikli avtomobill\u0259rin ixtisasla\u015fm\u0131\u015f servis m\u0259nt\u0259q\u0259l\u0259ri, pe\u015f\u0259kar ustalar v\u0259 ehtiyat hiss\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 \u0259l\u00e7atanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 da r\u0259y \u00f6yr\u0259nilib. Sor\u011funun n\u0259tic\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 \u0259sas\u0259n dem\u0259k olar, Az\u0259rbaycanda da b\u00fct\u00fcn n\u00f6v elektrik m\u00fch\u0259rrikli avtomobill\u0259rin d\u00f6vri bax\u0131m x\u0259rcl\u0259ri m\u00fcnasibdir. D\u00f6vri bax\u0131m x\u0259rcl\u0259ri elektromobill\u0259rd\u0259 daha m\u00fcnasib g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr. Bel\u0259 ki, sor\u011fuda i\u015ftirak ed\u0259n elektromobil istifad\u0259\u00e7il\u0259rinin (E\u0130) 75,7%-i, hibrid avtomobil istifad\u0259\u00e7il\u0259rinin (HA\u0130) is\u0259 69,4%-i s\u00f6z\u00fcged\u0259n x\u0259rcl\u0259ri a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 hesab edib [3].<\/p>\n<p>Az\u0259rbaycanda elektrik m\u00fch\u0259rrikli avtomobill\u0259rin istifad\u0259sind\u0259 \u0259sas probleml\u0259rd\u0259n biri bazar imkanlar\u0131n\u0131n geni\u015f olmamas\u0131, yax\u015f\u0131 infrastrukturun yarad\u0131lmamas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Bel\u0259 respondentl\u0259r aras\u0131nda enerjidoldurma m\u0259nt\u0259q\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259n daha \u00e7ox istifad\u0259 ed\u0259n elektromobil istifad\u0259\u00e7il\u0259rinin 81,4%-i, hibrid avtomobil istifad\u0259\u00e7il\u0259rinin is\u0259 47,4%-i \u00f6lk\u0259d\u0259 bu istiqam\u0259td\u0259 yax\u015f\u0131 infrastrukturun yarad\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 qeyd edib [3].<\/p>\n<p>Elektrik m\u00fch\u0259rrikli avtomobill\u0259rl\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 d\u00f6vl\u0259t t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n t\u0259\u015fviq\u0259 dair sualda hibrid avtomobil istifad\u0259\u00e7il\u0259rinin 55,5%-i, elektromobil istifad\u0259\u00e7il\u0259rinin 68,6%-i d\u0259st\u0259k mexanizminin olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bildirib. Hibrid avtomobil istifad\u0259\u00e7il\u0259rinin 17,5%-i, elektromobil istifad\u0259\u00e7il\u0259rinin is\u0259 15,7%-i d\u00f6vl\u0259t t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n t\u0259\u015fviq mexanizml\u0259rinin oldu\u011funu qeyd edib [3].<\/p>\n<p>Bu sah\u0259d\u0259 \u0259sas m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259n biri bazarda s\u00f6z\u00fcged\u0259n avtomobill\u0259rin park ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ox k\u00f6hn\u0259 olmas\u0131d\u0131r. X\u00fcsusil\u0259, hibrid avtomobill\u0259r park\u0131n\u0131n ya\u015f\u0131 elektromobill\u0259 m\u00fcqayis\u0259d\u0259 daha k\u00f6hn\u0259dir. Diaqram 2 v\u0259 3-d\u0259 h\u0259m elektrik m\u00fch\u0259rrikli n\u0259qliyyat vasit\u0259l\u0259ri, h\u0259m d\u0259 hibrid n\u0259qliyyat vasit\u0259l\u0259ri \u00fczr\u0259 park\u0131n ya\u015f strukturu r\u0259smi dinamika il\u0259 sor\u011fuda i\u015ftirak etmi\u015f respondentl\u0259rin sahib olduqlar\u0131 avtomobill\u0259rin g\u00f6st\u0259ricil\u0259ri m\u00fcqayis\u0259li \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 \u00f6z \u0259ksini tapm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Az\u0259rbaycanda elektrik m\u00fch\u0259rrikli n\u0259qliyyat vasit\u0259l\u0259ri park\u0131n\u0131n ya\u015f strukturu:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>5 il\u0259d\u0259k olanlar (2022-ci il d\u0259 daxil olmaqla) 68,9%<\/li>\n<li>6 ild\u0259n 10 il\u0259d\u0259k olanlar 21,9%<\/li>\n<li>11 ild\u0259n 15 il\u0259d\u0259k olanlar 8,9%.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Sor\u011fuda i\u015ftirak ed\u0259n elektromobil n\u0259qliyyat vasit\u0259l\u0259rinin ya\u015f strukturu:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>5 il\u0259d\u0259k olanlar (2022-ci il d\u0259 daxil olmaqla) 37,1%<\/li>\n<li>6 ild\u0259n 10 il\u0259d\u0259k olanlar 34,3%<\/li>\n<li>11 ild\u0259n 15 il\u0259d\u0259k olanlar 28,6 %.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>R\u0259smi statistikaya g\u00f6r\u0259, Az\u0259rbaycanda hibrid n\u0259qliyyat vasit\u0259l\u0259ri park\u0131n\u0131n ya\u015f strukturu:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>5 il\u0259d\u0259k olanlar (2022-ci il d\u0259 daxil olmaqla) 3,7%<\/li>\n<li>6 ild\u0259n 10 il\u0259d\u0259k olanlar 5,8%<\/li>\n<li>11 ild\u0259n 15 il\u0259d\u0259k olanlar 52,5%<\/li>\n<li>16 ild\u0259n yuxar\u0131 38%.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Sor\u011fuda i\u015ftirak ed\u0259n hibrid avtomobil istifad\u0259\u00e7il\u0259rinin n\u0259qliyyat vasit\u0259l\u0259rinin ya\u015f strukturu:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>5 il\u0259d\u0259k olanlar (2022-ci il d\u0259 daxil olmaqla) 9,3%<\/li>\n<li>6 ild\u0259n 10 il\u0259d\u0259k olanlar 12,7%<\/li>\n<li>11 ild\u0259n 15 il\u0259d\u0259k olanlar 59,3%<\/li>\n<li>16 ild\u0259n yuxar\u0131 18,7%.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>STM-in apard\u0131\u011f\u0131 t\u0259dqiqat\u0131n n\u0259tic\u0259l\u0259ri Az\u0259rbaycanda elektromobil v\u0259 hibrid avtomobill\u0259rin istehsal ilinin k\u00f6hn\u0259 olmas\u0131n\u0131 ilkin bazar\u0131n imkanlar\u0131n\u0131n geni\u015f olmamas\u0131, g\u00fcz\u0259\u015ftli kredit \u015f\u0259rtl\u0259rinin yarad\u0131lmamas\u0131 v\u0259 s. faktorlarla ba\u011fl\u0131 oldu\u011funu g\u00f6st\u0259rir. Bu m\u0259nada elektromobil istifad\u0259\u00e7il\u0259ri h\u0259m yeni, h\u0259m d\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259nmi\u015f bazar\u0131n imkanlar\u0131n\u0131 daha a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 d\u0259y\u0259rl\u0259ndirirl\u0259r.<\/p>\n<p>Diaqram 4-d\u0259n g\u00f6r\u00fcnd\u00fcy\u00fc kimi, sor\u011fuda i\u015ftirak ed\u0259n hibrid avtomobil istifad\u0259\u00e7il\u0259rinin yaln\u0131z 40,7%-i, elektromobil istifad\u0259\u00e7il\u0259rinin c\u0259mi 25,1%-i ilkin avtomobil bazar\u0131nda se\u00e7im imkanlar\u0131n\u0131n geni\u015f oldu\u011funu bildirib.<\/p>\n<p>Hibrid avtomobil istifad\u0259\u00e7isi olan respondentl\u0259r t\u0259krar bazarda se\u00e7im imkanlar\u0131n\u0131 yeni bazarla m\u00fcqayis\u0259d\u0259 daha y\u00fcks\u0259k d\u0259y\u0259rl\u0259ndiribl\u0259r. Respondentl\u0259rin 57,9%-i ikinci \u0259l avtomobil bazar\u0131nda imkanlar\u0131n geni\u015f oldu\u011funu bildirdiyi halda, 35,2%-i bunun \u0259ksini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr.<\/p>\n<p>Elektromobil istifad\u0259\u00e7il\u0259ri aras\u0131nda h\u0259m ilkin, h\u0259m d\u0259 t\u0259krar bazar\u0131n imkanlar\u0131 bar\u0259d\u0259 fikirl\u0259r d\u0259yi\u015fm\u0259z olaraq qal\u0131r. R\u0259yi soru\u015fulanlar\u0131n c\u0259mi 25,7%-i ilkin bazarda, 27,1%-i is\u0259 ikinci \u0259l avtomobil bazar\u0131nda se\u00e7im imkanlar\u0131n\u0131 geni\u015f d\u0259y\u0259rl\u0259ndirib. Respondentl\u0259rin t\u0259qrib\u0259n 70%-i elektromobil bazar\u0131n\u0131n imkanlar\u0131n\u0131 z\u0259if qiym\u0259tl\u0259ndirib.<\/p>\n<p>Respondentl\u0259rin 70%-d\u0259n \u00e7oxu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr ki, ilkin bazarda imkanlar\u0131n a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 olmas\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015fl\u0131ca s\u0259b\u0259bl\u0259ri qiym\u0259tl\u0259rin m\u00fcnasib olmamas\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130kinci faktor olan g\u00fcz\u0259\u015ftl\u0259rin m\u00f6vcud olub-olmamas\u0131 il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 r\u0259y\u0259 g\u0259linc\u0259, bu istiqam\u0259td\u0259 m\u0259lumatl\u0131l\u0131q s\u0259viyy\u0259sinin a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 oldu\u011fu m\u00fc\u015fahid\u0259 edilir. Bel\u0259 ki, t\u0259qrib\u0259n h\u0259r 3-4 respondentd\u0259n biri g\u00fcz\u0259\u015ftl\u0259rl\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 m\u0259lumata malik olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bildirib. (29,9% hibrid v\u0259 21,4% elektromobil).<\/p>\n<p>T\u0259krar bazardak\u0131 qiym\u0259tl\u0259rd\u0259n m\u0259mnunluq s\u0259viyy\u0259si t\u0259qrib\u0259n 50%-dir. Sor\u011fuda i\u015ftirak ed\u0259n hibrid avtomobil istifad\u0259\u00e7il\u0259rinin 50%-i, elektromobil istifad\u0259\u00e7il\u0259rinin is\u0259 47,1%-iqiym\u0259tl\u0259rin m\u00fcnasib oldu\u011funu qeyd edib. Respondentl\u0259rin m\u00fcvafiq olaraq 41,4%-i v\u0259 45,7%-i qiym\u0259tl\u0259ri m\u00fcnasib hesab etmir.<\/p>\n<p>\u018fslind\u0259, h\u0259r iki bazardak\u0131 qiym\u0259tl\u0259rl\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 m\u0259mnunluq s\u0259viyy\u0259sinin g\u00f6st\u0259ricil\u0259ri a\u015fa\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. Lakin ikinci \u0259l avtomobill\u0259rin nisb\u0259t\u0259n ucuz olmas\u0131, t\u0259bii olaraq, t\u0259krar bazarda t\u0259l\u0259bat\u0131 art\u0131r\u0131r. Maraql\u0131d\u0131r ki, ikinci \u0259l avtomobill\u0259rin kreditl\u0259 al\u0131\u015f\u0131 da y\u00fcks\u0259k deyil. 45-50% aras\u0131nda respondent (sor\u011fuda i\u015ftirak ed\u0259n hibrid avtomobil istifad\u0259\u00e7il\u0259rinin 44,7%-i, elektromobil istifad\u0259\u00e7il\u0259rinin is\u0259 50%-i) bu sah\u0259d\u0259 kredit \u015f\u0259rtl\u0259ri il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 m\u0259lumata malik deyil. Hibrid avtomobil istifad\u0259\u00e7isi olan respondentl\u0259rin 10,8%-i, elektromobil istifad\u0259\u00e7isi olan respondentl\u0259rin is\u0259 14,3%-i kredit \u015f\u0259rtl\u0259rini m\u00fcnasib say\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Sor\u011fu n\u0259tic\u0259l\u0259rinin t\u0259hlili g\u00f6st\u0259rir ki, hibrid avtomobill\u0259rin servis xidm\u0259tl\u0259rin\u0259 \u0259l\u00e7atanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 elektromobill\u0259rl\u0259 m\u00fcqayis\u0259d\u0259 daha rahat v\u0259 \u00e7evikdir. Hibrid avtomobil istifad\u0259\u00e7isi olan respondentl\u0259rin 58,4%-i bildirib ki, ixtisasla\u015fm\u0131\u015f servis m\u0259nt\u0259q\u0259l\u0259rinin say\u0131 kifay\u0259t q\u0259d\u0259rdir. Elektromobil istifad\u0259\u00e7isi olan respondentl\u0259r aras\u0131nda is\u0259 bu g\u00f6st\u0259rici c\u0259mi 22,9% t\u0259\u015fkil edib.<\/p>\n<p>Pe\u015f\u0259kar ustalar\u0131n say\u0131 bax\u0131mdan da hibrid n\u0259qliyyat vasit\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 v\u0259ziyy\u0259t daha yax\u015f\u0131d\u0131r. Onlar\u0131n 64,4%-i pe\u015f\u0259kar ustalar\u0131n say\u0131n\u0131n kifay\u0259t q\u0259d\u0259r oldu\u011funu deyib. Lakin hibrid avtomobill\u0259rd\u0259n f\u0259rqli olaraq, elektromobil sahibl\u0259rinin c\u0259mi 28,6%-i pe\u015f\u0259kar ustalar\u0131n say\u0131n\u0131n kifay\u0259t q\u0259d\u0259r oldu\u011funu qeyd edib.<\/p>\n<p>Respondentl\u0259r\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259, hibrid avtomobill\u0259rin ehtiyat hiss\u0259l\u0259ri elektromobil il\u0259 m\u00fcqayis\u0259d\u0259 daha tez tap\u0131l\u0131r. Hibrid avtomobil istifad\u0259\u00e7il\u0259rinin 82,5%-i ehtiyat hiss\u0259l\u0259rini tez tapa bildiyi halda, elektromobil istifad\u0259\u00e7il\u0259ri aras\u0131nda bu c\u0259mi 35,7%-dir. H\u00f6kum\u0259tin qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda duran \u0259sas m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259d\u0259n biri elektromobill\u0259r \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn pe\u015f\u0259kar ustalar\u0131n, servis m\u0259nt\u0259q\u0259l\u0259rinin say\u0131n\u0131n art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, ehtiyat hiss\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259, enerjidoldurma m\u0259nt\u0259q\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 daha s\u00fcr\u0259tli v\u0259 \u00e7evik \u0259l\u00e7atanl\u0131q istiqam\u0259tind\u0259 t\u0259\u015fviqat\u0131n art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><strong>N\u0259tic\u0259<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Respondentl\u0259r aras\u0131nda ke\u00e7iril\u0259n sor\u011funun n\u0259tic\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 \u0259sas\u0259n, hibrid v\u0259 elektrik m\u00fch\u0259rrikli avtomobill\u0259rin istifad\u0259\u00e7il\u0259ri aras\u0131nda m\u0259mnunluq s\u0259viyy\u0259si 97%-dir.<\/li>\n<li>Son 4 ild\u0259 hibrid avtomobill\u0259r\u0259 v\u0259 elektromobill\u0259r\u0259 maraq x\u00fcsusil\u0259 art\u0131b. Bu art\u0131m daha \u00e7ox f\u0259rdi t\u0259\u015f\u0259bb\u00fcsl\u0259rin hesab\u0131na ba\u015f verib. D\u00f6vl\u0259t t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n t\u0259\u015f\u0259bb\u00fcs proqramlar\u0131n\u0131n geni\u015fl\u0259ndirilm\u0259sin\u0259 ehtiyac var.<\/li>\n<li>Enerjidoldurma aparatlar\u0131n\u0131n qura\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131nda da daha \u00e7ox \u00f6z\u0259l sektorun aktivliyi m\u00fc\u015fahid\u0259 edilir. \u015eirk\u0259t pay\u0131 d\u00f6vl\u0259t\u0259 m\u0259xsus olan SOCAR-\u0131n t\u00f6r\u0259m\u0259 \u015firk\u0259ti olan \u201cSOCAR Petroleum\u201d c\u0259mi 2 aparat qoyubsa, \u201cAzpetrol\u201dda bel\u0259 aparatlar\u0131n say\u0131 17-dir.<\/li>\n<li>T\u0259\u0259ss\u00fcf ki, Az\u0259rbaycanda hibrid n\u0259qliyyat vasit\u0259l\u0259ri park\u0131n\u0131n ya\u015f\u0131 k\u00f6hn\u0259dir. R\u0259smi statistikaya \u0259sas\u0259n, hibrid avtomobil park\u0131nda burax\u0131l\u0131\u015f ili 11 ili ke\u00e7\u0259n avtomobill\u0259r 90 faiz t\u0259\u015fkil edir.<\/li>\n<li>H\u0259m hibrid, h\u0259m d\u0259 elektrik m\u00fch\u0259rrikli avtomobill\u0259rin park\u0131nda t\u0259krar bazar\u0131n avtomobill\u0259ri \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck t\u0259\u015fkil edir. Hibrid avtomobil istifad\u0259\u00e7isi olan respondentl\u0259rinin 92,6%-nin, elektromobil istifad\u0259\u00e7isi olan respondentl\u0259rin 74,3%-nin n\u0259qliyyat vasit\u0259l\u0259ri i\u015fl\u0259nmi\u015f avtomobill\u0259rdir.<\/li>\n<li>Sor\u011funun n\u0259tic\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259, ilkin bazara \u0259l\u00e7atanl\u0131q v\u0259 oradak\u0131 qiym\u0259tl\u0259r t\u0259krar bazarla m\u00fcqayis\u0259d\u0259 \u00e7ox gerid\u0259 qal\u0131r. X\u00fcsusil\u0259, elektromobil\u0259 sahib olmaq ist\u0259y\u0259nl\u0259r \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn yeni bazar\u0131n imkanlar\u0131 daha m\u0259hduddur. Respondentl\u0259rin 71,4%-i ilkin bazarda se\u00e7im imkanlar\u0131n\u0131n geni\u015f olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 qeyd edib. Hibrid avtomobil istifad\u0259\u00e7il\u0259rinin is\u0259 53,1%-i bel\u0259 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr.<\/li>\n<li>Apar\u0131lan t\u0259hlill\u0259r\u0259 \u0259sas\u0259n dem\u0259k olar ki, hibrid v\u0259 elektrik m\u00fch\u0259rrikli avtomobill\u0259rin al\u0131nmas\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn g\u00fcz\u0259\u015ftli \u015f\u0259rtl\u0259r yet\u0259rli s\u0259viyy\u0259d\u0259 deyil. Bu istiqam\u0259td\u0259 maliyy\u0259 \u0259l\u00e7atanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 t\u0259min etm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn d\u00f6vl\u0259t v\u0259 qeyri-d\u00f6vl\u0259t maliyy\u0259 t\u0259\u015fkilatlar\u0131 avtomobil kreditl\u0259rind\u0259 x\u00fcsusi kampaniyalar t\u0259\u015fkil ed\u0259 bil\u0259rl\u0259r.<\/li>\n<li>Banklar t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n t\u0259klif olunan avtomobil kreditl\u0259ri il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 apar\u0131lan kampaniyalar m\u0259hdud oldu\u011fundan, kredit \u015f\u0259rtl\u0259rinin m\u00fcnasibliyi il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 sualda respondentl\u0259rin b\u00f6y\u00fck hiss\u0259si m\u0259lumats\u0131z g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr.<\/li>\n<li>\u00d6lk\u0259nin ictimai n\u0259qliyyat sektorunda elektrik m\u00fch\u0259rrikli n\u0259qliyyat vasit\u0259l\u0259rinin say\u0131n\u0131n art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn t\u0259\u015f\u0259bb\u00fcsl\u0259r ir\u0259li s\u00fcr\u00fclm\u0259lidir.<\/li>\n<li>Hibrid v\u0259 elektrik m\u00fch\u0259rrikli avtomobill\u0259rin paytaxtdan regionlara do\u011fru t\u0259\u015fviqin\u0259 ehtiyac var. Regionlarda m\u00f6vcud sah\u0259d\u0259 infrastruktur yet\u0259rli s\u0259viyy\u0259d\u0259 qurulmay\u0131b. \u0130st\u0259r enerjidoldurma m\u0259nt\u0259q\u0259l\u0259ri, ist\u0259r servis m\u0259nt\u0259q\u0259l\u0259ri, ist\u0259rs\u0259 d\u0259 pe\u015f\u0259kar ustalarla t\u0259minolunma m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259ri il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 i\u015fl\u0259rin g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u0259sin\u0259 ciddi ehtiyac var.<\/li>\n<li>Elektromobil istifad\u0259\u00e7il\u0259ri \u0259sas\u0259n paytaxtda yerl\u0259\u015fir. Regionlar \u00fczr\u0259 \u0259halinin g\u0259lir v\u0259ziyy\u0259tini n\u0259z\u0259r\u0259 ald\u0131qda yaln\u0131z elektrik m\u00fch\u0259rrikli avtomobill\u0259rin al\u0131nmas\u0131nda \u0259l\u00e7atanl\u0131q a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 ola bil\u0259r. Bu s\u0259b\u0259bd\u0259n d\u00f6vl\u0259t t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n Bak\u0131 il\u0259 paralel olaraq b\u00f6lg\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 d\u0259 \u0259n az\u0131 ictimai n\u0259qliyyat park\u0131nda elektrobuslar\u0131n, elektrik m\u00fch\u0259rrikli taksil\u0259rin pay\u0131n\u0131n art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn h\u0259d\u0259fl\u0259r m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259nl\u0259\u015fdirilm\u0259lidir.<\/li>\n<li>Sor\u011fuda i\u015ftirak ed\u0259n respondentl\u0259rin c\u0259mi 2,6 faizi qad\u0131nd\u0131r. Onlar\u0131n ham\u0131s\u0131 hibrid avtomobild\u0259n istifad\u0259 edir, elektromobil istifad\u0259\u00e7isi is\u0259 yoxdur. Avtomobil sahibi olan qad\u0131nlar aras\u0131nda hibrid v\u0259 elektrik m\u00fch\u0259rrikli avtomobill\u0259r\u0259 mara\u011f\u0131n az olmas\u0131 onlar\u0131n aras\u0131nda maarifl\u0259ndirm\u0259 i\u015fin\u0259 diqq\u0259tin art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 z\u0259rur edir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0130ST\u0130FAD\u018f ED\u0130LM\u0130\u015e \u018fD\u018fB\u0130YYAT:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Az\u0259rbaycan dilind\u0259:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Az\u0259rbaycan 2030: sosial-iqtisadi inki\u015fafa dair Milli Prioritetl\u0259r. \/Az\u0259rbaycan Respublikas\u0131 Prezidentinin 2021-ci il 2 fevral tarixli S\u0259r\u0259ncam\u0131 il\u0259 t\u0259sdiq edilmi\u015fdir\/ &#8211; https:\/\/president.az\/az\/articles\/view\/50474<\/li>\n<li>Az\u0259rbaycan Respublikas\u0131nda yol h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259tinin t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259sizliyin\u0259 dair 2019\u20132023-c\u00fc ill\u0259r \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn D\u00f6vl\u0259t Proqram\u0131. \/ Az\u0259rbaycan Respublikas\u0131 Prezidentinin 2018-ci il 27 dekabr tarixli 852 n\u00f6mr\u0259li S\u0259r\u0259ncam\u0131 il\u0259 t\u0259sdiq edilmi\u015fdir\/ &#8211; https:\/\/e-qanun.az\/framework\/41118<\/li>\n<li>\u201cElektrik m\u00fch\u0259rrikli v\u0259 hibrdi n\u0259qliyyat vasit\u0259\u00e7il\u0259ri istifad\u0259\u00e7il\u0259rinin m\u0259mnunlu\u011fu\u201d sosioloji sor\u011fu\/ Sosial T\u0259dqiqatlar M\u0259rk\u0259zi\/, 2022<\/li>\n<li>Xarici ticar\u0259tin v\u0259ziyy\u0259ti haqq\u0131nda aray\u0131\u015f. \/ D\u00f6vl\u0259t G\u00f6mr\u00fck Komit\u0259si, 2020, 2021, 2022\/ &#8211; https:\/\/customs.gov.az\/az\/faydali\/gomruk-statistikasi\/xarici-ticaretin-veziyyeti-haqqinda<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>\u0130ngilis dilind\u0259:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol start=\"5\">\n<li>Bellon, Tina and Paul. \u201cExclusive: Global carmakers now target $515 billion for EVs, batteries.\u201d \/\/ Reuters, 21 Nov 2021. &#8211; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/business\/autostransportation\/exclusive-global-carmakers-now-target-515-billion-evs-batteries-2021-11-10<\/li>\n<li>\u201cElectric Vehicles\u201d Report. \/International Energy Agency, September, 2022\/ &#8211; https:\/\/www.iea.org\/reports\/electric-vehicles<\/li>\n<li>\u201cGlobal EV Outlook 2021\u201d \/ International Energy Agency, April 2021\/. &#8211; https:\/\/www.iea.org\/reports\/global-ev-outlook-2021<\/li>\n<li>\u201cGlobal EV Outlook 2022\u201d. Securing supplies for an electric future. \/ International Energy Agency\/ &#8211; https:\/\/iea.blob.core.windows.net\/assets\/ad8fb04c-4f75-42fc-973a-6e54c8a4449a\/GlobalElectricVehicleOutlook2022.pdf<\/li>\n<li>Rachel MacIntosh, Sophie Tolomiczenko, &amp; Grace Van Horn, \u201cElectric Vehicle Market Update\u201d \/April, 2022\/ &#8211; www.sustainability.com<\/li>\n<li>The Paris Agreement. \/UNFCCC, 12 Dec. 2015\/ &#8211; https:\/\/unfccc.int\/process-and-meetings\/the-paris-agreement\/the-paris-agreement<\/li>\n<li>Walton, Robert. Zero-emission vehicles \u2018are coming very fast now,\u2019 says author of Congressionally-mandated report. \/\/ Utility Dive, 1 Apr. 2021,<\/li>\n<li>Zeroing in on Zero-Emission Trucks: The Advanced Technology Truck Index: A U.S. ZET Inventory Report \/January 2022, A CALSTART Report By: Baha M. Al-Alawi, Owen MacDonnell, Ross McLane, and Kevin Walkowicz\/ &#8211; https:\/\/calstart.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/ZIO-ZETs-Report_Updated-Final-II.pdf<\/li>\n<li>2021 K\u00fcresel Otomotiv T\u00fcketici Ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131. \/Deloitte, 2021\/ -https:\/\/www2.deloitte.com\/tr\/tr\/pages\/manufacturing\/articles\/2021-global-automotive-consumer-study.html<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Vusala Rustamova<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>THE CONDITION IN THE PROMOTION OF ELECTRIC AND HYBRID VEHICLES IN AZERBAIJAN AND THE USER SATISFACTION<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><strong>Abstract<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Today, one of the main targets facing the countries of the world and international organizations is the reduction of carbon (CO2) emissions released into the atmosphere by industrial enterprises and transport wehicles. In this direction, challenges and targets are being accelerated, various action plans are adopted.<\/p>\n<p>As a result, the number of countries that forbid diesel and gasoline vehicles is increasing every year. According to the International Energy Agency, electric vehicles sales in 2021 hit a record high of 6.6 million units. The total number of all types of electric vehicles (hybrid and electric cars) produced reached 16.5 million.<\/p>\n<p>In recent years, some steps have been taken by the state on the encouragement of the use of electric vehicles in Azerbaijan. In order to ensure the transition to &#8220;green energy&#8221;, the government of Azerbaijan has defined certain targets in this direction within a number of strategic documents, national priorities and the state program.<\/p>\n<p>Among them, on the documents such as &#8220;State Program for Road Traffic Safety in the Republic of Azerbaijan for 2019-2023&#8221;, and &#8220;Azerbaijan 2030: National Priorities for Socio-Economic Development&#8221;, it is envisaged to form a relevant normative legal framework with the aim to stimulate the usage of environmentally friendly, electric vehicles, by determining advantages and privileges for production, import, export, circulation and operation. Even according to the new initiatives proposed in the 2022 state budget the application oftax incentives for all types of electric vehicles is intented for realisation<\/p>\n<p>This article presents an analysis of a sociological survey conducted by the Social Research Center on &#8220;Satisfaction of users of electric and hybrid vehicles&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p>Regarding the factors promoting the transition to electric vehicles by the government, the public opinion was analyzed in the study.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Keywords:<\/strong> climate, target, hybrid, electric, car, vehicles, incentive, survey, state, promotion<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0412\u0443\u0441\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0420\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0432\u0430<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0421\u0418\u0422\u0423\u0410\u0426\u0418\u042f \u0421 \u041f\u0420\u041e\u0414\u0412\u0418\u0416\u0415\u041d\u0418\u0415\u041c \u042d\u041b\u0415\u041a\u0422\u0420\u0418\u0427\u0415\u0421\u041a\u0418\u0425 \u0418 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X\u00fclas\u0259. Bu g\u00fcn d\u00fcnya \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rinin, beyn\u0259lxalq t\u0259\u015fkilatlar\u0131n qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda duran \u0259sas v\u0259zif\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259n biri s\u0259naye m\u00fc\u0259ssis\u0259l\u0259ri v\u0259 n\u0259qliyyat vasit\u0259l\u0259ri t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n atmosfer\u0259 at\u0131lan karbon (CO2) emissiyas\u0131n\u0131n azald\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r. Bu istiqam\u0259td\u0259 \u00e7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131\u015flar, h\u0259d\u0259fl\u0259r yenil\u0259nir, m\u00fcxt\u0259lif f\u0259aliyy\u0259t planlar\u0131 q\u0259bul edilir. N\u0259tic\u0259d\u0259 dizel v\u0259 benzinl\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259y\u0259n n\u0259qliyyat vasit\u0259l\u0259rini [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":912,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-961","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cild-1--1"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/socialresearchjournal.az\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/961","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/socialresearchjournal.az\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/socialresearchjournal.az\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/socialresearchjournal.az\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/socialresearchjournal.az\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=961"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/socialresearchjournal.az\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/961\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":962,"href":"https:\/\/socialresearchjournal.az\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/961\/revisions\/962"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/socialresearchjournal.az\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/912"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/socialresearchjournal.az\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=961"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/socialresearchjournal.az\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=961"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/socialresearchjournal.az\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=961"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}